ML20095L499

Simplified Analysis for Liquid Pathway Studies

ML20095L499
Person / Time
Issue date:	08/31/1984
From:	Codell R Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
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References
NUREG-1054, NUDOCS 8408300292
Download: ML20095L499 (106)

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i NUREG-105d

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' Simplified Analysis for Liquid Pathway Studies U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Offics of Nuclear Reactor Regulation R. Codell 1

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NUREG-1054 Simplified Analysis for Liquid Pathway Studies Manuscript Completed: December 1983 Date Published: August 1984 R. Codell' Division of Engineering Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Wcshington, D.C. 20555

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1 ABSTRACT-

' The analys'is.of the potential -contamination of ' surface. water via groundwater contamination from severe nuclear accidents is routinely calculated during

' licensing reviews.' This' analysis is facilitated by the methods described in

~

- this. report, which'is codified-into a BASIC language computer program, SCREENLP.

._This program performs simplified calculations for groundwater and surface wate'r transport and calculates population doses to potential : users of the contami-nated water irrespective of possible mitigation methods.

The results are then compared to'similar analyses performed using data for the generic sites in NUREG-0440, " Liquid' Pathway Generic Study," to determine if~the site being investigated would pose any unusual liquid pathway hazards.

- NUREG-1054:

iii i

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT.........................................................

iii LIST 0F SYMBOLS..................................................

ix 1

' INTRODUCTION................................................

1-1 2

BACKGROUND

SUMMARY

OF ANALYSES IN LIQUID PATHWAY GENERIC STUDY...............................................

2-1 2.1 Introduction...........................................

2-1 2.2 Sites..................................................

2-1 2.3 Groundwater Pathway....................................

2-2 2.4 Surface Water Transport............................

2-2 2.5 Usage Factors..........................................

2-2 3

METHODOLOGY FOR LIQUID PATHWAYS SCREENING MODEL.............

3-1 3.1 Introduction..........................................

3-1 3.2 Source Term............................................

3-1 3.3 Groundwater Transport..................................

3-3 3.4 Surface Water Dilution................................

3-12 3.5 Models for Exposures to the Popu'ation.................

3-17 3.5.1' Introduction...............

3-17 3.5.2 Orinking Water Pathway..........................

3-18 3.5.3 Aquatic Food Pathway............................

3-18 3.5.4 Shoreline Exposure Pathway......................

3-19 3.6 Coastal Site Population Dose Model.....................

3-20 NUREG-1054 v

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U TABLE OF: CONTENTS (Continued) 4 P. ag L4

.0PERATION OF COMPUTER PROGRAM...............................

4-1 4.11-Introduction...........................................

4-1

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-4.2 Classification of Sites........,.......................

4.1

.4.3 Selection of Data for Site-Specific Evaluations........

4-4 7

4.3.1 Groundwater Transport Data......................

4-5 4.3.2 Surface Water Dilution Data..................... 8 4.3.3 Pathway Usage Rates.............................

4-10 4.3.4 Data Worksheet..................................

4-12 5

BASE CASE EXAMPLES..........................................

5-1 a

5.1 Groundwater Transport - All Cases......................

5-1

[

5.2 Large-River Site.......................................

5-1 j

5.3 Small-River Site.......................................

5-2 5.4 Great Lakes Site.......................................

5-6 5.5 E s t u a ry S i t e...........................................

5-4

/

l 5.6 Coastal Site...........................................

5-4 1

\\-

i 6

CONCLUSION...............................................

6-1 l

7 REFERENCES..................................................

7-1 APPENDIX A - RUNNING WATSTORE DATA BASE SYSTEM TO CALCULATE DILUTION FLOWRATES APPENDIX B--

TEST 800K DATA FOR GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT J

t APPENDIX C - LISTING OF LIQUID PATHWAY PROGRAM "SCREENLP" 4

}-

i i-NUREG-1054-vi

t-TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

LIST OF FIGURES P_ age 3.1 Groundwater Treatment Option 2 - Example....................

3-5 3.'2 Groundwater Treatment Option 3 - Example....................

3-7 3.3 Water lable on a Sloping Plane..............................

3-8 3.4' Groundwater Treatment Option 4 - Example....................

3-10 3.5 Uniform Recharge to a Freshwater Lens.......................

3-11 3.6 Groundwater Treatment Option 5 - Example....................

3-13 3.7 Representation of Estuary...................................

3-16 3.8 Surface Water Treatment Option 3 - Example..................

3-16 4.1 Flowchart for Liquid Pathways Program.......................

4-2 4.2 Data Worksheet for Liquid Pathways Program..................

4-14 5.1 LPGS Large-River Base Case..................................

5-3 l.

5.2 LPGS Small-River Base Case..................................

5-7 l

5.3 LPGS Great Lakes Base Case..................................

5-11 l

5.4 LPGS Estuary Base Case......................................

5-16 5.5 LPGS Coastal Base Case................

5-20 LIST OF TABLES l

3.1 Source Term For Liquid Pathways Screening Model.............

3-2 3.2 Factors for Shoreline Model.................................

3-20 4.1 Literature Values of Sediment Properties....................

4-11 4.2 Liquid Pathway Usage Values used in LPGS....................

4-13 5.1 Physical Parameters for Small-River Site....................

5-5 5.2 Hydrologic and Water-Use Parameters for LPGS Great Lakes Site............................................

5-10 i

(

5. 3 Parameters for LPGS Estuary Site............................

5-15 I

5.4 Parameters for LPGS Coastal Site............................

5-19 6.1 Summary of Surrogate Population Doses for LPGS Base Cases...

6-1 p

NUREG-1054 vii L

LIST OF SYMBOLS Symbol Definition Dimension Example

.A drainage basin area L2 ft2 d

A', B coeff_icients in equation,

B bioaccumulation factor for (T 1/M)/(T 1/L3)

(mci /kg)/(mci /f) 97 radionuclide i in finfish B

bioaccumulation factor for (T 1/M)/(T 1/L )

(mci /kg)/(mci /2) 3 is radionuclide i in shellfish

~BAF bioaccumulation factor for (T 1/M)/(T 1/L3)

(mci /kg)/(mci /2) 91 radionuclide i for finfish BAF bi accumulation factor for (T- /M)/(T 1/La)

(mci /kg)/(mci /E) i2 radionuclide i for shellfish C

concentration of radionuclide 1 9p) in segment j caused by pathway p d

effective water depth in coastal L

m model d) average depth of water layer in L

ft y

water body segment j d

average depth of sediment in L

ft 2j water body segment NUREG-1054 ix t-- -

f LIST OF SYMBOLS (Continued)

Symbol Definition-Dimension Example D

effective dilution of radio-

-T/La sec/ft8 jj

.nuclide i in water body segment j th

_ opulation dose for the p FL/(F/L/T2) person-rem D

p p

exposure pathway DF dose factor for ingestion of FL/(F/L/T2)/T 1 mrem /pCi_

j radionuclide i DF dose factor for exposure 4p pathway p from radionuclide i DF dose factor for standing on (FL/(F/(L/T2))/

(mrem /hr)/(mci /m2) si contaminated ground T)/T 2/L2 E

fraction of fish that is ingested F

fraction of released radio-gg nuclide i that passes the groundwater barrier F

transmittal factor for pg radionuclide i in pathway p F

fraction of radionuclide i 39 entering the sump or suppression pool water NUREG-1054 x

LLIST OF SYMBOLS (Continued) rSymbol Definition Dimension Example

.F 1 transmittal factor for-radio-Ti nuclide i between source and affected population G

usage rate of beach T/L person-hr/ linear b

meter of beach G (x,y) annual average finfish catch F/L2/T kg/ha/yr y

density at x, y G (x,y) annual average shellfish catch F/L2/T kg/ha/yr 7

density at x, y h

water table thickness L

ft h,

maximum thickness of lens L

ft H_

aquifer thickness at_the sink L

ft k

hydraulic conductivity L/T ft/yr (permeability)

K_

transfer coefficient between La/FT f/km yr water and beach deposits

'K equilibrium coefficient of L3/F ml/gm d

sediment K

equilibrium distribution L3/F ml/gm di coefficient of radionuclide i

.NUREG-1054 xi

t LIST OF SYMBOLS (Continued)

Symbol Definition Dimension Example.

'K coefficient for direct transfer L/T ft/yr 7

from water to bottom sediment L

distance from top of hill, or L+

ft groundwater divide, to surface water body L

distance from source to sink.

L ft y

m groundwater gradient L/L ft (rise)/ft (run)

M number of radionuclides M

number of days in record T

day d

M-quantity of radionuclide i T1 Ci 9

entering ground also core inventory of T1 Ci radionuclide i M

quantity of radionuclide i T1 Ci 4

si present in core at time of meltdown v

l

.n total porosity of soil l

n effective porosity e

N number of segments in water body NUREG-1054 xii L1

2-LIST OF SYMBOLS.(Continued)

Symbol

' Definition Dimension

'. Example P

p pulation drawing drinking number of people dj water from segment j P) population affected by the rimber of people p

liquid release in segment j

- P Population using shoreline and number of people sj beaches in segment j

?

freshwater flowrate in river La/T 3

ft /sec q) segment j q

annual average stream flow La/T ft /yr 3

j gg 3

daily flowrate for day i L /T fta/sec 1

Ri reciprocal average flowrate La/T ft/sec i

R recharge to water table La/T/L2 (fta/yr)/ft2 R

retardation coefficient d

R retardation coefficient of di.

radionuclide i s

slope of impermeable layer L/L ft/ft 5

source strength Ci/ day S

salinity in estuary segment j parts per thousand 3

NUREG-1054 xiii

LIST OF SYMBOLS (Continued)

Symbol Definition Dimension Example S

salinity of seawater parts per thousand s

t,i half-life of radionuclide i T

yr g

T groundwater travel time T

yr U

coastal drift current L/T m/ day L /T 2/yr 3

U average annual drinking water d

consumption U

edible finfish catch in F/T kg/yr jf segment j U

annual edible shellfish catch F/T kg/yr j3 in segment j U) usage factor for pathway p in p

segment j V

annual average usage rate of T/T hr/yr 3

beaches per capita v

sedimentation rate in L/T ft/yr j

reservoir j V) volume of river segment j L3 ft3 W

shore-width factor x

linear distance ordinate L

ft NUREG-1054 xiv m

,Y.

F LIST OF SYMBOLS (Continued)

Symbol' Definition Dimension Example x 'Y1

. spatial integration limits for L

m 1

coastal zone i

y offshore distance ordinate L

m a,p coefficients in Equation 24 yf specific gravity of freshwater y

specific gravity of saltwater s

i j

6 relative buoyancy of freshwater in seawater i

c sediment ef.'iciency (effectiveness factor) l I

l A

radioactive decay coefficient, 1/T 1/yr 0.693/ half-life A

decay constant for radio-1/T 1/yr j

nuclide i i

p sediment density F/La Om/mi bulk density of soll F/La.

g f,j pb 4

I l

p effective density of shoreline F/L2 kg/km2 s

deposits time constant for erosion of T

yr 1 9 radionucilde i on beach 1

NUREG-1054 xv

LIST OF SYMBOLS (Continued) i.

l-Symbol Definition Dimension Example 3

X-dilution calculated from T/La day /sa equation X(x.y) dilution calculated in offshore T/L3 day /m3 zone at x, y 3

(<q))L 1 ng-term arithmetic mean L3/T ft /sec flowrate

0

?.02 INPUT EFFECTIVE POROSITY

?.075 TRAVEL TIME, YEARS =

6.56703 MAXIMUM MOUND THICKNESS,FT =

153.023 WARNING!!! - BE SURE THAT MOUND THICKNESS DOESN'T EXCEED MAX AGUIFER THICKNESS ENTER 1 TO INPUT RD FACTORS ENTER 2 TO CALC RD FACTORS Figure 3.4 Groundwater Treatment Option 4 - example (5) Groundwater Treatment Option 5

" Calculate Travel Time in Freshwater Lens for Coastal Environment" This option is a variation of the uniform recharge case presented in Ground-water Treatment Option 4 above, but for seacoasts or islands.

Rainwater infiltrating the ground floats on the denser seawater forming a freshwater lens as depicted in Figure 3.5.

This phenomenon is also known as the NUREG-1054 3-10 1

L T

I Source L

infiltration rate R, ftlyr g

r@u ir u

u u

1

,r u

i I

Water' table 7

Freshwater a

Seawater lens Seawater O

H Seawater v

/ // ///////,"?*'"'**4'* i vV////////

Figure 3.5 Uniform recharge to a freshwater lens Ghyben-Herzberg approximation (Bear, 1979).

The travel time from the source to the coast using this approximation can be estimated to be T = T(L)

T(L - L )

(8) 1

- L in (' + O II where T(x) = n

{JL x

e Rk x

effective porosity where n

=

e R = recharge to water table, (f t3/yr)/f t2 (see Section 4.3) k = hydraulic conductivity, ft/yr L = distance from center of island to shoreline, ft L = distance from source to shoreline, ft y

The factor 6 is the relative buoyancy of freshwater and is expressed Y f 6=

(10)

Y Yf s

l l

NUREG-1054 3-11 l

1 o

where y is the specific gravity of saltwater and yf is the specific gravity s

of freshwater.

Typically from seawater, 6 = 40, and this value is fixed in the computer program.

Calculations for Rdi proceed as in Option 2 once travel time has c

. been estimated.

The maximum thickness'of the lens h occurs at the island center and is g

. expressed h' =(1+6)L'J R

(11)

' Y (1 + 6)k The maximum thickness ~must not be greater than the thickness of the water-

- bearing layer.

If it is, coefficients such as recharge and permeability may have been improperly chosen, or the ground may be saturated.

In some cases freshwater would displace saltwater over part of the flow path.

In such cases, the travel time is likely to lie somewhere between those calculated by Option 4 and Option 5.

Example 4 - Groundwater. Treatment Option 5, Uniform Recharge on a Barrier Island:

Referring to Figure 3.5, calculate the travel time from the source to the ocean for the following parameters:

R = 0.6 ft/yr n,-= 0.03 k = 6,000 ft/yr L = 3,000 ft L = 2,400 ft y

H = 300 ft Solution:

The solution is shown in Figure 3.6.

3.4 Surface Water Dilution Population doses from the postulated releases are proportional to the long-term l

The

. average concentrations in the affected portions of the receiving waters.

I NUREG-1054 3-12

T

. GROUNDWATER TREATMENT OPTIONS

1. ENTER GR.WTR TRANSMITTAL FACTORS FOR:SR90,CS134,CS137

2. ENTER;TRAVELcTIME THROUGH' GROUND

3. CALC' TRAVEL TIME'FROM DARCYS LAW

4. CALC TRAVEL -TIME FROM RECHARGE TO WATER TABLE

- 5. CALC TRAVEL TIME'IN FRESHWATER f

LENS FOR COASTAL ENVIRONMENT ENTER OPTION NUMBER

?.S' ENTER EFFECTIVE PORDSITY

?.03

- ENTER. HYDRAULIC..COND,FT/YR

? 6000

- ENTER DISTANCE FROM CENTER OF LENS'TO SEA,FT

? 3000 ENTER DISTANCE FROM SOURCE TO SEA, FT

? 2400 ENTER RECHARGE,FT/YR

?

.6 TR. TIME, YEARS =

12.6075 MAX MOUND HT,FT=-

192.094 WARNING!!! - BE SURE TO CHECK THAT MOUND HT DOESN'T EXCEED THICKNESS

- 0F AQUIFER. IF SO VALUES CHOSEN MAY BE INAPPROPRIATE ENTER 1 TO INPUT RD FACTORS ENTER 2 TO CALC RD FACTORS Figure 3.6 Ground <ater Treatment Option 5 - example-

-computer program has several options for dealing with surface water dilution.

'These include (1) reading the dilution directly (sec/ft ), (2) calculating the 3

dilution in rivers, lakes, and estuaries for each radionuclide based on sediment interaction in addition to dilution, (3) calculating the dilution in-estuaries

~

from the observed. salinity profile, and (4) using a coastal dispersion model.

3 All of)the LPGS cases are considered to be covered by these four options, al-though'somewhat different models were used in NUREG-0440.

Each surface = water Milution option is described below.

-NUREG-1054 13-

(1) Surface Water Treatment Option 1

" Read in Dilutions" In this option, dilution in each segment is considered to be proportional only

.to the flowrate in that segment.

The dilutions are read in directly as the reciprocal of the flowrate, sec/ft3 The LPGS large-river base case example uses this option and is presented in Section 5.

(2) Surface Water Treatment Option 2

" Calculate Nuclide-Specific Dilutions From~ Sediment Loads in Rivers or Lakes" In this option, the steady-state concentration in each river, lake, or estuary segment is calculated on the basis of the effects of sediment interactions.

Sediment scavenging is an important mechanism for removing radionuclides, par-ticularly cesium, from the water.

The water body is considered to be partitioned into completely mixed segments.

The concentration of each radionuclide in each segment is calculated on the basis of the input values of flowrate, sediment load, water depth, sediment depth, equilibrium coefficient, sediment

• density, half-life, and dire'ct transfer coefficient.

Dilution of radionuclide i in segment j is defined by Equation 1:

(12) q V

-A A

IA4ij) jj y j_y ) (A2ij lij 3ij D

=D jj jg g) is defined as unity, and where (D g

K (13) x f

K lij dyj di j di f

(14) x

,], = I + x, + V d) 21

-V 1

d y

j g

K (15) j di + Kf

_'V A3ij ~

d2j NUREG-1054 3-14 i

-cv K f (16)

A4ij

• Ai*

• d K

2j di q)_3 flow from previous segment

=

th 3 = volume of j segment V

K = coefficient for direct transfer between the water and bottom 7

sediment di = equilibrium coeff'icient of the nuclide i in sediment, ml/gm K

c = sediment efficiency y = average depth of the water layer in water body j d

2j = aver ge depth of the sediment layer in water body j d

A9 = radioactive decay coefficient of nuclide i, 0.693/ half-life, yr 2 j = sedimentation rate in reservoir j, ft/yr v

Site-specific data should be iced whenever possible.

The LPGS small-river base case uses Surface Water Treatment Option 2 and is presented in Section 5.

Note that the LPGS estuary base case also uses Surface Water Treatment Option 2.

(3) Surface Water Treatment Option 3

" Calculate Dilutions From Salinity Profile in Estuary" This option is used to calculate dilution in an estuary where the salinity as a function of distance is known.

The dilution of radionuclide i in segment j is calculated from a mass balance equation:

D

= (1 - 5./S )/q.

(17) ij j s j

where S. = salinity in estuary segment-j, parts per thousand J

S = seawater salinity, parts per thousand s

3 q '= freshwater flowrate in that segment, ft /sec y

Example 5 - Surface Water Treatment Option 3 - Estuary:

Calculate the dilu-tions in an estuary that is represented by three segments as shown in Figure 3.7.

.NUREG-1054 3-15

.1

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 S = 5 ppt S = 15 ppt

- S = 25 ppt Seawater Fr+tshwater flow frgm salinity = 35 ppt upstrearri = 1.000 ft /sec Site d

d Additional freshwater Additional 3

flow = 200 ft /sec freshwater 3

flow = 150 ft /sec Figure 3.7 Representation of estuary 3

From Figure 3.7, the freshwater throughput is 1,000, 1,200, and 1,350 ft /sec for Segments 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

The solution is shown in Figure 3.8.

DILUTION FACTOR OPTIONS

1. READ IN DILUTIONS

2. CALCULATE NUCLIDE SPECIFIC DIL FROM SED' LOADS IN RIVER OR LANES

3. CALC L1ILUTIONS FROM Sol.1NITY PROFILE IN ESTUARY ENTER OPTION NUMBER

?3 ENTER SEAWATER GALINITY. PPT

? 35 ENTER sal.INTTY IN EACH SEGMENT, PPT AND FRESHWATER THRUPUT,CFS SEGMENT 1 ? 5,1000 DILUTION IN SEGMENT =

0.57143E-04 SEGMENT 2 ? 15,1200 DILUTION IN SEGMENT =

4.76191E-04 SEGMENT 3 ? 25,1350 DILUTION IN SEGMENT =

2.1164E-04 Figure 3.8 Surface Water Treatment Option 3 - example NUREG-1054 3-16 w_.

i

3.5 Models for Exposures to the Population 3.5.1 Introduction Population dose is calculated from three pathways:

drinking water, aquatic food, and shoreline exposure; pathways other than these are considered negligible con-tributors to dose.

Screening analyses show that over 90% of the population dose from liquid pathways comes from the three radionuclides Sr-90, Cs-134, and Cs-137; therefore, other radionuclides are neglected in the analysis.

The present dose models have been derived from the models in the LPGS.

Popu-th lation dose D is calculated for the p ex osure pathway by the formula r

p N

M t

(18)

D

= I P.

I DF.

F.

f C.

. dt P

j=1 j=11P P1 1PJ PJ a

where N = number of segments in water body P. = population in segment j affected by the liquid release PJ M = number of radionuclides DF

= dose factor for exposure pathway p from radionuclide i jp F. = transmittal factor for radionuclide i in pathway p P1 C.. = concentration of radionuclide i in segment j caused by pathway p 1PJ Population dose is evaluated for an infinite time after the release, assuming no interdiction.

The concentration of radionuclide i in the surface water would vary with time and would depend on the inventory of radionuclide i in the core Msi, the fraction escaping the reactor Fsi, the fraction escaping the g, and the dilution and removal mechanisms in the surface water body.

ground F g

The integral of concentration in Ecuation 18 for infinite time reduces to:

t ipj dt "si Fsi gi ij O

(

t -* =

NUREG-1054 3-17

where 0 ) is the factor accounting.for dilution and removal of radionuclide i 9

in segment j_of the water body.

The infinite time population dose for pathway p can therefore be stated as:

=N M

Dose =-

P)U)

$p si si F;Djj F; (20)

DF M

F p

p g

p j

where U ) = usage rate of contaminated water for pathway p in segment j.

p The subsequent paragraphs describe'the application of Equation 20 for the various situations likely to be encountered.

3.5.2 Drinking Water Pathway For the annual cumulative dose in the case of drinking water, Equation 20 reduces to N

M M

F F

(21) f 0F $

si si F;Djj Ti Dose =

P U

dj d g

i1 dj = p pulation drawing drinking _ water from segment j where P U = average annual drinking water consumption (use 730 t/yr) d DF; = dose factor for ingestion of radionuclide i (0.186 x 10 2, 1.21 x 10 4, and 0.714 x 10 4 mrem per picocurie for Sr-90, Cs-134, and Cs-137, respectiv~ely) gj = effective dilution of radionuclide i in segment j D

FTi = water treatment passage factor for radionuclide i (0.2 for Sr and 0.9 for Cs in LPGS) 3.5.3 Aquatic Food Pathway For aquatic food, the finfish and shellfish doses are calculated.

Equation 20-reduces to N

M 0 ) - (Bis js + Bjf jf) E (22)

U U

Dose =

1 I DF M F

F 9

3g si gg 5

J=1 i=1 NUREG-1054 3-18

where DFg = dose factor.for ingestion of radionuclide i Bis = bi accumulation factor for radionuclide i in shellfish, (mci /kg)/(mci /2)

U, = annual edible shellfish catch in segment j j

Bgf = bioaccumulation factor for radionuclide i in finfish, (mci /kg)/(mci /2)

Ujf = annual edible finfish catch in segment j E = fraction of fish that is ingested (LPGS used 0.50) 3.5.4 Shoreline Exposure Pathway For the population dose to people using the beaches and shorelines, Equation 20 reduces to N

M Dose =

1 P

U I

DF WK1 D M F F;p (23) sj s si 9

jj g

3$

g s

J:1 1=1 where Psj = number of people using shoreline and beaches in segment j U = annual average usage rate of beaches per capita, hr/yr 3

DFsi = dose factor for standing on contaminated ground, (mrem /hr)/(mci /m )

2 K = transfer coefficient between water and beach deposits, 631 g/kg yr 5 = time constant'for erosion of radionuclide i on beach, yr T

^

B (24)

+

t. = A; + a 1

Aj+p where Ag = 0.693/tg p = effective density of shoreline deposits = 40 kg/m 2 3

The term W is the shore-width factor, which accounts for the effective width of shorelines-for different bodies of water.

The terms a, p, A, and B are factors that account for the residence time of radionuclides on shore.

The shoreline deposition model differs from the LPGS model, which does not account for erosion of the radionuclides from the shoreline.

The present model is derived from NUREG/CR-1596 and was adopted because it represents a considerable improvement NUREG-1054 3-19

over the original LPGS model.

Table 3.2 gives the values of a, p, A, B, and W

.for the various water bodies.

Table 3.2 - Factors for shoreline model Water body W

a, yr 1

, yr 1 A

B River 0.2 1.406 7.702'x 10 3 0.63 0.37 Great' Lakes 0.3 1.406 7.702 x 10 3 0.63 0.37 Estuary

1. 0 1.406 7.702 x 10 3 0.05 0.95 Sea coast 0.5 16.867 1.406 0.9

0.1 Source

NUREG/CR-1596 3.' 6 Coastal' Site Population Dose Model The dose model for coastal sites is treated separately from the other models in the computer program.

This part of the original LPGS evaluation was per-formed mainly by Offshore Power Systems, and the model of Offshore Power Sys-tems Topical Report 22A60 is largely incorporated in the present computer program.

The dispersion from a steady-state source emanating from the shoreline into the open ocean moving at velocity U parallel to shore is expressed as

-(A *)

i 1

Uy2 U

3

• • P ( ~

)e day /m (25)

X=

zd(nUp(x))l/2 4p(x) where p(x) = I' x

+ p(0) m / day (26) 3 U.34 1

where d = effective water depth, m U = longshore drift current, m/ day y = offshore distance, m g = decay constant for radionuclide i A

x = longshore distance, m 3

p(0) = base value of p at x = 0 (taken as 1.85 x 107 m / day in.the present case)

NUREG-1054 3-20

e Only,the aquatic. food and shoreline dose are calculated for the coastal site because there are no users of drinking water that could be affected.

Seafood catch is tabulated in discrete zones as a function of offshore distance.

The

-water is divided into rectangular blocks downcurrent and off shore from the coast.

Equation 25 is used to calculate the concentration at the center of each block, which is then multiplied by the fish catch in that block and summed.

Population dose is then calculated by the formula:

2 xi yi 3

Dose = 1 ff X(X,Y) G (x,y) dx dy I M; F ; Fsi j

ik DF BAF (27) k k=1 o o 1=1 g

x,yy = spatial limits of offshore dose model, m where y

3 X = dilution calculated from Equation 25, day /m G (x,y) = annual average finfish catch density at x,y, kg/ha/yr y

G (x,y) = annual average shellfish catch density at x,y, kg/ha/yr 2

M9 = core inventory of radionuclide i, Ci F j = groundwater passage factor of radionuclide i g

Fsi = sump water factor of radionuclide i DF5 = dose factor for ingestion of radionuclide i, mrem /pCi BAFjy = bioaccumulation factor for radionuclide i for finfish, (mci /kg)/(mci /f).

BAF

= bi accumulation factor for radionuclide i for shellfish, i2 (mci /kg)/(mci /2)

The radioactive decay term is left out of the calculations because it would make the integral in Equation 27 nuclide dependent, and for the radionuclides considered would make a negligible difference in calculated dose.

Population dose from shoreline exposure is calculated from the downcurrent dilution predicted by Equation 25 at y = 0, and the shoreline usage rate in person-hours per linear meter of beach:

l x1 3

Dose = ( f X(x,y = 0)dx) I M F;Fsi 3$

b i

DF G WI (28) g g o

i=1 NUREG-1054 3-21

~

c 3

where X(x,y = 0) = dilution at the shoreline, day /m si = dose factor for standing on irradiated ground, 0F 2

(mci /hr)/(pCi/m )

G = usage rate of beach, person-hr/ linear meter of beach b

W = shore-width factor (0.5 for coastal site) 9 = time constant for erosion of radionuclide i on beach, yr 1

(defined by Equation 24) and the other terms are as previously defined.

The coastal model is illustrated in the LPGS coastal site example presented in Section 5.

r NUREG-1054

'3-22

l 4 -0PERATION OF COMPUTER' PROGRAM 1

'4.1 Introduction'-

The: liquid.pathwa'y computer program is an interactive BASIC program, which prompts the user for.all necessary information.

Figure 4.1 gives a flow diagram of the major ' computational units -in.the program.

Appendix C contains a listing 4

of the BASIC program as it appears on the'NRC Data General MV 8000.

r t

4.2 Classification of Sites Sites are classified "small' river," large river," " Great Lakes," " estuarine,"

l

" coastal," or " dry" (although there is 'no provision in the present program for dry sites).

In many cases the distinction between types of' sites is unclear, because rivors. feed the Great-Lakes and all rivers become estuaries, which flow into the sea.

The site characterization, therefore, is somewhat subjective'

. Although'it would be possible to consider river bodies linked together-(e.g.,

river + estuary + coastal), this is generally not necessary.

As a rule, large-t or small-river sites should also include the estuarine sections, but there is no need to consider the subsequent coastal sections because of the relatively r

high dilution once the estuaries enter coastal waters.

For cases where the i

rivers enter the Great: Lakes, the downstream users as far aslthe'St. Lawrence River terminus should be included, although population statistics for drinking

. water and fish catch for the Great Lakes themselves will generally dominate the population dose.

Coastal sites are.often located in barrier island settings 3.

such as Oyster Creek, which is on Barnegat Bay.

These sites have.the charac-

[

- teristics of'both estuaries and oceans, and the affected environment of both.

settings should be considered.-

i i

I NUREG-1054 4-1

2-

Program Screen LP 1 r Initialize constants 1,

Enter type of groundwater model I

e, Direct input Calculate Calculate Calculate of input travel travel time travel time travel time F

time by Darcy's by water in freshwater 9g law balance lens 1 r 1 r 1 r 1r t

Option for retardation h1 hi r r

Calculate Read in retardation retardation from Kd 1 r 1 r

, r Calculate

'g i 7

1r Compare F

tgo g

LPGS values 1 r Print message if relatively small Fgg

' I A

4 Figure 4.1 Flowchart of liquid pathways program NUREG-1054 4-2

l A

1r Enter type of water body i t 1 r 1 r 1 r Set shore radiation Great River Estuary Coastal

-factors a W. A, and B Lakes and bioaccumulation factors 1 r 1 r 1 r I

1 r Enter number of segments 1 r Enter usage rates for each segment 1 r Enter dilution option

@u r

River + lake Estuary Read in sediment salinity dilutions model model 1 r i r 1 r C

1 r Option to change base LPGS parameters

)

1r B

Figure 4.1 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 4-3

I i

B Coastal YES site ?

O Input coastal transport data 1 f Calculate input fish drinking and shellfish water dose harvests 1 f Calculate Calculate fish coastal and shellfish dispersion dose Calculate Calculate fish shoreline and dose shellfish dose Display input population shoreiine dores usage 1 P Calculate OEN shoreline dose 4

Display population doses 1

END Figure 4.1 (Continued) 4.3 Selection of Data for Site-Specific Evaluations Three types of data must be compiled for liquid pathways dose evaluations:

(1) groundwater transport data, e.g., travel time, equilibrium distribution coefficient (2) surface water transport data, e.g.,

flowrates, sedimentation rates, salinity 4

NUREG-1054 4-4

(3) usage data, e.g., drinking water users, shoreline recreations users, fish catch

.,The data needs for the groundwater transport portion of the analysis are the same for all sites.

The surface water transport and usage data are generally different for each type of site.

4.3.1 Groundwater Transport Data There are five options for calculating the groundwater transport passage factor F

in the liquid pathways program.

Each option has different data needs:

gg Groundwater Treatment-Option 1 - The groundwater passage factor F for each gg radionuclide is input directly.

Data Need:

F. for Sr-90, Cs-134, and Cs-137 91 Groundwater Treatmen_t Option 2 - The groundwater travel time T is input directly.

F for each radionuclide is calculated from the retardation coefficient, 91 which is either input directly or calculated from the equilibrium distribu-tion coef ficient k, por sity n,' and bulk density pb" d

Data Needs:

Travel time T, yr, and either (1) retardation coefficients R for Sr and Cs (dimensionless) or d

(2) k - distribution coefficient for Sr and Cs, ml/gm d

pb - bulk density, gm/ml n - total porosity (dimensionless)

Groundwater Treatment Option 3 - Travel time T is calculated by Darcy's law.

Data Needs:

m - slope of water table, ft/ft NUREG-1054-4-5

k - hydraulic conductivity of soil, ft/yr Remainder of data in Option 2 Groundwater Treatment Option 4 - Travel time T is calculated by water balance.

Data Needs:

H - thickness of water-bearing layer at stream, ft L - distance from stream to top of hill (or groundwater divide), ft 2

L - distance from stream to source, ft y

R - recharge rate, ft/yr k - hydraulic conductivity, ft/yr m - slope of. land surface, ft/ft n - effective porosity (dimensionless) e Remainder of data in Option 2 Groundwater Treatment Option 5 - Travel time T is calculated by water balance in freshwater lens.

Data Needs:

n - effective porosity (dimensionless) ek - hydraulic conductivity, ft/yr L - distance from center of island (or groundwater divide) to sea, ft 3

L - distance from source to sea, ft 1R - recharge rate, ft/yr Remainder of data in Option 2 Sources of Groundwater Data Groundwater data should be collected from actual site information whenever possible.

Parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and porosity can be taken from onsite well pumping tests available at most sites.

Aquifer thicknesses and properties of aquifer materials should also be available from drilling logs and are usually presented in Sections 2.4 and 2.5 of the Safety Analysis Report for nuclear power plants.

Retardation data are rarely available at sites, with l

a few exceptions such as Hanford, Washington (WPPSS Nuclear Project, Units 1 I

NUREG-1054 4-6

and 2).

Estimation of retardation must frequently be based on scanty informa-tion.

Hydrogeologic data and equilibrium distribution coefficients for typical materials are presented in Appendix B, but must be generalized for site condi-tions only with extreme caution.

Data on distribution coefficients for cesium and strontium ~for example are given for crushed rock and cannot generally be applied to fractured rock.

Small values of k should be chosen conservatively d

if site data are not certain.

The most conservative assumption is, of course, that R = 1 (n retardation).

d Estimating Recharge Groundwater Treatment Options 4 and 5 require estimates of groundwater recharge to the water table.

Recharge estimates can be made in several ways.

Both simple analytical (Thornthwaite and Mather, 1957) and complicated numerical methods (Gupta et al., 1978) exist to balance precipitation versus evaporation, transpiration from plants, and infiltration.

Estimates of recharge can be made from regional aquifer recharge figures compiled in various local, State, and Federal reports.

Surface water flowing in streams and rivers comes almost entirely from two sources:

surface runoff and groundwater seepage during periods of precipitation or snowmelt, and ground-water seepage alone in fair weather.

The fair-weather river and stream flows, being almost all groundwater, can be used to estimate recharge.

Methods of estimating these flows can be found in standard hydrology references (Chow, 1964).

A method of estimating recharge, which will generally give conservatively high results, is to determine the ratio of annual stream flow Q (fts/yr) and the surface area A f the streams catchment basin (ft )

d R = Q/A ft/yr (28) d This procedure overestimates R because both runoff and base flow are included in Q.

Both flowrate and basin areas can be found in U.S. Geological Survey (1973) regional records.

NUREG-1054 4-7

The most conservative estimate.of recharge is, of course, that R = annual rainfall depth.

Example 6 - Estimating Recharge:

Estimate recharge to the water table from stream gage records in a nearby stream.

i l

Drainage area of basin = 200 mi2 3

Annual average discharge = 101 ft /sec Solution:

The conservative recharge rate calculated from Equation 28 would be mi2 R = 101 f'3/sec, 86,400 sec, 365 days, (5,280 ft)2 = 0.57 ft/yr 200 miz day year 4.3.2 Surface Water Dilution Data There are four surface water body options.

Each option has different data needs.

Surface Water Treatment Option 1 - Read dilutions directly.

Simply input the 3

reciprocal of effective flowrate in each section of the water body, sec/ft.

Data Need:

q. - flowrate leaving each section, fta/sec J

Surface Water Treatment Option 2 - Calculate nuclide-specific dilution from sedi.nent load data in rivers, lakes, or estuaries.

Data Needs:

For each segment:

qk - flowrate leaving each segment, fta/sec V.

- volume of segment,'fta J

d

- average depth of segment, ft yj d ) - average sediment depth, ft p

NUREG-1054 4-8

. - - =

For~ all-segments together:

k - sediment radionuclide distribution coefficient, ml/gm d

k - direct transfer factor, ft/yr g

c - sediment efficiency adjustment factor (dimensionless) p - sediment density, gm/ml v - sedimentation rate, ft/yr Surface Water Treatment Option 3 - Calculate dilution in estuary from freshwater flow and salinity profile.

Data Needs:

5 seawater salinity, parts per thousand 3

For each segment:

q) - freshwater flowing through segment (total of upstream flow and local input).

3 ft /sec S) - salinity in center of segment, parts per thousand Surface Water Treatment Option 4 - Use coastal model.

Data Needs:

U - drift current parallel to shore, m/ day b - effective water depth, m N - number of offshore regions for seafood catch dx - length of longshore increment, km nx - number of longshore increments Estimating Flowrates For Surface Water Treatment Options 1 and 2, the flowrate chosen should be the reciprocal average flowrate rather than the annual average flowrate.

In many cases, the annual average flowrate seriously overestimates the dilution and is not conservative.

The reciprocal average flowrate is defined as NUREG-1054 4-9 o

l Md R=gd (i=1 1 )4 (29) y q

91 where M = number of days in the record d

gj = daily flowrate for day i The reciprocal average flowrate emphasizes drought flows and is more representa-tive of long-term average dilution than the arithmetic mean flowrate, which emphasizes flood flows. Appendix A gives operating instructions for the FLOWAV computer program, which uses the U.S. Geological Survey's WATSTORE hydrologic R

data base system to calculate q from daily flowrates.

Estimating Characteristics of Sediment Sedimentation data for the Surface Water Treatment Option 2 surface water model were gathered from literature values.

Ranges of values typical of various water bodies and references are given in Table 4.1.

Neglecting sediment effects would lead to conservative dose predictions.

Sediment coefficients for the LPGS small-river case were taken from extensive studies of the Clinch and Tennessee Rivers for which real data were available (0ak Ridge National Laboratory, 1967; personal communication from U.S. Geologi-cal Survey).

Sedimentation rate v was derived by dividing the annual estimated sediment load in each segment by the surface area of that segment.

The sedi-ment effectiveness factor e = 0.1 was adjusted to give the best fit of sediment concentration between the model and prototype data.

These data are presented in the LPGS small-river base case given in Section 5.

4.3.'3 Pathway Usage Rates Usage rates for the three pathways, drinking water, aquatic food consumption, and shoreline exposure, are required for each run.

Most of this information is available in the Safety Analysis Report and Environmental Report for the site.

Section 4.3 and Appendix D of the LPGS give generic values for fish consumption used in the study and the bases for choosing these values.

NUREG-1054 4-10

J Table 4.1 Literature values of sediment properties Water body Parameter or case Range Reference v - sedimen-River 0.61-1.28 cm/yr (Clinch USGS, 1977 tation rate and Tennessee Rivers)

Estuary 2.6 cm/yr (Monsweage Bay)

Churchill, 1976 0.5-0.8 cm/yr (Chesapeake Schubel, 1969 Bay)

Lake 0.03-0.08 cm/yr (Great Lerman, 1971; Lakes and other lakes)

Lerman and Brunskill, 1971; Lerman and Taniguchi, 1971 d - sedimen-LPGS river, lake, 10 cm

-tation depth estuary cases Lake 8-11 cm (Great Lakes)

Lerman, 1971; Churchill, 1976 Estuary 10 cm k - direct 0.4 m/yr Lerman and tbansfer Brunskill, 1971; Booth, 1975 k

LPGS estuary Sr, 350 ml/gm Duursma and d

case Cs, 500 ml/gm Gross, 1971; Duursma, 1973; Nishiwaki, 1973; Booth, 1975; Churchill, 1976; Seymour, 1977; Onishi, 1981 LPGS river case Sr, 1,200 ml/gm ORNL, 1967; Cs, 42,500 ml/gm Booth, 1975 LPGS Great Lakes Sr, 1,200 ml/gm Booth, 1975 case Cs, 13,500 ml/gm c - sediment LPGS small river 0.1 Based on fit to efficiency case data in Clinch River LPGS Great Lakes 1.0 GRNL, 1967 case NUREG-1054 4-11

i i

The direct exposure pathway was~ estimated from average usage per unit surface area of:the water body and is also presented in Section 4.3 and Appendix D of-the LPGS.

Drinking water use in the LPGS is presented as the average number of users as a function of distance downstream from the plant.

Table 4.3.1 of the LPGS presents the river and stream average water usages.

The number of drinking water users on the Great Lakes is tabulated in Table 4.3.3 of the LPGS.

Table 4.2 summarizes the pathway usage rates analyzed in the LPGS.

Values for usage presented in this table should be used for the site only in cases where necessary site-specific data are lacking.

4.3.4 Data Worksheet As an aid in running the program,'a detailed worksheet is provided in F_igure 4.2.

This worksheet should be completed with the necessary data for the chosen options and will assist the user in preparing inputs for the program at run time.

l NUREG-1054 4-12 U

.. -. ~ _ -

Table 4.2 Liquid pathway usage rates used in LPGS i

Liquid pathway usage and i

-location-

-Value Drinking Waterl River sites, km from site 0-16 4,300 users i

16-32 28,000 users i

32-80 45,000 users

~80-160 67,000 users 160-320 110,000 users

.320-640 260,000 users 640-1300 100,000 users Great Lakes Lake Superior 0.26 x 108 users e

Lake Michigan 11 x 108 users Lake Huron 0.71 x 108 users Lake Erie 9.5 x 108 users J

Lake Ontario 1.9 x 108 users b

Seafood Consumption 2 Rivers Recreational finfish 4.5 kg/ha/yr (4 lb/ acre /yr)

Comercial finfish 2.3 kg/ha/yr (2 lb/ acre /yr )

Shellfish 0

Lakes Recreational finfish 5.6 kg/ha/yr (5 lb/ acre /yr) l Commercial finfish 0.6 kg/ha/yr (0.5 lb/ acre /yr)

Estuaries i

Recreational finfish 93 kg/ha/yr Comercial finfish 11 kg/ha/yr 4

Recreational shellfish 22 kg/ha/yr l-Comercial shellfish 29 kg/ha/yr j

Coastal sites 0-5 km off shore l

Commercial 70 kg/ha/yr Recreational 49 kg/ha/yr 5-19 km off shore Commercial 7.3 kg/ha/yr Recreational 0

i 19-80 km off shore Comercial 1.1 kg/ha/yr Recreational 0

Direct Exposure Rivers 1 user-hr/ha-day (0.5 user-hr/(water) acre day)

Lakes 0.5 user-br/ha-day (0.25 user-hr/(water) acre day)

Estuaries 1 t'eer-hr/ha-day (0.5 user-br/(water) acre day)

Coastal sites 68,750 user-hr/yr/ linear kilometer of beach tRivers and lakes only.

20n basis of water surface area.

NUREG-1054 4-13 s

i A.

-Title of run #, to 60. characters B.

Groundwater transport options (all sites)

(1 = enter groundwater transmittal directly, 2 = enter travel time, 3 =

Darcy's law, 4 = water balance, 5 = freshwater lens)

Groundwater Treatment Option 1 (enter groundwater transmittal factors) a.

Sr-90 =

b.

Cs-134 =

c.

Cs-137 =

Groundwater Treatment Option 2 (enter travel time)

T=

yr Groundwater Treatment Option 3 (Darcy's law) l i

a.

Distance from source to sink =

ft L

l b.

Hydraulic conductivity =

ft/yr I

c.

Effective porosity =

d.

Slope =

ft/ft Groundwater Treatment Option 4 - Recharge to Water Table a.

Distance from top of hill to sink =

ft b.

Distance from source to sink =

ft c.

Thickness of saturated layer at sink =

ft 3

2 d.

Recharge to water table =

(f t /yr)/f t Figure 4.2 Data worksheet for liquid pathways program NUREG-1054 4-14

3-:

3

~

3..

p

e M

> cs.

^.;

1. 't;.,

s r*

^-

.q:-

s s

s

~

e.

1 Hydraulic conductivity =-

'ft/yr.

j-wt M

Ef.

51 ope":'of land =

w s.f,t/ft (must:be. greater thah zero),

'~

'~

g.

Ef fecti ve.'po'ros i t'y'=

. C.

For~GroundwaterTreatment'bp'tions2,3,4,and5only

.0ption for inputting or calculating: retardation s

'(1 = input R,12-= calculate:R )

d d

1.

Input-Rd a.

Sr =

b.

.Cs =

'\\

2.

Calculate Rd a.

K f r Sr =

ml/gm d

b.

K f r Cs =

ml/gm d

c.

Soil bulk density =

gm/ml d.

Total porosity of soil =

0.

Type of water body (1 = river, 2 = Great Lake, 3 = estuary, 4 =-coastal)

-E.

Number of segments-in water body, up to 30 (river, Great Lakes, or estuary cases only)

F.

For each segment (river, Great Lakes, and estuary only)

Figure 4.2 (Continued)

NUREG-1054.

4-15

Drinking water, Finfish

-Shellfish Shoreline, Segment users catch, Ib catch, lb user-hours

'l.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

G.

Surface water dilution option for rivers, Great Lakes, and estuaries only (1 = read in dilution, 2 = sediment model, 3 = estuary salinity model)

Surface Water Treatment Option 1 (read in dilutions) - up to 30 segments Segment Dilution, sec/ft3 1.

2.

-3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Figure 4.2 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 16

J Surface'Wat'er' Treatment Option 2 (sediment model) a.

k I r Sr =

ml/gm d,-

b.

k f r Cs =

ml/gm d

c.-

kf (was 1.3 ft/yr in LPGS) =

ft/yr d.

e (was 0.1 for LPGS river, 1.0 for LPGS lake) =

e.

Sediment depth'(was_0.33 ft in LPGS river and lake) =

ft f.

Sediment density (was 2.0 gm/ml) =

gm/ml g.

For each river segment up to 30 segments, enter:

Flowrate Sedimentation 3

Segment leaving, ft /sec Volume,* fta Depth, ft rate ft/yr j

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

4 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Surface Water Treatment Option 3 (salinity model)_

a.

Seawater salinity =

ppt b.

For each segment up to 30 segments, enter:

• Between upstream and downstream limits of segment at mean river stage

_ Figure 4.2 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 4-17

3 Segment Salinity, ppt Freshwater throughput, ft /sec 1.

2.

3.

-4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

H.

Change basic data used in LPGS case?

(all sites - optional)

-(l' = bioaccumulation factors, 2 = core inventory, 3 = sump release fractions, 4 = water treatment factors, 5 = edible fish. portion, 6 = no more' changes) 1.

Bioaccumulation factors for Sr =

and Cs =

(default values:

Sr = 5, Cs = 400 freshwater, Sr = 2, Cs = 40 saltwater) 2.

Core inventory for Sr-90 =

Ci (default = 6.1 x 108 Ci)

Cs-134 =

Ci (default = 2.1 x 107 Ci) 4 Cs-137 =

Ci (default = 8.6 x 106 Ci) 3.

Sump water release fra'ctions for Sr-90 =

(default = 0.24)

Cs-134 =

(default = 1.0)

Cs-137 =

(default = 1.0)

Figure 4.2 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 4-18

o V'

4.

. Water treatment factors '(freshwater sites only) for Sr =

.and Cs =

(default ='0.2--for Sr, 0.9 for Cs)

5.

. Edible; fish. portion =

(default =-0.5) 6.

No more changes

-I.

. Coastal-dispersion model only Ns 1.

Drift current parallel to shore (used 4,320 m/ day in LPGS) =

m/ day 2.

' Effective depth (used 10 m in LPGS) =

m 3.

Number of offshore regions =

4.

For each region (up to 10 regions):

Finfish catch, Shellfish catch, Region Width, km ko/ha/yr kg/ha/yr 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

5.

Number of longshore increments =

(up to 200)

(typically 200) 6.

- Length of each longshore increment =

km (typically 1-km) 7.

Shoreline use =

user-hr/ linear kilometer of beach /yr

. (was 68,760 user-hr/ linear kilometer /yr in LPGS)

Figure 4.2 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 4-19 j

5 BASE CASE EXAMPLES In this section, the liquid pathways program will be rerun for the base cases presented in the LPGS (NUREG-0440).

The purpose of these runs is twofold:

(1) The capabilities of the program will be demonstrated for typical cases.

(2) The surrogate population doses for the LPGS cases will be determined by comparison with other cases for which the program will be run.

5.1 Groundwater Transport - All Cases For all land-based sites in the LPGS except the dry site, the travel time for groundwater between the reactor and the surface water was 0.61 yr.

The retarda-tion factors R were 9.2 for strontium and 83 for cesium.

Groundwater Treatment d

Option 2 will therefore be used in all cases.

5.2 Large-River Site The large-river site is assumed to include a 100-mi reach of a river patterned after the Mississippi River.

Usage rates for the.-iver are 100,000 drinking water users and 150,000 lb round weight (as caught) of fish catch per year, of which 50% is considered edible.

No shellfish catch sas considered.

Shoreline

't usage is estimated to be 4.6 million user-hr/yr (Section 4.3.3.1, NUREG-0440).

The flowrate for dilution in the river taken from Table 4.2.1 of the LPGS is 490,200 fta/sec.

The run is set up in one section because no space-dependent data are given.

The river segment is 2,100 ft wide and 100 mi long.

No sedimentation is assumed.

Depth for this segment was not given, but assuming a nominal 30-ft depth, the volume of the segment would be 3.3 x 1010 ft.

The residence time of water in 3

l

.NUREG-1054 5-1

1; f i

Ethe. segment,lV/q=0.82 day,isfar.smallerthanthehalf-livesoftheradio-

.nuclides evaluated.

In this case, the dilutions can-be calculated directly

~

from the flowrate:

Dilution = 1/Q = 2.14 x 10 s i

)

.and are the same for Sr-90, Cs-134, and Cs-137.

g-LThe inputs and' outputs of the program are shown in Figure 5.1.

5.3 Small-River Site-i

)

Th'e river model is based on the Clinch-Tennessee-0hio Mississippi. River system for hydr'ologic properties, 'but usage rates are generic values l compiled from 1

average usage aates for U.S. rivers.

Data inputs for running the computer program are presented in Table 5.1.

i-In the original LPGS, the river system was considered to be a series of reser-

+

voirs(in the Clinch and Tennessee River segments in which sediment scavenging plays an_ active role in reducing concentrations.

In the Ohio and Mississippi River segments, sediment scavenging was not considered to be important.

The present model evaluates the river in 13 segments, using the river model I

with sediment (Surface Water Treatment Option 2).

Parameters for the Tennessee River portions of the model were determined from U.S. Department of tgriculture references (Dendy and Champion, 1973), since the sediment effects depend on

-these parameters.

In the Ohio and Mississippi River segments, however, sediment j

effects were assumed to be unimportant; therefore, no accurate determination f-I' of river dimensions was necessary.

i

.The-original-LPGS evaluation was based on flowrates that were taken from a single year-of flowrate data, and chosen to fall between the arithmetic mean and the reciprocal mean flow.

All hydrologic parameters for the small-river site are given in Table 5.1.

V 5-2 NUREG-1054 -

. _ - - -.. ~ -. -...., -, -,

.~.-.. -.

LIQUID PATHWAY PROGRAM US NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION R CODELL NOV 4,1983 ENTER NAME OF SITE AND TITLE

? LPGS LARGE RIVER BASE CASE GROUNDWATER TREATMENT OPTIONS

1. ENTER GR.WTR TRANSHITTAL FACTORS FOR SR90,CS134,CS137

2. ENTER TRAVEL-TIME THROUGH GROUND

3. CALC TRAVEL TINE FROM DARCYS LAW

4. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM RECHARGE TO WATER TABLE

5. CALC TRAVEL TIME IN FRESHWATER LENS FOR COASTAL ENVIRONMENT ENTER OPTION NUMBER

?2 INPUT TRAVEL TIME FOR GROUNDWATER, YRS 7 0.61 ENTER 1 TO INPUT RD FACTORS ENTER 2 TO CALC RD FACTORS T1 INPUT RD FOR SR AND CS

? 9.2,83 GROUNDVATER PASSAGE FACTORS SR90 =

.87802 CS134 =

1.1807E-07 CS137 =

.31164 GRNDWATER TRANSMISSION FACTORS FOR LPGS WERE SR90 =.87802 CS134 = 1.1897E-7 CS137 =.31164 RATIO OF PRESENT SITE GROUNDWATER TRAMSMITTAL FACTORS TO LPGS'S SR90 =

1 CS134 =

.999997 CS137 =

.999993 ENTER TYPE OF WATER BODY:

1. RIVER

2. GREAT LAKES

3. ESTUARY 4.CDASTAL 71 ENTER NUMBER OF SEGMENTS IN WATER BODY

?1 ENTER NUMBER OF DRINNING WATER USERS, FINFISH CATCH, POUNDS, SHELLFISH CATCH, POUNDS AND SHORELINE USER HOURS IN EACH GEGMENT SEGMENT 1 7 100000,150000,0,4.6E6 Figure 5.1 LPGS large-river base case NUREG-1054 5-3

DILUTION FACTOR OPTIONS

11. READ IN DILUTIONS

2. CALCULATE NUCLIDE SPECIFIC DIL FROM SED LOADS IN RIVER OR LAKES

3. CALC DILUTIONS ~FROM SALINITY PROFILE IN ESTUARY.

ENTER OPTION NUMBER

.? 1 ENTER DILUT.FOR-SR90,CS134rCS137 IN EACH SEG

-SEGMENT 1 ? 2.04E-6t2.04E-6,2.04E-6 CHANGE LPGS BASE PARAMETERS?

CHANGE:

'1.BI0 ACCUMULATION FACTORS i

2. CORE INVENTORY-

3. SUMP RELEASE FRACTION

4. WATER TREATNENT FACTOR

5. EDIBLE FISH PORTION 6.NO MORE CHANGES SELECT OPTION NUMBER 76 CALCULATED POPULATION DOSES DRINKING WATER DOSE, PERSON REMS i

SR90 =

79709.9 CS134 =

4.50552E-02 l

CS137 =

28737.7 TOT DRINK WTR DOSE =

100528 PERSON REMS AQUATIC FOOD INGESTION DOSE IN PERSON REMS SR90 =

923.153 9.26719E-03 CS134 =

CS137 =

5910.91 TOTAL FISH INGESTION DOSE =

6034.00 PERSON REMS SHORELINE EXPOSURE DOSE, PERSON REMS SR90 =

0 CS134 =

2.3804?E-03 CS137 =

7457.13 TOTAL-SHORELINE EXPOSURE '

7457.13 PERSON REMS TOTAL POPULATION-DOSE FOR'LPGC COMPARISDN =

122819 PERSON REMS STOP at 02760 Figure 5.1 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 5 --

me

-Table 5.1 Physical parameters for stall-rivsr sits 55 5

Q, v,*

Es flowrate V,

d, sediment Drinking Finfish

leaving, volume, average

velocity, water

catch, Shoreline, 3

Segment name ft /sec ft3 depth, ft ft/yr users lb/yr user-br/yr White Oak Creek to mouth of Clinch River 1,761 6.14E8**

30.41 0.035 4,300 2.8E3 6.38E4 Watts Bar Lake 26,385 2.58E10 30.41 0.035 28,000 2.36ES 5.77E6 Chicamauga Lake 32,573 2.15E10 21.03 0.042 102,000 2.14E5 5.22E6 Hales Bar Lake 34,247 6.5E9 21.03 0.042 61,000 0

0 Guntersville Lake 40,000 4.66E10 15.81 0.0249 194,000 4.11ES 1.0E7 Wheeler Lake 45,045 4.63E10 15.81 0.02 161,000 4.07E5 9.93E6 Wilson Lake 46,512 2.83E10 42.13 0.035 15,000 9.39ES 2.28E6 Pickwick Lake 50,000 4.84E10 25.82 0.026 70,000 2.61E5 6.35E6 Kentucky Lake 58,824 1.24E11 12.62 0.036 105,000

-9.71ES 2.37E7 u,

ui Kentucky Dam to Ohio River Junction 58,824 7.98E9 33 0

5,000 3.37E4 8.26E5 Ohio River Junction to Memphis 176,991 3.03E9 33 0

5,000 1.28E4 5.57E4 Memphis to Vicksburg 393,701 8.09E10 33 0

50,000 3.43E5 8.36E6 Below Vicksburg 490,196 6.71E10 33 0

45,000 2.84E5 6.94E6

• Calculated as the average sediment accumulation in water body, ft3/yr, divided by the water body surface area, ft2,

• • 6.14E8 = 6.14 x 108, etc.

NOTE:

Other parameters are:

k

, 00 for Sr;.k

, 00 for Cs; k = 1.3 ft/yr; sediment depth d = 0.33 ft; sediment

=

d d

f 2

efficiency c = 0.1

c Usage Rate Usage rates for the small-river site are generic values based on averages for U.S. rivers.

Drinking water use is given in the LPGS as a function of down-stream distance from the site.

Aquatic food harvest is given in the LPGS as a function of surface area and is a total of 2.55 x 108 lb round weight (of which 50% is edible) distributed according to the surface area of the various reaches of the water body.

No shellfish catch was considered in this case.

Shoreline usage is based on the reservoir surface area and-a generic usage rate of 1 user-hr/ha-day /yr, and is presented.in Table 5.1 for the reservoir segments.

The output for this case is shown in Figure 5.2.

5.4 Great Lakes Site The Great Lakes site in the LPGS was modeled taking near-shore dispersion as well as mixing throughout the entire lake into account.

The study found, how-ever, that the largest contribution to population dose resulted from long-term concentration uniformly distributed throughout the lake, which is adequately expressed by the mixed tank-reservoir model incorporated in the present model.

The LPGS lake site is patterned after Lake Ontario, which is the last lake in the series of the five Great Lakes.

Hydrologic and water-use parameters for this model are given in Table 5.2.

Because the LPGS lake (Lake Ontario) is the last lake in the series, the model is set up for a single segment.

The output for this case is shown in Figure 5.3.

It should be noted that if any of the other Great Lakes were to be evaluated, the model should be set up with more than one segment to consider the lakes that are downstream in the series.

NUREG-1054 5-6 L

LIQUID PATHWAY PROGRAM US~ NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION R CODELL NOV 4,1983 ENTER NAME OF SITE AND TITLE 7 LPGS SMALL RIVER BASE CASE GROUNDWATER TREATMENT OPTIONS

1. ENTER GR.WTR TRANSMITTAL FACTORS FOR SR90,CS134,CS137

2. ENTER TRAVEL TIME THROUGH GROUND

3. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM DARCYS LAW

4. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM RECHARGE TO WATER TABLE

5. CALC TRAVEL TIME IN FRESHWATER LENS FOR COASTAL ENVIRONMENT ENTER OPTION NUMBER 72 INPUT TRAVEL TIME FOR GROUNDWATER, YRS

?.61 ENTER 1 TO INPUT RD FACTORS ENTER 2 TO CALC RD FACTORS

?1 INPUT RD FOR SR AND CS 7 9.2,83 GROUNDWATER PASSAGE FACTORS SR90 =

.87802 CS134 =

1.1807E-07 CS137 =

.31164 GRNDWATER TRANSMISSION FACTORS FOR LPGS WERE SR90 =.87802 CS134 = 1.1077E-7 CS137 =.31164 RATIO OF PRESENT SITE GROUNDWATER TRANSMITTAL FACTORS TO LPGS'S SR70 =

1 CS134 =

.999997 CS137 =

.999998 Figure 5.2 LPGS small-river base case i

NUREG-1054 5-7

4 e

ENTER. TYPE OF-WATER BODY:

1. RIVER

2. GREAT LAKES

-3. ESTUARY

4. COASTAL

-71^

ENTER' NUMBER OF SEGMENTS IN WATER BODY 7 13 ENTER NUMBER OF DRINKING WATER USERS, FINFISH CATCHe POUNDS, SHELLFISH CATCH, POUNDS AND SHORELINE USER HOURS IN EACH SEGMENT SEGMENT 1 7 4300,2800,0,6.38E4 1-SEGMENT 2 7 28000,2 36ES,0,5.77E6 SEGMENT 3 7 102000,2.14ES,0,5.22E6 SEGMENT 4 ? 61000,0,0,0 SEGMENT 5 7 194000,4.11E5,0,1.0E7 SEGMENT 6 7 161000,4.07E5,0,9.93E6 SEGHENT 7 7 15000,9.39ES,0r2.29E6 4

SEGMENT 8 7 70000,2 61E5,0,6.35E6 SEGMENT 9 7 105000,9 71E5,0,2.37E7 SEGMENT 10 7 5000,3.37E4,0r8.26E5 SEGMENT 11 7 5000,1.28E4,0r5.57E4 l

SEGMENT 12 7 50000,3.43E5,0 8.36E6 SEGMENT 13 7 45000,2 84E5,0,6.94E6 DILUTION FACTOR OPTIONS

1. READ IN DILUTIONS

2. CALCULATE NUCLIDE SPECIFIC DIL i

FROM SED LOADS IN RIVER OR LAKES

)

3. CALC DILUTIONS FRUM SALINITY 4

PROFILE IN ESTUARY I

ENTER OPTION NUMBER

?2 ENTER KD FOR SR AND CS IN SED,ML/GM 7 1200,42500 ENTER-KF COEFFICIENT (WAS 1.3 FT/YR IN LPGS) 7 1.3 ENTER SED EFFICIENCY 7 0.1 ENTER SEDIMENT DEPTH IN RESERVOIR SEGMENTS,FT l-7.33 ENTER SEDIMENT DENSITYrGM/CC 72 Figure 5.2 (Continued) i 1

t NUREG-1054 5-8

FOR EACH RIVER SEGNENT, ENTER:

1.FLOWRATE LEAVING SEG CU FT/SEC

2. VOLUME OF SEGMENT,CU FT 3.AV DEPTH FT

4. SEDIMENTATION VEL. FT/YR SEG. 1 7 1761,6.14E8,30.41,.035 SEG. 2 7 26385,2.58E10,30.41,.035 SEG. 3 7 32573,2.15E10,21.03,.042 SEG. 4 7 34247,6.5E9,21.03,.042 SEG. 5 7 40000,4.66E10,15.81,.0249 SEG. 6 7 45045,4.63E10,15.81,.02 SEG. 7 7 46512,2.83E10,42.13,.035 SEG. 8 7 50000,4.84E10,25.82,.026 SEG. 9 7 58824,1.24E11,12.62,.036 SEG. 10 7 58824,7 98E9,33,0 SEG. 11 7 176991,3.03E9,33,0 SEG. 12 7 393701,0.09E10,33,0 i

SEG. 13 7 490196,6.71E10,33,0 EFFECTIVE DILUTIONS,SEC/FT"3 SEO SR90 CS134 CS137 1

5.65811E-04 5.10618E-04 5.12166E-04 2

3.73842E-05 2.59203E-05 2.61949E-05 3

2.99433E-05 1.54075E-05 1.56408E-05 4

2.83873E-05 1.32688E-05 1.34926E-05 5

2.38984E-05 7.52771E-06 7.71329E-06 l

6 2.09564E-05 4.90303E-06 5.0o114E-06 7

2.02009E-05 4.15469E-06 4.31056E-06 8

1.86199E-05 3.03387E-06 3.17089E-06 l

9 1.50476E-05 9.73676E-07 1.02590E-06 l

10 1.50437E-05 9.72193E-07 1.02571E-06 l

11 4.99971E-06 3.23052E-07 3.40888E-07 l

12 2.24677E-06 1.44096E-07 1.53107E-07 l

13 1.80403E-06 1.16194E-07 1.22999E-07 l

CHANGE LPOS BASE PARAMETERS 7 CHANGEi 1.BI0 ACCUMULATION FACTORS

2. CORE INVENTORY

3. SUMP RELEASE FRACTION

4. WATER TREATHENT FACTOR I

5. EDIBLE FISH PORTION l

6.NO NORE CHANGES l

SELECT OPTION NUNDER 76 Figure 5.2 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 5-9

CALCULATED POPULATION DOSES DRINKING WATER DOSE, PERSON REMS SR90 =

7.72711E+06 CS134 =

1.75544 CS137 =

1.13821E+06 TOT DRINK WTR DOSE =

8.86532E+06 PERSON REMS AQUATIC FOOD INGESTION DOSE IN PERSON REMS SR90 =

227651 CS134 =

.656989 CS137 =

428659 TOTAL FISH INGESTION DOSE =

656310 PERSON REMS SHORELINE EXPOSURE DOSErPERSON REMS SR90 =

0 CS134 =

.112312 CS137 =

357740 TOTAL SHORELINE EXPOSURE =

357740 PERSON REMS TOTAL POPULATION DOSE FOR LPGS COMPARISDN =

9.07937E+06 PERSON REMS STOP at 02760 Figure 5.2 (Continued)

Table 5.2 Hydrologic and water-use parameters for LPG 5 Great Lakes site Parameter Value volume V 5.78 x 1018 ft8 Flowrate Q 2.34 x 108 ft /sec 8

Sediment velocity v*

1.64 x 10 8 ft/yr Sediment density 2 ge/mi k for $r 1.200 ml/gm d

"d for Cs 13,500 at/gm Lake depth d 98.4 ft g

Sediment depth d 0.33 ft 2

Direct transfer coefficient k 1.31 ft/yr g

Sediment efficiency c

1. 0 Orinking water users 2.0 x 10*

Aquatic food catch Finfish only, round weight alive 2.75 x 10' lb Shoreline usage 4.4 x los user-hr/yr

• Calculated as the increase in sediment depth per year.

NUREG-1054 5-10 l

r-LIQUID PATHWAY PROGRAM US NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION R CODELL NOU 4,1983 ENTER NAME OF SITE AND TITLE 7 LPGS GREAT LAKES BASE CASE GROUNDWATER TREATMENT OPTIONS

1. ENTER GR.WTR TRANSMITTAL FACTORS FOR SR90,CS134,CS137

2. ENTER TRAVEL TIME THROUGH GROUND

3. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM DARCYS LAW

4. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM RECHARGE TO WATER TABLE l

5. CALC TRAVEL TIME IN FRESHWATER l

LENS FOR COASTAL ENVIRONMENT ENTER OPTION NUMBER l

72 INPUT TRAVEL TIME FOR GROUNDWATER, YRS

?.61 ENTER 1 TO INPUT RD FACTORS ENTER 2 TO CALC RD FACTORS

?1 INPUT RD FOR SR AND CS T 9.2,83 GROUNDWATER PASSAGE FACTORS j

SR90 =

.87002 j

CS134 =

1.1007E-07.

l CS137 =

.31164 l

GRNDWATER TRANSMISSION FACTORS l

FOR LPGS WERE SR90 =.87802 CS134 = 1.1097E-7 CS137 =.31164 RATIO OF PRESENT SITE GROUNDWATER TRANSHITTAL FACTORS TO LPGS'S SR90 =

1 l

CS134 =

.999997 CS137 =

.999990 l

Figure 5.3 LPGS Great Lakes base case NUREG-1054 5-11 l

i l

)

ENTER TYPE OF WATER: BODY:

1. RIVER

2. GREAT ~ LAKES

3. ESTUARY

4. COASTAL

?.2 ENTER NUMBER OF-SEGMENTS IN WATER BODY s7 1

. ENTER NUMBER OF. DRINKING WATER USERS, FINFISH CATCH, POUNDS, SHELLFISH CATCH, POUNDS AND SHORELINE USER HOURS IN EACH SEGMENT SEGMENT 1 7.2.0E6,2 75E7,0,4.4E8 4

DILUTION FACTOR OPTIONS E

1. READ IN DILUTIONS

2. CALCULATE NUCLIDE SPECIFIC DIL FROM SED LOADS IN RIVER OR LAKES

3. CALC DILUTIONS FROM SALINITY PROFILE IN ESTUARY ENTER OPTION NUMBER 12 ENTER KD FOR SR AND CS IN SED,HL/GM i

7 1200,13500 ENTER KF COEFFICIENT (WAS 1.3 FT/YR IN LPGS)

}

7 1.3 1

ENTFR SED EFFICIENCY T1

^

Eb'iER SEDIMENT DEPTH IN RESERVOIR SEGMENTS,FT 7.33 ENTER SEDIMENT DENSITY,0M/CC 72 FOR EACH RIVER SEGMENT, ENTER:

1.FLOWRATE LEAVING SEG CU FT/SEC 1

2. VOLUME OF SEGMENT,CU FT 3.AV DEPTH FT

4. SEDIMENTATION VEL. FT/YR SEO. 1 7 2 34E5,5.78E13,98.4,1.64E-3 EFFECTIVE DILUTIONS,SEC/FT"3 i

SEO SR90 CG134 CS137 1

2.71268E-06 6.02385E-07

'O.92227E-07 Figure 5.3 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 5-12 t

CHANGE LPGS BASE PARAMETERS 7 CHANGE:

l 1.BI0 ACCUMULATION FACTORS

2. CORE INVENTORY

3. SUMP RELEASE FRACTION

4. WATER TREATMENT FACTOR

5. EDIBLE FISH PORTION 6.NO HORE CHANGES SELECT OPTION NUMBER 76 CALCULATED POPULATION DOSES DRINKING WATER DOSER PERSON RENS SR90 =

2.12201E+06 CS134 =

.266004 CS137 =

251378 TOT DRINK WTR DOSE =

2.37339Ef06 PERSON REMS AGUATIC FOOD INGESTION DOSE IN PERSON RENS SR90 =

225053 CS134 =

.501600 CS137 =

473960 TOTAL FISH INGESTION DOSE =

699013 PERSON RENS SHORELINE EXPOSURE DOSE, PERSON RENS SR90 =

0 CS134 =

.101191 CS137 =

467954 TOTAL SHORELINE EXPOSURE =

467954 PERSON RENS TOTAL. POPULATION DOSE FOR LPOS COMPARISON =

3.5403SE106 PERSON RENS STOP at 02760 Figure 5.3 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 5-13

5.5 Estuary Site The LPGS estuary sit'e was loosely patterned after the Delaware River and used

.a model that accounted for the interaction of sediment.

The study concluded

~

that sediment effects in the estuary site were not large.

'The present computer program does not incorporate the original LPGS model because the staff now concludes that it was. unrealistic.

The original LPGS model probably underestimated shoreline and swimming population dose because s-of the assumption that the water and sediment were in equilibrium at all times.

This assumption did not affect the dose calculations for aquatic food dose as severely because it also increased the residence time.

The models of choice for evaluating surface water transport and dilution are Surface Water Treatment Options 2 or 3 of the computer program.

Surface Water Treatment Option 2 treats surface water transport in the estuary as if it were a river with sediment scavenging, but coefficients for the estuary case would probably be different from those for a river.

Surface Water Treatment Option 3 calculates dilution in estuaries on the basis of observed salinity profiles and does not consider sediment scavenging.

The LPGS base estuary case will be evaluated using Surface Water Treatment Option 2, using one segment and the parameters of the original LPGS evaluation, which are presented in Table 5.3.

Output of this run is shown in Figure 5.4.

Data used in this evaluation are taken from Table 4.1.

I

5. 6 Coastal Site The coastal site case was set up and run as presented in'0ffshore Power Systems Topical Report 22A60, Revision 1.

Input parameters for this case are given in Table 5.4.. Output for this case is presented in Figure 5.5.

No shellfish catch l

was assumed.

NUREG-1054 5-14

Table 5.3 Parameters.for LPGS estuary site Parameter Value Flowrate Q 13,000 ft /sec 3

Volume V 1.1 x 1012 ft3 Cross section A 160,000 ft2 Effective water depth d 33 ft y

Effective sediment depth d 0.33 ft 2

Sedimentation velocity v 0.025 ft/yr Sediment density p 2 gm/ml k f r Sr 350 ml/gm d

k f r Cs 500 ml/gm d

Aquatic food catch

• Finfish 2.33 x 107 lb Shellfish' 1.12 x 107 lb Shore usage 2.6 x 108 user-br/yr Sediment efficiency c 1.0

• Bioaccumulation factors for saltwater apply.

50%

edible portion.

i NUREG-1054 5-15

LIQUID PATHWAY PROGRAM US NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION R CODELL NOV 4,1983 ENTER'NAME OF SITE AND TITLE 7 LPGS ESTUARY BASE CASE GROUNDWATER TREATMENT OPTIONS

1. ENTER GR.WTR TRANSMITTAL FACTORS FOR SR90,CS134,CS137

2. ENTER TRAVEL TIME THROUGH GROUND

3. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM DARCYS LAW

4. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM RECHARGE TO WATER TABLE

5. CALC TRAVEL TIME IN FRESHWATER LENS FOR COASTAL ENVIRONMENT ENTER OPTION NUMBER 72 INPUT TRAVEL TIME FOR GROUNDWATER, YRS 7.61 ENTER 1 TO INPUT RD FACTORS ENTER 2 TO CALC RD FACTORS 71 INPUT RD FOR SR AND CS

? 9.2,83 GROUNDWATER PASSAGE FACTORS SR90 =

.87802 CS134 =

1.1807E-07 CS137 =

.31164 GRNDWATER TRANSMISSION FACTORS FOR LPOS WERE SR90 =.87002 CS134 = 1.1997E-7 CS137'=.31164 RATIO OF PRESENT SITE GROUNDWATER TRANSMITTAL FACTORS TO LPGS'S SR90 =

1 CS134 =

.999997 CS137 =

.999998 Figure 5.4 LPGS estuary base case NUREG-1054 5-16

ENTER TYPE.0F WATER BODY:

-1. RIVER

2. GREAT LAKES

3. ESTUARY

4. COASTAL

?3 ENTER NUMBER OF SEGMENTS IN WATER BODY T'1 ENTER NUMBER OF DRINKING WATER USERS, FINFISH CATCH, POUNDS, SHELLFISH CATCH, POUNDS

'AND SHORELINE USER HOURS IN EACH SEGMENT SEGMENT 1 7 0,2 33E7,1.12E7,2.6E7 DILUTION FACTOR OPTIONS

1. READ IN DILUTIONS

2. CALCULATE NUCLIDE SPECIFIC DIL FROM SED LOADS IN RIVER OR LAKES

3. CALC DILUTIONS FROM SALINITY PROFILE IN ESTUARY ENTER CPTION NUMDER T2 ENTER KD FOR SR AND CS IN SED,ML/GM

? 350,500.

ENTER KF COEFFICIENT (WAS 1.3 FT/YR IN LPOS)

? 1.3 ENTER SED EFFICIENCY

?1 ENTER SEDIMENT DEPTH IN RESERVOIR SEGMENTS,FT

?.33 ENTER SEDIMENT DENSITY,0M/CC 72 FOR EACH RIVER SEOMENT, ENTER:

1.FLOWRATE LEAVING SEO CU FT/SEC

2. VOLUME OF SEGMENT,CU FT 3.AV DEPTH FT

4. SEDIMENTATION VEL. FT/YR SEG. 1 7 13000,1.1E11,33,.025 EFFECTIVE DILUTIONS,SEC/FT*3 SEG SR90 CS134 CS137 1

6.60402E-05 5.93431E-05 6.34775E-05 4

Figure 5.4 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 5-17

l l

i f

CHANGE LPGS BASE PARAMETERS 7 CHANGE:

1.BIDACCUMULATION FACTORS

2. CORE INVENTORY

3. SUMP RELEASE FRACTION

4. WATER TREATMENT FACTOR

5. EDIBLE FISH PORTION 6.NO MORE CHANGES SELECT OPTION NUMDER'

?6 I

1 CALCULATED POPULATION DOSES DRINKING WATER DOSE, PERSON REMS SR90 =

0 CS134 =

0 CS137 =

0 TOT DRINK WTR DOSE =

0 PERSON REMS AQUATIC FOOD INOESTION DOSE IN PERSON REMS SR90 =

1.09131Ef07 CS134 =

5.44553 CS137 =

3 71532Et06 TOTAL FISH INGESTION DOSE =

1.46284E+07 PERSON REMS SHORELINE EXPOSURE DOSErPERSON REMS l

SR90 =

0 CS134 =

3.85898 CS137 =

1.62600E+07 TOTAL SHORELINE EXPOSURE =

1.62600Ef07 PERSON REMS TOTAL POPULATION DOSE FOR LPOS COMPARISON =

3.08892E+07 PERSON REMS STOP at 02760 Figure 5.4 (Continued) l NUREG-1054 5-18

~ Table 5.4 Parameters for LPGS coastal site Parameter Value Drift current U 4,320 m/ day Effective depth d 10 m Aquatic food catch 0-5 km off shore (5 km wide) 120 kg/ha/yr 5-19 km off shore (14 km wide) 7.3 kg/ha/yr 19-80 km off shore (61 km wide) 1.1 kg/ha/yr Shellfish catch 0

Shoreline usage 68,750 person-hr/yr/ linear kilometer of beach Length of beach downcurrent 160 km l

NUREG-1054 5-19

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .t****

LIQUID PATHWAY PROGRAM US NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION R CODELL NOV 4,1983 ENTER NAME OF SITE AND TITLE 7 LPGS COASTAL SITE DASE CASE GROUNDWATER TREATMENT OPTIONG

1. ENTER GR.WTR TRANSMITTAL FACTORS FOR SR90sCS134eCS137

2. ENTER TRAVEL TIME THROUGH GROUND

3. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM DARCYS LAW

4. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM RECHARGE TO WATER TABLE

5. CALC TRAVEL TIME IN FRESHWATER LENS FOR COASTAL ENVIRONMENT ENTER OPTION NUMBER 72 INPUT TRAVEL TIME FOR GROUNDWATEReYRS 7.61 ENTER 1 TO INPUT RD FACTORS ENTER 2 TO CALC RD FACTORS 71 INPUT RD FOR SR AND CS j

7 9.2,83 GROUNDWATER PASSAGE FACTORS SR90 =

.87802 CS134 =

1.1807E-07 j

CS137 =

.31164 I

GRNDWATER TRANSMISSION FACTORS FOR LPGS WERE SR90 =.87802 CS134 = 1.1897E-7 CS137 =.31164 l

RATIO OF PRESENT SITE GROUNDWATER TRANSMITTAL FACTORS TO LPOS'S SR90 =

1 CS134 =

.999997 CS137 =

.999998 ENTER TYPE OF WATER BODY:

1. RIVER

2. GREAT LAKES

3. ESTUARY

4. COASTAL 74 Figure 5.5 LPGS coastal base case NUREG-1054 5-20 L

CHANGE LPOS BASE PARAMETERS 7 CHAN0E:

1.BIOf.CCUMULATION FACT 0RS

2. CORE INVENTORY

3. SUMP RELEASE FRACTION

4. WATER TREATMENT FACTOR

5. EDIBLE FISH PORTION 6.NO MORE CHANGES SELECT OPTION NUMBER 76 INPUT DRIFT CURRENT,M/D(LPGS=4320) 7 4320 INPUT EFF. DEPTH,M(LPOS=10) 7 10 INPUT NO OF OFFGHORE REGIONS 73 FOR EACH REGION INPUT:

1. WIDTH OF REGION,KM 2.FINFISH CATCH,KG/HA/YR

3. SHELLFISH CATCH,KG/HA/YR REGION 1 7 5,120,0 REGION 2 7 14,7.3,0 REGION 3 7 61,1.1,0 INPUT NUMBER OF LONGSHORE INCREMENTS <=200 7 160 INPUT LONOSHORE INCREMENT,KM 71 NOTE: MAY TAKE A MINUTE WORKING ON REGION 1

WORKING ON REGION 2

WORKING ON REGION 3

AQUATIC FOOD INOESTION DOSE PERSON REM SR90 =

205645 CS134 =

.516098 CS137 =

329184 TOTAL FISH INOESTION DOSE =

534029 PERLON RENS INPUT SHORELINE USE, USER-HOURS PER LINEAR KILOMETER OF DEACH 7 68750 SHORELINE DOSE IN PERSON REMS SR90 =

0 CS134 =

5.59147E-03 CS137 =

2360.07 TOTAL SHORELINE POPULATION DOSE =

2360.07 PERSON RENS TOTAL POPULATION DOSE FOR LPGS COMPARISON =

537109 PERSON REMS STOP at 05890 Figure 5.5 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 5-21

4 6 CONCLUSION The procedure and computer program described in the preceding sections greatly facilitate the analysis of comparative liquid pathway consequences for site evaluations.

Each site under review should be evaluated with the given proce-dure.

Surrogate population doses for the given site should be compared with the surrogate population doses for the generic sites evaluated in Section 5 of this report. 'The surrogate population doses for the generic sites are summarized in Table'6.1.

The population dose for the site baing studied should be compared with that for the LPGS generic st(E most closely resembling it.

In additinn, the groundwater travel time in the studied site should be reported because it bears on the conclusion about possible interdiction of contaminated groundwater.

Table 6.1 Sun' mary of surrogate population doses

• for LPGS

. base cases i

Drinking

. Seafood Shoreline water dose, ingestion

exposure, Total, Generic site rem dose, rem rem rem j

l l

Large river 1.08 x 105 6.83 x 103 7.457 x 103 1.228 x 105 l

Small river 8.865 x 108 6.563 x 105 3.577 x 105 9.88 x 108 Great Lakes 2.34 x 108 6.369 x 105 4.066 x 10s 3.540 x 10s Estuary 0

1.463 x 107 1.626 x 108 1.772 x 108 l

Coastal 0

5.348 x 105 2.36 x 103 5.372 x 105

• These doses should not be accepted at face value, but should be l

used only for comparison with other sites.

l r

/

NUREG-1054

, /'

6-1 m

1 i

+

l

+

7 REFERENCES

+

8 ear J.,

Hydraulics of Groundwater, McGraw Hill, New York,1979.

Sooth, R. S., "A System Analysis Model for Calculating Radionuclide Transport Between Receiving Water and Bottom Sediment," Report No. ORNL-TM-4751, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., Apr.1975.

Chow V.

T., Handbook of Applied Hydrolony, McGraw-Hf11, New York, 1964.

Churchill, J. H., " Measurement and Computer Modeling of the Distribution of Nuclear Reactor Discharge Radionuclides in the Estusrine Sediment Near the Maine Yankee Atomic Power Plant in Wiscasset Maine," Masters Thesis, Physics Department, University of Maine, Orono, Dec. 1976.

Codell, R. B., Testimony Before Atomic Safety and Licensing Board in Matter of Indian Point Units 2 and 3. Jan. 1983, White Plains, N.Y.

r Dendy, F. E., and W. A. Champion, " Summary of Reservoir Sediment Deposition Surveys Made in the United States Through 1970," Misc. Pub. No. 1266, U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C., July 1973.

i Duursma, E.

K., " Specific Activity of Radionuclides Sorbed by Marine Sediments in Relation to the Stable Element Composition," in Radioactive Contamination of the Marine Environment, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 1973.

i

--, and M. G. Gross, " Marine Sediments and Radioactivity," Chapter 6, in Radioactivity in the Marine Environment, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1971.

NUREG-10b4-7-1

l i

Gupta, S. K., K. Tanji, D. Nielson, J. Biggar, C. Simmons, and J. MacIntyre,

" Field Simulation of Soil-Water Movement With Crop Water Extraction," Water Science and Engineering Paper No. 4013, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, 1978.

Lerman, A., " Transport of Radionuclides in Sediments," in Proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Radioecology, Vol. 2, uak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., Conf. 710501 p2, May 10-12, 1971.

--, and G. J. Brunskill, " Migration of Major Constituents From Lake Sediments Into Lake Water and its Bearing on Lake Composition," Limnology and Oceanography, 16(6):880-890, Nov.1971.

--, and H. Taniguchi, " Strontium-90 and Cesium-137 in Water and Deep Sediments of the Great Lakes," in Proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Radio-ecology, Vol. 1, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., Conf.

710501 p1, May 10-12, 1971.

Nishiwaki, Y., Y. Kimura, Y. Honda, H. Morishima, T. Koga, Y. Miyaguchi, and H. Kawai, " Behavior and Distribution of Radioactive Substances in Coastal and Estuarine Waters, in Radioactive Contamination of the Marine Environment, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, 1973.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, " Comprehensive Report on the Clinch River Study,"

Report No. ORNL-4035, Oak Ridge, Tenn., Apr. 1967.

Offshore Power Systems, "0PS Liquid Pathway Generic Study," Topical Report 22A50, Jacksonville, Fla., June 1977; Rev. 1, Aug. 1977.

Schubel, J.

R., " Distribution and Transportation of Suspended Sediment in Upper Chesapeake Bay," Technical Report No. 60, Chesapeake Bay Institute, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Md., Nov.1969.

Seymour, A.

H., and W. R. Schell, " Distribution Coefficients for Transuranic Elements in Aquatic Environments," Annual Progress Report from the University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, May 1977.

NUREG-1054 7-2

. _. _ ~ -

Thornthwaite, C.W., and J. Mather, " Instructions for Computing Potential Evapotranspiration and the Water Balance," in Publications in Climatology, Vol.10, No. 3, Laboratory of Climatology, Centerton N.J.,1957.

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, WASH-1400 (now NUREG-75/014), " Reactor Safety Study - An Assessment of Accident Risks in U.S. Commercial Nuclear Power Plants,"

Oct. 1975.

U.S. Geological Survey, " Surface Water Supply of the United States," Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2117, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1973.

U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, " Nuclear Power Plant Accident Considera-tions Under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969," Federal Register, Vol. 45, No. 118, June 13, 1980, pp. 40101-40104.

--, NUREG-0440, " Liquid Pathway Generic Study:

Impacts of Accidental Radio-active Releases to the Hydrosphere From Floating and Land-Based Nuclear Power Plants," Feb. 1978.

--, NUREG/CR-1322, " Critical Review:

Radionuclide Transport, Sediment Transport l

and Water Quality Mathematical Modeling ant 9adionuclide Absorption / Desorption Mechanisms," Y. Onishi, R. J. Serne, E. M. Arnold, C. E. Cowan, and F. L. Thompson, Jan. 1981.

--, NUREG/CR-1596, "The Consequences From Liquid Pathways After a Reactor Meltdown Accident," S. J. Niemczyk, June 1981.

NUREG-1054 7-3

. - ~

9 APPENDIX A RUNNING WATSTORE DATA BASE SYSTEM TO CALCULATE DILUTION FLOWRATES NUREG-1054 L

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page.

A.1 INTR 000CTION.......................................................

1 A.2 RUNNING FL0WAV.....................................................

1 A.3 INTERPRETING OUTPUT FROM PR0 GRAM...................................

2 A.4 REFERENCES.........................................................

11 LIST OF FIGURES A.1 WATSTORE MESSAGE Job...............................................

2 A.2 Partial output of WATSTORE MESSAGE Run.............................

3 A.3 Sample FLOWAV Run..................................................

5 A.4 Sample FLOWAV 0utput...............................................

6 A.5 Listing of Program FL0WAV..........................................

12 TABLE A.1 State Codes for Backfile Tapes.....................................

4 i

NUREG-1054 iii Appendix A

A.' l INTRODUCTION A computer program, FLOWAV, has been written by the author (R. Codell) to assist the-user in calculating dilutions for rivers that have flow-recording gages included in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, 1975) WATSTORE data base.

The program uses the daily values file to calculate yearly and long-term mean and reciprocal average flowrates.

The output of the program must frequently be interpreted by a procedure to account for recent modifications of the watershed such as urbanization, forest clearing, and regulation by dams.

The procedure for running the program and interpreting the data will be explained and demon-strated by example.

A.2 RUNNING FLOWAV To run the flow-averaging program FLOWAV, the following information is needed:

(1) an active WATSTORE account on the USGS headquarters computer (2) river gage numbers and State codes (3) backfile tape numbers for the States in which the gages are located River gage numbers are available in USGS publications (USGS, 1979).

Backfile tapes are the tapes containing the long-term daily value files.

The tapes are updated at approximately 6-month intervals, at which time the tape numbers change.

The only reliable way of knowing the correct tape numbers is to generate the WATSTORE MESSAGE file printout before submitting the FLOWAV job.

The procedure to generate the WATSTORE MESSAGE file printout, which contains the correct backfile tape numbers and other information on the WATSTORE system, is demonstrated in Figure A.1.

A portion of the output from this run, showing the backfile tape numbers, is shown in Figure A.2.

A list of State codes is shown in Table A.1.

NUREG-1054 1

Appendix A

esu ni i~ terr n c:r-(Job card goes here) erkOUTE PRIN1 kni24o

//*THIS RUN FOR R'CODELL FTS492-8117

//PROCLIB DD DSN=WRD.PROCLIBrDISP=SHR

// EXEC MESSAGE, PRINT =WRD02

/*

//

Figure A.1 WATSTORE MESSAGE job The FLOWAV program is run by submitting a card. deck containing the necessary WATSTORE information to retrieve the information on the desired river gaging stations and processing the information with a FORTRAN computer program.

Figure A.3 illustrates the deck setup for two gages on the Missouri River:

Sioux City Iowa, gage 06486000, and Omaha Nebraska, gage 06610000.

Because the gages are in two different States, two tapes must be requested.

From Table A.1, Iowa is State code 19 and' Nebraska is State code 31.

At the time that this run was made, the corresponding backfile tape numbers from Figure A.2 were 115621 and 115626.

The comments in parentheses on the right of each line in Figure A.3 are for the sake of explanation only and are not punched on the cards.

Partial output of the run, for gage 06486000 only, is presented in Figure A.4.

A.3 INTERPRETING OUTPUT FROM PROGRAM The long-term average reciprocal flowrate can be read from Figure A.4, in the next-to-last column of the tabular data labeled " TOT REC FL."

This column is the total average reciprocal flowrate from the beginning of the record to the year listed -in Column 1.

The two graphs plotted in Figure A.4 point to an interesting phenomenon.

As is often the case, the flow characteristics of rivers are altered by such phenomena as diversion, watershed alteration (e.g., deforestation, urbanization),

and regulation by dams.

Regulation of rivers has the effect of increasing the NUREG-1054 2

Appendix A

SSSS$$$$$$$$$$1$.SS$$SSSS$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5SSSSSSStSSSS$$$$$$$$$$S8$$$$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$*S$5SS$$$$SSS89895$$SS$$$$$$$$$5SSSSSSSS S$$

$$4

'4 FSS A GES, unTEA, ann NFWS F R O*1 DAfASET 4EbEER WRr02 SS$

SS$

CATE OF FCOLOWING MESSAGK a 930R09 S$$

1$$$$S$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$5 1SSS$$$$$5ASSSSS$$$$$$$$5SS$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$58158SSSS$$$$$$$$$$$$$

THE FOT. LOWING "AGuFTTC TAPES NOW C04 TAT 4 THE LATEST INFORMATION F00 TuE DATLY VALUES RACFFILF, THE DAILY VALflES AACKFTLE CONTAINS ALL DATA FR0" AEGIN'd tt'G OF A FCOP0 T H R 0lf GH THE 19R1 WATER YEAR THAT WAS ENTEREn TNTO THE rTLF BEF0DE AHGilST 04, 1Q83 409.19

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ,31,7A, W ATSTORE 04f ty vatt.'ES A ACKFILE (6250 oPI) TADF = AUGUST 09, 1983 FAPF RECT *4t4G EMnING N0 STATE STATE CODE CODE 115409 01 02 115610 04 05 4

115611 06 06(11147070) 115612 06(11147500) 06f113R1900) 115613 nh(11382000) 06 115614 OA 08 115615 04 12(02311600) 115616 12(G2312000) 17 115617 13 13 115614 15 15 115619 16 16 115670 17 1R 115671 19 20 115672 21 23 115673 24 26 115674 27 29 l

115625 29 30 r

L 115626 31 33 1

l 115627 34 35 Figure A.2 Partial output of WATSTORE MESSAGE run I

l NUREG-1054 3

Appendix A

i 115678 36 115629 37 30 115630 39 40 115631 41 41 115632 42 42 115633 44 47 115634 4R 48f0B116700) 115A35 49(OH117200) 49 115635 50 5;

115637 53 53 115639 54 55 115639 56 97 essaaesones******************ses***************ese**************o**o**e*

DATLY V%UF DACKFILE TAPE USFAS ARE R@INDED THAT TAPES mfST HF USEn BY THE noDEo r.F ST ATE Cr)nts AMD !!Of 7teirpTCALLY.

see e.eeseseeeeeeeeeee**esessessesse**esseessesses**sessessessesessessee Figure A.2 (Continued)

Table A.1 State codes for backfile tapes o

State Code State Code Alabama 01 Missouri 29 Alaska 02 Montana 30 Arizona 04 Nebraska 31 Arkansas 05 Hevada 32 California 06 New Hampshire 33 Colorado 08 New Jersey 34 Connecticut 09 New Mexico 35 Delaware 10 New York 36 District of North Carolina 37 Columbia 11 North Dakota 38 Florida 12 Chio 39 Georgia 13 Oklahoma 40 Hawaii 15 Oregon 41 Idaho 16 Pennsylvania 42 Illinois 17 Rhode Island 44 Indiana 18 South Carolina 45 Iowa 19 South Dakota 46 Kansas 20 Tennessee 47 Kentucky 21 Texas 48 Louisiana 22 Utah 49 Maine 23 Vermont 50 Maryland 24 Virginia 51 Massachusetts 25 Washington 53 Michigan 26 West Virginia 54 Minnesota 27 Wisconsin 55 Mississippi 28 Wyomino 56 NUREG-1054 4

Appendix A l

/* RELAY _ PUNCH FE2

-(JOB CARD GOES HERE

)

/* ROUTE PRINT RHT246

//*THIS RUN.FOR R CODELL FTS492-8117

//PROCLIB DD DSN=WRD.PROCLIBrDISP=SHR

/* SETUP 115626/H

// EXEC DVRETRrVOL1=115626,VOL2=115621rAGENCY=USGS

//HDR.SYSIN DD H3 R00060 D

06486000

• • • • USGS GAGE AT SIOUX CITY ***

D 06610000

• • • • USGS GAGE AT 0MAHA********

/*

//

EXEC FTG1CLG

// FORT.SYSIN DD'*

C PROGRAM FLOWAV AV AND RECIPROCAL FOR USGS WATSTORE DATA (REST OF FORTRAN PROGRAM GUES HERE)

END

/$

//GO.FT10F001 DD DSN=+BKRECrDISP=(OLDrPASS),

//

DCB=(RECFM=FBrLRECL=1656rBLKSIZE'11592)

//GO.SYSIN DD *

/*

//

/* EOF' Figure A.3 Sample FLOWAV Run ratio of the reciprocal mean to the arithmetic mean flow because drought-and-flood flows are evened out.

Urbanization may have the opposite effect because of the loss of absorbency in the watershed.

In either case, the current or projected state of the river should be used in all dilution calculations.

The following procedure is or.e method for taking the current or projected i

l state of the river into account:

1.

)

1 NUREG-1054 5

Appendix A i

STA1104 PAWA=

HO CONTRIP.

DD F l f,E STATE AGENCY IDt.HTIFIC Af t rut CHUSS SAMPI ittG HFTFN STAT VAbdF DIST CouhTY Dv4fHAGE DRA!aAGE-El TYPE CnDE Cane N(IMP F R SECLIDA OtPTH CDbE YEAR CODE INDICATop CODE CODE ARVA AHFA e

.R 19 USGS 06486000 999999.000 999999.000 60 1929 3

999999.000 19 193 314600.00 0.0.

3:

HYDROLOGIC RTV STA7 ION LOCATOR h F I, f.

UNIT SEQ BEG SITE LAT=

' t.ON G.

S.En GEOLOGIC STATION NAME OR LOCAL WEI.L *WHMEN DEPTH DATUM CODE NO M0 CODE ITUDF ITUDE NO UNIT CODE MISSnHRI H1VER AT SIOUY CITY. IteW A

-99997.00 1056.98 10230001 1 10 Sw 422910 0962447 00 YEAR MTp FLou MAX FLOW NDAYS YR AV F I, YR REC FL fnT nYS 707 AV Ft.

70T PLC FL RATIO (ALL Ft.nwoATLS IN CFS) 1929 7200.00 17R000.00 365 34877.34 19327.'56 365 34477.34 19327.56 1.8045 1930 6100.00 83800.00 365 23490.96 17580.99 730 3u184.13 19412.95 1.4499 1931 5510.00 53600.00 365 15703.86 12802.23 1095 25357.31 16065.94 1.2266 1939 6800.00 166000.00 365 15330.22 16686.72 1460 25350.57 16216.17 1.5180 1940 3100.00 52400.00 366 15549.02 10493.35 1826 23385.96 14618.59 1.4818 1941 3900.00 120000.00 365 19932.03 12687.58 2191 22810.57 14257.11 1.5710 1942 2920.00 126000.00 365 29253.09 15240.18 2556 23730.57 14389.66 1.9195 cn 1943 6000.00 208000.00 365 34986,85 18465.36 2921 25137.12 14797.80 1.8947 1944 10200.00 178300.00 366 39689.89 25933.83 3287 26751.53 15536.84 1.5364 1945 12000.00 111400.00 365 30472.87 23886.13 3652 27128.86 16099.28 1.2158 1946 3300.00 87200.00 365 24936.71 17834.14 4017 26929.67 16242.86 1.3983 1947 3520.00 172000.00 305 37h79.19 21052.19 4382 21841.11 16557.93 1.7993 1948 1400.00 11n000.00 366 38474.86 25222.16 4748 29661.37 17008.31 1.5254 1949 3700,00 177000.00 365 34691.18 22665.08 5113 29091.86 17316.84 1.5306-1950 3800.00 219000.00 365 36708.2 18925.44 5478 29399.34 17415.48 1.9396 1951 4000.00 149000.00 365 37833.42 24132.53 5843 10113.10 17723.64 1.5677 1952 6800.00 438000.00 366 47245.37 21057.73 6209 31123.56 18091.53 1.7461 1953 1000.00 105000.00 365 312R3,01 22258.13 6514 31132.41 18281.54 1.4055 1954 8000.00 49500.00 365 24W68.22 20675.20 6939 30802.90 18393.56 1.2028 1955 6200.00 36500.00 365 22246.98 17188.66 7304 30J75.34 18329.35 1.2943 1956 8100.00 36500.00 366 23642.76 17348.02 7670 30054.07 18200.01 1.3629 1957 6000.00 35400.00 365 19710.93 14542.92 8035 29506.95 18069.09 1.3595 1958 4000.00 35400.00 365 20148.38 15346.55 8400 29176.82 17930.86 1.3129 1959 6500.00 33000,00 365 20608.19 16109.05 8765 28820.00 17846.82 1.2793 1960 6800.00 95100.00 366 21397.46 15195.94 9131 28522.07 11722.89 1.4074 1961 3500.00 32100.00 365 206A1.89 16211.50 9496 28228.41 17659.01 1.2881 2*

1962 3000.00 71000.00 365 20028,57 13149.14 9861 21924.87 17438.20 1.5232 lj 1963 5000.00 33200.00 365 21208.22 14914.35 10226 27685.12 17333.50 1.4220 n

1964 5830.00 35200.00 366 21759.10 15166.74 10592 27480.34 17248.36 1.4347 3

1965 6000.00 15200.00 365 22654.92 16711.45 10957 27319.57 17229.92 1.3556 bh 1966 13000.00 37400.00 365 27418.36 25678.02 11322 27322.74 17414.62 1.0678 X

1961 5000.00 36900.00 365 26430.57 20302.65 11687 27294.87 17492.34 1.3016 2>

1968 9780.00 39300.03 366 2h250.11 25255.09 12053 21323.88 17651.14 1.1186 Figure A.4 Sample FLOWAV output

j[

1969 6240.00 764no.00 365 14271.29 27731.97 12418

.27528.08 17647.73-1.2358 po 1970 9000.00 51200.00 365 33514.79 29279.43 127R3 27699.00 18049.95 1.1447 yy 1971 13500.00 69N00.00 365 3h320.27 32122.66 1314h 27993.d6 18271.17 1.1929 e

1972 14500.00 55700.00 366 4n745.0R 35677.95 13514 28339.18 18515.R3 1.1420 Fd 1973 19300.00 54100.00 365 32230,14 30100.05 13879 2R441.51 18705.23 1.0705

[$

1974 13000.00 40000.00 365 28109.04 26170.06 14244 2s432.9W 18842.96 1.0741 1975 8000.00 64200.00 365 35476.16 20759.00 14609 2t608.95 19006.70 1.2336 1976 12000.00 66200.00 366 396e6.06 36010.63 14975 28H79.67 19228.61 1.1021 1977 9000.00 3R990.00 3h5 2949R.16 27183.69 15340 2H894.39 19363.44 1.0851 197R in400.00 61230.00 365 11923.29 21646.64 15705 29011.26 19499.22 1.2270 1979 1500n.00 S7mno.no 3h5 12330.14 13991.49 16070 29222.91 19689.91 1.1276 198p 13800.no 433no.no 366 3149n.16 29839.64 16416 29273.40 19s35.10 1.0133 1991 11000.00 4n50u.do 305 2R54).64 25273.25-16901 29257.50 1992h.34 1.1293 1962 20000.nc 15300.no 365 26122.19 23190.65 17166 29190.83 1998h.12 1.1264 1983 23700.60 50100.00 332 3455s.31 33515.88 1749R 29292.57 20142.38 1.0310 N

i 2

. T3 moo S

x 2

Figure A.4 (Continued)

J i

~

g Yt. a ps.7 ( l ) Ahn rew(?),5rrty a v 61.e.,.s s uo iIspie.wl plu p AT S I tm E CITY. I r1w A

10 rn t.........g..................g.........g.........y.......3.........y.........g.........t........3.........g

?

0.316E+05 1

1 y

0.352SE+05 1

1 0

0.3473E+05 T

I 0.3422Ee05 i i

I 063371E+05 i 1

2 0.3320E+05 1 1

0.3269E+05 I I

0.321BE*05 i

1

.I 0.3167E+05 1

1 0.3116E+05 I

I 0.3065r+05 t

1 0.3014E+05 f

1 I

0.2963E+05 1

I 0.2982E+05 1

1 1

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I I

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i I

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1 8

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22222 1

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2222 22 1

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22 22222 222 I

0.1736E+05 II 22 Il 222222 1

0.1687E+05 T 1

2 l

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0.1585E+05 1 2 2

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I i

i 3.........,.........,.........,.........,.........

..................,........ 3..................,.........,I 0.1075F+05 x

2>

1929 1939 1949 1959 1949 1979 1989 1999 2009 2019 2029 2039 Figure A.4 (Continued) l m

3-114T10 flF SVEWar.F Vf tpl Y tism 786.s tr I 8+ tr 4 8. Y s a h e y y t ow 6 4

• 15 WIR I W I V > l.

AT SIDIlX CITf, I4WA-

~

Cg

,............................l.........l...................,.........!.........I.........I.........I.........

c) 0.193tE+of I

I I

8 0.1982E+08 T

1 1

I 0.1994F+01 T

1 7

I un 0.1976E+01 T

I 0.1950E+01 I

I 0.1940E+01 I

I 0.102tE+01 I

I 0.lt03E+01 11 I

0.1705E,01 1

3 0.l?67E+01 1

1 0 l?49E+01 1

1 1

0.173tE+01 I

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1 0.1676E+01 T

I 0.1658E+0h 1

1 0.164 0 E,0 5 I I

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i 1

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1 I

x r.........I.........:.........

.........r.......--i.........r.........

......-..I.........I.........I 1929 1939 1949 1959 1969 1970 1989 1999 2009-2019 2029 2039 figure A.4 (Continued)

(1) Calculate long-term arithmetic average flowrate ()L from the total flowrate record in the river (with appropriate adjustments for reservoir filling).

(2) Calculate the current or projected modern ratio (/q )M fr m the modern record, which reflects the current or projected state of regulation of the river basin.

This is done by calculating the mean and reciprocal mean flowrate manually from the yearly values printed in the program.

R (3) Estimate 6 for the current or projected state of the river by

-R = (<9')L (A.1)

R

(/q )

For example, in the Missouri River at Sioux City, the long-term mean flowrate

()L from 1929 to 1982 was about 29,191 fts/sec (Figure A.4, column labeled

" TOT AV FL").

The average volumes of the major reservoirs that were closed between 1952 and 1964 (USGS, 1973) were added to the average flowrate and increased the lc ng-term mean flowrate to about 30,500 fta/sec.

All transients from the filling of the major reservoirs seem to have subsided by the end of the 1960s.

In the 13 year period 1970 to 1982, the arithmetic mean and reciprocal mean flows i<ere calculated:

1982 1

()g = 13

= 33,537

( A. P.)

i I

j i=1970 1982 d=28,718 (A.3)

R (h)g=13/

I i=1970 gj where is the arithmetic mean flow for year i and q is the reciprocal j

mean flow for year i.

M NUREG-1054 10 Appendix A

R The ratio (/q )

is determined, therefore, to be 33,537.4/28,718.2 = 1.17.

R The-modern value of q adjusted for regulation is, th.efore, 30,500/3.17 =

3

.26,068 ft /sec R

This value is significantly larger than-(q )( of about 19,988 ft /sec calculated 3

from the total record up to and including 1982 (Figure A.4, column labeled R

" TOT REC FL").

Of course, (q )g would give a more conservative estimate of time-averaged concentration.

The "FLOWAV " program is listed in Figure A.5.

A.4 REFERENCES U.S. Geological Survey, " Surface Water Supply of the United States, 1966-1970, Part 6, Missouri River Basin," Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2117, U.S.

Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1973.

i

--, WATSTORE User's Guide," Open File Report 79-426, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., Aug. 1975.

--, " Catalog of Information on Water Data - Index to Water Data Acquisition,"

U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Water Data Coordinatioa, Reston, Va., 1979.

t l

NUREG-1054 11 Appendix A

.~.

C PROGRAM FLOWAV-AV AND RECIPROCAL FOR USGS WATSTORE DATA C

R CODELL USNRC JULY,1981 INTEGER *2 RSV1,FORMT, STATE,DVRDIS,DVRSIT,DVRSEO,BEGMO,WTYR,

-ISCODE,DVRSEN,DVRMON,ENDMO,DVRSV3(19)

INTEGER PCODE,DVRHOC,D,DVRDAT DIMENSION IM0(12)

REAL STATSV(5)

DIMENSION DVRNSU(12)

DIHENSION Y3(200)

REAL STATON(5),XSEC, DEPTH,NOVAL, DAILY (31,12),DVRSV2,DVRCTY, 1DVRNAM(12),DVRDRN,DVRCDA,DURWii, OUTPUT (12)

DOUBLE PRECISION AGENCY,DURLAT,DURLON,DVRGUN, DATUM DIMENSION IX(200),Y1(200),Y2(200)

C READ DAILY VALUE FILE ON TAPE UNIT 10 C

READ IPUNCH FROM CARD. IF EO O NOPUNCH, IF NE O PUNCH CARD FOR EACH YEAR READ (5,601) IPUNCH 601 FORMAT (I5)

WRITE (6,7)

C GET FIRST STATION NAME READ (10,40) RSV1,FORMT, STATE, AGENCY,STATSV BACKSPACE 10 353 CONTINUE KNTR=0 SYRRT=1.0E-30 SYRT=1.0E-30 NDTOT=0 1 READ (10,40,END=50) RSV1,FORMT, STATE, AGENCY,STATON,XSEC, DEPTH, 1PCODE,WTYR,SCODE,NOVAL, DAILY,DVRSV2,DVRDIS,DVRCTY,DVRNAM,DURDRN, 1DVRCDA,DVRWD,DVRDAT,DVRHOC,DVRSEO,DURMON DVRSIT,DVRLAT,DVRLON, 1DURSEN,DVRGUN,DVRSV3

~

40 FORMAT (2A1,A2,A5,5A3,2A4,A4,2A2 A4,200A4,172A4,A3,A2,A3,12A4,3A4, 1

A4,A4,2A2,A2,A6,A7,A2,A8,19A1)

C CHECK TO SEE IF STATI0d ifAME HAS CHANGED DO 350 I51,5 IF ( STA TSV(I).t:E.STATON( I s ) GOTO 351 350 CONTIFUE GOTO 352 C

NEW STATION FILE 351 DACKSPACE 10 DO 355 I=1,5 355 STATSV(I)=STATUN(I) 487 CONTINUE C

IF TOTAL YEARS OT 110 PLOT ONLY LAST 110 YEARS NSTRT=1 IF(KNTR.GT.110) NSTRT=KNTR-110 WRITE (6,420) DURNSV 420 FORMAT (1Hir10X,' YEARLY (1) AND Cdd(2),RECIP AV FLOWS FOR *,12A4,/)

CALL PLOT (IX,Y1,Y2,KNTR,2,NSTRT)

WRITE (6,421) DVRNSU CALL PLOT (IX,Y3,Y2,KNTR,1,NSTRT)

GOTO 353 352 CONTINUE BEGM0=DVRMON ENDM0=BEGMO-1 IF(BEGMO.EO.1) ENDM0=BEGMO-1 CALL CONVRT(DVRDAT, DATUM)

KNTR=KNTR+1 IF(KNTR.GT.1) 0079 200 WRITE (6,2) FORMT, STATE, AGENCY,STATON,XSEC, DEPTH,PCODE,WTYR,SCODE, 1NOVAL,DVRDIS,DVRCTY,DVRDRN,DVRCDA WRITE (6,3) DVRNAM,DVRWD, DATUM,DVRHOC,DVRSEO,DVRMON,DVRSIT,DVRLAT 1,DVRLON,DVRSEN,DVRGUN DO 700 I=1,12 Figure A.5 Listing Of program FLOWAV NUREG-1054 12 Appendix A

108 FORMAT (I4,F10.3,F10.2,I3,2F10.2,I5,2F9.2rF9.4)

GOTO 1 50 NSTRT=1 IF(KNTR.GT.110) NSTRT=KNTR-110 WRITE (6,420) DVRNSV CALL PLOT (IX,Y1,Y2eKN7R,2eNSTRT)

WRITE (6,421) DVRNSV CALL PLOT (IX,Y3rY2eKNTRei,NSTRT) 421 FORMAT (1H1,5X, ' RATIO-OF AVERAGE YEARLY FLOW TO RECIPROCAL YEARLY 1 FLOW FOR *,12A4,/)

STOP 2 FORMAT.(1H1,24Xe7HSTATION,28X,5HPARA-,20X,2HNO,31X,8HCONTRIB./

1 57H FILE STATE AGENCY IDENTIFICATION CROSS

SAMPLING, 2 3X,5HMETERe8Xe4HSTAT,6Xe5HVALUE, 5X, 3 33HDIST COUNTY DRAINAGE DRAINAGE /19H TYPE CODE CODEe 4 6Xe6HNUMBERe8X,7HSECTIONe5Xe5HDEPTH, 4X,4HCODE, 3Xe 5 57HYEAR CODE INDICATOR CODE CODE AREA AREA 6//,3XeA1,4XeA2e4X,A5,2X,5A3,1X,F10.3,1X,F10.3,2X,I5,2X,I4,2X,I5, 73XeF11.4,3X,A2,4X,A3,2X,F9.2,3X,F9.2) 3 FORMAT (///69X,43HHYDROLOGIC RTV STATION LOCATOR /

1 52X 4HWELL, 16X, 4HUNIT, 5X,19HSED BEG SITE LAT-, 4X, 2 20HLONG-SEO GEOLOGIC / 8X, 13HSTATION NAME e 3 20 HOR LOCAL WELL NUMBER,10Xe5HDEPTH, 8X, 5HDATUN, 3X, 4HCODE,6X, 4 43HND MO CODE ITUDE ITUDE NO UNIT CODE // 1X, 512A4,1X,F9.2,F10.2, 19,4X,I2,2XeI2,3X,A2,3X,A7,A8eA2,3XpA8e/)

7 FORMAT (1 Hie 2Xe' AVERAGE AND RECIPROCAL AVERAGE FOR YEARLY AND TOTA IL CUMULATIVE FLOWRATES-WATSTORE DATA'e/2X,'R CODELL USNRC 7/81',/)

107 FORMAT (1H0eT8,' YEAR'eT18,' MIN FLOW',T30,' MAX FLOW',T43,'NDAYS*,

1 T52,'YR AV FL',764,'YR REC FL',T74,' TOT DYS',T86,* TOT AV FL*,

2 T98,' TOT REC FL',T110,' RATIO *,T120,

'1/YR REC FL',/)

104 FOPMAT( 5Xe16,2X,2F12 2,2X,I6,2X,2F12.2,2XeI6,2X,2F12.2,F10.4, 1 E12.4)

END SUBROUTINE CONVRT(IDATUM, DATUM)

C THIS SUBROUTINE CONVERTS A FIXED DECIMAL (7,2) NUMBER C

TO A DOUBLE PRECISION FLOATING POINT NUMBER DCUBLE FRECISION DATUM, SIGN DATUM =0.00 ICOMP=0 IF(IDATUM.LT. 0)ICOMP=1 SIGN =1.00 i

C PEAL OFF SIGN D=13=MINUS C=12= POSITIVE IJ=IDATUM/16-ICOMP IK=IJ*16 IL=IDATUM-IK IF(IL

.EO.

13) SIGN =-1.00 DO 10 I=1,7 C

PEAL OFF EACH HEX DIGIT STARTING FROM THE RIGHT IDATUM=IJ l

IJ=IDATUM/16-ICOMP l

IK=IJ*16 IL=IDATUM-IK DATUM = DATUM +IL*10.**(I-3) 10 LONTINUE DATUM = DATUM

• SIGN RETURN END i

l l

Figure A.5 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 13 Appendix A L

700 DVRNSV(I)=DVRNAM(I)

IF(IPUNCN.EG.0) 00TO 600 PUNCN 110,DVRNAM PUNCN-109,STATON,DVRDRN,DVRCDA,DVRLAT,DVRLON 600 CONTINUE 110 FORMAT (12A4) 109 FORMAT (5A3,2F12.1,2X,A7,2X,A8)

WRITE (6,107) 200 CONTINUE II=0 DO 4 I=BEGMO,12 II=II+1 4 IM0(II)=I IF(BEGMO.EO.1) 00TO 66 DO 5 I=1,ENDMO II=II+1 5 IM0(II)=I 66 CONTINUE SYR=0 SYRR=0 NDAYS=0 FMAX=-1.0E12 FMIN=1.0E12 DO 101 D=le31 DO 102 I=1,12 FLOW = DAILY (D,IM0(I))

IF(FLOW.ED. NOVAL) GO T0.102 IF(FLOW.LE.'O.0)GO TO 102 IF(FLOW.07.FMAX) FMAX= FLOW IF(FLOW.LT.FMIN) FMIN= FLOW C

ACCUMULATE AVERAGE AND FECIP AVERAGE FLOWS NDAYS=NDAYS+1 SYR=SYR+ FLOW SYRR=SYRR+1.0/FLO J 102 CONTINUE 101 CONTINCE FLOWR=0 AFLOW=0 IF(NOAYS.LE.0) GOTO 1501 FLOWR=hDAYS/SYRR AFLOW=SYR/NDAY3 1501 CONTINUE NDTOT=NDTOT+NDAYS SYRT=SYRT+SYR SYRRT=SYRRT+SYRR FLOWRT=0 AFLOWT=0 IF(NDTOT.LE.0) GOTO 1500 FLOWRT=NDTOT/SYRRT AFLOWT=SYRT/NDTOT 1500 CONTINUE RATID=AFLOW/FLOWR RFLOWR=1.0/(FLOWR+1.0E-20)

WRITE (6,104) WTYR,FMIN,FMAX,NDAYS,AFLOW,FLOWR,NDTOT,AFLOWT, 1 FLOWRT, RATIO,RFLOWR IX(KNTR)=WTYR Y1(KNTR)=FLOWR Y2(KNTR)=FLOWRT Y3(KNTR)= RATIO IF(IPUNCN.EO.0) 00T0 1 PUNCN 108,WTYR,FMIN,FMAXeNDAYS,AFLOW,FLOWR,NDTOTeAFLOWT, 1 FLOWRT, RATIO Figure A.5 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 14 Appendix A

SUBROUTINE PLOT (IX,Y1,Y2,NYEARS,NVARS,NSTRT)

C PRINTER PLOTTER FOR USGS PROGRAM C

R CODELL AUG 1981 C

IX IS ARRAY OF DATES IN YEARS C

Y1 IS FIRST INDEPENDENT VARIABLE C

Y2 IS SECOND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE C

NYEARS IS NUMBER OF POINTS IN ARRAY - MUST BE LE DIMENSIONS C

NVARS IS THE NUMBER OF ARRAYS PLOTTED - ONE OR TWO C

NSTRT IS STARTING POINT IN ARRAY FOR PLOTTING DIMENSION IX(1),Y1(1),Y2(1),IDATE(200)

DIMENSION L(110,50)

DATA IBL,ICHAR1,ICHAR2/1H,1H1,1H2/

DATA ICHAR3/1H*/

DO 1 I=1,110 DO 1 J=1,50 1

L(I,J)=IBL C

CALCULATE RANGE OF PLOTTED VARIABLES NEND=NSTRT+NYEARS YNIN=1.0E30 YMAX=-1.0E30 DO 3 I=1,NYEARS IF(Y1(I)

.GT.

YMAX)YMAX=Y1(I)

IF(Y1(I)

.LT. YMIN)YMIN=Y1(I)

IF(NVARS.EO.

1)GO TO 3 IF(Y2(I)

.GT.

YMAX)YMAX=Y2(I)

IF(Y2(I)

.LT. YMIN)YMIN=Y2(I) 3 CONTINUE DY=(YMAX-YNIN)/50.0 IDATE(1)=1 J=1 i

DO 4 I=2,NYEARS 4 IDATE(!)=IXII+NSTRT-1)-IX(NSTRT)+1 C

FILL IN PLOTTER ARRAY DC 5 I=1,NYEARS IXPLT=IDATE(I)

IF(IXPLT.GT.

110)IXPLTm110 IF(IXPLT.LT.1) IXPLT=1 IY1=(Y1(I+NSTRT-1)-YNIN)/DYt1 I

IF(IY1

.GT. 50)IY1=50 IF(t!VARS.EO.

1)GO 70 7 Ii2=(Y2(I+NSTRT-1)-YNIN)/DY+1 IF(IY2.GT.

50)IY2=50 6

IF(IY1

.NE.

IY2)GO TO 8 L(IXPLT,IY1)=ICHAR3 GOTO 5 B

L(IXPLT,IY2)=ICHAR2 7

L(IXPLT,IY1)=ICHAR1 5

CONTINUE C

PLOT GRAPH WRITE (6,12)

DO 9 K=1,50 I=50-K+1 YPLT=(I-1)*DY+.5*DY+YNIN 9

WRITE (6,10) YPLT,(L(J,I),J=1,110) 10 FORMAT (2X,E13.4,2X,1HI,110A1,1HI)

Ji=IX(NSTRT)

J2=J1+110 WRITE (6,12)

WRITE (6,11) (J,J=J1,J2,10) 12 FORMAT (17X,1HI,11(10H---------I))

11 FORMAT (16X,11(I4,6X),I4)

RETURN END Figure A.5 (Continued)

NUREG-1054 15 Appendix A

7---

=

APPENDIX B TEXTBOOK DATA FOR GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT 6

NUREG-1054

g;-

TABLE OF CONTENTS ~

Page B.1. POROSITY AND EFFECTIVE P0ROSITY..................................

l' B.2 PERMEABILITY.....................................................

1 B.C DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS........................................

1 LIST OF TABLES B.1 Typical Values of Porosity of Aquifer Materials.................

1 B.2 Typical Values of Effective Porosity of Aquifer Materials.......

2 B.3 Typical Values of Permeability or Hydraulic Conductivity of Porous Materials................................................

2 B.4 Di stribution Coefficients for Strontium and Cesium...............

3 B.5 Strontium and Cesium Distribution Coefficients From Controlled Sample Program...................................................

4 2

l i

t

'NUREG-1054 iii Appendix B L_

B.1 POROSITY AND EFFECTIVE POROSITY Tables B.1 and 8.2 give representative values of porosity and effective porosity of aquifer materials.

B.2 PERMEABILITY The permeabilities of a range of porous aquifer materials are presented in Table B.3.

B.3 DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS Distribution coefficients for strontium and cesium for a range of geologic materials are presented in Tables B.4 and B.S.

Table B.1 Typical values of porosity of aquifer materials Nember of Arithmetic Aquifer mate.aial analyses Range mean f

Igneous rocks Weathered granite 8

0.34-0.57 0.45 Weatt ered gabt ro 4

0.42-0.45 0.43 Basalt 94 0.03-0.35 0.17 Sedimentary materials Sandstone 65 0.14-0.49 0.34 Siltstone 7

0.21-0.41 0.35 Sand (fine) 245 0.25-0.53 0.43 Sand (coarse) 26 0.31-0.46 0.39 Gravel (fine) 38 0.25-0.38 0.34 Gravel (coarse) 15 0.24-0.36 0.28 Silt 281 0.34-0.51 0.45 Clay 74 0.34-0.57 0.42 Limestone 74 0.07-0.56 0.30 Metamorphic rocks Schist 18 0.04-0.49 0.38 l

Source:

D. B. McWhorter and D. K. Sunada, Ground-Water Hydrology and Hydraulics, Water Resources Publications, Fort Collins, i

Colo., 1977.

Reprinted with permission.

I NUREG-1054 1

Appendix B

- - =

,.k.'.

Table B.2 Typical values of effective porosity j

of aquifer materials i

Number of Arithmetic Aquifer material analyses Range mean Sedimentary materials Sandstone (fine) 47 0.02-0.40 0.21

~

Sandstone (medium) 10 0.12-0.41 0.27 Siltstone 13 0.01-0.33 0.12 Sand (fine) 287 0.01-0.46.

0.33

. Sand (medium) 297 0.16-0.46 0.32 Sand (coarse) 143 0.18-0.43 0.30 Gravel (fine) 33 0.13-0.40 0.28 Gravel (medium) 13 0.17-0.44 0.24 Gravel (coarse) 9.

0.13-0.25 0.21 Silt 299 0.01-0.39 0.20 Clay 27 0.01-0.18 0.06 Limestone 32 0-0.36 0.14 Wind-laid materials Loess 5

0.14-0.22 0.18 Eolian sand 14 0.32-0.47 0.38 Tuff 90 0.02-0.47 0.21 Metamorphic rocks Schist 11 0.22-0.33 0.26 Source:

0. B. McWorter and D. K. Sunada, Ground-Water Hydrology and hydraulics, Water Resources Publications, Fort Collins, Colo.,

1977. Reprinted with permission.

Table B.3 Typical values of permeability or hydraulic conductivity of porous materials Arithmetic mean Number of Range Aquifer material analyses (cm/sec)

(cm/sec)

(ft/yr)

Igneous rocks Weathered granite 7

(3.3-52) x 10 4 1.65 x 10 3 1.71 x 103 Weathered gabbro 4

(0.5-3.8) x 10 4 1.89 x 10 4 1.96 x 103 Basalt 93 (0.2-4,250) x 10 8 9.45 x 10 8 9.78 x 100 Sedimentary materials Sandstone (fine) 20 (0.5-2,270) x 10 8 3.31 x 10 4 3.42 x 102 Siltstone 8

(0.1-142) x 10 8 1.9 x 10 7 1.97 x 10 1 Sand (fine) 159 (0.2-1.89) x 10 4 2.88 x 10 3 2.98 x 103 Sand (medium) 255 (0.9-567) x 10 4 1.42 x 10 2 1.47 x 104 Sand (coarse) 158 (0.3-6,610) x 10 4 5.20 x 10-2 5.38 x 104 Gravel 40 (0.3-31.2) x 10 1 4.03 x 10 1 4.17 x 105 Silt 39 (0.09-7,090) x 10 7 2.83 x 10 5 2.93 x 101 Clay 19 (0.1-47) x 10 8 9 x 10 8 9.31 x 10-2 Metamorphic rocks Schist 17 (0.002-1,130) x 10 8 1.9 x 10 4 1.97 x 102 Source:

D. B. McWorther and D. K. Sunada, Ground-Water Hydrology and Hydraulics,

' Water Resources Publications, Fort Collins, Colo., 1977. Reprinted with permis--

sion.

NUREG-1054 2-Appendix B

i u

Table B.4 Distribution coefficients for strontium and cesium Kd ("I 9*)

Condition Sr Cs Basalt, 32-80 mesh, prepared groundwater 16-135 792-9,520 Quartz sand, pH 7.7 1.7-3.8 22-314 Granodiorite, 100-200 mesh, prepared groundwater 4-9 8-9 Granodiorite, 0.5-1 mm, prepared groundwater 11-23 1,030-1,810 Hanford sediments 50 300

. Tuff 45-75 800-1,000 Dolomite, 200 mesh, brine, pH 6.7

• 1 s1-15 Dolomite, 200 mesh, simulated groundwater, pH 7.9 3-5 7-125 Clay, 20-45 mesh, brine, pH 6.8

<1

<1-9 Clay, 20-45 mesh, simulated groundwater, pH 7.7 3-45 30-120 Polyhalite, 200 mesh, brine, pH 6.8 5-22

<1 Sandstone, 200 mesh, brine, pH 7.0

<1 14 Sar.dstone, 200 mesh, simulated groundwater, pH 7.7 1-5 130-140 Basalt, 0.5-4 mm, 300 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS) 220 39 Basalt, 0.5-4 mm, 300 ppm TDS 1,220 280 Basalt, 0.5-4 mm, seawater 1.1 6.5 Soil, pH C.9 143-282 617-1,053 Tuff. 100-200 mesh, prepared groundwater 2,070-3,480 12,000-17,800 Soils 19-43 189-420 luff, chimney rubble, groundwater 400 5,000-8,000 foils, calcium groundwater 9.4-71 250-1,000 Tuff, >0.4 mm, prepared groundwater 260 1,020 Carbonate, >4 mm, prepared groundwater 9.9 13.5 Granite, >4 mm, groundwater

1. 7 34.3 Shaley siltstone, >4 mm, well water 8.32 309 Sandstone, s4 mm, well water

1. 3'i 102 Salt, >4 cm, saturated saltwater 0.19 0.027 Alluvium, 0.5-4 mm, grounJwater 48-2,454 121-3,165 Sanas 13-43 100 Basalt, fractured in situ measurements 3

Dolomite, 100-325 mesh, distilled water, pH 8.3 5.6-12.4 110-2,656 Dolomite, 100-325 mesh, brine, pH 6.5-6.9

-0.8-1.0

-0.3-0.3 Limestone, 100-170 mesh, distilled water, pH 8.3 9.0-13.0 6,540-7,518 Limestone, 100-170 mesh, brine, pH 6.5-6.9

-0.4-0.9

-0.8-0.2 Sandstone, 100-170 mesh, distilled water, pH 8.3 22-37.5 12,195-18,567 Sandstone, 100-325 mesh, distilled water, pH 8.3 12.0-19.2 5,248-6,855 Sandstone, 100-170 mesh, brine, pH 6.5-6.9

-0.3-1.1

-0,1-0.5 Sandstone, 100-325 mesh, brine, pH 6.5-6.9

-0.5-0.7

-0.3-0.8 Dolomite, 4,000 ppm TDS 5-14 Tuff 400 Source:

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG/CR-0912, "Geosciences Data Base Handbook for Modeling a Nuclear Waste Repository," D. Isherwood, Vols.1 and 2, 1981.

NUREG-1054 3

Appendix B

Table B.S. Strontium and cesium distribution coefficients from controlled sample program K ("I!9*)

d Laboratory

• Sr Cs Condition ANL 5.4 1 0.3 65 1 2 Limestone, 20-50 mesh, with AECL 1.8 0.5 1.3 1 0.4 synthetic equilibrated LASL 1.4 1 0.2 88 1 1 groundwater, pH 8.2 2 0.2, LBL 2.4 i 0.1 4925 equilibrated with atmo-spheric 0, solid /sclution LLL 2.7 1 0.5 60 t 30 2

ORNL-I 5.9 1 0.2 227 1 14

= 1 g/15 ml ORNL-II 9.3 1 2.4 663 1 61 PNL

'14.9 i 4.6 880 1 160 RHO 13.4 1 0.6 6.8 1 0.6 ANL 0.18 1 0.01 0.14 1 0.01 Limestone, 20-50 mesh, with AECL 4.2 1 1.6 0.2 1 0.4 synthetic Waste Isolation LASL 0.1 1 0.2

-0.12 1 0.12 Pilot Plant (WIPP) #B brine, LBL 0.1 1 0.1 0.16 1 0.9 pH 6.5 t 0.5, equilibrated LLL 0.9 i 0.4 0.5 1 0.5 with atmospheric 0, solid /

2 ORNL-I 1.0 t 0.1 0.6 1 0.3 solution = 1 g/15 ml ORNL-II 0.9 1 0.1 0.1 1 0.3 PNL 3.4 1 0.3 3.3 1 0.1 RHO 8.0 t 1.2 0.04 1 0.03 ANL 68 1 17 401 1 21 Basalt, 20-50 mesh, with AECL 4116 31 t E synthetic equilibrated LASL 81 1

2c5 4

grounaxater, pH 7.7-6.2, LBL 55 2

296 i 10 equilibrated with LLL 4511 290 t 70 atmospheric 0, 30 lid /

2 ORht-I 89 i 5 380 5

solution = 1 g/15 ml ORNL-II 9316 453 1 12 PNL 92 1 3 380 70 RHO 73 1 4 205 1 7 ANL 0.05 1 0.005 1.48 1 0.05 Basalt, 20-50 mesh, with AECL 2.9 i 0.4 1.4 1 0.4 synthetic WIPP #B brine, LASL 0.2 1 0.2 0.6 1 0.2 pH 7.7-8.2, equilibrated LBL 0.1 1 0.1 1.52 1 0.04 with atomspheric 0, solid /

2 LLL 0.0 1.6 1 0.1 solution = 1 g/15 ml ORNL-I 0.7 1 0.3 2.2 0.2 ORNL-II 0.4 1 0.1 1.79 1 0.01 PNL 3.6 1 0.8 4.6 1 0.3 RHO 0.23 0.02 0.95 1 0.13

• ANL Argonne National Laboratory AECL Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited LASL Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory LBL Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory LLL Lawrence Livermore Laboratory ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL-I and ORNL-II are two inde-pendent groups at ORNL)

PNL Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory i

i RHO Rockwell Hanford Operations Source:

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG/CR-0912 "Geosci-ences Data Base Handbook for Modeling a Nuclear Waste Regulatory,"

0. Isherwood, Vols. 1 and 2, 1981.

NUREG-1054 4

Appendix B

APPENDIX C l

LISTING OF LIQllID PATHWAY PROGRAM "SCREENLP" l

l NUREG-1054

?.

7.

1 i

f' 00100 REM LPGS PROGRAM R CODELL.9/14/63 00110 PRINT ********************************************************

00120 PRINT

/'

00130 PRINT ' LIQUID PATHWAY PROGRAM' 00140 PRINT 'US NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION'

'00150 PRINT 'R CODELL NOV 4,1983*

00160 PRINT 00170 PRINT ' ENTER NAME OF SITE AND TITLE' 00180 INPUT T$

00190 DIN D(3,3),U(30,4),Z(3,30) 00200 REM DOSE FACTORS FOR DRINKING WATER 00210 REM MILLIREM /PIC0 CURIE 00220 READ D(1,1),D(1,2),D(1,3!n 00230 DATA.186E-2,1.21E-44.714E-4 00240 REM READ IN DOSE FACTORS FOR FISH INGESTION FROM SR90,CS134,CS137 00250 REM MILLIREMS /PIC0 CURIE 00260 READ D(2,1),D(2,2),D(2,3) /-

00270 DATA 186E-2,1.21E-4,.714E-4 00280 REM READ IN DOSE FACTORS FOR SHORELINE EXP,SR90,CS134,CS13}

~

00290 REM MILLIREN/HR/PCI/SO.M 00300 READ D(3,1),D(3,2),D(3,3) 00310 DATA 0,1.2E-8,4.2C-9 00320 REM READ IN DECAY CONSTANTS FOR SR90,CS134,CS137 1/YR 00330 READ L(1),L(2),L(3) 00340 DATA.02310,.31507,.023028 00350 REM CORE INVENTORIES FOR LPGS CASE 00360 READ M(1),M(2),M(3) 00370 DATA 6.1E6,2 1E7,8.6E6 00380 REM SUMP "RACTIOl['; FOR LPGS CASE 00390 READ G(1),S(2)fS(3) 00400 DA'A

.24',1.0 1 0 00410 REM WATER TREATMENT PASSING FACTOR FROM LPGS 00420 READ T(1),T(2),T(3) 00430 DATA. 2,. 9,. ?"

00440 REh T.ICACCUMJLATION FACTOR FOR FRESH WATER FOR SR90,CS131,CS137 00450 READ D(1),B(2),B(3) 00460 DATA 5.0,400.0,400.0 00470 REM SHELLFISH FRESH WATER BAF 00480 READ D(4),D(5),B(5) 00490 DATA 100,1000f 1000 00500 REM EDIBLE' PORTION OF FISH 00510 LET E8=.5

,00520 REM OPTIONS FOR GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT

,-00530 PRINT 00540 PRINT **************************

03550 Vr. INT

/

00560 PRINT ' GROUNDWATER TREATMENT OPTIONS

• 00370 PRINT

'1. ENTER GR'.WTR TRANSMITTAL FACTORS

• 00580-PRINT

• FOR SR90,CS134,CS137' 00590 PRINT

'2. ENTER TRAVEL TIME THROUGH GROUND' 00$0C PRINT

'3. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM DARCYS LAW" 00610 PRINT

'4. CALC TRAVEL TIME FROM RECHARGE" 00670 PRINT."

TO. WATER, TABLE' 00630 PRINT "S. CALC TRAVEL TIME IN FRESHWATER'

• 00640 PRINT LENS FOR CDASTAL ENVIRONMENT

• 00650 PRINT ENTER DPTION NUMBER

• 00660 INPUT N4, 90670 ON N4 GOTO 03490, 03540, 03870, 04030, 04550 kbo6PO PRINT JGRNVJATER TRANSMISSION FACTORS' 00690 PRINT,*FOR LPGS WERE'.

00700 PRINT *SR90 =.87802' e

v%

y NUREG-10$4 1

Appendix C

?

3 L:

1-l

.e

4 4

J00710 PRINT *CS134 = 1.1897E-7'

-00720lFRINT 'CS137 =.31164' 00730.LET R1=A(1)/.87802 00740 LET R2=A(2)/1.1807E-07

-00750.LET=R3=A(3)/.31164

'00760 PRINT ' RATIO OF PRESENT SITE GROUNDWATER' l

00770 PRINT 'TRANSHITTAL FACTORS TO LPGS'S' 00780 PRINT 'SR90 a,R1

'00790 PRINTCS134 = ",R2 00800 PRINT 'CS137 = ',R3 00810 LET R4=.001

'00020 IF R1<R4 AND R2<R4 AND R3<R4 THEN PRINT ' CONSIDER STOPPING HERE' 00030 PRINT 00840 PRINT ******************************

0C050 PRINT.

00660 PRINT ' ENTER TYPE OF WATER BODY 1' 00870 PRINT

• 1. RIVER 2.LREAT LAKES' 000t?0 PRINT

'3. ESTUARY

4. COASTAL' 0089A INPUT N3 00900 ON N3 GOTO 00910, 01000, 01090, 01180 00910 REM RIVER SITE.

00920 REM SHORE WIDTH FACTOR 00930 LET F5=.2 00940 REM SHORELINE EROSION FACTORS-00950 LET A4=.63 00960 LET B4=.37 00970 LET A5=1.406 00980 LET Bb=.007702 00990 GOTO 01260 01000 REM GREAT LAKES SITE 01010 REP SHORE WIDTH FACTOR 01020 LE T ~ F5=.3 01030 REM SHORELINE EROSION F ACiORS i

01040 LET A4=.63 01050 LET D4=.37 01060 LE1 AS=1.406

^

01070 LET B5*.007702 01080 GOTC 01260 01090 REM ESTUARY SITE 01100 REM SHORE WIDTH FACTOR 01110 LET F5=1 01100 REM SHORE WIDTH FACTORS 01130 LET A4=.05 01140 LET B4=.95 i

01150 LET A5=1.406 01160 LET B5=.007702 il 01170 GOTO 01260-01180 REM OCEAN SITE 01190 REM SHORE WIDTH FACTOR 01200 LET F5=.5

~01210 REM SHORELINE EROSION FACTORS 01220 LET A4=.9

'01230 LET'04=.1 1-01240 LET A5=16.867 01250 LET B5=1.406 01260 REN RELAXATIDH TIMES FOR'SPORELINE' EXPOSURE 01270 FOR I=1 TO 3 01280 LET H(I)=A4/(L(I)+A5)+B4/(L(I)+D5) 01290 NEXT-I 01300 IF N3<3 THEN 01340 01310 READ.B(1),B(2),B(3),D(4),B(5),B(6) i

--01320 DATA 2,40,40,20 25,25 NUREG-1054 2

Appendix C i

Li' '

01331 IF N3=4 THEN 0168'O

01340..PRItJT

• ENTER NUMBER OF SEGMENTS.IN WATER DODY'.

.01350 INPUT N1 01360 PRINT *EUTER NUMBER OF DRINKING UATER USERS,'

01370. PRINT *FINFISH CATCH, POUtJDS,

• 01380 PRINT ' SHELLFISH CATCH, POUNDS' 01390 PRINT 'AND SHORELIf1E USER HOURS IN EACH SEGMENT" 01400 FOR I=1 TO N1 01410. -PRINT " SEGMENT';I; 01420

. INPUT U(I,1),U(I,2),U(I,4),U(I,3)'

01430 NEXT--I--

01440 REM GPTIONS FOR DILUTION CALCULATIONS

.01450 PRINT 01460 PRINT '*********************** '

.01470 PRIi1T 01430-PRINT 'DILUTIOil FACTOR OPTIONS' 01490 PRINT *1. READ IN DILUTIONS' 01500 PRINT '2. CALCULATE NUCLIDE SPECIFIC DIL' 01510 PRINT

.FROM SED LOADS IN RIVER OR LAKES' 01520 PRINT '3. CALC DILUTIONS FROM SALINITY

• 01530 PRINT "

PROFILE-IN ESTUARY'

-01540 PRINTEiJTER OPTION NUMBER" 01550 INPUT ~N2 01560 ON N2 COSUB 01580, 02770, 03330 01570 GOTO 01680 01500 REM READ IN DILUTIOrJS

'01590 PRINT 01600 PRINT'*******************************************************

01610 PRINT 01620 PRINT

• ENTER DILUT.FOR SR90,CC134,CS137 If1 EACH SEG' 01630 FOR I=1 TO N1 1.

01640 PRItJT ' SEGMENT' I; 01650 INPUT Z(1,I),Z(2,1),Z(3,I) 01660 NEXT I

-01670 RETURN 01680 RFil MEiJU FOR DATA CHANGES 01690 PRINT 01700 PRINT "***************************

01710 PRINT 01720 PRItJT ' CHANGE LPGS BASE PARAMETERS?'

01730 PRINT ' CHANGE:'

01740 PRINT '1.BI0 ACCUMULATION FACTORS

• 01750-PRINT '2. CORE INVENTORY' 01760 PRINT

'3. SUMP RELEASE FRACTION" 01770~ PRINT *4. WATER TREATMENT FACTOR' 01780 PRINT '5. EDIBLE FISH' PORTION' 01790 PRINT "6.NO MOREJCHANGES' 01800 PRINT

• SELECT OPTION NUMBER' 01810 INPUT N7 01820 PRINT:

01030 PRIf1T "******************************************************

01840 PRINT 01850 Of1 N7 GOTO 01860, 01950, 01990, 02030, 02070, 02110 01860 PRINT ' INPUT FINFISH DAF FOR SR AND CS*

01870 PRINT 'OLD VALUES'WERE ',D(1),B(2) 01880 INPUT B(1),B(2) 01890 LET.B(3)=B(2)

~01900 PRINT ' INPUT. SHELLFISH DAF FOR SR AND CS'

'01910 PRINT 'OLD VALUES WERE',D(4),B(5) 1 01920' INPUT B(4),D(5)'

01930 LET B(6)=B(5)-

NUREG-1054 3-Appendix C

01940 GOTO 01730 01950 PRINT ' INPUT CORE INVENTORY FOR SR90,CS134,CS137' 01960 PRINT-*OLD VALUES =',M(1),M(2),M(3),'CI' 01970 INPUT M(1),M(2),M(3)

<01980.GOTO 01730.

01990 PRINT ' INPUT SUMP RELEASE FACTORS FOR SR90,CS134,CS137' 02000-PRINT 'OLD VALUES =',S(1),S(2),S(3) 02010 INPUT S(1),S(2),S(3) 02020 GOTO 01730 02030 PRINT ' INPUT WAT. TREAT PASSING FACTORS FOR SR90,CC134,CS137' 02040 PRINT 'OLD VALUES

",T(1),T(2),T(3)

=

02050 INPUT-T(1),T(2),T(3).

02060~GOTO 01730 02070' PRINT " INPUT PORTION OF FISH THAT IS EATEN" 02080 PRINT "0LD VALUE =

',EB-

'02090 INPUT E8 02100 GOTO 01730 02110 REM CALCULATE DOSES 02120 IF N3=4 THEN 05000 1

02130' REM CONVERSION FOR DR. WATER 02140 LET C5=730*1.E+12*.001/(28.3*86400*365) 02150 REM DRINKING WATER DOSE 02160 DIM Y(4,4)

02170 FOR I=1 TO 3 02180 LET Y(I,1)=0 02190 FOR J=1 T.0 N1 02200 LET Y(I,1)=Y(I,1)+M(I)*S(I)*A(I)*T(I)*D(1,1)*U(J,1)*Z(1,J)*C5 02210 NEXT J 02220 NEXT I 02230 PRINT 02240 PRINT ***************************

O2250 PRINT ' CALCULATED POPULATION DOSES

• O2260 PRINT ***************************

02270 PRINT' 02280 PRINT ' DRINKING WATER DOSE, PERSON RENS' 02290 PRINT 'SR90 = *,Y(1,1) 02300 PRINT."CS134 = ",Y(2,1) 02310 PRINT "CS137 = ",Y(3,1) 02320 LET Y(4,1)=Y(1,1)+YC2,1)+Y(3,1)

.02330 PRINT ' TOT DRINK WTR DOSE =

',Y(4,1),' PERSON, REMS

• O2340 REM FIN AND SHELL FISH INGESTION DOSE O2350 REM CONVERSION FOR FISH 02360 LET C6=1.E+12/(28.3*1000*2.22*365*86400) 02370 REM CORRECT FOR EDIBLE PORTION OF FISH 02380 LET C6=C6*E8' 02390.FOR'I=1 TO 3 02400 LET Y(I,2)=0 02410 FOR J=1 TO N1 02420.

_LET.C8=U(J,2)*D(I)4U(J,4)*B(I+3) 02430 LET Y(I,2)=Y(I,2)+M(I)* SCI)*A(I)*D(2,I)*CD*Z(I,J)*C6-02440 NEXT J 02450 NEXT'I 02460 PRINT 02470 PRINT ' AQUATIC FOOD INGESTION DDSE IN PERSON-REMS' 02480 PRINT 02490 PRINT 'SR90 = *,Y(1,2) 02500 PRINT 'CS134 = *,Y(2,2) 02510 PRINT 'CS137 = ',Y(3,2) 02520 LET Y(4,2)=Y(1,2)+Y(2,2)+Y(3,2) 02530 PRINT ' TOTAL FISH INGESTION DOSE =

• ,Y(4,2),' PERSON REMS

• 02540 REM SHORELINE EXPOSURE NUREG-1054 4

Appendix C

. 02550 REM CONVERSION FOR SHORELINE EXP 02560 LET C7=631*40*1.E+12/(28.3*B6400*365*1000) 02570 FOR I=1 TO 3 02580 LET Y(I,3)=0 02590 FOR J=1 TO N1 02600 LET Y(I,3)=Y(I,3)+M(I)*S(I)*A(I)*D(3,I)*U(J,3)*H(I)*Z(I,J)*C7*F5 02610.. NEXT J 02420 NEXT I 02630' PRINT 02640 PRINT " SHORELINE EXPOSURE DOSE, PERSON REMS' 02650 PRINT

-02660 PRINT 'SR90 = *,YC1,3) 02670 PRINT 'CS134 = ",Y(2,3) 02680 PRINT 'CS137 =-",Y(3,3) 02690 LET Y(4,3)=Y(1,3)+Y(2,3)+Y(3,3)

O2700 PRINT " TOTAL SHORELINE EXPOSURE = ',Y(4,3),'PERCON REMS'

'02710 REM TOTAL DOSE O2720 LET'Y9=Y(4,1)+Y(4,2)+Y(4,3) 02730 PRINT 02740 PRINT-" TOTAL POPULATION DOSE FOR LPGS' 02750 PRINT " COMPARISON =

',Y9,' PERSON REMS

• O2760 STOP.

02770 REM DILUTION IN RIVERS AND LAKES WITH SED.

02780 PRINT 02790 PRINT

• ENTER KD FOR SR AND CS IN SED,ML/GM" 02800 INPUT R(1),R(2) 02810 LET R(3)=R(2) 02820 DIM K(9) 02830 PRINT

• ENTER KF COEFFICIENT' 02840 PRINT *(WAS 1.3 FT/YR IN LPGS)*

02850 INPUT K1 02860 PRINT ' ENTER SED EFFICIENCY" 02870 INPUT K2 02880 PRINT ' ENTER SEDIMENT DEPTH IN' 02890 PRINT ' RESERVOIR SEGMENTS,FT' 02900 INPUT K(8) 02910 PRINT

• ENTER SEDIMENT DENSITY,GM/CC" 02920 INPUT K3 02930 FOR I=1 TO 3 02940 LET R(I)=R(I)*K3 02950 NEXT I-02960 PRINT ~

02970 PRINT 'FOR EACH RIVER SEGMENT, ENTER:'

02980 PRINT "1.FLOWRATE LEAVING SEG CU FT/SEC' 02990 PRINT

'2. VOLUME OF, SEGMENT,CU FT" 03000 PRINT "3.AV DEPTH FT' 03010 PRINT

'4. SEDIMENTATION VEL. FT/YR' 03020 FOR I=1 TO N1 03030 PRINT " SED.'iII 03040 INPUT K(5),K(6),KC7),V1 03050 REM CONVERT FLOW TD-CU FT/YR 03060 LET K(5)=K(5)*365*86400 03070 FOR J=1 TO 3 03080 LET K(1)=K1/(K(7)*R(J))

03090

-LET K(2)=K(5)/K(6)+L(J)+K2*VI*R(J)/K(7)ihi/K(7) 03100 LET K(3)=(K2*Vi*R(J)+K1)/K(8) 03110 LET K(4)=L(J)+K2*V1/K(C)fK1/(K(0)*R(J))

03120 IF I>1 THEN 03150

~

03130 LET W9=1 03140 GOTO 03160 03150 LET W9=Z(J.I-1)*01 NUREG-1054 5

Appendix C t

1 3 ;

i 031'60' LET Z(J,I)=W9/(KC6)*(K(2)-K(1)*K(3)/K(4)))

03170' NEXT-J

-03180 LET 01=K(5) 03190-NEXT I

-03200 REM CONVERT.DIL TO SEC/CU FT

03210 FOR:I=1 TO N1.

.03220 FOR J=1 TO 3 03230 LET Z(J,I)=Z(J,I)*365*86400

-03240 NEXT J 03250 NEXT.I 03260 PRINT 03270 PRINT

• EFFECTIVE DILUTIONS,SEC/FT"3' 03280 PRINT *SEG",'SR90','CS134=,"CS137' 03290 FOR I=1'TO N1-03300 PRINT I,Z(1,I),Z(2,I),Z(3,I) 03310 NEXT I 03320' RETURN

-03330 REM 03340 PRINT 03350 PRINT ' ENTER SEAWATER SALINITY, PPT' 03360 INPUT SS 03370 PRINT ' ENTER SALINITY.IN EACH SEGMENT, PPT' 033SO PRINT 'AND FRESHWATER THRUPUT,CFS' 03390 FOR I=1 TO N1 03400-PRINT ' SEGMENT *iI; 03410 INPUT S4,05 03420-LET Z(1,I)=(1-S4/S5)/05 03430 LET Z(2,I)=Z(1,1) 03440 LET Z(3,I)=Z(1,I) 03450 PRINT 03460 PRINT ' DILUTION IN SEGMENT =",Z(1,I) 03470 NEXT I 03400 RETURN 03490 REM READ IN GROUNDWATER PASSAGE FACTORS 03500 PRINT 03510 PRINT ' INPUT FRACTIONS OF SR90,CS134,CS137' 03520 INPUT A(1),A(2),A(3) 03530 GOTO 00600 03540 REM A CALCULATED FROM TRAVEL TIME 03550 PRINT 03560 PRINT ' INPUT TRAVEL TIME FOR GROUNDWATER, YRS' 03570 INPUT T1 03580 REM OPTION TO CALC OR INPUT RD 03590 PRINT

• ENTER 1 TO INPUT RD FACTORS" 03600 PRINT

• ENTER 2 TO CALC RD FACTORS

• 03610 INPUT 15 03620 IF 15<>1 THEN 03670 i

03630 PRINT

• INPUT RD FOR SR AND CS" 03640 INPUT R(1),R(2) 03650 LET R(3)=R(2),

03660 GOTO 03790 03670 REM CALCULATE RD-03680 PRINT

• ENTER KD(ML/GM) FOR SR AND CS' a

03690 INPUT R(1),R(2) 03700 LET R(3)=R(2) l 03710 PRINT ' ENTER liULN DENSITY OF COIL (GM/ML) AND TCTAL PORDSITY' 03720-INPUT D5,P5 03730 FOR I=1 TO 3 03740 LET R(I)=1+D5*R(I)/P5 03750 NEXT I

.03760 PRINT ' RETARDATION FACTORS

• NUREG-1054 6

Appendix C-L-

c e

e :-

s 03770 PRINT 'SR90 =

,R(1)

'03780 PRINT 'CS137 AND CS134 = ",R(2)

.03790'FOR I=1 TO 3

-03800

~LET A(I)=EXP(~L(I)*T1*R(I))

03810 NEXT I

.03820. PRINT ' GROUNDWATER. PASSAGE FACTORS

• 03830 PRINT 'SR90 = ",A(1)

'03840 PRINT *CS134 = ',A(2) 03850. PRINT 'CS137:= *,A(3) 03860 GOTO 00680 03870 REM TRAVEL TIME FROM SLOPE-HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY 03880 PRINT 103890 PRINT ' ENTER DISTANCE FROM' 03900 PRINT SOURCE TO WATER DODY, FEET"

-03910-INPUT X1 03920 PRINT *ENTlR HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY,FT/YR';

-03930 INPUT P1 03940 PRINT ' ENTER EFFECTIVE POROSITY *;

03950 INPUT NS 03960 PRINT ' ENTER SLOPE TOWARD WATER BODY-FT/FT';

03970 INPUT S1 03980 LET U1=S1*P1/N5 03990 LET T1=X1/U1

\\

04000 PRINT " GROUNDWATER SPEED,FT/YR',U1 04010 PRINT ' TRAVEL TIME,YR =

• ,T1 04020 GOTO 03580 04030 REM RECHARGE RECHARGE ON A SLOPED WATER TABLE 04040 REM CALCULATE MOUND HT AND TRAVEL TIME 04050 REM H2= THICKNESS OF LAYER AT STREAM,FT 04060 REN L2=DIST STREAM TO TOP OF HILL 04070 REM L1=DIST STREAM TO SOURCE 04080 REM N= INFILTRATION FT/YR 04090 REM Pl= HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY FT/YR i

04100 REM Si= SLOPE OF HILL 04110 REN N5= EFFECTIVE FORDSITY 04120 PRINT 04130 PRINT ' ENTER DIST FROM TOP OF' 04140 PRINT

• HILL TO SINK,FT' 04150 INPUT L2 L

04160 PRINT

• ENTER DISTANCE FROM*

04170 PRINT

• SOURCE TO SINK rFT' 04180 INPUT L1 l

04190 PRINT ' ENTER THICKNESS OF SATURATED'

.04200 PRINT LAYER AT SINK,FT' l-04210 INPUT H2 04220 PRINT ' ENTER RECHARGE,FT/YR' l

04230 INPUT N 04240 PRINT ' INPUT HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY,FT/YR' 04250 INPUT P1 4

04260 PRINT ' INPUT SLOPE OF LAND >v' l

04270 INPUT S1 04280 PRINT ' INPUT EFFECTIVE POROSITY' l

04290 INPUT N5-f 04300 LET.X=L2 04310 LET X1=L2 l

-04320 LET T1=0 04330.LET H1=H2 I

04340 LET D1=L1/100 04350 FOR I=1 TO 100 04360 GOSUB 04520 04370 LET X1=X-D1 l

NUREG-1054 7

Appendix C L

i

~

l04380 LET H1=H2+F*D1 04390 LET F1=F 04400 GOSUB 04520

-04410 LET X=X1 04420 LET H2=(F+F1)*D1/2+H2 04430 LET H1=H2

'04440 ~

LET T1=T1+D1/(N*(Xf.5*D1)/(H2*N5))

04450 NEXT~I 04460 PRINT ' TRAVEL TIME, YEARS =

',T1 04470 PRINT ' MAXIMUM MOUND THICKNESS,FT =

• ,H2 04480 PRINT "WARNINGil8 - BE SURE THAT MOUND 04490 PRINT ' THICKNESS DOESN'T EXCEED MAX' 04500' PRINT AGUIFER THICKNESS'-

04510 GOTO'03580 04520 REM FUNCTION OF INTEGRAL 04530 LET F=N*X1/(Pi*H1)-S1-04540 RETURN 04550. REM RECHARGE IN FRESHWATER LENS 04560 REM R CODELL 5/13/03 04570 REM INPUT NE, RECHARGE,K,L,L1,L2, DENSITY-DIFF-CALC T 04580 REM N5= EFFECTIVE POROSITY,R= RECHARGE FT/ YEAR 04590 REM Pl= HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, FT/ YEAR 04600 REM L3=DIST.TO GNDWTR HIGH 04610 PRINT 04620 PRINT ' ENTER EFFECTIVE POROSITY' 04630 INPUT N5 04640 PRINT " ENTER HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY,FT/YR'

'04650 INPUT-P1 04660 PRINT ' ENTER DISTANCE FROM CENTER

04670 PRINT '0F LENS TO SEA,FT' 04680 INPUT L3 04690 PRINT ' ENTER ~ DISTANCE FROM SOURCE' 04700 PRINT TO SEA, FT' 04710 INPUT

'_1 04720 PRINT

• ENTER RECHARGE,FT/YR' 04730 INPUT R5 04740 REM FOR FRESHWATER-SALTWATER 04750 LET Di=40 04760 REM SINK ASSUMED AT SHORELINE 04770 LET L2=0 04700'LET Al=L3 04790 LET X=L3-L2 04800 GOSUB 04960 04810 LET T2=T4 04020 LET X=L3-L1 04830 GOSUD 04960

-04840 LET T1=T4 04850 LET T3aT2-T1 04860 REM MAX MOUND HEIGHT 04870 LET H1=(1+D1)*L3*SOR(R5/((1+D1)*P1))

04880 PRINT 'TR. TIME, YEARS =',T3 04090 PRINT

• MAX MOUND HT,FT=',H1 04900 PRINT

'04910 PRINT 'WARNINGi l l -- DE SURE TO CHECK' 04920 PRINT 'THAT MOUND HT DOESN'T EXCEED THICKNESS

• 04930 PRINT '0F AGUIFER. IF S0 VALUES CHOSEN MAY BE INAPPROPRIATE' 04940 LET T1=T3 04950 GOTO 03580 04960 LET C=SOR(A1 2-X"2) 04970 LET T4=N5/SOR(Pl*R5)*(C-A1* LOG ((A14C)/X))

04980 LET T4=T4*SOR(1+D1)

-04990 RETURN NUREG-1054_

8 Appendix C

U

.05000 REM ROUTINE FOR COASTAL FISH DOSE 05010 DIM P(200),0(200) 05020 PRINT ' INPUT DRIFT. CURRENT,M/D(LPGS=4320)*

'05030 INPUT U1 05040 PRINT ' INPUT EFFECTIVE DEPTH,M(LPGS=10)"

05050 INPUT D1 05060 PRINT ' INPUT NO OF OFFSHORE REGIONS

• 05070 INPUT N1 05080 PRINT 'FOR EACH REGION INPUT:"

05090 PRINT

• 1. WIDTH OF REGION,KM' 05100 PRINT '2.FINFISH CATCH,KG/HA/YR' 05110 PRINT

'3. SHELLFISH CATCH,KG/HA/YR' 05120 FOR I=1 TO N1

-05130 PRINT ' REGION *iIl 05140 INPUT W(I),G(I),0(I) 05150 NEXT I 05160 PRINT ' INPUT NUMBER OF LONGSHORE INCREMENTS <=200*

05170 INPUT M3 05180 PRINT ' INPUT LONGSHORE INCREMENT,KM" 05190 INPUT D3 05200 PRINT ************************************************************

05210 PRINT

• NOTE: MAY TAKE A MINUTE' 05220 PRINT ************************************************************

05230 LET C1=1/(Di*SOR(3.14159*U1))

05240 LET C2=-U1/4 05250 LET C3=191900/U1"1.34 05260 LET Pl=18500000 05270 REM GENERATE P(X) TABLES 05280 FOR I=1 TO M3 05290 LET P2=C3*((I.5)*D3*1000)"2.34+P1 05300 LET P(I)=C1/SOR(P2) 05310 LET 0(I)=C2/P2 05320 NEXT I 05330 LET S1=0 05340 LET S2=0 05350 REM INT CONC

• FISH IN SEGS 05360 LET Y1=0 05370 FOR N1=1 TO N1 05380 PRINT ' WORKING ON REGION',K1 05390 LET Y2=Y1+W(N1) 05400 REM INTEGRATION INCREMENT 05413 LET D2=W(K1)/5 05420 LET D6=D2*D3 05430 FOR J=1 TO 5 05440 LET Y3=Y1+(J.5)*D2 05450 LET Y6=Y3"2*1000000 05460 FOR I=1 TO M3 05470 LET G6=P(I)*EXP(0(I)*Y6)*D6 05480 LET Si=Si+G6*G(K1)

I 05490 LET S2=S2+G6*0(K1) 05500 NEXT I 05510 NEXT J 05520 LET Y1=Y2 05530 NEXT K1 05540 REM KG/CU M 03550 FOR I=1 TO 3 05560 LET Y(I,2)=S1*M(I)*S(I)*A(I)*D(2,1)*D(I)*273973 05570 LET Y(I,2)=Y(I,2)+S2*M(I)*S(I)*A(I)*D(2,I)*D(I+3)*273973 05580 NEXT I 05590 PRINT *AOUATIC FOOD INGESTION DOSE PERSON REM' 05600 PRINT NUREG-1054 9

Appendix C

. =

'05610 PRINT 'SR90 =',Y(1,2) 05620 PRINT 'CS134 =',Y(2,2) 05630 PRINT 'CS137 =',Y(3,2) 05640 LET Y(4,2)=Y(1,2)+Y(2,2)+Y(3,2) 05650 PRINT ' TOTAL FISH INGESTION DOSE =*

05660 PRINT Y(4,2),' PERSON REMS *

.05670 REM SHORELINE DOSE.

05680 PRINT ' INPUT SHORELINE USE, USER-HOURS PER LINEAR KILOMETER OF BEACH' 05690 INPUT 01 05700 LET S2=0 l

05710 FOR I=1 TO M3

'05720 LET S2=S2+P(I)*D3 05730.NEXT I 05740 FOR I=1 TO 3 05750 LET Y(I,3)=S2*01*F5*M(I)*S(I)*A(I)*D(3,I)*69150000*H(I) 05760 NEXT I 05770 PRINT ' SHORELINE DOSE IN PERSON REMS

• j 05780 PRINT 05790 PRINT 'SR90 =

,Y(1,3) 05800 PRINT 'CS134 = ",Y(2,3)

)

05810 PRINT "CS137 = ',Y(3,3) 05020 LET Y(4,3)=Y(2,3)+Y(3,3) 05030 PRINT ' TOTAL SHORELINE POPULATION DOSE =

05840 PRINT YC4,3),' PERSON REMS' 05850 PRINT 05860 LET Y(4,4)=Y(4,2)+Y(4,3) 05070 PRINT ' TOTAL POPULATION DOSE FOR LPOS COMPARISON =

05880 PRINT Y(4,4)," PERSON RENS*

05890 STOP 05900 END NUREG-1054 10 Appendix C D

c-NRC PGAM 3B u $ NUC6L&a AEGULATQav Cove:$$ ION

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NUREG-1054 BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET 2 Leeve D.ena e RECIPsENT 5 ACCESSsON NUM6ER 3 TITLE AND $USTITLE Simplified An is for Liquid Pathway Studies oArt aEPcf COuPurio MONTH TEAR Decesber 1983 i OAT [EPORT ISSUED 6 AUTHORi$3

.Op p E AR Richard B. Codell Afgust 1984 9

OJECitT A14< WORK UNIT NuwSER DRE SS fiacr de le Codel 8 8 ERFORMING ORGANtzATION NAWE AND MAlUNG u

Division of Engineering J

Office of Nuclear Reactor Reg ation U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commiss

.n Washington, DC 20555 11 5+0N50 RING ORGANaZATION NAME AND M A' LING ADDRES5 ##acmadr I adre 12e T VPE OF REPORT Same as 8 above 120 PE RsOO COVE RED liaceus,we seress 13 SUPPLEMENT ARY NOTES Computer Program available from author

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The analysis of the potential contamination of surface.ter via groundwater contamination from severe nuclear accidents is utinely alculated during licensing reviews. This analysis is facilitate. by the me.ods described in this report, which is codified into a BASIC la uage comput program, SCREENLP.

This program performs simplified calculations or groundwater nd surface water transport and calculates population doses to otential users o he contami-nated water irrespective of possible mitiga on methods. The re its are then compared to similar analyses performed usi data for the generic tes in NUREG-0440, " Liquid Pathway Generic Study" to determine if the sit being investigated would pose any unusual liqui pathway hazards.

15a E EY WO8tOS AND DOCuYE NT ANALYSf 5 igo gggggsp rong Liquid Pathways Risk analysis Groundwater Surface water Transport

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