Regulatory Guide 2.6

Emergency Planning for Research Reactors.

ML12184A008
Person / Time
Issue date:	01/31/1979
From:	Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
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RG-2.006
Download: ML12184A008 (10)

U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION January 1979 REGULATORY GUIDE

OFFICE OF STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT

REGULATORY GUIDE 2.6 EMERGENCY PLANNING FOR RESEARCH REACTORS

A. INTRODUCTION

velop a completely detailed plan encompassing every conceivable type of emergency situation, Section 50.34, "Contents of Applications; advance planning, including the pr aration of Technical Information," of 10 CFR Part 50, procedures to implement the pý- ing objec-

"Domestic Licensing of Production and Utiliza- tives and provisions for ensurin" availabil- tion Facilities," requires that each application ity of necessary equipment.. suplA, and for a license to operate a facility include in a services, can create a hio .'or*4. of p pared- Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR), along ness and ensure an or d , timely deci- with other information, the applicant's plans sionmaking process a ei.. lS.

for coping with emergencies, including the items specified in Appendix E, "Emergency In the judgment t ?NRC1 taff, the poten- Plans for Production and Utilization Facilities," tial radiologic ha s the public asso- to 10 CFR Part 50. ciated with r f research reactors are considerab] i th n those involved with Appendix E refers to a document entitled nuclear

• Moreover, because there

"Guide to the Preparation of Emergency Plans are m. y kinds of research reactors, for Production and Utilization Facilities,"1 the nti o emergency situations arising which was developed to help applicants estab- and ns ences thereof vary from facility lish adequate plans for coping with emergen- fa These differences and variations cies. This regulatory guide provides additional ct to be reflected realistically in the guidance on emergency planning for research - y plans and procedures developed for reactors and describes a method acceptable *tig a esearch reactor facility.

the NRC staff for complying with the om sion's regulations with regard to the content General guidance for meeting the regulations emergency plans for these facilities. Appendix E to 10 CFR Part 50 is provided in ANSI standard ANSI/ANS 15.16-1978, "Emer-

B. DISCUSSION

gency Planning for Research Reactors. "2 This regulatory guide provides more detailed The Commission's interest in, emergency h- guidance for emergency planning for research ning is focused primarily on situations that may reactors.

cause or may threaten ause radiological hazards affecting the and safety of In the development or modification of emer- workers or the public o in damage to gency plans for a specific research reactor, property. Emergenc 1 ho be directed the applicant should be guided by the follow- toward mitigatin . n ences of emer- ing:

gencies and sho pro e easonable assur- ance that ap p, e m ures can and will be 1. The plans should be an expression of the taken to p c , et d safety and prevent overall concept of operation that describes how damage to ty e event of an emer- the elements of advance planning that are gency. Alth it is not practicable to de- identified in Appendix E to 10 CFR Part 50

'Copies may be obtained by written request to the U.S.

2 Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C. 20555. Copies may be obtained from the American Nuclear Society, Attention: Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. 555 North Kensington Avenue, La Grange Park, Illinois 60525.

USNRC REGULATORY GUIDES Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the Commision. U.S. Nuclea Regulatory Commision, Washington, D.C. 20655. Attention: Docketing and Regulatory Guides are issed to describe and make available to the public Service Branch.

methods acceptable to the NRC staff of implementing specific parts of the Commission's regulations, to derineate techniques used by the staff in evalu- The guides we issued in the following ton broad divisions:

ating specific problemn or postulated acciident., or to provide guidance to 6. Products applicants. Regulatory Guides are not substitutm for regulations, and com-

1. Power Reactors

2 Research and Test Reactors 7. Transportation piasce with them. not required. Methods and solutions daffere from those 3. Fuels and Materials Facilities 8. Occupational Health st out in the guides will be acceptable if they provide a basis for the findings 4. Environmental and Siting 9. Antitrust and Financial Review requisite to the issuance or continuance of a permit or license by the 5. Materials and Plant Protection 10. General Commnion.

Comments and suggestions for improvements In these guides re encouraged Requests for single copies of Iued guides (which may be reproduced) or for

.at an time, and guides will be revised, a appropriate, to acoomnodate com- plmemenwt on an autoratic distribution list for single copies of future guides ments and to reflect new information or experience. However, comments on in specific divisions should be made i writing to the U.S. Nuclear Regula y this guide, if received within about two months after its issuance, will be Commission, Washington. D.C. 206, Attention: Director. Diviskii of particu "layuseful In evaluating the need for an ealy remvion. Technical Information end Document Control.

have been considered and the provisions that scribe this planning basis and the correspond- have been made to cope with emergency situa- ing arrangements and agreements among the tions. Guidance on the scope and content of licensee and the local, State, or Federal agen- such plans is provided in Annex A, "Scope and cies expected to respond.

Content of Emergency Plans for Research Reactors," to this guide. 2. The scope and content of emergency plans for research reactors authorized to operate at

2. Features and candidate subjects that power levels of approximately 100 kW or more should be considered in the preparation of spe- and reactor facilities presenting comparable cific procedures for implementing the emergen- risks should be substantially equivalent to cy plans are described in Annex B, "Imple- those described in Annex A to this guide. The menting Procedures for Emergency Plans," to scope and content of emergency plans for this guide. research reactors authorized to operate at power levels less than 100 kW should include at

3. Details that can reasonably be expected to least those elements of Annex A to this guide change from time to time, e.g., names and except those that are marked with an asterisk.

telephone numbers, specific items of equipment and supplies, inventory lists, and step-by- 3. To ensure that a state of preparedness is step procedures or checklists that may be al- maintained, provisions should be made (1) for tered as a result of experience or test a biennial review and updating of the emergen- exercises, should not be incorporated into the cy plans and implementing procedures to re- plans. Implementing procedures that are not flect changes onsite or in the environs and (2)

expected to change with time may, but need for specified periodic testing, exercises, and not, be incorporated into the plans described drills.

in the SAR.

C. REGULATORY POSITION

The purpose of this section is to provide

1. Each applicant's emergency plans should information to applicants and licensees regard- include provisions for coping with emergencies ing the NRC staff's plans for using this regu- within and beyond the immediate boundary of latory guide.

the facility. Responsibility for planning and implementing all emergency measures within the Except in those cases in which the applicant facility boundaries rests with the licensee. In or licensee proposes an acceptable alternative this context, the licensed facility boundaries method for complying with specified portions of should be clearly defined. Planning and imple- the Commission's regulations, the method de- mentation of measures to cope with reactor- scribed herein will be used in evaluating emer- related emergencies beyond the facility bound- gency plans submitted with new and renewal ary should be commensurate with and based applications for research reactor operating upon the potential consequences of credible ac- licenses until this guide is revised as a result cnidents or incidents and specified emergency of suggestions from the public or additional action criteria. The emergency plan should de- staff review.

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A

SCOPE AND CONTENT OF EMERGENCY PLANS FOR RESEARCH REACTORS

1. DEFINITIONS

2. EMERGENCY CONDITIONS

Definitions of any terms that are unique to 2.1 Classification System the facility under consideration or are given connotations that differ from normally accepted An emergency plan should characterize sev- usage should be provided. Listed below are eral classes of emergency situations. The sys- some terms used in this guide along with the tem of classification used should consist of definitions that should be applied to these mutually exclusive groupings, and it should terms when they are used in emergency plans. cover the entire spectrum of credible radiologi- cal emergency situation

s. Each class defined

1.1 Assessment actions-those actions taken dur- should be associated with a particular set of ing or after an accident to obtain and process immediate actions that are to be taken to cope information that is necessary to make decisions with the situation.

to implement specific emergency measures.

Specific implementing procedures should be

1.2 Corrective actions-those measures taken to prepared for each identified class of emergency ameliorate or terminate an emergency situation (see Annex B).

at or near the source of the problem in order to prevent an uncontrolled release of radio- An acceptable classification scheme is de- active material or to reduce the magnitude of a scribed in qualitative terms in the following release. subsections.

1.3 Protective actions-those measures taken in 2.1. 1 Personnel Emergency anticipation of or after an uncontrolled release of radioactive material has occurred for the This class involves accidents or occurrences purpose of preventing or minimizing radiologi- onsite in which emergency treatment of one or cal exposures to persons that would be likely more individuals is required. It includes those to occur if the actions were not taken. situations that have no potential for escalation to more severe emergency condition

s. There

1.4 Population at risk-those persons for whom may be no effect on the reactor, and immediate protective actions are being or would be taken. operator action to alter reactor status is not necessarily required. A Personnel Emergency would not be expected to activate an entire emergency organization but may require special

1.5 Recovery actions-those actions taken after local services such as ambulance and medical.

the emergency to restore the facility to a safe Emergencies in this class may be expected to status. occur during the life of a research reactor.

1.6 Protective action guides (PAG)-projected Implementing procedures for handling this

-Rdiological dose or dose commitment values to class of emergency may also be incorporated individuals in the general population that war- into the reactor's radiation protection proce- rant protective action following a release of ra- dures and general safety procedures.

dioactive material. Protective actions would be warranted provided the reduction in individual Included in this class are injuries that may dose expected to be achieved by carrying out be complicated by contamination problems or the protective action is not offset by excessive radiation exposures to onsite personnel.

risks to individual safety in taking the protec- tive action. The projected dose does not The recognition of this class of emergency is include the dose that has unavoidably occurred primarily a judgment matter for supervisory prior to the assessment. personnel. Its importance as part of the classi- fication scheme rests to some extent on its

"negative" information content, viz., that the

1.7 Emergency action levels-radiological dose incident giving rise to the emergency is rates; specific contamination levels of airborne, restricted in its scope of involvement.

waterborne, or surface-deposited concentra- tions of radioactive materials; or specific in- 2.1.2 Emergency Alert strument readings that may be used as thresh- olds for initiating specific emergency measures, This class involves specific situations that e.g., designating a particular class of emer- can be recognized as creating a hazard poten- gency, initiating a notification procedure, or tial that was previously nonexistent or latent.

initiating a particular protective action. The situation has not yet caused damage to the

2.6-3

reactor or harm to personnel but may warrant do not indicate the possibility of a more serious an immediate shutdown of the reactor if it is in emergency.

an operating mode. This is a situation in which time is available to take precautionary and con- 2.1.4 Facility Emergency*

structive steps to prevent an accident and to mitigate the consequences should it occur. Because of measures taken to guard against Emergency Alert situations may be brought on their occurrence, emergency situations more by either manmade or natural phenomena and severe than a Reactor Emergency are not can be expected to occur during the Life of a expected to occur during the life of a research research reactor. reactor. Nevertheless, it is considered neces- sary and prudent that facilities make provi- Emergency Alert conditions imply a rapid sions for a class that involves an uncontrolled transition to a state of readiness by the reactor release of radioactive materials into the air, personnel and possibly by some offsite emer- water, or ground to an extent that the initial gency support organizations, the possible assessment indicates protective actions offsite cessation of certain routine functions or activ- should be considered. 4 I Alerting principal ities that are not immediately essential, and offsite emergency organizations is a recom- possible precautionary actions that a specific mended associated measure. Assessment actions situation may require. Examples of situations' should include provisions for monitoring the that should be placed in this class are threats environment.

to or breaches of security measures such as bomb threats or civil disturbance; 3 severe Emergency action levels for declaring a Facil- natural phenomena in the reactor environment ity Emergency should be defined in terms of such as a flood, hurricane, or tornado; emer- instrument readings or alarms. To avoid un- gency situations such as nearby fires; or necessary response to false alarms, the activa- release of a toxic or noxious gas in or near the tion criteria for monitors should be defined so reactor area. as to require a rapid method of corroborating an actual alarm conditio

n. The bases and

2.1.3 Reactor Emergency criteria used to specify these emergency action levels should be described and their relation- This class includes physical occurrences ship to protective action guides explained.

within the facility requiring emergency organi- zation response. The initial assessment leading An example of a situation that might fall into to this class should indicate that it is unlikely this class is an act, circumstance, or event, that an offsite hazard will be created. e.g., a serious failure of an experiment, that However, substantial modification of reactor results in a major disruption of the core with operating status is a highly probable corrective subsequent fission product release.

action to ensue if the automatic protective sys- tems have not already produced such action. 3. ORGANIZATIONAL CONTROL OF

Although this class is associated with a judg- EMERGENCIES

ment that the emergency situation can be cor- Starting with the normal operating organiza- rected and controlled by the onsite staff, noti- tion as a base, the plan should describe the fication through normal reporting mechanisms emergency organization that would be activated of an appropriate offsite agency to alert it as at the facility and any augmentation from off- to the nature and possible extent of the inci- site groups as necessary. Authorities and re- dent should be a measure associated with this sponsibilities of key individuals and groups class. Protective evacuations or isolations of should be delineated. Adequate communication certain areas of the facility may be necessary. links established for notifying, alerting, and mobilizing all emergency personnel should be Situations that might fall into this class are identified.

those accidents that are predicted to have in- sufficient radiological consequences offsite to 3._1 Facility Emergency Organization warrant taking protective measures. Fires and minor explosions in the facility, e.g., the The mobilization billets of staff personnel for failure of an experiment under pressure, emergency situations should be described. In- should fall into this class. clude the position title of that person who is designated to take charge of emergency control Activation levels for declaring Reactor Emer- measures and the specific line of succession for gencies should be based on the recognition of this authority.

an immediate need to implement in-house emer- gency measures to protect or provide aid to Item need not be included in emergency plans for research affected persons or to mitigate the conse- reactors authorized to operate at power levels of less than quences of damage to equipment, coupled with 100 kW (see Regulatory Position C.2).

4 a positive observation that radiological monitors "Background Material for the Development of Radiation Pro- tection Standards," Federal Radiation Council, Report No. 5,

3 July 1964, and Report No. 7, May 1965.

Details of measures to cope with security incidents should be described in the facility physical security plan required sManual of Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions pursuant to 10 CFR 50.34(c) and should be withheld from pub- for Nuclear Incidents (Chapter 2), U.S. Environmental Protec- lic disclosure pursuant to 10 CFR 2.790(d). tion Agency, EPA-520/1-75-0O1, September 1975.

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3.2 Augmentation of Facility Emergency Organi- cy situation. The details of assessment func- zation tions should be incorporated in explicit imple- menting procedures. The plan should include a The extension of the organizational capability description of the methodologies and techniques for handling emergencies to be provided by to be used to an extent sufficient to demon- ambulance, medical, hospital, and firefighting strate, in a timely manner, that there is organizations should be described. The ar- reasonable assurance (1) that the magnitudes rangements and any written agreements of releases of radioactive materials can be reached with such organizations should be determined, (2) that the magnitude of any included. resulting radioactive contamination can be de- termined, (3) that projected exposures to

3.3 Coordination with Participating Government persons within or beyond the facility bound- Agencies aries can be estimated, and (4) that emergency action levels specified can be determined.

The principal State agency (designated State authority) and other governmental agencies 4.3 Corrective Actions (local, county, State, and Federal) having action responsibilities for radiological emergen- In some emergency situations, actions can be cies in the area in which the reactor is located taken to correct or mitigate the situation at or should be identified. A description should be near the source of the problem to prevent an given of the authority and responsibility of uncontrolled release of radioactive materials or each such agency for emergency preparedness to reduce the magnitude of a release. Correc- planning and for emergency response, particu- tive actions should be considered as a supple- larly in relation to those of the licensee and to ment to design features and as both a backup those of other agencies. Copies of any written and an extension of automatically initiated ac- agreements with such agencies should be tions. Proficiency in corrective actions such as

6 included. firefighting, repair, and damage control should constitute a major objective of the training

4. EMERGENCY RESPONSE effort and onsite drill program.

Specific emergency response measures should 4.4 Protective Actions be identified for each emergency class and related to action levels or criteria that specify This section should describe the nature of when the measures are to be implemented. protective actions for which the plan provides, the criteria (Protective Action Guides) for im- The planning represented by this section plementing these protective actions, the area should lead to more detailed emergency plan involved, and the means of notifying or warn- implementing procedures and assignments for ing the persons at risk.

executing tasks by appropriate members of the emergency organization. Emergency measures 4.4.1 Protective Cover, Evacuation, Person- begin with the activation of an emergency class nel Accountability*

and its associated emergency organization. The additional measures may be organized, where The emergency plan should provide for time- applicable to each class, into assessment ac- ly evacuation of persons in order to prevent or tions, corrective actions, protective actions, minimize radiological exposure. The following and aid to affected persons. items should be included:

4.1 Activation of Emergency Organization 1. Facility The communication steps taken to alert or a. Action criteria, activate emergency personnel under each class of emergency, including, in particular, action b. The means to provide rapid warning or levels for notification of off site agencies, should be described and should ensure that advice to persons involved, i.e. :

they can be taken rapidly. The existence, but (1) Employees or students not having not the details, of a message authentication emergency assignments, scheme should be noted for such agencies.

(2) Working and nonworking visitors.

4.2 Assessment Actions

2. Offsite areas Effective coordination and direction of all elements of the emergency organization require a. Actions planned to immediately protect continuing assessment throughout an emergen- persons beyond the boundaries of the facility and criteria for their implementation,

6 As an alternative method of providing the information re- quested in these subsections, the applicant may choose to sub- b. The means to warn or advise the per- mit copies of such agencies' radiological emergency response plans as evidence of acceptable, coordination. sons involved.

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4.4.2 Use of Reactor Facility Protective Equip- 4.5.4 Medical Treatment ment and Supplies*

Arrangements made for local hospital and Additional protective actions that should be medical services and the capability for the considered in emergency planning include evaluation of radiation exposure and uptake measures for minimizing the effects of radiolog- should be described.

ical exposures or contamination problems by the facility distribution of special equipment or For both hospital and medical service, the supplies to reactor personnel. Measures that plan should incorporate assurance not only that should be considered for persons within the the required services are available, but also reactor facility include individual respiratory that persons providing them are prepared and protection and the use of protective clothing. qualified to handle radiological emergencies.

Written agreements with respect to arrange-

4.4.3 Contamination Control Measures ments made should be included.

Provisions should be made for preventing or minimizing exposure to radioactive materials 5. EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

deposited on floors, the ground, or other sur- faces. Such measures should include: The emergency plan should identify, de- scribe briefly, and give the locations and gen-

1. Isolation or quarantine and area access eral type of items to be used or maintained by

-ontrol, the licensee.

2. Criteria for permitting return to normal use. 5. 1 Emergency Control Centers*

This section should identify the principal lo-

4.5 Aid to Affected Personnel cation from which effective emergency control direction is given.

The emergency plan should describe meas- ures that will be used by the licensee to pro- vide necessary assistance to persons injured or 5.2 Communications Systems exposed to radioactivity. The following matters should be included: The plan should include descriptions of facility communications systems that would be required to perform vital functions in transmit-

4.5.1 Emergency Personnel Exposure ting and receiving information throughout the course of an emergency.

This should specify exposure guidelines for entry or reentry to areas in order to (1)

remove injured persons and (2) undertake 5.3 Assessment Facilities corrective actions. Exposure guidelines should also be specified for emergency personnel who The plan should identify monitoring systems will be providing first 'aid, decontamination, and laboratory facilities that are to be used to ambulance, or medical treatment services to determine the need to initiate emergency meas- injured persons, and a description of how ures, as well as those to be used for continu- these guidelines will be implemented. Methods ing assessment, e.g.:

for permitting volunteers to receive radiation exposures in the course of carrying out life- 1. Portable and fixed radiological monitors, saving activities should ensure expeditious 2. Sampling equipment, decisionmaking and a reasonable balance of 3. Instrumentation for specific radionuclide relative risks. identification and analysis,

4. Nonradiological monitors or indicators that

4.5.2 Decontamination and First Aid may provide pertinent system or status infor- mation, Capabilities for decontaminating personnel 5. Fire detection devices.

for their own protection and to prevent or minimize further spread of contamination should 5.4 First Aid and Medical Facilities be included, along with a brief description of first aid training and capabilities of appro- A summary desbription of medical and first priate members of the emergency organization. aid facilities should be provided.

4.5.3 Medical Transportation 6. MAINTAINING EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

Arrangements for transporting injured per- sonnel, who may also be contaminated with The plan should include a description of how radioactive material, to medical treatment facil- the plan will continue to be effective througlh- ities should be specified. out the lifetime of the facility.

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6. 1 Organizational Preparedness 6.3 Maintenance and Inventory of Emergency Equipment and Supplies

6.1.1 Training The operational readiness of all items of The plan should include a description of spe- emergency equipment and supplies should be cialized training to be provided to emergency ensured. The provisions for performing main- personnel. tenance, surveillance testing, and inventory on emergency equipment and supplies should be

6.1.2 Drills and Exercises described.

The plan should describe provisions for the

7. RECOVERY

conduct of periodic drills and exercises to test the adequacy of timing and content of imple- menting procedures and methods, to test emer- General plans, including applicable criteria, gency equipment, and to ensure that emergen- for restoring the facility to a safe status cy organization personnel are familiar with should be described.

their duties. Preplanned descriptions or simu- lations of accidents or similar events should be

8. APPENDIX

used to prepare scenarios appropriate to the objectives of each drill or exercise.

The appendix to the plan should include the The plan should provide for emergency test following items:

exercises, one prior to initial criticality and biennially thereafter, using scenarios appro- 1. General building layout plans and area priate to serious emergency situations. Each of maps.

these exercises should contain provisions for coordination with offsite emergency personnel 2. Copies of agreement letters with offsite and should test, as a minimum, the communica- emergency response supporting organizations tions links and notification procedures with and copies of referenced interfacing emergency those offsite agencies. plans.

The plan should also provide for annual on- 3. Listings, by general category, of emer- site drills using scenarios appropriate to test gency kits, protective equipment, and supplies firefighting, contamination control measures, that are stored and maintained for emergency and building evacuation. These drills should be purposes. A detailed catalog of individual items conducted onsite as action drills with each re- should not be included in the plan.

quired emergency measure being executed as realistically as is reasonably possible. Provi- 4. Listings, by title, of written procedures sions should be made for critiques of all drills that implement the plans.

and exercises, including timely evaluation of observer comments about the implementation The written procedures themselves and a and corrective action. detailed catalog of protective equipment and supplies should be available at the facility for

6.2 Review and Updating of the Plan and Pro- inspection at any time by a representative of cedures the Commission's Office of Inspection and Enforcement.

Provision should be made for a biennial review of the emergency plan and for updating 5. An analysis that sets forth the basis for and improving procedures to incorporate the emergency plan (Planning Basis). This results of training and drills and to account for should include descriptions of the types of changes in the facility or in the environs. credible incident and accident situations, their Means for informing elements of the .total expected consequences, and their conserva- emergency organization of the revisions to the tively analyzed potential consequences. If this plan or relevant procedures should be de- analysis, in whole or in part, has been sub- scribed. Provisions for reviewing and updating mitted previously to NRC, a clear and specific all written agreements at these times of revi- reference thereto is acceptable, and the sion should be included. analysis need not be repeated.

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ANNEX B

IMPLEMENTING PROCEDURES FOR EMERGENCY PLANS

(Applicable to Research Reactors Authorized to Operate at Power Levels Approximating 100 kW or Greater or Reactor Facilities Presenting Comparable Risk)

This annex provides guidance regarding the purpose of the procedure should be stated preparation and content of procedures that separately.

implement the emergency plan.

1.4.2 Conditions and Prerequisites

1. CONTENT AND FORMAT OF PROCEDURES

Each procedure should specify the prerequi- This section describes desirable features that sites and conditions that should exist before should be incorporated, where appropriate, the specified actions or operations are per- into individual implementing procedures. formed. These should be in the form of action levels or protective action guides.

1.1 Organization and Responsibilities

1.4.3 Actions and Limitations Wherever appropriate, each procedure should specify the individual (by title) or organiza- Procedures should present the required ac- tional element having the authority and respon- tions in a succinct and concise manner and in sibility for performing specific critical tasks step-by-step order and logical sequence. The covered by the procedure. instructions should be sufficiently detailed for

-a--qualified individual to perform the required

1.2 Action Levels actions without supervision, but they need not provide a completely detailed description of the Emergency action levels and protective action actions, methods, or processes.

guides should be specified in procedures, along with the emergency actions or protective If the user is given the latitude to exercise actions required and the individuals or organi- judgment in implementing specific actions or zational units responsible for their implementa- parts of the procedure, guidelines should be tion. provided in the procedure to aid the user in making decisions.

1.3 Actions by Support Agencies

1.4.4 Cautions and Precautions The specific actions to be performed by sup- port groups should be identified in the proce- Important steps or precautions should be dures dealing with their activities. If the emer- noted or highlighted within the procedure.

gency actions performed by these groups require coordination with other elements of the 1.4.5 References emergency organization, the particulars and requirements of this coordination should be When procedural steps require other func- specified in the controlling procedure. tions or jobs to be performed, the controlling procedure should contain the reference to

1.4 Procedure Format other applicable procedures.

A rigid format for implementing procedures is 1.4.6 Signoff Sheets and Checklists not. suggested in this guide. An acceptable format should display the action steps so the Complex or lengthy controlling procedures user of the procedure can clearly understand should have provisions for signoff sheets or his duties. The format of procedures that checklists to document the fact that required specify immediate actions to be taken has actions have been taken or have been special significance because the user needs completed. Examples include notification call brief and explicit instructions that can be lists and personnel accountability checks.

followed easily and quickly. These immediate actions should be memorized by major partici- 2. SCOPE OF IMPLEMENTING PROCEDURES

pants with a follow-up check of the procedure to ensure that needed actions were included. 2.1 Immediate Action Procedures

1.4.1 Title and Purpose There should be a separate procedure or procedure subsection for each identified class Each procedure should have a title that is of emergency to specify and implement the descriptive of its purpose. However, if the planned response actions required for that title is not sufficiently descriptive, the emergency condition. Each procedure should

2.6-8

(1) clearly identify the action level, the pro- should refer to or be related to those proce- tective action guide, or the conditions for dures for personnel accountability and declaring the emergency condition; (2) list by personnel monitoring.

priority the individuals and elements of the emergency organization that are to be notified 2.2.5 Personnel Accountability and mobilized; and (3) specify the emergency actions that are to be taken by designated in- A method of personnel accountability should dividuals (by title) and elements of the emer- be specified in procedures to ensure that, at gency organization. Communications procedures all times, all individuals in the area and should require formality; acknowledgements of buildings onsite are warned of imminent threats orders and reports; and designation of relative or hazardous conditions and evacuated from priority of communications with the scene of affected areas if required.

the emergency, the facility emergency control center, outside activities, etc. Effective The procedures should designate individuals methods for rapid internal and external trans- having the responsibility of accounting for mission of information may include preposi- persons within the reactor facility. The pro- tioned messages (fill in the blanks in specified cedures should contain appropriate checksheets sequence) and instructions for use of voice, and signoffs and should provide for reporting telephone, and radio transmission. of information to the central authority in charge of the emergency response actions.

2.2 Emergency Action Procedures The following sections list subjects that 2.2.6 Assessment Actions should be covered by written procedures. The Procedures should describe the system for titles of specific procedures, as well as their contents, may vary among licensees, but the gathering information and data on which to base decisions to escalate or de-escalate emer- actions or subjects described below should be gency response actions. They should identify covered within the group of procedures that implement the emergency plan. the types and sources of information available.

The procedures should specify action levels,

2.2.1 Notifications protective action guides, and other guidelines as a basis for decisions to initiate emergency Call lists to alert and mobilize the emergency measures and actions or to terminate or other- wise modify -emergency actions in progress.

organization and supporting agencies should be The procedures should assign responsibilities specified for each identified class of emergen- for gathering and using assessment data and cy. If call lists are not too lengthy or complex, information.

they should be incorporated into the immediate action procedure.

2.2.7 First Aid and Medical Care

2.2.2 Radiological Surveys The procedures that specify the methods and instructions for receiving, transporting, and Procedures should specify the methods, and handling injured persons and providing for planned locations if feasible, for emergency their medical treatment should specifically radiological surveys onsite and offsite. The include the precautions and special handling procedures should include provisions for required for contaminated patients. The proce- transmitting collected data and information to dures should cover separately the provisions the individual or organizational element respon- for and use of medical treatment facilities in sible for emergency assessment functions. both onsite and offsite areas.

2.2.3 Personnel Monitoring and Decontamina- 2.2.8 Firefighting tion The procedures should require monitoring of The procedures should cover precautions for individuals leaving restricted areas or other fighting fires involving radioactive materials.

areas known or suspected to be contaminated. They should cover the responsibilities and The procedures should specify contamination capabilities of both onsite, and, if applicable, levels that require decontamination actions. off site firefighting teams and equipment. The They should also include or refer to decontami- procedures should include the clear decision- nation procedures for various types and levels making chain for interface with offsite agen- of radioactive contamination. cies. They should include specific instructions for monitoring the exposure to radiation of off-

2.2.4 Evacuation of Onsite Areas site personnel involved in firefighting.

Procedures for evacuation should include the 2.2.9 Reentry action levels that require evacuation of speci- fied areas and buildings, and the site. Primary Procedures and guidelines should be devel- and secondary evacuation routes and assembly oped for reentry to previously evacuated areas areas should be designated. These procedures for the purposes of saving lives, search and

2.6-9

rescue of missing and injured persons, or ma- with the equipment. Procedures should include nipulation, repair, or recovery of critical inventory lists of kits, equipment, and instru- equipment or systems. These procedures ments and provisions for periodic inventory, should include specific guidelines for maximum inspection, calibration, and maintenance.

emergency radiation exposures for reentry and rescue personnel. Procedures should be devel- 2.3.4 Training oped for permitting the voluntary acceptance of emergency exposure for lifesaving actions. The training program for the emergency or- ganization should be documented in the form of

2.2.10 Facility Security schedules and lesson outlines. The program should include training for licensee employees The facility security procedures should pro- and for offsite organizations and personnel who vide for security and access control during are to provide support in the emergency emergency conditions. response. The training for off'site personnel who may be required to enter the facility

2.2.11 Recovery should typically include familiarization with the facility layout and instructions on site proce- Action levels and guidelines should be devel- dures necessary for their safety and for their oped for restoring operations and property to a effective interface with onsite personnel. Off- safe status. The less complex operations such site personnel training may include emergency as personnel emergencies and emergency alerts dosimeter issue procedures, firefighting equip- should require only brief recovery action pro- ment locations, vehicle access routes, and fa- cedures. The more complex emergency opera- cility alarms.

tions, however, will generally require corre- spondingly complex recovery actions. It is not Training should include delineation of meth- practicable to plan detailed recovery actions ods to evaluate its effectiveness and to correct for all conceivable situations, but procedures weak areas through feedback with emphasis on that include at least the initial planning consid- schedules, practical training, or periodic exa- erations for recovering, repairing, decontami- minations.

nating, etc., potentially affected portions of the facility should be developed. 2.3.5 Tests and Drills During recovery operations, personnel expo- Procedures should provide for onsite practice sures to radiation should be maintained within drills that use detailed scenarios to test both

10 CFR Part 20 limits. specific procedures and implementation of the major aspects of the emergency plan. The sce-

2.3 Supplemental Procedures narios should be planned simulations of emer- gency situations, and they should be approved This section lists subjects for procedures by facility management after they have been that supplement those covering emergency reviewed for scope and adequacy.

response actions. The specific titles and con- tents may vary, but the described subjects The procedures should consider testing on should be covered in the licensee's procedural both an announced and unannounced basis.

system. They should require the use of observers during the conduct of test drills and should

2.3.1 Communications contain provisions for appropriate critique of the drills.

Procedures should be available for activat- ing, operating, testing, and maintaining the emergency communications systems.

3. REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF PROCEDURES

2.3.2 Documentation and Records Procedures should include requirements for recording the implementation and completion or The procedural system used by licensees termination of emergency response actions, should contain written rules and instructions logging assessment data, reports of personnel governing the writing, revising, and updating accountability, and maintenance of required of implementing procedures. The instructions records and logs. should specify the methods to be used to ensure that procedures, revisions, and

2.3.3 Equipment and Instrumentation changes are reviewed for adequacy, approved for use, and distributed to user organizations Operating instructions for equipment and in- and individuals having the responsibility for strumentation should be prepared and stored implementing the procedures.

2.6-10