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#REDIRECT [[LR-N14-0041, SL-012271, Revision 0, Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation, Cover Through Page 1-4]]
| number = ML14071A508
| issue date = 03/07/2014
| title = SL-012271, Revision 0, Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation, Cover Through Page 1-4
| author name = Blount D R, Chalfant L
| author affiliation = PSEG Nuclear, LLC, Sargent & Lundy, LLC
| addressee name =
| addressee affiliation = NRC/NRR
| docket = 05000354
| license number = NPF-057
| contact person =
| case reference number = 12800-213, LR-N14-0041
| document report number = SL-012271, Rev 0
| package number = ML14071A505
| document type = Environmental Report
| page count = 19
}}
 
=Text=
{{#Wiki_filter:OPSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation SL-012271 Revision 0 March 7, 2014 Safety-Related D Non-Safety
-Related Prepared By Sargent & Lundy"e 500 Delaware Avenue Wilmington
, DE 19801-7400 www.sargentlundy.com PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page ii   
 
LEGAL NOTICE This report was prepared by Sargent & Lundy, L.L.C. ("S&L"), expressly for the sole use of PSEG Nuclear in accordance with the agreem ent between S&L and Client. This Deliverable was prepared using the degree of skill and care ordinarily exercised by engineers practicing under similar circumstances. Client acknowledges: (1) S&L prepared this Deliverable subject to the particular scope limitations, budgetary and time constraints, and business objectives of the Client; (2) information and data provided by others may not have been independently verified by S&L; and (3) the information and data contained in this Deliverable are time sensitive and changes in the data, applicable codes, standards, and acceptable engineering practices may invalidate the findings of this Deliverable. Any use or reliance upon this Deliverable by third parties shall be at their sole risk.
 
PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page iv  TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title Page INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................XV 1.0 SITE INFORMATION RELATED TO THE FLOOD HAZARD...........................1-1 1.1 DETAILED SITE INFORMATION.....................................................................1-1 1.1.1 Site Layout........................................................................................................1-1 1.1.2 Spatial Data Sets..............................................................................................1-1 1.1.3 Elevation of Structures, Systems and Components..........................................1-2 1.1.4 Topography.......................................................................................................1-2 1.1.5 Delaware River Basin and Estuary System......................................................1-2 1.2 CURRENT DESIGN BASIS FLOOD ELEVATIONS.........................................1-13 1.2.1 CLB Local Intense Precipitation........................................................................1-13 1.2.2 CLB Flooding in Streams and Rivers................................................................1-14 1.2.3 CLB Dam Breaches and Failures.....................................................................1-14 1.2.4 CLB Storm Surge..............................................................................................1-14 1.2.5 CLB Seiche.......................................................................................................1-16 1.2.6 CLB Tsunami....................................................................................................1-16 1.2.7 CLB Ice Induced Flooding................................................................................1-17 1.2.8 CLB Channel Migration or Diversion................................................................1-17 1.2.9 CLB Combined Effects.....................................................................................1-17 1.2.10 CLB Associated Effects....................................................................................1-17 1.3 FLOOD-RELATED CHANGES AND FLOOD PROTECTION CHANGES.......1-24 1.4 CHANGES TO THE WATERSHED AND LOCAL AREA..................................1-25 1.5 CURRENT LICENSING BASIS FLOOD PROTECTION AND MITIGATION FEATURES......................................................................................................1-26 1.6 ADDITIONAL SITE DETAIL.............................................................................1-27
 
==1.7 REFERENCES==
.................................................................................................1-28 2.0 FLOODING HAZARD REEVALUATION..........................................................2-1 2.1 LOCAL INTENSE PRECIPITATION.................................................................2-3 2.1.1 LIP Intensity and Distribution............................................................................2-3 2.1.2 LIP Model Development...................................................................................2-3 2.1.3 LIP Simulation...................................................................................................2-6 2.1.4 LIP Event Simulation Results...........................................................................2-7 2.1.5 Conclusions......................................................................................................2-8 2.1.6 References.......................................................................................................2-8 2.2 FLOODING IN STREAMS AND RIVERS.........................................................2-26 2.2.1 Summary of River Flooding Analysis................................................................2-26 2.2.2 Analysis of Worst Regional Hurricane..............................................................2-28 2.2.3 25-year Surge and Seiche Event......................................................................2-28 2.2.4 Results and Conclusions..................................................................................2-29
 
PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page v  2.2.5 References.......................................................................................................2-29 2.3 DAM BREACHES AND FAILURES..................................................................2-37 2.3.1 Compilation of the Upstream Dam Database...................................................2-37 2.3.2 Peak Outflow without Attenuation.....................................................................2-37 2.3.3 Peak Outflow with Attenuation..........................................................................2-39 2.3.4 Conclusions......................................................................................................2-40 2.3.5 References.......................................................................................................2-40 2.4 STORM SURGE...............................................................................................2-48 2.4.1 Estimation of Storm Surge................................................................................2-48 2.4.2 Modeling System..............................................................................................2-50 2.4.3 Joint Probability - Optimal Sampling................................................................2-53 2.4.4 Potential Sea Level Rise..................................................................................2-66 2.4.5 10-6 AEP Storm Surge Water Surface Elevation...............................................2-66 2.4.6 Sediment Erosion and Deposition Associated with Storm Surge.....................2-66 2.4.7 Probable Maximum Wind Storm (PMWS).........................................................2-67 2.4.8 References.......................................................................................................2-68 2.5 SEICHE............................................................................................................2-105 2.5.1 References.......................................................................................................2-106 2.6 TSUNAMI.........................................................................................................2-107 2.6.1 Conclusions......................................................................................................2-107 2.6.2 References.......................................................................................................2-108 2.7 ICE INDUCED FLOODING..............................................................................2-109 2.7.1 Conclusions......................................................................................................2-109 2.7.2 References.......................................................................................................2-109 2.8 CHANNEL MIGRATION OR DIVERSION........................................................2-110 2.8.1 Conclusions......................................................................................................2-110 2.8.2 References.......................................................................................................2-110 2.9 COMBINED FLOOD EFFECT..........................................................................2-111 2.9.1 Conclusions......................................................................................................2-111 2.9.2 References.......................................................................................................2-111 2.10 ASSOCIATED EFFECTS.................................................................................2-112 2.10.1 Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Loads..............................................................2-112 2.10.2 Debris Loads....................................................................................................2-113 2.10.3 Erosion and Sedimentation...............................................................................2-116 2.10.4 Concurrent Site Conditions...............................................................................2-117 2.10.5 Groundwater Ingress........................................................................................2-117 2.10.6 Other Pertinent Factors....................................................................................2-117 2.10.7 References.......................................................................................................2-118 3.0 COMPARISON OF CURRENT DESIGN BASIS AND FLOOD CAUSING MECHANISMS..........................................................................................................................3-1 3.1 LOCAL INTENSE PRECIPITATION.................................................................3-3 3.2 FLOODING IN STREAMS AND RIVERS.........................................................3-3 3.3 DAM FAILURE.................................................................................................3-3
 
PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page vi  3.4 STORM SURGE...............................................................................................3-4 3.5 SEICHE............................................................................................................3-4 3.6 TSUNAMI.........................................................................................................3-4 3.7 ICE INDUCED FLOODING..............................................................................3-5 3.8 CHANNEL MIGRATION OR DIVERSION........................................................3-5 3.9 COMBINED EFFECTS.....................................................................................3-5 3.10 ASSOCIATED EFFECTS.................................................................................3-5 3.10.1 Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Loads..............................................................3-6 3.10.2 Debris Loads....................................................................................................3-6 3.10.3 Erosion and Sedimentation...............................................................................3-7 3.10.4 Concurrent Site Conditions...............................................................................3-8 3.10.5 Groundwater Ingress........................................................................................3-8 3.10.6 Other Pertinent Factors....................................................................................3-8 3.11 CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................3-9 3.12 REFERENCES.................................................................................................3-9 4.0 INTERIM EVALUATION AND ACTIONS TAKEN OR PLANNED....................4-15 4.1 LOCAL INTENSE PRECIPITATION.................................................................4-15
 
==4.2 REFERENCES==
.................................................................................................4-15 5.0 ADDITIONAL ACTIONS...................................................................................5-1
 
==5.1 REFERENCES==
.................................................................................................5-1
 
LIST OF TABLES Number Title 1.2-1 CLB Flooding Mechanisms  1.2-2 CLB 1 Square Mile PMP Rainfall Depths 2.1-1 1-Hour, 1 Square Mile PMP Rainfall Depths 2.1-2 FLO-2D Manning's n Values 2.1-3 LIP Analysis Results Summary at Door Locations 2.2-1 NOAA Water Level Stations in the Delaware Bay Region 2.2-2 Alternative I Results of the Combined Event Analysis 2.2-3 Alternative II Results of the Combined Event Analysis PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page vii 2.3-1 PSEG Site ESPA SSAR Dam Failure Scenario Summary Data and Qx/Qp Ratios at RM 50.8 2.4-1 River Discharge Sensitivity Results 2.4-2 Holland B Parameter Sensitivity Results 2.4-3 Forward Velocity Sensitivity Results 2.4-4 Mean Displacement and Standard Deviation of Tidal Effects 2.4-5  Production Storm Parameters, Maximum Still Water Surface Elevation and Total Water Surface Elevation 2.4-6 Surge Response Matrix for 30 NM Rmax- 22.5 Degrees Counterclockwise Storms 2.4-7 Surge Response Matrix for 45 NM Rmax - 22.5 Degrees Counterclockwise Storms 2.4-8 Surge Response Matrix for 30 NM Rmax - 0 Degrees Storms 2.4-9 Surge Response Matrix for 45 NM Rmax - 0 Degrees Storms 2.4-10 Historical Storms with Headings Towards the PSEG Site 2.4-11 Central Pressure Gumbel Distribution 2.4-12 Central Pressure Standard Deviation and Associated Surge Effect PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page viii LIST OF TABLES Number Title 2.4-13 Relationship between SWL and TWL at Each Location 2.4-14 Total Water Surface Elevations 2.10-1 Subset of Storm Events Selected for Final Analysis in the Wave and Debris Load Calculations 2.10-2 Maximum Wave Loading for Six Storms and Calculated 10-6 Probability Loads 2.10-3 Waterborne Debris Spectra 2.10-4 Maximum Impact Current Velocity at each Location  2.10-5 Maximum Debris Force at Each Location 2.10-6 Maximum Debris Pressure at Each Location 3-1 Comparison of Current Licensing Basis Flood Elevations and Reevaluated Flood Causing Mechanisms 3-2 Comparison of Storm Surge Water Surface Elevations 3-3 Comparison of Storm Surge Wave Loading 3-4 Tornado Missile Kinetic Energy 3-5 Waterborne Debris Kinetic Energy 3-6 Current Design Basis Waterborne Debris Kinetic Energy 4-1 Reactor/Auxiliary Building South Wall Flood Protection Features
 
PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page ix  LIST OF FIGURES Number Title 1.1-1 Site Location
 
1.1-2 Layout and Drainage
 
1.1-3 Local Topography
 
1.1-4 SGS Topography
 
1.1-5 HCGS Topography
 
1.1-6 Delaware River Basin Watershed 1.1-7 Delaware River Watersheds and Stations
 
1.1-8 Reservoirs of the Delaware River Basin
 
1.1-9 Datum and Water Level Relationship 2.1-1 1-Hour, 1-Square-Mile PMP Rainfall Distribution Plot 2.1-2 1-Hour, 1-Square-Mile PMP Rainfall Hyetograph 2.1-3 General Site Layout and FLO-2D Model Components 2.1-4  FLO-2D Manning's n Values 2.1-5 Maximum Flood Depth (Above Grade) 2.1-6 Classified Maximum Flood Depth (Above Grade) 2.1-7 Maximum Water Surface Elevation 2.1-8 Maximum Velocity 2.1-9 Final Depth (Above Grade) 2.1-10 LIP Flow Depth - Door Location 1 2.1-11 LIP Flow Depth - Door Location 2 2.1-12 LIP Flow Depth - Door Location 3 2.1-13 LIP Flow Depth - Door Location 4 2.1-14  LIP Flow Depth - Door Location 5 PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page x  LIST OF FIGURES Number Title 2.1-15 LIP Flow Depth - Door Location 6 2.1-16 LIP Flow Depth - Door Location 7 2.1-17  LIP Flow Depth - Door Location 8 2.1-18  LIP Flow Depth - Door Location 9 2.2-1 Location of the PSEG Site within the Delaware River Basin 2.2-2 Storm surge time series results from Hurricane Hazel at the PSEG Site 2.2-3 Storm surge time series results from Hurricane Sandy at the PSEG Site 2.3-1 Locations of Upstream Dams 2.3-2 Stage-Discharge Hydrograph for Cannonsville-Pepacton Breach Scenario 2.3-3 Linear Regression for Cannonsville-Pepacton Breach Scenario 2.3-4 Attenuation Curves Based On Storage Volume 2.3-5 Storage Volume Attenuation Rate Relationship 2.4-1 FEMA Region III ADCIRC Mesh 2.4-2 ADCIRC Mesh Refinement at PSEG Site 2.4-3  Comparison of Refined PSEG Site Mesh versus Unmodified FEMA Region III Mesh 2.4-4 Wave Run-up Computation Locations around the PSEG Site 2.4-5 PSEG Site Location within the Delaware Bay Region 2.4-6 Delaware Bay Orientation and Storm Track Angles 2.4-7 Production Storm Tracks 2.4-8 Surge Response Function for Tracks Parallel to the Axis of Delaware Bay 2.4-9 Surge Response Function for Tracks 22.5 Degrees Counterclockwise to the Axis of Delaware Bay 2.4-10 Still Water Level Annual Exceedance Probability for the PSEG Site PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page xi  LIST OF FIGURES Number Title 2.4-11 Line of Demarcation for Historical Storm Central Pressure Analysis 2.4-12  Nested SWAN Grid Resolution Comparison 2.4-13  Nested SWAN Validation Points 2.4-14 Comparison of Still Water Level and Total Water Level at Point 1 - HCGS SWIS North Wall 2.4-15 Comparison of Still Water Level and Total Water Level at Point 2- HCGS SWIS West Wall 2.4-16 Comparison of Still Water Level and Total Water Level at Point 3 - HCGS SWIS South Wall 2.4-17 Comparison of Still Water Level and Total Water Level at Point 4 - HCGS SWIS East Wall 2.4-18 Comparison of Still Water Level and Total Water Level at Point 19 - HCGS West Wall 2.4-19 Comparison of Still Water Level and Total Water Level at Point 20 - HCGS South Wall 2.4-20 Comparison of Still Water Level and Total Water Level at Point 22 - HCGS North Wall 2.10-1 Table VI-5-53 from USACE Coastal Engineering Manual
 
PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page xii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ac acres AEP annual exceedance probability ANS  American Nuclear Society  ANSI  American National Standards Institute ARF area reduction factor ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers BRE bullet resistant enclosure BWR boiling water reactor CDF confined disposal facility CEM coastal engineering manual CFR  Code of Federal Regulations cfs  cubic feet per second CLB  current license basis COL combined license Cp central pressure CRREL Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory DE Delaware DEM digital elevation model ESP early site permit ESPA early site permit application FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FSAR Final Safety Analysis Report ft feet fps feet per second HCGS Hope Creek Generating Station HHA  Hierarchical Hazard Assessment HMR  Hydrometeorological Report 
 
hr hour HUC hydrologic unit code in inch IPEEE  Individual Plant Examination for External Events ISFSI  Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation ISG Interim Staff Guidance JPM Joint Probability Method PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page xiii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (continued) JPM-OS  Joint Probability Method - Optimal Sampling kips kilo pounds kt knot L liter LIP  Local Intense Precipitation m meter mb millibar
 
MD Maryland mg milligrams mi miles MSL  Mean Sea Level MWt megawatt thermal NAVD  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 NCDC  National Climatic Data Center NGDC  National Geophysical Data Center  NGVD  National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929  NID National Inventory of Dams NJ New Jersey NM nautical mile NOAA  National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration NRC  U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NTTF  Near-Term Task Force  NY New York PA Pennsylvania PBL planetary boundary layer PMF  probable maximum flood PMH probable maximum hurricane PMP  probable maximum precipitation PMT probable maximum tsunami PSD Public Service Datum PSEG PSEG Nuclear LLC PWR pressurized water reactor RAI request for additional information RG Regulatory Guide PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page xiv ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (continued) RHR  Residual Heat Removal SER Safety Evaluation Report SGS  Salem Generating Station SSAR Site Safety Analysis Report SSC  structures, systems and components SWIS Service Water Intake Structure SWL still water level TIN triangulated irregular network TSS total suspended solids TWL total water level UFSAR  Updated Final Safety Analysis Report USACE  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USCG U.S. Coast Guard USGS  U.S. Geological Survey VBS  vehicle barrier system WSEL water surface elevation WRF width reduction factor
 
PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page xv  INTRODUCTION Following the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant resulting from the
 
March 11, 2011, Great Thoku Earthquake and subsequent tsunami, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) established the Near-Term Task Force (NTTF). The NTTF Charter tasked the NTTF with conducting a systematic and methodical review of NRC processes and regulations and determining if the agency should make additional improvements to its regulatory system. Ultimately, a comprehensive set of recommendations was developed.
 
In response to the NTTF recommendations and pursuant to Sections 161.c, 103.b, and 182.a of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR), Section 50.54(f), the U.S. NRC has requested information from all operating power licensees. The purpose of the request is to gather information to:
 
reevaluate seismic and flooding hazards at U.S. operating reactor sites,  facilitate the NRC's determination if there is a need to update the design basis and systems, structures, and components (SSCs) important to safety to protect against the updated hazards at operating reactor sites  address Generic Issue (GI) 204 regarding flooding of nuclear power plant sites following upstream dam failures The information request relating to flooding hazards requires licensees to reevaluate their sites applying present-day regulatory guidance and methodologies being used for early site permit
 
(ESP) and combined license (COL) reviews including current techniques, software, and methods used in present-day standard engineering practice to develop the flood hazard. The results are compared against the site's current licensing basis (CLB) for protection and mitigation from external flood events.
 
This report describes the flooding reevaluation performed for Hope Creek Generating Station (HCGS). This report satisfies the information requested by Enclosure 2 (Recommendation 2.1:
Flooding) of U.S. NRC letter, Request For Information Pursuant To Title 10 Of The Code Of Federal Regulations 50.54(f) Regarding Recommendations 2.1, 2.3, And 9.3, Of The Near-Term Task Force Review Of Insights From The Fukushima Dai-Ichi Accident
, dated November 12, 2012 (Reference 1-11). 
 
PSEG Power, LLC and PSEG Nuclear, LLC submitted an application for an early site permit (ESP) for the PSEG Site on May 25, 2010 (Reference 1-9). The application is revised annually and is currently under NRC review. Information fr om the PSEG Site ESP Application, which reflects more current data and methods than the HCGS CLB is used within this report as appropriate. 
 
PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page 1-1 1.0 SITE INFORMATION RELATED TO THE FLOOD HAZARD 1.1 DETAILED SITE INFORMATION Hope Creek Generating Station is located in Lower Alloways Creek Township, Salem County, New Jersey (NJ) on 734 acres (ac.) of property owned by PSEG Nuclear, LLC (PSEG). It is located approximately 15 miles south of the Delaware Memorial Bridge, 18 miles south of Wilmington, Delaware (DE), 30 miles southwest of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA), and 7-1/2 miles southwest of Salem, NJ. Salem Generating Station (SGS) Units 1 and 2 are also located on this property. Figure 1.1-1 shows the location of HCGS. 
 
1.1.1 Site Layout 
 
The PSEG Site is located on the southern part of Artificial Island on the east bank of the Delaware River. The Delaware River borders the western and southern sides of the site. HCGS and SGS Units 1 and 2 are located on the western portion of the PSEG Site. HCGS is located north of SGS. Figure 1.1-2 shows the current PSEG Site layout and drainage.
Artificial Island is connected to the mainland of NJ by a strip of tideland formed by hydraulic fill from dredging operations conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The river banks at the PSEG Site are lined with heavy riprap, sheet piling and/or wood piling to protect the banks from erosion. Other sections of river bank upstream of the property are similarly protected. Some areas further upriver are also protected by concrete structures to prevent erosion and lateral migration of the river. Lands consisting of tidal marsh are located to the north and east of the property.
 
The HCGS reactor is a single cycle, forced recirculation boiling water reactor supplied by General Electric with a Mark I containment. The unit is currently licensed for 3840 MWt. HCGS entered commercial service in December 1986. The HCGS Seismic Class I structures consist of the Primary Containment, Reactor Building, Plant Cancelled Area, Auxiliary Building (Control/Diesel Generator and Radwaste/Service Areas), and Service Water Intake Structure. 
 
As shown in Figure 1.1-2, the Reactor Building surrounds Primary Containment. The Auxiliary Building borders the Reactor Building to the north and east sides and the Plant Cancelled Area to the south and east sides. The Administration Facility and Turbine Building border the Auxiliary Building on the east side. The switchyard is located east of the Turbine Building. The HCGS natural draft cooling tower is located north-east of the Administration Facility. The
 
Service Water Intake Structure is located west of the Reactor Building, along the Delaware
 
River. 1.1.2 Spatial Data Sets
 
Different elevation data are referenced in this report. Mean sea level (MSL) at HCGS is equivalent to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD), which at 0 feet (ft.) is equal to the Public Service Electric and Gas Company datum (PSD) of +89 ft. To determine elevations in another datum, see Figure 1.1-9.
 
PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page 1-2 1.1.3 Elevation of Structures, Systems and Components
 
The approximate grade of Artificial Island is 9 ft. above mean sea level (MSL). The plant is in an area of backfill with an elevation of 12.5 ft. MSL (11.7 ft. NAVD or 101.5 ft. PSD). The Turbine and Auxiliary Building ground floor levels are at Elevation 13.0 ft. MSL (12.2 ft. NAVD or 102 ft.
PSD).
 
1.1.4 Topography
 
The PSEG Site is located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The Atlantic Coastal Plain consists of a wedge of unconsolidated sediment. The topography of this area is flat and low (Figure 1.1-3). Elevations rise very gently from the Delaware River, and throughout most of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Natural elevations in the vicinity of the PSEG Site are less than 10 ft. NAVD for 1 - 4 miles to the west and east, although there is significant variation. The highest elevations in the vicinity are manmade embankments less than 20 ft. high which intermittently line the banks of the river. 
 
The PSEG Site is generally flat with drainage flowing toward marshes and the Delaware River.
The area drainage system consists of ditches that collect and convey runoff to piping that discharges into the Delaware River. SGS and HCGS topography and flow directions are shown in Figures 1.1-4 and 1.1-5, respectively.
 
1.1.5 Delaware River Basin and Estuary System
 
The Delaware River Basin Watershed is shown in Figure 1.1-6 and covers 13,600 square miles (sq. mi.) and includes portions of Delaware (DE), Maryland (MD), New Jersey (NJ), New York (NY), and Pennsylvania (PA). The total drainage area upstream of the PSEG Site is 11,500 sq. mi. Subbasins and gage stations are shown in Figure 1.1-7. Reservoirs of the Delaware River
 
Basin are shown in Figure 1.1-8. The center of the PSEG Site is located at approximately river mile 51.
 
The Delaware River Basin crosses through five physiographic provinces. These are the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, New England, Valley and Ridge, and the Appalachian Plateaus. Topography varies from the relatively flat Coastal Plain, consisting of unconsolidated sediments, to the rolling lowlands and a series of broad uplands in the Piedmont. The New England and Valley and Ridge provinces consist of rock layers that have been deformed into a series of steep ridges and parallel folds. The Appalachian Plateaus occupy the upper one-third of the basin. Intricately dissected plateaus, broad ridges and rugged hills characterize this province. The Appalachian Highlands consist of consolidated rock aquifers of generally low capacity, with the
 
exception of certain valleys containing glacial outwashes from the pleistocene era. The importance of these formations is that most of the basin tends to drain quickly, with highly fluctuating discharges, into the estuary at Trenton, New Jersey.
The Delaware River Estuary extends from the fall line in Trenton, NJ, and Morrisville, PA, south to Cape May, NJ, and Cape Henlopen, DE, including all of Delaware Bay and the tidal reaches
 
of the Delaware River. 
 
The river area adjacent to the PSEG Site is in the Delaware River's Estuary Transition Zone. The river area adjacent to the property is a Transition Zone between the Delaware Bay (to the PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page 1-3 south) and the Delaware River (to the north). This Transition Zone extends from Marcus Hook, PA downriver to Artificial Island. The river channel is 2.5 miles wide at the PSEG Site. Five miles downstream of the PSEG Site, channel width increases to over 4 miles as the Delaware River enters Delaware Bay. Tidal flows dominate over fresh water discharges in the estuary portion of the system in which HCGS is located. There are no bluffs or topographic features which could cause significant bl ockage downstream of the PSEG Site. The tide in the Delaware Estuary is semi-diurnal in character. There are two high waters and two low waters in a tidal day, with comparatively little diurnal inequality. 
 
The Delaware River and the Delaware Bay are the main hydrologic features that affect the PSEG Site. Other hydrologic features include Alloway Creek, Hope Creek and the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. The Delaware River and the Delaware Bay are the overwhelming
 
hydrologic drivers, therefore other hydrologic features have minimal or no impact on the site and therefore are not discussed.
PSEG Nuclear LLC Hope Creek Generating Station Flood Hazard Reevaluation
 
SL-012271 Revision 0 Project No.: 12800-213 Page 1-4}}

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