ML091310248
| ML091310248 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Bellefonte  |
| Issue date: | 05/06/2009 |
| From: | Young S Univ of Idaho |
| To: | NRC/SECY |
| Shared Package | |
| ML091310211 | List: |
| References | |
| 50-438-CP, 50-439-CP, RAS 3671 | |
| Download: ML091310248 (13) | |
Text
1May 6,200 9UNITEDSTATESOFAMERICANUCLEARREGULATORYCOMMISSIONBEFORETHESECRETARY__________________________________________
IntheMatterof
)TennesseeValleyAuthority
)ConstructionPermitfor)DocketNos.50-438and50-439BellefonteNuclearPlantUnits1&2)__________________________________________)DECLARATIONOFSHAWNPAULYOUNG,PH.D.CountyofLatah))ss.StateofIdaho)I,ShawnPaulYoung,beingdulysworn,deposeandsayasfollows:Background1.MynameisShawnPaulYoung,Ph.D.IamcurrentlyaResearchAssistantProfessorattheUniversityofIdaho,Moscow,Idaho.IhavepreviouslyheldthepositionsofVisitingAssistantProfessorofFisheriesBiologyatPurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,Indiana,andLecturer/AdjunctFacultyofFisheriesandAquaticEcologyatClemsonUniversity,Clemson,SouthCarolina.Mybusinessaddressis1008JeffersonCourt,Moscow,ID83843.IsubmitthisdeclarationasaprivateconsultanttotheIntervenorsinthismatter.2.Myprofessionalandeducationalexperienceissummarizedinthecurriculumvitaeattachedtothisdeclaration
.IreceivedaB.S.inEnvironmentalStudiesfromNorthlandCollege;aM.S.inAquaculture,Fisheries,andWildlifeBiologyfromClemsonUniversity;andaPh.D.inFisheriesandWildlifeSciencesfromClemsonUniversity.Ihaveelevenyearsexperienceresearchingtheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonfisheriesandaquaticecosystems.Inadditionto 2 myprofessionalqualifications,Ihavebeenanavidoutdoorsman,fishing,hunting,andenjoyingnatureineverymannersincemyearlychildhood.3.IpreviouslyheldteachingpositionsattheUniversityofIdaho,andPurdueandClemsonUniversitieswithcourseresponsibilitiesinthetopicsofFishEcology,Limnology/AquaticEcology,FisheriesManagement,EnvironmentalConservation,andWatershedHydrology.Ihavecompleted22peer-reviewedpublicationsrelevanttofisheriesandaquaticecology.Ihavebeenconsultedbypublic,state,federal,andacademicsectorsinthesubjectareaoffishandaquaticecology.Ihavepresentedscientificpresentationsatnumerousprofessionalmeetings,academicseminars,andcitizenfishingassociationfunctions.4.IamprovidingthisdeclarationinsupportofIntervenors'contentionsoutlinedinContention9a-9e--ImpactsonAquaticResourcesincludingFishandMusselsoftheTennesseeRiver.Theopinionsandconclusionsexpressedinthisdeclarationaremyown.Mydeclarationexplainsjustificationforthecontentionsstatedandtherequestthatadditionaldataarecollectedandmodelingbeperformedtoproperlyevaluatepotentialeffectsofoperatingunits1&2andcumulativeimpactsofunits1&2inconjunctionwiththeproposedadditionofunits3&4atBellefonteNuclearPlant("BLN")onaquaticresourcesoftheTennesseeRiver.Ihavearrivedatconclusionsdealingwiththemattersstatedhereinandbelievethemtobetrueandcorrect.Nodatawasprovidedasrationalefora"findingofnosignificantimpact"norhaverecentstudiesbeenconductedtoevaluatetheimpactsofresumptionofconstructionandoperationofUnits1&2onaquaticresourcesincludingfishandbenthicinvertebratesinthevicinityoftheBLN,GuntersvilleReservoir,TownCreekandtheTennesseeRiverBasinfromproposedunitsshouldbesubstantiatedandmaybelarge.Further,noevaluationofcumulativeimpactsofUnits1&2combinedwiththeproposedUnits3&4hasbeenconducted.5.Fournewnuclearreactorunits,especiallyinconjunctionwiththecurrentoperationofthenumerousthermoelectricfossil
-fuelplants,nuclearreactors,andimpoundments,havethe 3potentialforlargecumulativeimpactsontheTennesseeRiverfishandmusselassemblage
.Theimpactsonaquaticresourcesfromoperatingthefourreactorsmaybelarge.Properscientificstudyandanalysisiswarranted.ThefollowinginformationhasbeenpreviouslysuppliedforcontentionsconcerningUnits3&4.TheinformationiswhollyrelevanttoUnits1&2also,especiallygiventhefourunitswillbeoperatedsimultaneouslyinthesamevicinity.6.TheTennesseeRiverBasinasawholeisconsideredtobethesinglemostbiologicallydiverseriversystemforaquaticorganismsintheUnitedStates,andharborsthehighestnumberofimperiledspeciesofanylargeriverbasininNorthAmericawith57fishspeciesand47musselspeciesconsideredtobe"at
-risk"(Masteretal.1998).ManyfishandmusselpopulationsthroughouttheentireTennesseeRiverBasinincludingthemiddleTennesseeRiver,whichencompassesGuntersvilleReservoir,siteofBLN,aregreatlyreducedfromtheirhistoricalnumbers.Fisheriesandaquaticinvertebrateexpertscitetheincrementalimpactsfromdams,urbanization,industrialization,andpower
-generationfacilities(includingnuclear)arethecausefordeclinewithintheTennesseeRiverandforothermajorriversystems(EtnierandStarnes1993;ParmaleeandBogan1998;Marcyetal.2005).ThisincludestheoperationofTVA'sfacilities(EtnierandStarnes1993).EtnierandStarnes(1993;TheFishesofTennessee)state,"thenaturalcharacteroftheTennesseeRiverhasbeencompletelyalteredbytheseriesofimpoundments,constructedbytheTennesseeValleyAuthorityfromthelate1930sto1960s(Table1),thatpunctuateitoveritsentirelengthfromjustaboveitsmouthinwesternKentuckytoKnoxville."ThisareaincludestheBLNsite.ParmaleeandBogan(1998;TheFreshwater MusselsofTennessee)reiteratethesamedestructionoftheTennesseeRiverbasin.Humanalterationshavecausedseveredeclineinaquaticresources,andfurtheralterationbynuclearpowerexpansionwillonlyexacerbatethedeclineoffishandmusselsintheTennesseeRiver.
48.TheTennesseeRiversupportsatleast205fishspeciesrepresenting29families(EtnierandStarnes1993;SimonandWallus2006)including32fishspeciesthatarefoundonlyintheTennesseeRiver(SimonandWallus2006).Justintheupper
-basin,15fishspeciesarefederallylistedasendangeredorthreatenedand50speciesarelistedundermanagementcategoriesusedbyfourstates(Hampsonetal.2000).WithinGuntersvilleReservoiralone,therehasbeena44%declineoffreshwaterfishcapturedinTVAsamplingsince1994.ER§2.4.2.4.OfthefishspeciesnolongerfoundinGuntersvillereservoirER§2.4.2.4.(Table2.4-7,page2.4-37),paddlefish,rivercarpsucker,quillbackcarpsucker,highfincarpsucker,silverredhorse,andriverredhorsearemigratoryspeciesadverselyaffectedbyhabitatalteration,blockedmigration,lossofspawninghabitats,alteredflow
-regimes(Pflieger1975;Hubertetal.1984;EtnierandStarnes1993;Rohdeetal.1994)andbydisruptionofearlylifehistorystagesbyalteredflow
-regimes,impingement,andentrainmentofeggs,larvae,andjuvenilescausedbypower
-plants(EtnierandStarnes1993;Marcyetal.2005).Also,numerousdartersandshinerspecieshavedisappearedfromthefishassemblageofGuntersvilleReservoir.ER§2.4.2.4.Literaturereportsdisappearanceofthesespeciesisduetofragmentedanddegradedrivers(Angermeier1995).9.Pre-1960musselsurveysfound89speciesinthelowerTennesseeRiverBasin,and94speciesoffreshwatermusselsintheupperTennesseeRiver(StarnesandBogan1988;Vaughan1997).Since1960,a14%declineofmusselspeciespresentinthelowerbasinanda36%declineofmusselspeciespresentintheupperbasinhavebeenreported(StarnesandBogan1988;Vaughan1997).Intheupper
-TennesseeRiveralone,30speciesareunderFederalprotectionand52speciesarelistedforprotectionbyfourstates(Hampsonetal.2000).
IntheGuntersvilleReservoirsection,14speciesofmusselareconsideredthreatenedorendangeredbytheAlabamaDepartmentofConservationandNaturalResources.Nuclearpowerexpansionat 5BLNwillonlyincreasethestressthattheTennesseeRiverecosystemisalreadyexperiencing.Furtherincreasingwater
-withdrawal,increasingthepotentialforentrainmentatintakestructures,andincreasingthermaldischargewillperpetuatethepoorconditionofTennesseeRiverfishandmusselpopulations.TennesseeValleyAuthority's(TVA)analysisforUnits3&4doesnotadequatelyaddresspotentialimpactsofoperatingtwo,orfour,additionalnuclearreactorunitsonfishandmusselsthroughouttheTennesseeRiverbasin.A.TVAconcludeswithinthreesectionsoftheERthatBLNmaybesignificantlyaffectedbyormayaffectbothupstreamanddownstreamportionsoftheTennesseeRiverbasin.However,noinvestigation,analysis,ordiscussionoftheseconcludingstatementswaspresented.10.ER(2.3.1.2.6page2.3
-10)states,"IfthetotalvolumeofwaterflowingintoChickamaguaReservoir,whichisthelocationofmeasuretoindicateflowfortheupperhalfofTNRiverbasinasstatedinprevioussentence,islessthanwhatisneededtomeetsystem
-wideflowrequirements,additionalwaterisreleasedfromupstreamreservoirstoaugmentthenaturalinflows(afunctionofrainfallandrunoff),resultinginsomedrawdownoftheseprojects."Thisstatementacknowledgesthattherewillbeimpactstotheupper
-TennesseeRiveraquaticresourcesbecausethosereservoirswillbeartheburdenofdownstreamwaterwithdrawal.Thereisnoelaboration,investigation,analysis,ordiscussionofthisstatement.11.ER(2.3.1.3.6,p.2.3
-18)states,"Fiveupstreamdamsand/orreservoirs(storage)canaffectfutureplantoperations."Thereisnoinvestigation,analysis,ordiscussionofsuchanimportantrecognitionwithintheER.ThisstatementacknowledgesupstreammanagementmayalsoaffectBLNoperations,whichthenmaydifferentiallyaffectaquaticresources.Thereisnoelaboration,investigation,analysis,ordiscussionofthisstatement.12.ER(2.3.1.3,page2.3
-14)furtherstates,"Three,largemanmadeimpoundmentsarelocatedwithin100rivermi.oftheBLNsite.Theseimpoundmentscansignificantlyaffectorbe 6affectedbyBLNplantoperations.Theimpoundmentsare:NickajackReservoirTRM471
-TRM425;GuntersvilleReservoirTRM425
-TRM349;andWheelerReservoirTRM349
-TRM275."ThereisnodiscussionofhowtheseimpoundmentscansignificantlyaffectorbeaffectedbyBLNoperationsbeyondstatinggeneraldescriptionsandthatGuntersvilleReservoirdoesnotfluctuatemorethan2ftannually.Thisstatementacknowledgessignificanteffectsondownstreamaquaticresources.Giventheprofoundramificationsofthesethreestatements,surelyelaboration,investigation,analysis,anddiscussionarewarranted.13.TVA'soverallconclusion(ER2.3.3.4.3p.2.3
-48),"OperationsofthesedamsarenotexpectedtohaveadirecteffectonwaterqualityinthevicinityoftheBLN,"isinconsistentwithabovestatementsinparagraphs10
-12andthereforeerroneous.IftheseimpoundmentscanaffectoperationofBLNasstatedinparagraphs10
-12,thentheiroperationmostcertainlyaffectswaterqualityinthevicinityofBLN.TennesseeValleyAuthority's(TVA)analysisdoesnotadequatelyaddresspotentialimpactstoincreasedwaterintakeandincreasedthermaldischargeonfishandmusselsinthevicinityofBLN,TownCreek,norinGuntersvilleReservoir.TVA'sassumptionsthatpotentialimpactsoftheintakesystemontheenvironmentaresmallisnotsubstantiated,andimpactsmaybelarge.
A.TVA'sassumptionthatpotentialimpactsoftheintakesystemontheenvironmentaresmallisnotsubstantiated,andimpactsmaybelarge.14.TVA'sconclusionregardingpotentialimpactsofentrainmentandimpingementasaconsequenceofincreasingwaterintakeisnotbasedonactualdata,butratherimproperassumptions.ThereisnodataprovidedforevaluatingentrainmentlossesbyspeciesorbylifehistorystagetosupportTVA'sconclusions.TVAstatesthefollowingasrationaleforconclusions,"Speciescollectedarecommonandcommunitystructureuniformforallsampling 7locations.Becausespeciescompositionissimilarforintra-reservoirsamplingandhabitatneartheintakeanddischargestructuresarenotrareoruniquetothereservoir,additionalsamplingattheintakeanddischargestructureswasnotwarranted(ER5.3.1.2.1,page5.3
-3)."TVAdoesnotpresentdataatindividualsamplingstations;doesnotpresentanystatisticalanalysistosubstantiateasimilarcommunitystructureatsamplingstations;and,doesnotprovideanydataandacknowledgesnosamplingofichthyoplankton(eggsandlarvae),juveniles,andadultfishnearBLN.Ataminimum,samplingofadultandearlylifehistorystagesoffishinthevicinityofwaterintakestoproperlydeterminepotentialimpactsiswarrantedduetothepotentialforlargeimpactstofishpopulations
.15.Inaddition,theuseoftheterm"common"todescribepopulationsizeorabundanceisdisingenuousasnoabundancedatawaspresentedforanyfishspeciesatanysamplingstation.Theterm"common"wasalsousedtodescribemusseldistributionandabundance(ERpage2.4
-19).Givenextinctionofsomefishandmusselspecies,andthedeclineofthefishandmusselspeciesinGuntersvilleReservoirandthroughouttheTennesseeRiver,thesevaguesummationsandgeneralitiesprovidenobasisforexaminationofimpactsandareimproperandmisleading.16.Also,adultfishassemblagesandpattern sofdriftcommunitydistribution(i.e.thepatternofegg,larval,andearlyjuvenilestagesoffishes)likelyvaryintimeandspaceastheTennesseeRiverfishassemblageutilizesseverallifehistorystrategies(EtnierandStarnes1993;Metteeetal.1996;SimonandWallus2006).Also,dispersalmechanismsandmigrationsalsovaryfromspeciestospeciesandalsoacrosslifehistorystagesofeachspecies.Differencesinphysiologymakesomespeciesmoresusceptibletoentrainmentthanothers.TVAerroneouslyassumesfishthatspawneggsinbenthicsubstratesalsohavebenthiclarvae.Dartersandsuckersmayspawnbenthiceggsbutthendevelopintopelagiclarvaethatarepartofthedriftcommunity(Wil tz 81983;SimonandWallus2006).TVAonlyprovide dalistofspeciespresentinGuntersvilleReservoirandavaguesummationofafewfishspecies'lifehistories,ofwhichTVAonlydiscussesthosethatwouldhavealowerprobabilityofentrainmentandneglect stoaddressthosewithhighsusceptibility.17.Also,TVAdescribedthevicinityofBLNaslacustrine;however,satelliteimageryofGuntersvilleReservoirexhibitsamore
-riverinetypehabitatnearBLNthansuggested.Thisareamaybemorecategorizedasatransitionalzonefromtailwater/riverinehabitattothelacustrinehabitat.ThisareamaysupportasubstantialichthyoplanktoncommunitycomprisedofeggsandlarvaespawnedaboveBLNnearNickajackDamtailwaters.TVAfailstoprovideanysuchdatatoevaluateimpactsofentrainmentatBLN.TVAactuallystates(ER5.3.2, page5.3-8),"theactualspawninggroundswithintheTNRiversystemarenotknownforanyspecies."Thisstatementiserroneous.ThereareseveralestablishedpublicationsoutliningspawninghabitatsselectedbyTennesseeRiverfishspecies(EtnierandStarnes1993;Metteeetal.1996;SimonandWallus2006).EtnierandStarnes(1993)andSimonandWallus(2006)werebothsponsoredbyTVA.Further,ifthisistrulyagapindatanecessarytoevaluateimpactsofBLNoperation,thenfieldstudiesarenecessaryandwarranted.B.TVA'sconclusionregardingpotentialimpactsofincreasedthermalandchemicaldischargeisnotsupportedbyanyevidence.18.TVAprovidesnoevidenceintheformofscientificstudyorfieldobservationasjustificationforthefollowingstatements,"giventheplume'ssmallsizewithinthereservoir,anyimpactstodriftingorganismsissmall"(ER5.3.2.2,page5.3
-8).First,TVAprovidesnodataonoveralldriftcommunity.Second,thedischargepipestotal120ftinlengthandarenearmid
-channel,andTVApresentsnodataontemporalorspatialcompositionoffishofanylifehistorystageinthisimmediatearea.
919.TVAstates(ER5.2.2.2.1,page5.2
-7),"Amolluskicidewillbeusedasawatertreatmentchemical."Thismolluskicidewillbedischargedintomusselhabitat.TVAfailedtostatewhetherthemolluskicideisharmfultofreshwatermussels,whicharemollusks,nordoesTVAdisclosewhatconcentrationwillbepresentinthedischargeplume(s).Further,(ERp.5.3
-9),TVAstatestheBLN'sdischargedchemicaleffluentmustremainwithinalethalconcentration25percent(LC25)limitation.Ifdeleterious,anadditional25%mortalityofalreadyvulnerableanddecliningmusselspeciesisallowed.Ifsuchaconcentrationweredischarged,thiswouldeffectivelykillallremainingmusselsinthevicinity.Furtherinvestigationiswarranted.20.Maximumthermaldischargetemperatureisstatedas95ºF.ThistemperaturekillstheearlylifehistorystagesofseveralimportantgamefishthatwouldbefoundnearBLNincludinglargemouthbass(Stuberetal.1982),stripedbass(BainandBain1982;Fayetal.1983),andsmallmouthbass(Edwardsetal.1983),andcausesmortalityinmanyless
-studiedandless
-desiredyetimportantnon
-gamefishspeciessuchasthecreekchub(McMahon1982).TVAusesitsownbiasedratingsystemstojustifythelackofdatainconcludingthatimpactsofBLNoperationwillbesmallornon
-existent.TVA'saquaticresourceshealthandstatusratingsshouldnotbeusedtoevaluatepotentialimpactsonaquaticresourcesintheTennesseeRiverfromoperatingBLN.21.TVAstatesthefollowing(ERpage2.4
-18),"MostofthespeciesidentifiedatTRM375.2werealsoidentifiedatTRM424.BecausethefishcommunityissubstantiallysimilarattheselocationsandnouniquereservoirhabitatsexistsadjacenttotheBLN,itisreasonabletoassumethefishcommunityadjacenttotheBLN(TRM391)issimilartothefishcommunitydeterminedforrivermiles375.2and424.Therefore,samplingfishspeciesinGuntersvillereservoiradjacenttotheBLNisnotwarranted,andtheongoingTVAVitalSignssamplingschemefor 10Guntersvillereservoirhas,andcontinuestobe,anadequatemeasureandmonitorofanysubstantivechangeswhichmightoccurtotheaquaticcommunityofthereservoir."TVA'saquaticresourceshealthandstatusratingsareerroneous,misinterpreted,andbiasedinsupportoftheunsubstantiatedconclusionsofimpactstoaquaticresourcesfromoperationofBLN.Figure2.3-28(ER2.3.3.2.6,page2.3
-44)listsratingsforindividualecologicalhealthindicatorsatGuntersvilleReservoirin2004.Thelistedratingsof'fair'or'good'forfishandbenthicorganismsisnotaccurateanddisingenuousinthismatter.MyassertionissupportedbythedecliningfishspeciesinGuntersvillereservoiraswellasfishandmusselspeciesthroughouttheTennesseeRiverbasin.ThisdeclinehasbeenattributedtoTVAfacilitiesandmanagementoftheriverbasin(EtnierandStarnes1993).IfTVA'sratingsystemwereanadequatemeasuretomonitorchangesinaquaticresources,a44%declinewouldmostcertainlyrateas'poor.'Therefore,TVAshouldscrutinizethisratingsystemorshouldconsultunbiasedexpertstoaddressecosystemhealth.22.Inconclusion,theentirereservoirandrivercontinuumisuniqueandshouldbetreatedasso.ItisobviousthecompoundingeffectsofthemultitudeofdisruptionswithintherivercontinuumhavebeendetrimentaltotheaquaticcommunityoftheTennesseeRiver.SamplingatBLNisabsolutelywarrantedandwouldbeconsideredstandardpracticetoevaluateimpactsfromconstructionandoperationofadditionalnuclearreactors.TheTVAVitalSignssamplingschemeisnotanadequateproxytotheappropriatefieldstudiesthatarewarrantedtoproperlyevaluatepotentialimpactsfromtheoperationofBLN.
11 12LiteratureCitedAngermeier,P.L.1995.Ecologicalattributesofextinction
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