Text

Forwards Comments on marked-up Nuclear Safety Article, Medical & Legal Implications of Large Release of Radioiodine. Fr Notice Encl
	ML20010F643
Person / Time
Issue date:	08/21/1979
From:	Gossick L; NRC OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS (EDO)
To:	;
References
	TASK-IR, TASK-SE SECY-79-497, NUDOCS 8109110066
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s'/C. O n u 6. J b iw.

UNITED STATES

(

.lu cus t 21, 1979 NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSIOP-SECV-79 897 WASHINGTON, D. C. 2o555 INFORMATION REPORT dito.

For:

The Commissioners hk-M From:

Robert B. Minogue, Director 4

Office of Standards Development M'(( I 9

\\0 Thru:

Lee V. Gossick

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g Execut,ive Director for Operations

Subject:

THYROID PROTECTION t

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Purcose:

To provide the Commission with the staff's review n

in Nuclear Safety entitled " Medical and Legal Implica '

a Large Release of Radiciodine." (Enclosure i)

Discussion:

In a June 22, 1979 memorandum, Commissionce Kennedy' requested a review of the above referenced article.

This article presents calculations of thyroid cancers that'would result from the release of large amounts of radiofodine.

In addition it compares', superficially, the al*.ernatives of evacua-tion', thyroid blocking and confiscation of rcilk, alteration of dairy cow feed sources and monitoring the food chain.

Further, it presents an analysis of long-term legal and medical effects and recemends the distribution and storage of potassium iodide, KI, for use in the case of releases where potential doses are 30 rads or greater.

In reviewing this article, we found no fault in the calculations based on the author's assumptions.

The legal problems analyzed in the article related to such subjects as the availability of KI, compensation of cancer cases and che statue of limitations.

ELD I

notes that though it should be granted that the article's authors would have had to spend considerable time and effort to I

analyze the many highly complex and sophisticated legal issues they had raised, nonetheless their conclusions were not backed by reasoned legal analyses.

It should also be noted that the i

article was written before December 15, 1978, when the FDA published a Federal Register Notice, concluding that XI is safe and l

effective for use as a thyroid blocking agent in a radiation emergency under certain specified m. f

..s (sae Enclosure 2).

I Therefore, the legal problem of availaoility er'.isioned in the article is moot.

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Contact:

l M. A. Parsont - 35854 l

h 9 h 66 790821 1

79-497 PDR

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The Commissioners 2

The Staff's plan and conclusions with respect to the use of KI are contained in the memorandum on the use of thyroid blocking agents to Commissioner Ahearne from Harold Denton, August 15', 1979 (Enclosure 3).

2

h. ME Robert B. Minogue, Director Office of Standards Development

Enclosures:

1.

" Medical and Legal Implications of a large Release of Radioiodine" from Nuclear Safety 2.

December 15, 1978 FR Notice 3.

Memo to Comissioner Ahearne from H. Denton DISTRIBUTION Commissioners Commission Staff Offices Exec Dir for Operations ACRS Secretariat 4

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A BDIONTHLY TECHNICAL PROGRESS REVIEW prepared in cooperation with Nuclear S:rety Information Center, 02k Ridge S:tional Laboratory, for D:visier. of Technied Info:mstion, ERDA l

ENCLQSURE 1

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Medical and Legal implications of a Large Release of Radioiodine By F. A. Mettler, Jr.,* C. A. Kelsey,t and M. S. Baram?

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o Austra::: D:tc from NCRP Report No. JJ by the Nationcl and CA.14052 from the Sation21 Cana: Ins:i:ute, Counts! on R:di: tion Protee: ion and Me:::rements are used in Division of Res:1tch Resou:::s and Centus and by the e hy;otheri:e! release sirJ:: ion to detineare the gotenri:1 U. S. Energy Resench ind D:velopment Ah:'nistrz-mes::t ced stret problems th:: may crtse from su_ch grut::::,

4r..;n.:i.au o.r v.ese problems nnas:stes tin:t the effects of liCG b r:iiandine re! :se are the rnost imoorr:nt end th:t ruiserines important fa: tors in the calcul1tions at: Compo-por :can:reme:surcs and follow up c:: ion must be snetoped,.

n:n:s of the telets:, A:s and duta:iQn oi:el:152. path

ri promuipted..%Io:..es gut:eunes casto on tne nypotnettC:t znf Spuf of plume dist:ibution. densi y 2nd d2::ibu=

rh;u :r. ~tsv:;ri cnd itscussed.

non et :n: scou,.: tion. and ::::inot:ni: esdmnes'.

a Tne p: lif::snen of nu;ie r power piints throughout tne :ountry na centered the attention of the pub..ti:

MODEL AND METHOD and 6: news media on the possibility of a nucl ::

res: tor s::ident with a lug: releas: of rzdiez:tidty. In The r:c:nt publi:ation by the.....szaonal Coun::.1 on

. 2::ident involdng a uranium.iueled r::c:or with Radiat:en Protection and Measurements (SCRP) ci

Gu gis or !! uid coolan: the rel:ase of radio:odines SCRP Repor: No. 55 (Rei. 3), wh::h was rmewed in is sima, tor bioiopc21 consecuen:.8.

. tn: pre at.ng uu:!:. ha..s ma:: 2vaua:ie = exaum:

M::h s:cdy has been dire:ted towz d th: use of 2naays:s anc summuy o: :n: :iologi::l efie::s. ht:rds, Gyrad-blocking 2 :nts, and evz:utuon to redua :h:

an., :ountum:ssures thn.:..;n: = :ensicere,. : enow.

dos :c $: gen::11 population resuhing from inhdt.

in; a luge r: ins F ::diciodine. A lt:g: rei::s was

. =.-

--. 2 non 2nd ingestien of ridi5 iodine. The euroes: of this cettned.in tne repo:: :s a situtuen :n w:u:n u: :o.r-2 a::i:!: s to provide an ex2mpl: of a cal:ulation of the.

of tne iodme in th: core invento:y was avais. !e to:

cinoceni: :ficcts of a large release of radiciodines in r:letse. The report in iuc:s tnysoi: cose esam:t:s for

.a reelistt: settine and to us: this example to exzmin:

1 p+,cstuisted loss-of-coolant a::ident wi:h cons::vative

=

w.d resu; su%

e';w.,p-o.or.ne :::ase of fission products v

an c^ vuurs th: vanous f2::ts of the problem. R:2. son:bi: long.

t::= medi:2 an:! leytl guid:hnes at: formuisted and 2nd assumptions about their transpor:.Cor:serr:rivein cisYunec (Thes: investigstions wer: supported in part this context means a release of anMty severzi or,ders

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a by U.S. Publi: H:2!th Service Gr nts Sos.CA.16127 of magnitud: lug : thzn that ci a re:!is:!: a::id:st. A 5 re,clis" 2:cid:nt is on that hu a r: sonab!: (dthough low. probabili y of o::ur :n=. For the purpose cithis

Fred A. Me: tie:. Jr St.D., ht.P.H. is Assis:mt hofessor article, we have chosen to an21yn and discuss the of R2diolosy =J Chi ! of Disponir Ims;ing :t the UtJv::sity consecuen: s of boiline-water.res: tor (BWR) reiras:s (

of New M:x!:o Canc:: Research and Trea:m:nt Center in

.of rad:c. dm.e undu.ooi t,;jLcas,:x1'iv? ind rel.t' i te Albuque que. N. Met He has been acuve in the fi:td of nxts2: safety ed is cur:ently medic 21 consul::n: to severs!

21sumetigs The cons:rvadv: c2!:u!ation consis:: of 2

nu.!::: etimy compuies.

model and meteorologi:21 usumptions that razy be

+Cha:iss A. Kelsey. Ph.D.. is Professor of R:diology and used in the 52istv evaluation of 2 nucles: power plzn:,

Chief of Biornedical Physics a: th: Unive:sity of New Meuco 2nd tne rezasu: mo::1 assumeu.ons 2:: sim:,n to thos:

i..

C23:c: Rese2::h 2nd Tre2..nent Cen:: in Albuqu: rote.

used in the endronment:1 s.ttem:nt.

i N.M:t He se. sed as Chai r:an of th: Univ:: sir of Wis:onsta R:d::co: Safety Comrnitter for ? ye: s and is curren:ly a Th: BWR conse:vativ: mod:! tssumes a power level m:mb:: of the U..iversity of New Meu:o Tud.12u:a Connot of 34!5 MW(t), an operation tim: of 3 ye :s,2nd 2 Core.i::::

p.imuv ' cont inrnen: 1 tk

._t:

of 0.5Gidsy. The

M. 5. Baram. L.! 3. F. P:ofesso: of Law at :ae Frankha or tn: io:.:n:

s., : c::m:n:11.,::

commennon e.-

P:::ce L:w Cea:e:.in C:,n:o:d. N. H. 2r.d cu::::# p:2::::s agame. and 2% puu, u,n:. wii enzust m.ees ear.::: men:2! iar S.ith 3::: ken. Setir. 2nd m::m. N: was c:ene::s of 90 to 955. I: is Iso :ssumed in iii fc:=::i> c:h :h: ': par:m:nt of En;.neenn's ac Maum.usn:s

! ::::: cf Tecanology.

-im :v. :ontdnment lesn.

.cc s di::: !.v :o i Nt::. EAR SMkiv.Vot. 19, N's, t, Ne mos.-necmot.193 s

--. :*::A* %

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s*

742, ENVIRONFAINTAL EFFECT3 s:2ndby gu.tt::tm:n: syn:= wh::e part of th: iodin:

T:ble 1 Expected Cz<es of Tnyroid Cancer in

s : moved. Tn: r: hs:i: mod:! assum:s som: mixing Ponulated Model for Vuious Risk Estimates of the pamary :entnam:n: lea.kage in the rea:to:

builin;. The 1:akag: from de pnmuy containment Risk estimates

.(0.25% d:y) is assum:d to go dinctly to the exh:ust 0.2x10 'l 0.067 x10 ' /

head:: from the rea:to building wh:r: 1.8% of the 4 10 ?/ heu)(r26)

(yeuxrast tot:1 flow is exh:cted throughs the standby gu.

(yeu)(rad) (chudr and (children and t::nment.syst':m i!!I::.a (chDdien)"

shhit adults):

g.e nave :nosen to :or:ste:: a rea: tor m a s:tung m 3.2 kr (2 mDes) w'.: s 6 :r: ue 500 peo:1: living approxim:t:lv Ahl:s (100) 2.4 '

O.6 0.2 2.. k:n (., m. des) c.ornvud trem the u.

d a smzll to.wn with a oc.culnion of 5.000.:r.te zn C :Idren (100) 5.0 0..a

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0.1 1 sons within a E.04-un (5. mil:) radius. In addition. we hav zisumed a 8.0 kin (5 miles) large:.tewn with 2 populnica of 75.000 mpproximatdy Add:s 9000) 6.S 1.7 0.6

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2. :. e.. nn:s) 00wnw nc : rom $2 :::: tor site. We C.Diren (1000) 1:.:

0.7 0.2 ev11uned idew. r:d::i:25: siL:nica i. whi:h 21! the ib 2ve popu.:nons 2:e exposed to the plume. Tn 32 km (20 miles)

0..cVe.g :n:::2 ic..s z : :stensic to provide the Add:s (60.000)

I E.7 4.7 1.6

midt: w:i i :en::nr ir me of::ie::nce with whi:h C Udsen (15.000) 39.0 2.0 0.7

c ex:m::: 6: rned:22 2nd legz!implicztions as well as Total 56.1 10.0 3.4 re:Omme-d d :ount::m: sur:s.

Dan z:: from Ref.5.

sa: :isk est.....

'ude2h -

wine assumo.

+ D2:2 ::: from Refs. 7 c.nd E.

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.0..s: s. A!:.nouen z..2:vs:s o: :n: cium: actitty s

Data 2:e., rom R,..,s..: and 6.

/ :nd:n.es i n the i.ht'nion dos: may.be sman

r.::::d te the po:::-iz! from :enaminated foods.

f:: de. 2::: set '

e - a:: It is 2.ssumed thu enou.h dna to evzlutt: the oossibility of cifierent:21

\\effe:nv: ::: ter-enu: s -- taken 2 nnst ie latt-d uns:tisi:y betwe:n children znd adults.

dr.wnf c-Gner: :s 2 5 yez: in:r.: p:-icd before Tne no=al in:idence of thyroid carcinoms is at ta nn:c' ::::inocenens of tn: tayroid :s deressed. We 1:ss: 0.ONE yez: (37 x 10-'!y:z ) (Ref. 9), or ire

id: =n r.: 12::n: p: nod m2.v be zs lon.c as 20 yens

ases a.vezr in the.oc.culation modd (80.500 p:: sons) and d: penis on sud it:: ors u 23: at exposur:, thu we have :heun. Cd:ulating the man.y:es at risk nere :y or cifs.::ennu rac:ation carcinog:nesis with inciest:s tazt 10e cu:s et tnyroic cance: would.oe se.s..

an: inzt tne inncen:: c: tayroid cancer may not exp :t:d in our population model c.u: to the nomal

.:e nne:::s relatec to ag::howeve:. w: do not be..neve meioen:: over tn: t :n: at nsk from rat:stion : co.

nn in:iting such :ensid: 2tions would sisnificzntly sure.

htnge cur :ondusions. (3) Tne average adult will be at First. we will analyz: th: NCRP conser.ative BWR

-isk for 30 vers. (*) Children compose 20% of the' r:1:as:. The cz1:ulzt:d signifiezace of su:h a reitzs:

re:u!nion and ne assumed

~

to be at risk for 50 yezrs.

6: pends h:avly on the risk stimates choun. I* w:

n Tne exp::ted cas:s of car:inoma in th: population choose the value in column 1 of Table 1 for the model at: summuiz:d in Tab!e 1 for different individ.

extemal radiation risk [4 x 10-'/(year)(rad)], u:

ea1 risk e s tim a t e s.

The risk factor of expect 86.1 " extra" cases of radiation.indu::d thyroid 4 x 10-'!(vear)(rad) is the highest estimate z.y is carcinema. We do not bdiev: this is' a reasontbie derived from s:udies of :xt:mz! irradiation of chil.

enimat: of risk when radicioin: is being considered.

d:en.' The risk fo: adults frem exteraz! radiation is Tzbi: I demonstrates that,if the lowest risk estimates _

ne.^in of that io M/ -- in our calculztions. ne at: used.' 3.4 "ex trz" thyroid c2ne'_r.s would be.

reaso.. fe indudi.g iis risk estimate is that there are

- ex m '"' me: the time at rid. This re::res:nts a 3%

substzn :1"y more dia avd: bi: in this :2tegory. The

_i.:rease c.ver the nz:urd inciden::. Tia: nsk es inst:

.sk f2::c: of 0.05 x 10-' fy:2:)(:td) repres:nts the p::sen:ed in :ciu:-a 2 cf.T:bi: 1 p::di:ts 10.0 ex:ess

sh is:t:: d..ved it:m s:uits v.-d 8 2 81 (Reis. 3 and thyreid zacers in ou: :ssum:d popuinien (95 in.

.i.. A nsk fine: : :nned usin; : combination of r:2se).

d':i,ine ise:c,: 5 in 2 rei:2s: may b: as hi;h a li nmii2: :11culations n applied to de.NCRP

8,-eart:1d.i.~ d A;nn. there 2:

no; r:ziini: 3WR releau 2:,d de nsk f2::e: ef

.:.z:= ss:I -. ::. : s. r.:. s. t.a.4ms.-:,e:,r.oe. :m

l ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICT5 743 0.2 x 10-'!(year)(rad) is used, 10-" _cmL o. f ternpt:d ev2:ustion could 1:2ve so ne :000 p:rsons 2:

radituon4cdu:ed $yroid cz.r:ino'ma (2 0.00010 in.

, risk.

cTe isi) woui::ibe p:oduced.

/. [

Tc: us: of potassium iodide as a thyroid.bioddag ag:nt for the popula:ien invoh.ed uculd b: in xpensive

-s

'mit it could be made available'lec21ty." Tayrcid b!o:tdag l M!stM'Miinistration of s72ble iodia:

POSSIBLE COUNTERMEASURES to cr: vent Tne aaph.esuon or ben: fit-cost analys.is, both m.

l the uetzke of radioactive lodin: bs-the thyroid.

lecal and insdtution21 terms, his been carefuUy s:udied

{ Po:zssium iocide administpred 2 to 3 h: iollowing i

expesur: cm redu : the ultimate thyroid deze by a

- wit retard to its use in the con:rol of ionizing radittion. Tn: beneSt-cost evduation in this model fanor of 3 (Rei.1) and would b: much met: effecir:

if ad""nis: : red earlier Possibl forms of io*-

io-cleuly m.velves the so cu.Lic count:rmenures crocosed.

J,i thyroid blo: king are discuss:d in NCPJ Repo;; No. 53 The 0 st ouestion to consider is: At wht: IE 1 does it j IR:f 3I M icec n to b-:o-- m m-

"-- -- e -

h t-7 Tne c_o::iscation of I ul,X anc the dte:2uon C;,.0;V oo:u;tuo.1 or te administ:: oo,,.ssium i c:ce to "en: :262f o..indur:d thvretc :ue!:, in: cension ow # -d scu::es at: esuntial sinc: miitiis th: ma.ior.

pt:V

nc:

sour:: of" 3'l in the 6e: and m2v cont:ibu:: over is cenously 2 run non or :.a.: ris,x 12:to:s chesen. 5 2 ::::2s: pro:2:1.

.100 n=es :. ore :o.he tnyroid c.os: tnzn cos: :nnait- -

... wat con:nn 2 :=x:ure c: :2.,.:or o-cines. we wt,.,. cons:cer in: c ne:n.-ces: rztic usm;.h:

tion.'. 3 Lo:n, controt or. m:lk sou:as and me.-d:enar -

o:

.w

. ot :: :::sn :oots must occur ws:n 2nv sic.n::=:

radicio6n: :is,s.::: ors :n cosum.n. o. T2b!:. L. ing 2 s

r:!:2s: :.nd va.ll no:.ce ciscussed r.u:th::.

stne benefit-ces: tyoe or 2ndvsis 2no rotlowint the Tnt temporal Co::si:2:nts of $*se thre: :cun t-:.

rannos a:. R:.::g 3 2.c tn cu:.isned cancer s:2nstics meist::s 2:: parti:ulativ.impo::2nt. :va:uanon ne::s to: 19 :.. v e con: ue:d init :n: ci:::t anc :nc: en to be :nned ou; betore the re,i:2se passes ov:: th:

es::n Ic.:.. :c::ucm; ame lost trom tzace :::..or 2

occianon. Po::ssium iodide biodu.n: :2n :s used L. ited 5:2tes was in i :2ng:

~

c25e of neepitsm m th:

n n

.meesteiv a:ter ;nnd2aca %;$ some. cent:::.,. son-

.. !.v. 00.,a..nvroid c2rc: nom 2 is a relzt:v::v orm:n c:

trol ci food sourms can ce : nit:ner. 2t anv nme ::

ne :as n %na 2.,- ven sunivd rzte oi 2o::ox!=2:ety

duc: 2ccmonal intake.

~' --

2:-

taus tne cos: c: a inyrote :2nce::s prootmy ::ss Sin:e th: isotoo 6strioution 2 mon; it m:=bers

nn. S 1,.000.1:. we use the a.-eure o: 511,000 oe: cue.

or We popu!: tion involved.ts parucuhrly dep-nd:nt en sn o, ::: y a benen.t-. cost aporoach forwar, em:..ovm-

.io:d :en6uons, the bene fit-cos: zn alvs:.s c: snv the conenativ: reicu: tssumptiom. coun:: m:2sur:s e

cosant up to 5110.000 (to prevent the 10 : s:s o.

-:aclotoe..n: reteau %ill.De Very st e s0* 1:l:. T:: Cos:

f lJornput-d will zlso vzrv with t?ie vagants of m: core-I rac311:on-indt ::d tavrold 02rcinct".2) could.oe s-".:1!V i

logicd conditions. etc. Ev:n if su:h zn andysis c2n be jusan:c. In seit: cf $:. W.anns cost esn=2te. we vall made, its sc:ial and poh..nca! 2:::p:za: is cat:

con:inu: to examin: pbssibb coun::rmeasure p:ct:tms 2noth: miner-particul2:ly, when su:h emotional s "'

exce:ctag ::us collar vdue, m.:: it is :uways <n:acult issues 1s-nu:!:ar power and poss.. le cucer indu: tion to

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to a::ept healta efte:ts wn:n tn:v at: ecutt:d with

,J.,

at: invobed. Tne latter censiderations 2:: not site money.

soec::;: zn: n2v be more. imp ortant.

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Tnere ne severd ponible a:: ions that can b: us:d

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to reduce th: radi2 tion dos: to th: surrounding opulation in the event of a signincan: releast:

- ANALYSIS OF LONG TERM LEGAL (1) evacunion. (2) thyroid blocking, and (3) co..ns:a"'., AN D ME DICA 1., EFFECTS tion of nilk. alteration of dziry cow feed sou:ces. znd

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^

The u:end portion of th: countermeasur ci-mon:tona; or th: r.oom; c:stribution cha.n.

lemms evolves th: ouesa.on of loneterm fo. low-up u:.

l Tn: ::st of the first action is dif5: ult to esin21:

. po::ulation and subs:ou:nt 1:c.2 2:nons tne expese:

for our issum:d popu!2:fon distribe: ion. Tn: :osts

-or ::= ensanon oy :ersons who develoo. tav oic involved in eva:uate 50.500 sons would a'o cu'Ts m

P-o-

2::;r.c.

.....n

enserv2tive ex2=:le..t:22 2 tiens i

b- ;.:;n new:pa: m2 tor 6sacv:nts:: is dat

'262aun-induced

..euid nc: : !imited to th: 10 :

es 2:usuon :-.:2 -;v wa.M e m _ x- - n e -- - -__

1

[g.,,3 g.,., g ;.g

,.3 3...,g.g,3 f,11.gty;.,,s2.s 2n. Se,1n.inc2::te th:* m2ny p-Opie NlI. sa:

3,.,

s:2y ::th:r $2n 0::. In fac: sichts:::s 2nd 100 -.u:n n..:s es: 2:Se::::d u n of ;.:.w u:n :. ne:.:

?c.untee: hiip 2:e 3t' en 2 prob l:n. Tnus : :.

1. W :::.:4.k:r; p :(0: m ;;r. erd :e.

y G L:.5 5 W. ve :s..:. 5. N:, w-ne:<r-se- :n

^

N ENVIRO *JMENTAL EFFECTS Gyrcid car:momu but would ::tzinly indu:le lep!

substzati:1; for this ::non. any steps that can b: taken a: p2 ; of many of th: 107 pen:ns wid to redue the hability of a release should b: :xzmined.,

.m.

onu :in:" 6yroid car:inom:s.

Evnestion m2y..::ut!!y s:r.: to in:::ts: 6:

1 On: should n:st ext:nin::h:1:;d cons:quen s of

_liebtun curatree add;.;wa.!.p;_ooie wu en:cr d.: aer y

e z radic::tive iodin: r:1: s: in si:w of existing 1:;ish-and sina thne is i-com: and crope::y less and. to :

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tion zad r:gulztions and also with reprd to pr:vious lesser extent. a:cidents. v'nMem and p --sture E:ipuen invohing radiation tecid:nu. C1:zrly a m2ior-ihildbirth. 2 a

~

l lep! :ensid::zten is the applicable statute of limi:2 v

Po:nsium iodid: blo: king may prevent th:" con-z j

twas nu would exclud: letz! zeson initiated aft:r s:.vative rel:2se" estimate of 10 cas:s 'of radiation-some s.o::in:d tim _:_ :riod. Stat: laws vz:y with regard

, indued carcinomas but 4.ill probably not subst ntiz!!y to 6: um: p::iod of hmitations, 2nf in some states affect court d:cisions conc: ming the zwards and the spe:ined p::iod of tim: b: gins wi6 th: 5:st expens:s associat:d v.iG naturtily oxurring cz::i.,

mdi:z-icn to the at: son of th: ons:t of dis:ss. Su:h nomasd.G: event thabthe_rel:zy

' -+~.-d,

.c; n

p

~~ _of M g wo"' ~*.

.: low toxi:ity of Potassiern i 1::z' 2:.: ens :za b: initiated by indhiduzis un:ier 9

. :.on.!zw to:: con = pts. Howev:r, r:li :. c2n 2:so si:nusant!y in:rease nzen:tt Taer::.or: i.nere is som:g / -

he s:u;h:by mz: y d::m:nts in a dass.z: tion sun.

Q- '"~ ? '

08:..cio: 'ng ove: es amma.-,

s

- iep! tssu: in su:h zetions involves T..e m2ie:

nuse:..i.e.. :: cot o: 1:nonsoie raazt on inn:ry. ims)

POS 00 D.%

=.

nveb: proof of d: stas:, whi:h g:n=rt!!y is not! 'N,TACCIDEN*T EVAL

~

-. r -

wou::

toe d:fil:ui:, 2nd proof of radiation dose r =ived as'

/

_ It would be Quden: medi:zilysand letz!!q l

y _to

~ro5 G-, w, c 2

. w.f of measure e:tne: the ent:::

' ndi:ned by va :ous monitoring pro =dur:s. Without; 6e popuinion fobowin :xcesure to deter:une a::ud_ ( l pp-i t

ade:une ::coi of d:se. courts hav: oit:n invoked th: I

{

d::l-ine of r:s ipss loquitor" which, in the even: of!

\\

_l:v::s o miiogdin in ne thyroid,-Tlifsippez t-to{le i

,y in

.u.. :o 6: :!ain-!!' tad in th: absena of a ' I the rnon s:enuman: medo: or recu:tne tne ross=

sinn:nry z: gum:r: by 6: d:iendant, gives -is: to an 4.tlity asso::sted witn the natu:21!y o=urrinc :.::i/.

nit:en:: :f ne6ca: cn 6: cz:: of the d:iendzat. In nomn. in ou: xpmm:.: mtximum of 20 p:opi: p::

teIiew of 6e $2uses of the a::idmt hou an be :cunted wis a s:zndard Gy !d p::b:. A

~

adi=on 1

t :.m: zlieced vioiztions of operating.stindz:ds and.

more rezasa: ngure is pro:zo!y 1:.: p opie p:t nou:

w.nen :n: tune sc: reco:cmg counts zn :::::r.mg c6e: :rguiznons mzv be includ:d in th: letz! 2: tion.

Tne de:tnne of nri:$ liability as originall*y s:t forth in identifi:: tion, etc., is included. Assuming th: corn-6e :n: of RyI:nds vs. Fletcher would probzbly z!so cine,. isotope ris is tor, adequat: statisti: a=urz:y be -in of the lecz! arcuments in su6 cas:s. S::ict (less inan 1ve une::tzinty. can or cottme; or

si?-

s impos:d in czses wh:re zn hh::: tly tnyroic burc. ens tnu woule. pro:ue: a 16.n in:::zs tn

~E2.;::ous : tem is kept on one's t:opertv and sue neop!zsms (30 rads), ev:n 20 days ifter the, at:id:n:

cue..th s:zp:s to cause harm, irresp::.ive of any and in th: iz:: of b2:kground lev:!s 10 times no mal.

showt : ef ne M-^::. h. otner words the eiuntiff centta:ztion et :: y pnolograph, river s.n a ns:,

n :d not show neditence on th: pzrt of the dei:ndznt itngerpants, or a como nzuon o, these.is e:smn:1. To in su:n cas:s but only crowde suf5cient eviden:e of attempt to count all pt sons will r: quire Gy:oid causali:v. _

uptak: probes to b: brought to the area ia a mobil:

~ C::tzinly a suit in which th::: was 10E chzna l -

van or fixed equipm:nt plz::d in nearby hospit !s or that 6: cz:cinomz was indue:d by th: vz:ious released 1 s:hools. For our population mod:1, we estimat: that radioz::ive iodines would be dif5: ult to dei:n'd. Any *..,. 20 to 30 such reintillnion prob:s would be r:cuir:d to con znziysis su6 as that perform.d pre iously is count the poputnion widin a p:riod of 2 to 3 w: k:.

obsicusly a minimum and must be modified to Tne numb:: of stzadard thyroid scintillnion probes consider lepi rzmif1:nions. including attomey's i:es availabi: 2: 1o:21 hespitz!s is no: suff d:nt for sud z

.and ;u y awards. A mort :ezlisti: cost estimst: would task. The instrum:nts would no: need to be p::ma-6e:efore indud: iudpments or suti:mmu on almost nently noted at c: n::: ez:h :ca: tor howev::. th:y C :n:s of thyroid :2::ino:ns. Tne con of such would need to bs anessibi. zad definite at:2ng:m:nts (en:e=:n:s is diffi:en te eni nz:: but anzi.ly wi!i b:

would have to be mzd: to ob:zin them. P:6:ps resour :s cou!? be pooled and a supply of su6 d: ices

- : 2:as: is ::m r.te. when : p: sont: s ce; :nh::

could he k:p: in a :en :23 c:t> (e.;., C'.i' p) fro:n

,.:. un:ra::wi eaue. :s imoWd.

wn:en t..:y :oul..or a::anet on cemand.

C.E I 5.*J E~v. Vo'.15 No. 6. Novemw x:emw 197z

~

J

SNVI AONMENT At. EFFECTS 7:5 In cas.e.s.o. f.ewosu.r_e of !:reer oc.~culations.Inqr-mesur:s a:: not 4:Ened. To dste.only the USSR' h:s d!s_ tint from the e!:zs: ooint. urine n=:'es could be defin:d sev: 2! spe:ifi: de:ision 1:vds :.: whi:h to colie: red. They would be e:sy to analy:: w:!'ri'an irtiti:te uniform cour erm:nures. If, fe: :: ample. the autom ad well counter 2nd. !though subje:: to some proj::t:d des: to the thyroid don no: ex:::d 25 r:ds, indhidus! variability, would be useful for estimates of there is no need to disrupt the popuhtion frcm th:!r mean populatica dou. In addition, on: might id:ntify normd daily a::i.ities. If the proj::t d dou to the cer zin in6siduals to follow on the basis of thyroid thyroid res:hes or exceeds 250 rads.urg-nt steps mus:.

burden.

be tak:n ev:n if it disrupu normi! : m :ies and th:

economic function of the nes. At Ina= din: I:vels, Indindus!s with a proj::ted dose of 30 rads or more to the thyroid should be ph::d in a speciaj Tocd decision mr. king may preva!L follow.up group and subsecuently have annud thyroid Hez!th and decision criteriz z; prop.d.ste in the ps!;stion by a physici:n. For this subgroup we have USSR with th:i: central gonmmen:'d authority and consid: red the possibility of b:s: hne and follow.up different 1:ss! systems may not apply in the Uni:ed States. wher: 6: F:d:ral Governm:nt ::n o..y aces:

thvroid s::nninc of ostients who are norm:! to p-irn:en. bu: we do not believe i: to be wordwhil:.

st21: h:216 tuthorities. We beli:se uch adn:: rnay b

~

The re::nvei> rugh incident: of "o::ul:' thy:oid 2:::pted !:ss tan enthus:sstiedly :nd :oc!d.s:!I lead

ino m : has been prenouslv reported. ' ' The to 6fierent crit::!1in c2ch state. Su:h nonuniformi:y chn::d 5:;n:5::ne: ci such an c::al: : rcinoma is wi!! b a g:est sour:: of frustrz:ica :nd :enius:en io-

=

utilities. :he pz:ients.. and i: h:21$ c ::

th:

co:r-c.uestion:ble. 2nd discoserv in an exposed occuistion would ::rtamlv les'd to eeniusion, cossible econorm:

munity. Cons..icer :neatuanorr-tr-r. y!: mew: css:,. 2 m

gus. v b...-to a sute wnn cifierent guideh.nu.

'g liabiil:y. 2nd unrae::ssuy :encern on the par: of 2:

u O. the basis of our sim:le rnod:1. w ieeMej pa::en:s normd to p !pation. toest indinduds found.7'

.o have dis::ete nodu:es at ini:ial p:1panon shou!d be :

o:! m. unnorm m-unu zre fusMAqqq:!_2-:'

s

%..m. ecce; casts and crobsolv en. -.an e:or2rm-e-ees. ~u.

e.s:m red a.v c:ther thvroid sono: sm or raionuclide.

w l.'+.~.--

3

~.

5:2... In some af :nese esses, eitne: :ys: pun:ture c:

=

sur;ic:! explor:non will be ne:ess::y. For 6os:

!. Po:assium iodide should b: noted in 5:hocis.

n6nduzis found to h:ve diffuse enh:g:=en: of the poli,:: s:saons. and f!rchouses in nie:ad 2:ess wh:::

iyro:d widout r.odules.~2pprooriat: stu6:s should be th: plant s:i:ty.ev iustion at:ident-antlysis esd:nstes rnade to.iete:rnme th: possibility of either benign yi:!d a pot:ntial thyroid dou of 30:2ds or g:::ter.

hypertrephy or lyrnpho:y:ic thyroiditis. Su:h initid This 2:e2 would gene:z!!y extend up to a 6.ekm abactmzitties. !thouth thev may be discovered follow.

(.:. mil:) radius from a pr:ssuri::d.wsar:: acto:(PWR) ing a release, will cl: rly not be subject to liability and : 16.km (10. mil:) :26us from a BW3.2 h :ould-be

~

stored as 130-mg s:ored tabl:ts,whe t_zad if the_s: 2::

suits.

~

The 30. rad proi::ted dou lev:1 wu choun as the

,!Eaie_,hgatyyzilzbit-This is a resoonsibh' "-?

hezhh au6onti sM_

l j

i:v:1 for medi:d icilow.up: although it is not consis-s T Poissium iodide should b,e r:312::d zs reed:d.

nt wi:h bas:line decision 1:vels in the USSR and d*Pendin3 on shelf"ut'eg"g"_*n"__~'" g:ic Gren Briain it is consistent wi:h the 1:g 1 definition

a. Storage at distnocuan po:nts.shcu. m of "sebstantial dischare:" in Tith 10 of the Code of

~

ouantiti:s three times greater thzn th2: n::ded for the Feder.d Regul:rions. Pzr: 140.84. His lev:! presents a g

0.03G ext:z individud risk of an exposed child

.PoPcI2 don which the dist: ibution point is expe:::d to urve. Es sainy factor should prevent pouib!: psah incurring radinion.indu::d thyroid car:inom: during in th: ev:nt of a tem.oor V P00uhtiort Conc:ntr3tio.S his h. -.icum: when mixed rai..cioc.n: nsk factors ar.

Izrser thza was exp::t:d. The sute cost of such a used. Ilu...s is m contrut to the no=21 n. k c: 0.v_x...i...

s 2 16a merees: in nsk due to th: tddi: ion:! 30.rzd Prog::m vs.!I b: low considering th: low.popuh.io; In\\.ro:C Coit.

. sitint ::itenon of nu:lta: c! nts ;.nd de r:h:helv low

~

cost of potassium iodide.

I'

4. Po:nsium iodid: should be ad:nini2ar:d tc

".D*k i" 32Id* l'* I *5 5

25 E* " "5 CURRENT EMERGENCY GUIDELINES f

there :s : rei:n: o: raco.o:.m: m exass o: _

Th: United 5:ates. Great Britain. and th:

cred: :rmined effluen: level. Aldouth ced::s no:

USSR' ' hav: develop:d levels :t'whi:h proa: ave n::nu y n $ese hsels. it v.i'l:.!!aw s$ffici::: Em:' tr measures 2:e to be initated; however, th: prote:n.e 2da:nister S: ble:k:n; :;ent to de entire papu!nior ne:ts u, sn E v. voi. te. 'ne. s. e.....n:w-c.c,me-ter 2

n.s ENVIRONM~NTAt. EFFECTS

.n m

2 in c.?s: the rehas: :entinues c: is 9.Desim:::y records of d! rnonito::d p : sons

-N ns::' e d im - diat: dis:-ibution upon r:ade; a should b: k:p: by st t: h:21th authorines on a

.v.u:n: 1:vd wi: 7::v:n: d:hys du: to p:=za:nt basis cur e -h: !ca;.u:m :a:cino;:ni: rid.

n.:ne! me:su::rn:nts :nd :dcuhtions of cro.

10.Sitiac crit:ris for nudu: power phnts should j::ad dyroid den, which are n:::ssary in a more con.:nu: to cons:c:: popuhu.an d:ns:ty, since eficcave a::U:ste don medd.

pi te:tiv m:zsur:s and follow.up would be nezcly An int: pat:d zi: exposur: valu: of 175,000 impossib!: in a Izrp metropolitan : enter if a signin: nt M.*C.h corr:sponds to a thyroid dos: of 30 rads.

relets: occurs.

Thus, f:: i hvei of 10.000 x MPC, an indnidud would

'r ~: :o be expos:d fo: 17.5 hr before z dou com:rdt.

CONCLUSION men: is ::a6:d. We propose th : iodid: blocking 1

3 sh U'.d b:;in at :ffluen: 1:vds that po respond to an Tn: accid:ntd : hase of radiciodines has o: curre i

cif.sia vz'u: of 30.000 x MPC. This would limi: th:

in th: United States pd one: countries, and the ny:cid dos: to 5 rsds in I h: before instituting the

,reis s of : 12:g: zmount remains a possibility, 21 bic:km; propam. I!ze phn: :ould establish its though of a iow ord:: of pro *:2bility. D::ision.;7 ding ga s:a.spe:in::inu:n: pz::=:t::s to ::::h this value.

criter.2 for d:nned z::icas raus be nz:icnzlly urdio:nt.---..,.;

)

~

be :::nz: m:: a mo:: s:senun:dly vdid approad and mus: be made in advann.p::i::tbiy with nons:n.

on:

iow. kev.ou... r.v. Prea:u.ve a:uons mus; or

)

2 :.:...:e :o : it:at: tne clo:.,>an.c cro.crzo only wnen sationz!..

2

.Ib it p:o;.::::d dose ta a sicain:an: ocouhtion exce:ds a carri:d ou swiftiv. zad effe:-ivdy, a.nd they should be r..:2. umit. Th:.s concusiy cep:nes on th: macnitud guidem,pa. manly.oy m::::t: zn,. et:u:e conncerzt:ons

== :: :zs:. c.u:ation. znc meteorologi:d fa: tors, anc se:ondan..ty by e:ono::u.: ::: tors. Postrdezse ei.

c:

T;me is se essentid that we believ: it is importzat to forts should include moni:o:ing and control of th:

e :=*f.1*e mos! time.:ensun-lngjudgnent and metsV!.

possibly :Cn:aminate., lood 0.1;n anC monllo inj oi men: re:;U:::::n:s and to :nak: 6: blocking propzm 12: : popuhtion szmphs C0~e if possibh) sia urin:

mani:.y whenev:: effluent iodin: hvds exce:d s: nphs and thyroid counting.

s:me p:es:: limit. If 6: rihas:.is stepp:d and W: have esti 2ted the projected effecu on 2

'.>:n.ea: :nezsuremenu demons::2a that the dos: to popuhdon model using rehzs: criteriz that ar: re.

de sr:oundmg popuittion wi!! no: exceed 30 :zds,'

g::d:d by 6: NCRP as conn:vstive. Tne mod:1 vzs de. :he bio:km; propam :2n b: hdt.:d. li this htter used to exzmine long t:ra m:di:d and hs:1 ramifi: 1 s::::r.ien is en:cuatered, a: i::st a s2mpi: of the tions of a r:hzs: :zth:: thzn :o providt d:tziled dztz.

d:ve.uind popuittion should be counted with thyroid Our guidelines limit the expeds: involved since th:

probzbilit.y of the efflu:nt ::i pr hvels being reached t

'.o.s.

d. Forubi: sodium iodid: p:cbes should be 2 vail.

is extremdy low and the c:opzphi:d at:zs involved able fo: transpo-: to h: 2rea to count th: possibly ne r:htively smdl zad usually spztsdy popuht:d. Tne defin:d medi:d follow.up wiU hdp insurana cani:rs ex.:estd popu!ztion. For legal purposes the more indi.-duals counted who can be shown not to have an to estimate the liability funds necessary in such an iodme burd:n, th: hss liability will be involved later.

event. We su.c..ces: that it is possibh to andyz: ea:h

d. Indisiduals who wi!! o:>erate zad ensure czlibra.

,rez: tor site to det:rmine the e:onomic, medi:21. and M %

uon z::u:2 y and c...:av:ry et su:h couipm:nt shouL, hp! consequ:nces ooa rzc... zoto:.tn: rehu and to use b: i:i:n:ined.

our ; eE.':s tbTEmuht: sp::in: st:ps to be t:k:n.

7. Indhiduds hadng,2 thyroid burd:n greater than Becaun of the low cos: 2nd toxicity of potzssium 5.0 pCi of ' 3 31 should b: identified, zad, wh:n iodide, we recomm:nd that a blo: king progam limit:d infe=rion is avnhbi: on the radiciodin: mix tu r=,

to defined zrets should be avzihbh. Tner: ne:ds tobe thei::x::: Syrci:! dons should be cal:uhted.

dos: evdustions by Jiyroid counting after th: a:cid:nt

,o: kgd r:asons (to ic:nury taes: who re::iv:d no e..L,..ine.:vicuus ::cemng tnyroid dos:s a:. over w., ri s snoulc..c: :r.ina.,.y exz=:n:d.oy z physic:2n. as s:gnia: ant ra2izuon) an.g ro: me c::2., reasons (to

s: su pr: nous:y, :ns, :nen :otlawed by annual scentry :now to c: Io cwed). ine su:::ss o7. any su:h

.n m.v ::c.ca::: tion to as:::: sin the develooment c:

guio: anes wtu c orn,, cn oo:.n ta: unun:s anc the n d.J.et.

Fede:d G.m::.vn::: wo:km; wi2 6: sutes :o imp!:.

m:nt sud a prop:m.

h su=.2:y, ou: an2!ysis ndi:stes th:t p;ote:Q

.t = =re=.= ; :-=iss% :.=- insa.

me:sur:s :21.er. w:: a ::::m sr.o.:: c:icc: a em=

..: s a ss =Ew. vo:. 's nc. t. t w.w :,,:e..w mr

~

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 747 thy:cid_. bio:htng,.,pt.CV.:,,P,0.1:,2:;ity.Lns!c: io: Lit._

10. M. S. Bu2m. E. Petr sts. 2nd I. Stett :r. t.e;d ud tutstittr A

Don 21 Aspe:u of l'un; B:nefit-Ces: Analys:s to Conuol

~'s.T..E.'ti '...m...._ !O. ne t: n r.e dic.d. e. con. om.ic.:

,oni:in; R2,.:s: ion. Ch:p. f\\. in Con::de :r!:c: o.f gce!rn.

zr uta! i:.o!.:cstions o natu:21!y o currin: thyroid-Benellt-Ccsr An:lvs:s for Actor::ics in.oir:nt font:ir:t n.,. nitern::r.c:. Repo:: EPA-c2::i ems-c;;o-ir. 6 purpests, th::: should com Re,s:n.on ::poswe tinue to _ be low.dWW nocul:: ion siti: c cd::da 520!s-77.003. Advisory Committee on th: Biolo;ie:1 s

Tc: sons found to.hwe a thyroid dos: of 30 :ds or Effects of lonizing Rodistions. Asserably of Li': Sciences.

0-rnorr should rective m: dical ex Ininstion and follow.

Nuional Rescuch Council / National Ac:demy of Sciences.

Envi:enm:.:21 P:ote: tion Apacy. Washinton D.C g/ho I up as described.

J 197,.

g

11. D. P. Rie: Errin: ring the Cost ofItine::. PES P:bli::do I h( #-

No. 947-6. U. 5. Department of He:le. Eca::::an. r.d -

d7 REFERENCES WeIfue. P*li: Heshh Senies. Divin:n af Neint Cur Adrainisa:: ion. H:sith E:enomics B=n:h.GPO.1966.

1. L. A. trin et 11.. Railo::tive losine in the hablern of 12.1. St. Hans.1:.. and T. C.. Sell. Er =::: ion fi:ks-An R:i::no'e Safety. Atorni:d::. 5fes:ow. 1972: En;iish Er:!uer:e :. Report EPA.5 20!5 74402. Envirect :n.11 Re-

nnstat:on. US AEC Repert AEC.u.75 36. NTIS.1974 stuch Cent::. Las Veps. Nev.. GPO.1974

. L Kuhasen e: 11.. losine.\\fe::bolisr-in Children :n!

13. C.L. H : ton Lep! Conside :tiocs on io-i::n; R:ii.:-

Alco'e::c ::: in en Are: of :he Cortmunity. ?:en:h Rt.

ison-R: is u:!siet cn Radi:: ion.Emi: i. ; 5ctsce:.

po:: E*lR-4 64.1973: Ens'.isa ::indstion. US A.EC Repo::

Chule s C. Thomas. Putiishe:. Sp::n;il:14. El.1865.

AEC : i451. NTIS.1974

14. R. J. Sac; son e: s1 Prescience of Thyrofi C:r:sso..: ::

3. N: tion:.! Council en Radi26cn hote:uon ud M :se:e-Aurops.. Es>oshsm: 1C5~-1956..Vapsns.1951-!C men:s. ? ote:non of the 7'nyroid Chni in the Esen: of Repo:: A3CC TR 254S. Atohi: Bomb Cas 2':3 CO:nmir Re.'e:se: of R:iioioline. NCR? Repor: No. !!. NTLS

sion.1965.

1977.

!!. L. B. Wooine: et 2L. O: cult P2piihr Creinorns of the

4. U:uted N. ions 5:itn:ific Commi:tte on the Eff:::s of Thyrcid GI:nd: A Study of 140 Cases 0:sened t. 2 R:dinuen. Sour:et end Ef;ects of ioni:snt Rcii:.

30.Yez: F: nod /. C ir. Endocrino!. 20tly $9105 d:..u.

. non-:C" Repo : to :he Gener:! A:sembi.v. w sth A.n.

rr1960L

. ne es.pp. 377-355. United Nuions. N:s York.1977.

16. Fedetil Ridinion Council R::kro:ini.sterert:1 fo ene

5. L. E. Hempel:ne.. er zt. Neo;bs-.s in P : sons T:ested Dere?opment of Rad;arion Itoie:rion S::::!:rft. FRC w::t X.R ys m in!=:y: Fou:2 Study :n 20 Yeus. /..Y::1 Re po:: S:. !, GPO.1964 C:nre 1.rt.. !!(3 : 519 5 3".t (Septe =b:: Ic?5).

17. F. Mo: ley and P. M. Bry2::. B:si: and Duived R2 Sole;i:::

i. H. R. Maxon :::L.1:ni:ing Ir:adiation 2nd the Indu::ica P::tettion 5::nd:rds for the Evsius: ion of End:onmen:1 ef Cin::ali> Si;ndi::nt' Dis:sse in the Hu=2n Thy:ott Cen sm:n: son, in Environment:I Contemin:non b.s R:.

Ch.nd. Arr. l. 4!ed. 63(6): 967-978 (Dec:mte: 1977L iso:crive.Ucteri:Is. Sernin2: hoceedm;s. Vitre.2. 1969.

7. R. O. M:C:!h.. et at Cornpunive Effects ci Tod:ne.131 p;.255 272. ST!! PUB /226. Inte:r.2: ion:1 Atorni: Ennyy -

a.nd X.!: 2diation on Sheep Tnyroids. lie:lth Pnyt.. 9:

Ag ency. Vit:e.1.19 69.

1363-1365 (1963i 18.1.K. Dikobes et L. The Adoption of Urpn: Me:.suces to

3. E. L.12:nser e: z!.. Carcinop.i: Effe::s of iodine.131 hotec: the Popub:fon in tne Event of = A::id:n..!

Cernpar:d aii X-!:ndistion-A Review. He:!rh Phyt. 9:

R:le:.se cf Radio 2::i ity in:o the Endronmen fi.Russir.

1371 1384 (1963).

M1 Er.;!:sh test :::),in Naciling of Redi::iort Acesients; 9.The Ns-ion:1 Cane:: Insta..c. Infer:2 ton for Physicians Symposiurn hocer:iin;s. Vienn:.1969. p;. 5

7 555. STI on 1::adi : ion-Reisted Tny oid Car.:::. C4-Cane:r 1.

PCB/229. Internationsi Atomie, Enerpy Apn:y. Vien 1.

Cir, 25(3): 150-150 (himy/ June 1976).

1969.

FOURTH INTiERN ATIONAL INTERCOMPARISON OF ENVIRONMENTAL DCSIMETERS United States, Spring 1979

\\

An intemational inter:omp2:ison of inte; ati;tg dosime:ns fc: end:c..m:ntil monitoring is being phnned by the Universi:y of Te.xis School of P:.:bli: Heikh 2nd th: U. S. D:;2:tm:nt of Ener;y. End:enmen 21 Messu:tinen: Labor 2:o y for de spring of 1979. The :tsults of p:e\\ious int::::mprisons cf this :ype we:e epo:ted in Ne:ith /hysic:. Vol. 30. pp.1:1 13 3.1976. 2nd in 2: ?:oceriu ;: of the Ten:::.:fliye:r Symperture of i:e Nc:!rh Phys:es Socier. held 2: 52:nop 5;rinp. S. Y., 0 :.11-13. 1976.

.351-575. In the mes

: ::ent s:udy, te!d a: Oak Rid;e.T..n.. :n /.e sur e.:: of 1977. :he: were 109

2: :::i::n:s f:ern 25 coen:-ies.

ho:edtres for pud:i;: tion :s. be sb:2med cider f::= inem:s r. G:se!!. Unive:si:s of Te u S:hool of Public H 2hh. P. O. En 00156. Hous:en. Te.

70:!. er J: = Gail de Phaque. C. S.

De:n:=en: of Ener;y. En.- :n=e.nl '.te:su:emen:s L6cn:: ;. 3 6 Hudsen 5::eet. New York. S. Y.

10014. Inquines sho !d 0: :.23: by De:. 31.1975.

M:01.I:.7. S t.: E **. Yet. ? ?. '.. E. P.o er-oce :rcem:e 199 s

l KUCLEAR 3.GST!

Caric:r Sdfh:y is a bimonthly jdernal edited by Um. B. Cottrell, W. E. Jordan, and associates."at the Nuclear Safety Information Center, O'ak Ridge National Laboratory.

Kuclect Safe'ty reviews the' literature and recent developnents regarding the safety o

aspects of reactors and the nuclear fuel cycle, including ni'ning, fuel reprecessing, storage, and shipment.

Coverage includes the design, licensing, construction, and operation. of reactors and fuel-cycle facilities as well as their ef fects on the environnent.

Alse reviewed and reported on are foreign rea.: tor.-safety.progra s, i=;or:an: safety-related conferen:es and meetings, current safe:y research and development, reactor licensing actions, operating

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experiences, and opinions of the Advisory Cot:ittee on Reactor Safeguards.

Most articles are in-depth technical reviews of se-let.ted topics by na ionally and/o internatio.nally r,ecogniz.ed

. - c.-

at:horities and con:ain extensive references.

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ENCLOSURE 2 e

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. ;-.d v r:* :! :

from exposure to radt-bloc'cm3 m:r7cscs under certs:n c=er-

[4110-03-M]

at on m the event that radioactiv:ty is sency cond:t: ens.

The report d:scusses stockptling thy-released into the environment. These agents at appropnate DEPARTMENT CF HEALTH.

plans are to include the prophylactic. roid blockingoutlets for case of distributnn in the EDUCATION AND WELFAR!!

use of dracs that would reduce the ra.

event their use is necessary.n a T2dl-c 2tio.. dose to specific organs due to ation ernergency. The report con-Feed and Drug Administro6 a the sudden release into the environ. cludes. however: that the details of IDodet No. 7eD-03431 raent of large quantities of radioactiv. stockpiling, if thls method is to be 117 that might include several radioac. used. and of distribution would be de.

rcTAsstuu toolcI As A THrtof0 8tCCXING tive isotopes of lodine.

termined best at the State and local AGENT IN A T ADIATION E)AleGtHCY BACKcaOmrD

levets, tevent for $dm; dens of Ne v Drug Apel;.o.

e f em-of Aveaob.my of tener.ag The GSA notice of December 24.

AN ALysts e

IMS. cmcluded that there is an ex.

The Com.t.s!one.' of Food and ceedingly low probability that Inci.

Drurs has analyzed the NCRP report AGENCY: Food and Drug Administra-dents will occur invohing either the and the availab1: scientific literature tion.

use of radfonctive materials in fixed about the possible prophylactic use of ACTION: Noti:e.

. nuclear facilRies or the transportation drugs to reduce the radiation dose to g

of those materials. Because of the pos, the thyroid gland in a rad.atien emer.

SCMMARY: The Food and Drug Ad.

sible increase in number of nuclear gency. Although a variety of chemical mmistration iTDA) reque::ts sutmi9 sions of ner cruz applications (ND/.*n pcwer plants, however, several Federaf subste.nces can block the accumulation afencies are identifying those possi-of radiciodine in the thyroid gland, for potassn:n. fodfde in oral dcage' tinties. however remote, that could todide in the form of potassium iodide for=s for use as a thyroid-bloc 41ng r.dversely affect the public, should an appears to be most suitable for thLs agent in a rad'ation emergency. The incident occur. One possiblHty is the purpose. A number of factors were approval of oral dosage forin.s of potas-sudden release of large quantities of consicered tr: choosing lodide (and spe-slum iodide as a thyroid. blocking agent for use in a radiation emergency radionucildes, which might include a cifically potassium lodide) over other would be one step in meeting the re-number of !setopes of radiciodine,into blocking agents such as propylthiours.

sponsibilities of the Department of the environment. When radiofodines cil. memimazole, perchlorate, tNo-Health. Education, and Welfare are inhaled cr ingested, they rapidly cyanate, or todate. These factors In-iDHEW) to State and local govern-accumulate in the thyroid gland and cluded the degree of the blocking

- ments for radiological emergency re-are metabolized into ' rganic lodine achieved, the rapidity on onset of the o

sponse planning. The agency encour" compounds. These compounds could blocking effect, the duration of the interested persons to submit reside in the thyroid gland long bl cking effect, and the safety of the NDNs in the interest of the public enough to allow for local rad!ation blocking agent. Although lodide acts ages ufety. The agency is also, announcing.. damage, resulting in thyroiditis. hy-

-hymid gland in semal ways.

0" hstance is pri=am thyroid neoplasia 1 s use<

the avaljabanty of labeling guidelines,-pothyroidism. or 'or malignant char-predicated on its abiHty-to saturate for potassium lodide for such use.<

. with either benign acteristics. Therefore, it is considered the lodide transport system, and thus ADDRESS: Submit new drug-applica. in the public interest that State and effectively abolish entry of radiolodine tions to the Food and Drug AdmNs. local authorities be prepared to take except for small amount: that might tration. Division of Metabolism and effective measures to prcvent or cur-enter the gland by diffusion. Almost Endocrine Dnag Products ({FD-130), tail markedly the accumulation of ra-complete (greater than 90 percentl Rm.14B04, 5600 Fishers Lane. Rock-

.dao,odines by the thyroid gland, blocking of peak radioactive lodine l

ville. MD 20857. Comments concerning should such an incident occur. These uptake by the thyroid gland can be cb-thelabeling guideline and requests for mGures may include the use of a tained by the oral administration of copies of the guideline should be sent thyroid-blocking agent.

100 mill! grams (mg) of iodide (130 mg to the Heanng Clerk (HFN-305). Fpod An ad hoc cornmittee to the National of potasstu=1 iodide) just before or at

. and Drug Administration. Rm. 4-65.

5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville. MD Council on Radiation Protection and the time of exposure. A smaller dos Measurements (NCRP), which includ* (65 mg of potassturn iodide) can be I

20857 ed FDA represmtatives as consultants. used in infants under 1 year of age. A FOR FURuiu' IN70RMhTION studied the feasibility of using certain daily dose is required to maintain the CONTACT *,

dn2g products as thyroid blocking blacked state. The use of a blocking Edwin V. Dutra, Jr hreau of agents to reduce rad!ation dose to the agent is not expected to exceed about j

Drugs (HTD-10). Food and 'Jrug Ad-thyroid gland. The NCRP located in 10 days. '

Bethesda, Maryland. is a nonprofit Experiments designed to study the ministration Department cf Health. corporation chartered by Congress in rapidity of onset of blocking have Education r f.d Welfare. 5600 Fish-1964 to collect. Analpe, devCop, and shown that at a 100-rng dose of iodide.

ers Lane. R ekvilte. MD ' J857. 301-disseminate information sad recom-the onset of blocking is readliy demon-mendations abcut radiation protec-strated 30 rainutes after ors! admims-443-6490.

SUPPfE.'.IENTARY INFOstMATION: tion. The NCRP is tnade up of 56 sci-tration. The decay of the blockmg By FEIf.RA1. Rrotsna notice of Decem. entific committees, composed of ex*

effect after cessation of lodide admin-i ber 21.1975 (40 FR 59494), the Gener. perts having detailed knowledge and Lstration is relatively slow, so that a I

al Services Adninistration (GSA) out. competence in the particular area of daily dose of 100 mg cf iodide (130 mg lined the responsibilities of several the committee's interest. An NCRP of potassiurn socica tymrs to mam-l report published August 1.

1917 tain effective blocking. To have the Federal agencies concerning certain

(

-(NCRP Report No. 55. " Protection of greatest effect la decreasir.g the aceu.

emergency response planning guld.

ance that the agencies should provide the Thyroid Gland in the Event of Re-mulation of radiciodine in the thyroid

(

to State and local authorities. The De.

lease of Radiofodme") discusses the gland, the thyroid-blocking agent partment of Health. Education. and safety and efficacy of thyroid blocking should be administered immediately before or a.fter initial exposure. A sub.

Welf are (DMEW) is responsible for as-agents and recommends that potas-stantial benefit (e.:.. a b!oc!c of 50 per.

sistiry State and local authonties in slum lodide be consi:iered for thyroid.

dev'hcpm; plans for pre' cent:ng ad-FIDERAL REGI5itt. VOL. 83. HO.142JfDAY, DECEM8tR 13.19t!

FNCLOSURE 2 1

eb 1

cnc25

RA ene t.s at:ainable. hov.ever, w hen the Coset.t stoss ale for OTC sa:e does nu -...st h

1. # #343 ##M " 2

block. nit uent is first cn en ittur. 3 The Com.-unioner corciudes th t I

E U **

I W UO CI to 4 hours4.62963e-5 days 0.00111 hours 6.613757e-6 weeks 1.522e-6 months af ter acute exposure. !! a t:otasstuin icaTce :s sale and enectne manufactured for other uses or at

'tson is exposed to radioiodme when Ior use as a tavroic.niockin: 2:ent in er sa ns.

acurnstances do not permit the im*

a ra L.un emeraencf uncer certaan The importance to the ublic of_

med:ste administration of potassium 3Eir ed conc:t: ens os use ternuse n I' 9 ^^ 0 0 "" "

"M iod:de, the inittal administratton vtll has been wl ned for many.s ears.

procuet and tne un!JkeHhood tnat it be cf soce linuted benefit even as long in istre ceres. 2nd cn a icr.;. term w:11 be needed remf orce the Commis.

as 12 hours1.388889e-4 days 0.00333 hours 1.984127e-5 weeks 4.566e-6 months after exposurt, basi.s with an meidence of side ef fects. stoner's belief that potassium todide as_

Although most of the radiolodine and tox:e:ttes. in general. proportional m atmn nf t her.

3 tnyroid.DiocLng agent in a radiation _

that is not taken up by the thyroid direct!v to % We r

ememuu.am a comerec m-_

" land is excreted in the urtne Mthin aoy. The risks from the short. term use we Ior WL use._ The Ccmmisuoner 48 hours5.555556e-4 days 0.0133 hours 7.936508e-5 weeks 1.8264e-5 months , the radiciodine that is *.sken of relatively Icw doses of potassium

.w onem inat cc: a! !r.belin; di-up by, and a::umu!ated in, the thy.

lodide in e.t!stfen emercenc are re:ted to the pnnen. mu.-t accompany roid g!and may be " leaked" back into out?.ei;hed by the risks.n.olved fro = the immedcte contair.. nf these OTC the. general circulation system as a exposure to radiciodine. However, the preparations to ensure they are used consequence of intruthyroidal tuetabo. Comrn'.ssioner does not believe tha.t safely and effectively. A labeling lism. Thus there ls a possib*ity that potassium lodide has been used to a.tJde!!ne that desertbes the kind of in-such an extent cr for a period of tune [ormation to be Lccluded on the con-circulating.and recirculating radiolo, under the:? rpectfi -d conditions to dine may be taken up by the thyroid te.mer label if space permits, and if perm!L the ccnclusion that the drac is

,he ammpanybg 1-W is on file gland (from the circulatory system) gene-ally recor.iaed as safe and effec-with the Heartr's Clerh. FDA. The even though there a.re no radiotodines t!ve. Acccrd'n~ y It is rerarded as a new drug req $5'rEig an approved ne 7 guideline sets forth spec!fic language remaining in the environmeri a o pre-tha.t would be acceptable to the vent or curtail the a.ccumulation of ra. drug application as a condition of mar.

diciodine by the thyroad g:ar.d from keting. Thus, the Commlutoner will agency, any source. Including chronic exp" accept new drug app!lcation.s snecting The guideline Is entitled " Guideline sure, a daily dose of a thyroid-bloching the requirements of f 314.1 (21 CFP.

Labeling for Potas:;fum Iodide for Use agent is necessary for a period of time 314.1). Becatise of the publicly availa. as a Thytold. Blocking Agent in a Ra-after exposure. The duration of time ble safety and efficacy data document. diation Dnergency."

that a blocking agent would be re-Lng the dru;;'s use. the safety and effi.

The person responsible for maintain-quaed is not expected to exceed about cacy requirements of l 314.1 may be ing the guidel!ne labeling is JoAnne C.

10 days. A minimum of 3 to 7 days of met by citir.: the published literature Marrone. Food and Drug Administra-daily admmistration is anticipated in the List of Material Censulted tion. D! vision of Metabolism and En-based on the biological events d e-(below) documenting. Its use. The docrine Drug Products (HFD-130),

scribed above and the effective half-Commluioner advises that it is unnec-Room 14B04. 5600 Fishers Lane. Ro life of mL nwy to submit (1) copies and re-ville. MD 20857, 301-443 3520. Coples Potassfum todide has been itsed prints of the data cited in the L!st of of the guideline are available from the widely for-Inany yeds in the treat.. Material Consulted in this document. Hearing Clerk taddress above).

Inent of bronchial asthma and other and (2) copies and reprints contained-Iast or haras. Conse in the joumals listed in 1310.9 (21 pulnsonary disorders. Daily oral doses CFR 313.9). Both'the safety and effi._

1. Admins. C. A. and J. A., Bonnell. " Admin-of potassium lodide ranging frorn 300 u n ch the Co on f bl e ao of R to 1200 Ing have been given to asthma- { da

~~^

tics over long periods of time. Daily SE..Proteemn of Inhalation of Radioactive fodine." Hec 1tA oral doses of potassium lodide of 100 W Rg n.

Ph ysica 7:127-149.1962.

C C

C I N'*

2. Blum M. and M. Eisenbud. " Reduction Ing'or greater have been admb-htered

-^ of Thrtold Irradiation froca 131 I by Potas-in cough preparations to children. A.1 publ1C in:;pcetion m the office of the stum Iodide." JoumaJ of the Amertcom Ecdi-though a variety of adverse reactions Hearmg wers, roca and Drug Accliq. ec1 Anocution. 200:1036-1040. 1967.

have been reported in connection rath im,,,m m m -- w ner mtates

3. Ramsden. D P. IL Passant. C. O. Pea-the use of potassium lodide, these re-aWIT":t:m to submit any other perti.

body, and R. G. Spetsht. 'Radioiodme Up.

Mn in tM nyroid Stud:es of the Block-actions are,considereri. trt general to nent studies and literature of which W W Smuent Reewy of the Gand be directly proportional to the dose they are aware.

and duration of therapy, and most Ibe Commissioner also believes for,

,$$ f('

g3.633 646.19

. toxicity has been related to chronic this specine use or potassium tod2de o Job. son. A. 71. *'The Rate of Return of i

adminis'. ration (see pp. 3835"-38358 of and at the dosares intended. that the Rad!olodine Uota te by the Norms! Tbyroid the findings of the Advisory Review. prescription.cispensmg recutre=ents Af.er SuppresMon by Phanmotosical Panel on Over.the.Caunter (OTC) of section 503; b u l l m

v.s.C.

c ues of Stable lodine." Hedua Purses.

35h b h in of the Fecer?J Food. D*uc.

9 @,-338.1964.

Cold. Cough. Allergy. Dronchodilator and Ant! asthmatic Drug Product.s.

End "* A CI Ef'

"'CN3E bre 90 p

he.

ca Only the chronic admmistrat;on of ses.rch Coune:1. 2. Psric Crescent, tandon.

published in the Femtat. Rrcismi of da21y d ses of potassium iodide far,in

6. Cronautst. A E. P. Pochin. and B. D.

September 9.1976 (41 FR 38312)). In excess of those necessary for thyrold* Thompson. "The Speed of Suporession by Addition to its use in pu'rnonary disor-blocking in a radiation erner;ency Iodste of Thrrold tod:ne Uptaxe.* NedtA ders, potassium iodide is used in daily hate resulted in signi!! cant side effects P% sics. 21:393-394.1971.

These problems shou!d

7. I:*1n. I., A G. V. Arc.ingef'sasyn. Yu.

doses rang:ng from 250 to 100 mg in 3..

O. Konstantinov. sad I. A.1.ishtsrev. "Ra-patients for up to 3 aceks m connec-not occur from the short. term use of a dioacute todme in the Problem of Rad!.

tion with the diagnostic use of radio-relativ '- low daily dose of potassium an n Sahty. Translation senes." CSAEC pharmaceutical drug products to blocit lodide. Josever, the Commissioner ad-5 the uptake of radiolodine by the thy-vues that the concluston that a pota-

8. 'Co1e a of'N

- n t

l rond gland. The Corr-iuioner is un-slum lodide drug product Inanuf ac-frem Pit!out: Es ards and Counter Mesa.

aware of reports of significant toxicity tured for use as a thyroid-blocking ures." Contiset NO DA.MC:3-To-C-o351. De-j with this use of potaasium iodide.

agent in a radiation emer::ency ts suit fense C;vtl Preparecnns Agency. Oft:ce of f rJ:fJtAL LICTI". t O C. No. 342 4LDAY. DG.~Y.n2 11.1978

cornments

..OUC:3 perec::4 :? aWnit wr:tten 5:ectfymg copies.

43) on

!! car:ng Clerk docket no. 78D-four ir : Itrad:2-tcreterabiy the Hearing 15 Maaon. H. R. et aL "Iona :f C::nically S:gnif t*

the ;uiceline latteling toCle Ad-d Glarid."

taon and the Induction o

0 Washmst

n DC. cant Disease m the Haman Thyroi63.967 378.

4-65. 5600 Fishers Ame,ncan Journaf of JItdiene.

the Stere.ary of Defense.

l Dosace a

ministration. Hm. Lane.

d Caremo.

d on the

9. Saxena. K. M. et *L 4tituma of Id. Radiation.A:sociated Thyroi ith L A.

result of comments feceive (Jptake 19;;.

19 e a.

missioner of Iodice Requared to Suppress ma. Easted oy L J. DeGroot w Refetoff:

Normal Thyroid /* Science.

guidehne labeling, the C ld be Pronman. C. L Kotan, and S.

1977.

Grune and Stratten, be. pubhshers.

Iodine 132 by todide.In-Thomo-138.430 431.1962.

duced Thyrotoxicosas in Boston.10. Vagenskis, A. G. et al. " Neio Ena

7. Lenstmann. F, R and J. C.

and Therapeutic revised

a notice sm announcing that 7 523 527, 197.

Jr "Pr ;

odtat Contamination /'

ti

. the FEDERAL Recrsu Me-arcs for Re'tylac s2:1391 1397. 1963. Str. The land Jor.rnal of Mr'itetne. 2811. *.ese:cr Safety Study: Anor.creta! N ucle-Assessment e

d so.i.

not contain Rtus in U S. Cc n

Hect.a P*s.wes.18. Pocnm. P T. and C. F. En-:stca! Oose Ptants. Apcer:J:x VI. CM.u,laue that this document doesa 25.lfb) nces/

U.S.

of.4ccicen 2.::ect of Pnarmacolo of Racioso.

of Reactor Accident ConsequeCommiss.on. Report ar Pontt dssactne lodsce on the Coursee2ne Uptake by the (21 CIR 25.Ilb)) an,

t h Pr ys-agency of the ne Nuclear Regulatory 75 ).

W ASH.1400. N'; REG.75/0t y1912. National Council on P.adiatio n Protec-A Tsenty Year sideration by the ics. ;. :31:6.1962.

of the Thy.

19. Conaro. R. A. et al.. "of ?.;edica! Pind.ncs m sed to Ra a 51mhal-an d

Impact statement is not requir Preparing ctionl ases of Ra.

tion Report No.55."Prote for road Cland in the Etent of Re en Raiation lese. Peculation Accidentally ExpoBNL-13424.

Reuet d;oiodine," Nation,11 Counes! oand easurements. August 1.

a.1s ra.

"J' Report t.pten.

Dated: December Pa11out."

Brookhaten National Laboratory, dicactive DON ALD E.ENNED tion P.:s' P-otection Gd=rn. The

13. General Services Acm!ustra Commissioner of Eood and 1977.

0 FR 59494. Decem-NY.197520. Goodman L S. and A.Thercapeuttes, 45 aml tRAr. Rrcisita notice. 4

'and C. J.

Rasts of Co., Inc 21478:8:

pharmacologscal 5th Ed htacMillan Publishing (FR Doc. 78-34843 Ptled 1 -

14. Talbot. J. M K. D. Fisher.

ber 24.1975.

e of Un*

801.802.1975 d

Carr. "A Review of the S!snificaacin Foods.".

New York pp. agency encouraged intereste todme can Soci React 2ons to nder FDA The Report of the Federation of Arneti toward ettes for Ex;erimental Biology uContract Number 11-294. September w

1974.

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CENTRAL FILE RSmith Attendees AUG 15193 HRR R/F RMinogue ED0 R/F W@Mlc HDenton -

GErtter 06981 s

.~

DSE:SA R/F VStello 83 DMuller MGroff N;3 J. tiller tRyan M

HEKreger SCrimes EDO RHouston MEMORAMDUMFbR: Comissioner Ahearne TRehm TFCarter gljhj.

Harold R. Denton, Director,. Office of Huclear Reactor

. c.

.h.[

FROM:

Reculation

'ysknedlT. A.Reh"1

-m Mr3 Executive Director for Operations THRU:

-@m

- '~

USE OF THYROID BLOCKING AGEMTS

~

? '~7

SUBJECT:

~?ti NE.h-In response to your July 30, 1979 memorandum on the above subject, a rde was held on August 3,1979 in which members of the MRC staff who have been

.5.95q An.

'M involved with this subject further discussed issues that bear on it.

.M.y attendance list is enclosed.*

@g In answer to your fuither comments and questf on, and in sumary of the mee A.).*&

G5j we provide the following information:

y memorandum comment regarding a meeting with FDA "to a

2=p.C 1.

Our July 13, 1979 expedite consideration of the matter" can be further explained as follous 24,1975 (40 FR 59494) nn d5f 4M}

The GSA Federal Register Motice of December Fixed Facilities and Radiological Incident Emergency Response Planning:

Transportation, states the responsibilities as agreed between certain In delineating responsibilities, the GSA. notice makes

~m.8 Federal Agencies.

the NRC the lead agency in radiological incident emergency response plan M

EPA has, ning, training and other assistance covered in the notice.

fe.-?

among other responsibilities, the establishment of Protective Action etc.?

Guides, and recommendations as to appropriate protective actions which ypig~

can be taken by government authorities to ameliorate the consequences HEW ha7 responsibility for assisting State 3-j:

of a radiological incident.

r~J health departments, State hospital associations, etc., in the developeen of plans for the prevention of adverse effects from exposu're to radiatio 2

including the use of prophylactic drugs to reduce radiation dose to spec =

1 This includes health and medical care responses to radio-d ific organs.

.y logical incidents, consistent with guidelines issued by NRC.

J.;

4.1 A ' meeting of HRC staff with the Bureau of Radiological Health of FDA This meeting will discuss their plans for J.:';.j scheduled for August 21, 1979.

2 providing further appropriate (medical) quidance, in view of the FDA i 3*,a 15, 1973 (still not finalized)

M posed guidance (43 FR 58790) of Dechnberestablishing acti h

WI 8f9.LWyL ical incident, and _the request-(43 FR 58/

.M

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pOg mg,

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~

ENCLOSURE 3

W(

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U.E...Kreger...:iRR/DSE..........

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-~~

192-3026 Rf o,,,,,,,,

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.'.l.::C.&: *.'.-Z!.3%T.2.tkQ&g$l.%:sW. 3 4.v:s.myM5::n n:W.:k;h;)$

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c-4..

.E-J.,

Commissioner Ahearne

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.. pt

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applications for potassium iodide in oral dosage forms for use as'a

= 5.

thyroid blocking agent. This latter request concluded that potassium'

$35 iodide is safe and effective for'use as a thyroid-blocking agent in a radiatjon emergency. FDA approval of one company's drug application MM is within a couple of weeks of being issued. As mentioned in our ear. lier

$-J response, NRC R.G.1.101 already menti.ons' that use of radioprotective drugs should be considered for persons within the exclusion area.

y;gjj -'

w :e

^2@;

2.

The majority of the staff present at the July 30 meeting agree that the 4:%j use of potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent in the event of Erj possible inhalation or ingestion of radiolodine is an appropriate part of a complete emergency preparedness program. A complete orogram would

. include countermeasures such as source interdiction,'. sh41tering, evacua-

~%

tion, respiratory protection, protective clothing, importing of foodstuff

. V.' i and water, deccatamination, chemical treatment and others.

The major

.dG4 reason that some staff members disagree on use of KI-is that they' believe JJT;d Y '4 that other measures in the above list are more important for most radio-

.$1 logical incidents and that a widespread stockpiling requirement for KI

. '.M -

would not be cost effect~ive.

It is our intention, however, to press for iji FDA action in their role as the agency to supply medical guidance, as t '55 5 discussed above. This will be a subject for the August 21 meeting.

1

.w.,

!, ;>rm 3.

The action plan for promptly improving (licensee) emergency preparedness

..W.21 WiU has been forwarced as SECY 79-4d0 of July 23, 1979, an infomation reporf.

S9 Uhile that report does not specificall, address the use of KI, upgrading of licensee plans to meet the guidance of R.G.1.101 will include the

-W&

.;f-review of their plan to use radioprotective drugs.

\\ z-nb#

2 f '95 Odginal51 sed D L G. Cass

'M m

' Harold R. Denton, Director i

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

-..tr 7 9.

i'-

Enclosure:

N Attendance List

..un' cc:

Chairman Hendrie x,j Commissioner Gilinsky

.J d

Commissioner Kennedy Commissioner Bradford "gf.j Y/1 SECY M

OPE

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-N MEETING RE USE OF.KI AS THYROID BLOCKIttG AGEllT

4..

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E/3/79 r.u i.,

m A

ATTENDEES i@'

T.D. flurphy - NRR/RAB.

s.

t Jim !!artin - NRR/AAB F. Congel - !!RR/RAB S. Block - NRR/EEB G. Knighton - NRR/EEB d

R. fiason - SP 5

D.R. Muller - DSE O

F.D. Fisher - R!1SS N

L. Cunningham - IE i

flike Parsont - SD Bill Kreger - NRR/DSE

~

John Sears - DOR

':A Ed Branagan - NRR/ RAD 3..

M I"

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D 1

9 2,

b 4

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st

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ML20010F643

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