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| {{#Wiki_filter:Ecological Studies Of The Susquehanna River In The Vicinity Of The Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Annual Report for 1978 Theodore V. Jacobsen, Project Director and Editor For Pennsylvania Power and Light Company ICHTHYOLOGICAL ASSOCIATES,INC. | | {{#Wiki_filter:}} |
| July 1979
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| M a is a fu aa /,j t, 79090703S5
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| ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER IN THE VICINITY OF THE SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION Annual Report for 1978 Theodore V. Jacobsen, M.S., Project D!. rector and Editor Ichthyological Associates, Inc.
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| R. D. 1, Berwick, Pennsylvania 18603 For Pennsylvania Power and Light Company Two North Ninth Street Allentown, Pennsylvania 18101 Ichthyological Associates, Inc.
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| Edward C. Raney, Ph.D. , President 301 Forest Drive, Ithaca, New York 14850 July 1979
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| CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION............ ................................................. I PHYSIC 0 CHEMICAL ANALYSES by Walter J. Soya and Theodore V. Jacobsen. . . . . . . 3 ALGAE by Andrew J. Gurzynski and William F. Gale.......................... 43 BENTHIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATES by Lynn Sabin, William G. Deutsch, and William F. Gale.................................................... 86 LARVAL FISHES by Harold W. Mohr, Jr., Gerard L. Buynak, and Theodore V.
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| Jacobsen........................................................... 120 FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak, Andrew J. Curzynski, Harold W. Mohr, Jr.,
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| and Theodore V. Jacobsen........................................... 158 FLORA AND VEGETATION by James D. Montgomery............................... 196 BIRDS by Robert M. Ruhe and James D. Montgomery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.......................................................... 284 PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT DURING 1978............................ 285 ABSTRACTS OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS BY THE STAFF OF THE SUSQUEUANNA SES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, 1978....................................... 287 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS BY THE STAFF OF THE SUSQUEHANNA SES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, 1974-78............................................... 291 TECHNICAL REPORTS BY ICHTHY 0 LOGICAL ASSOCIATES, INC. AT THE SUSQUEHANNA SES BIOLOGICAL LAEORATORY, 1972-78................................ 293 1
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| 870004
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| INTRODUCTION The Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Susquehanna SES) consists of two boiling water reactors, each with an electrical generating capacity of 1,050 megawatts. It is located on a 435-ha site in Salem Township, Luzerne County, 8 km northeast of Berwick, Pennsylvania. Commercial operation of Unit 1 is scheduled to begin in Feburary 1981 and Unit 2 in May 1982. Under terms of an agreement finalized in January 1978, 90%
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| of the Susquehanna SES is owned by the Pennsylvania Power - * ''ght Company (PP&L) and 10% by the Allegheny Electric Cooperative, Inc.
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| Ecological studies have been conducted near the Susquehanna SES by Ichthyological Associates, Inc. (IA) since 1971. The Susquehanna River, from which the Susquehanna SES will withdraw cooling water, has been investigated since the beginning of the studies, whereas terrestrial investigations of the site were initiated in 1972, discontinued in 1975, and reinstated in the spring of 1977. The overall objecti re of these studies has been to establish an ecological baseline of e cisting conditions in the river and on the site prior to operaticn of the f,usquehanna SES.
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| Data from studies prior to 1978 have been presented in annual progress reports from 1971 through 1977 (see page 293).
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| Throughout 1978, vari,us physicochemical characteristics of the river were analyzed, and its algal, macroinvertebrate, and fish populations were nonitored. Terrestrial investigations of the site dealt with studies of flora, vegetation, and birds. Descriptions of sampling procedures, detailed data tabulations, and interpretation of the results are present ed in this annual progress report for 1978.
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| 2 Most of the aquatic studies were conducted within 2 km of the intake structure and discharge diffus-r of the Susquehanna SES. The slope of the river bed in this stretch is 0.3 m/km and the average width ir about 300 m. Depth is relatively shallow in most areas (less than 2 m), but some pools may exceed 5 m even during low river flow. During periods of low flow, which normally occur in late summer and early autumn, abandoned eel walls help maintain pools, some of which are several kilometers long.
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| In times of high flow the river level commonly increases 3 m or more, and its flow characteristics resembles an open channel. Upriver from the site, the " Wyoming Region" of the northern anthracitc coal field lies beneath or adjacent to the river. Acid mine drainages from this area, which enter from abandened strip and shaf t mines, degrade the water quality at the site (Gale et al. 1976).
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| Terrestrial studies were done on either the site or on adjacent PP&L properties. Elevations of the site range from 150 r above mean sea level on the river flood plain to a maximum of 325 m near the northwest property line. About 40% of this land is flat and the remainder is hilly rather than mountainous. This area is located within the Ridge and Valley Section of the Appalachian Valley Province (Fenneman 1938) .
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| REFERENCES CITED Fenneman, N. M. 1938. Physiography of the eastern United States.
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| McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y.
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| Gale, W. F. , T. V. Jacobsen, and K. M. Smith. 1976. Iron, and its role in a river polluted by mine effluents. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci.
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| 50: 182-195.
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| 3 PHYSIC 0 CHEMICAL ANALYSES by Walter J. Soya and Theodore V. Jacobsen TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT............................................................. 6 INTRODUCTION......................................................... 6 PROCEDURES........................................................... 7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............................................... 9 RE FE REN CE S CI T ED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 LIST OF TABLES Table A-1. Physicochemical parameters and methods of analyses, 1978. 17 Table A-2. Daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperature (C) of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehataa SES Biological Lab o ra to ry , 19 7 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... .......... 18 Table A-3. Daily minimum, maximum and mean level (m above msl) of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES Biological Lab o ra t o ry , 19 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 370007
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| 4 Page Table A-4. Daily mean flow (m /s) of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory, 1978................ 24 Table A-5. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, January 19 78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Table A-6. Physicochemical . . . Feb r ua ry 19 7 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Table A-7. Physicochemical . . . March 1978........................... 27 Table A-8. Physicochemical . . . April 1978........................... 28 Table A-9. Physicochemical . . . May 1978............................. 29 Table A-10. Physicochemical . . . June 1978............................ 30 Table A-lls Physicochemical . . . July 1978............................ 31 Table A-12. Physicochemical . . . August 1978.......................... 32 Tab.'e A-13. Physicochemical . . . September 1978....................... 33 Table A-14 Physicochemical . . . October 1978......................... 34 Table A-15. Physicochemical . . . November 1978........................ 35 Table A-16. Physicochemical . . . December 1978........................ 36 T;ble A- 17 Mini .um, maximum, monthly weighted mean, and standard error for each physicochemical parameter measured at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978.......... 37 Table A-18 Diel physicochemical data collected at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978.................................... 38 Tab le A- 19. Physicochemicai data collected from the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory by the Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, Hazleton, Pennsyl-vania, 1978................................................ 39 370008
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| 5 LIST OF FIGURES Page Fig. A-1. Physicochemical, algae, and benthic macroinvertebrate sampling sites at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna Riv e r , 19 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0 Fig. A-2. Trends in monthly meaa values of flow, temperature, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity in the Susquehanna River near the Susquehanna SES from 1972 through 1978....... 41 Fig. A-3. Trends in monthly mean concentrations of dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, sulfate, total iron, and dissolved iron in the Susquehanna River near the Susquehanna SES from 1972 through 1978........................................... 42 370000
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| 6 ABSTRACT Physicochemical data were collected from the Susquehanna River near the Susquehanna SES site throughout IP78. Range in river temperature was 3
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| from -0.1 to 30.0 C; flow from 28 to 2,172 m /s; and level from 148.21 to 152.97 m above mean sea level. .sspite construction activities, data were similar upriver from the intake and downriver from the discharge.
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| Although acid mine drainages from sources upriver continae to pollute the river at the site, analyses of physicochemical data from 1973 through 1978 revealed significantly improved water quality. The magnitude of diel fluctuations in temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH varied seasonally.
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| INTRODUCTION This report presents physicochemical data collected from the Susquehanna River near the Susquehanna SES in 1978. The objective since 1971 has been to establish a baseline of water quality parameters for evaluation of possible effects on the rive': as a result of the operation of the Susquehanna SES. Records of similar physicochemical data are in annual reports from 1971 through 1977 (Ichthyological Associates 1972, 1973, 1974; Smith and Soya 1976, Jacobsen and Soya 1976, 1977; and Soya and Jacobsen 1978).
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| 7 PROCEDURES Physicochemical data were collected at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory and the SSES and Bell Bend sampling sites (Fig. A-1). The laboratory is on the river's west bank, 465 m upriver from the cent er of the Susquehanna SES intake structure. The SSES site is about 190 m upriver from the intake structure. The Bell Bend site is about 740 m downriver from the Susquehanna SES discharge diffuser. Both sites are about 40 m from the west bank.
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| River temperature, level, and flow were monitored at the 1; oor ' tory (Table A-1). Temperature and depth of the river were recorded contitmcusly on seven-day graphs. Sensors for both recorders were located on the river bottom within 30 m of the bank. Temperature (C) was read directly from the graph, whereas depth (f t) was converted to river level (m) above mean sea level (ms1). River level data were used to calculate flow (m /s) past the laboratory. Daily means of the temperature and level recordings were determined by averaging hourly values from 0100 through 2400 h.
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| Daily minimum and maximum values and their respective hours of occurrence were tabulated. When either a minimum or maximum value remained constant for several hours in a day , only the first hour of occurrence was noted.
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| Physicochemical data were collected at the SSES and Bell Bend sites twice per week from April through September, and once per week from January through March and from October through December. All samples were collected between 1200 and 1400 h. A grab sample and dissolved oxygen sample of surface water were taken while drifting over each site E/OOM.
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| 8 in a boat. Air and surface water temperatures, Secchi disc depth, and prevailing weather conditions were also determined at each site (Table A-1). "iver level and flow at colle efon time were also tabulated with the SSES data.
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| Samples we're immediately transported to the laboratory and analyzed (Table A-1) for dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, turbidity, sulfate, specific conductance, and residues (total, fixed total, nonfiltrable, and filtrable). Each laboratory analysis was performed at least twice and the mean was recorded. All calculations were maintained in bound notebooks. Aliquots of the grab sample were fixed for total and dissolved ir 1 analyses (Table A-1) which were determined by personnel at the Pennsylvania Power and Light (PP&L) Water Laboratory, Hazleton, Pennsylvania.
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| All analyses were conducted within the holding time interval recommended by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1974) .
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| Diel physicochemical data were collected at SSES once per month from April through September during periods of stable river levels. Air and water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were monitored at 3-hour intervals. Methods for collection and analysis were the same as previously described with the exception that replicate analyses were not performed for pH and dissolved oxygen.
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| The 1978 physic chemical data collected at SSES were compared to those obtained in previous years. Nonparametric statistics were used to determine if: 1) year to year changes had occurred in each parameter, and 2) a trend among years was present. Friedman's two-way analysis of
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| <;-4,, n < ry m) e UYM
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| * 9 variance test (S) was used in the first determination and Page's distribution-free test (L) for ordered alternatives in the second (Hollander and Wolfe 1973). The tests were based on monthly cean values; only complete sampling years (1973-78) were used.
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| Personnel from the PP&L Water Laboratory collected physicochemical data from the river once each month at the Susquehanna SES Biological Labor.. tory (Fig. A-1). Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured in the field; all other determinations were made at the PP&L Laboratory according to S tandard Meth ~fs (APHA 1975) _r Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes (EPA 1974) .
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| RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Throughout 1978, the river cemperature ranged frcm -0.1 C, recorded on 8 days from 3 January through 15 March, to 30.0 C on 23 July (Table A-2). The minimum daily mean temperature G.0 C was recorded on 12 iays from 4 January through 5 February and the maximum daily mean temperature, 28.2 C, occurred on 23 July. The daily mean temperature varied least in February (Standard Error = 0.03), and most in May (SE = 0.67). The minimum monthly mean temperature, 0.2 C, occurred in January and February and the maximum, 24.8 C, in August.
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| Daily water temperature ranges of 0.5 C or greater occurred in all months and in 98% of the days from April through September (Table A-2).
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| Fluctuations of 3.0 C or greater occurred in July, August, and September.
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| 370013
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| 10 The maximum daily fluctuation, 4.1 C, occurred on 23 August.
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| The river level ranged from 148.21 m above .aean sea level (msl) on 16 and ' September to 152.97 m above msl on 28 January and 23 March (Table A-3) . The minim m daily mean riv .: level (148.23 m above msl) occurred ou 16 and 17 Nytember and the maximum (152.87 m above msl) on 23 March. The daily mean river level varied least in July (SE = 0.016) and most in March (SE = 0.276) . The lowest monthly mean level (148.39 m above msl) occurred in July and the highest (150.58 m above ms1) in April.
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| River flow ranged from 28 m /s on 16 and 17 September to 3,172 m /s on 28 January and 23 March (calculated from minimum and maximum river levels). Daily mean flow was least (31 m /s) on 16 and 17 September and greatest (3,057 m /s) on 23 March (Table A-4). The daily mean flow varied least in July (SE = 3.1) and most in March (SE = 187.7). The monthly mean flow was lowest in July (60 m /s) and highest in March (1,036 m3 /s).
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| Physicochemical data from the SSES and Bell Bend sites (Tables A-5 through A-16) are summarized in Table A-17. Data collected upriver from the intake structure (SSES) and downriver from the discharge diffuser (Bell Bend) were similar throughout 1978. This is of particular interest because most of the river-related work sssociated with the construction of the Susquehanna SES intake structure and discharge diffuser was accomplished in 1978.
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| Statistical analyses of physicochemical data collected at SSES from 1973 through 1978 showed improved water quality of the river similar to 370014
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| 11 that observed from 1973 through 1976 (Jacobsen and Soya 1977) and from 1973 through 1977 (Soya and Jacobsen 1978). Using Friedman's test, significant differences were found among years for pH (S = 30.155, DF = 5, P<0.001), total alkalinity (S = 15.133, DF = 4, P<0.01), dissolved oxygen (S = 16.512, DF = 5, P<0.01), total iron (S = 19.381, DF = 5, P<0.01),
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| dissolved iron (S = 22.976, DF = 5, P<0.001), and turbidity (S = 17.595, DF = 5, P <0.01) . Page's test showed a significant increasing trend among years for pH (L = 1,027, P<0.001), total alkalinity (L = 599, P<0.001),
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| and dissolves oxygen (L = 962, P<0.01), and a significant decreasing trend for total iron (L = 991, P<0.001) and turbidity (L = 993, P<0.001) . A significant decrease was also found for sulfate (L = 936, P<0.05) even though no significance was found among years with Friedman's test.
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| No decresse could be detected in the concentrations of dissolved iron. Several of these trends can be seen in plots of monthly mean values for selected parameters from 1972 through 1978 (Figs. A-2 and A-3) .
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| River rater quality began to improve in 1972 with the termination of pumping mine water into the river at several locations upstream from the Susquehanna SES site (Jacobsen and Soya 1976). Mine pollution, however, has not ceased completely because some ef fluents continue to enter by gravity flow.
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| In each of the three intervals that physicochemical data were tested for trends (1973-76, 1973-77, and 1973-78), four parameters have consistently shown significantly improved water quality. Dissolved oxygen and pH have increased whereas total iron and turbidity b' .e decreased. In addition, 370015
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| 12 an increase in total alkalinity (sampling began in 1974) occurred in the 1974-77 and 1974-78 intervals. The trend was signiiicant in the first interval (P<0.05) and highly significant in the second (P<0.001) .
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| Trends in other parameters, such as sulfate, specific conductance, and dissolved iron, have not always been so conclusively supportive of improved water quality. However, when changes in these trends are considered with regard to seasonal fluctuations in river flow and temperature, the overall results also reflect better water quality.
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| Sulfate e:.nibited a significant decrease in the 1973-76 interval, no trend in 1973-77, and a second significant decrease in the 1973-78 interval. Variability in river flow during the las t year of each interval probably af fected the results, since sulfate concentrations are inversely related to flow (Figs. A-2 and A-3). From 1973 through 1978, the highest annual river flow occurred in 1976, followed by a lower than average flow in 1977 and the lowest flow in 1978 (Fig. A-2). In 1977 and 1978, sulfate ions should have been successively more concentrated. Therefore, even if the number of sulfate ions had decreased, it would not be evident because of an increase in sulfate concentrations due to decreased flow. This is probably what occurred in 1977 wh2n the trend was terminnted. in 1978, however, the trend reoccurred despite the low flow conditions.
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| Significant decreases found in specific conductance during the 1973-76 and 1973-77 intervals were not detected in the 1973-78 interval.
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| 13 Because specific conductance is also inversely related to river flow, discontinuance of the trend was probably caused by unseasonally low flows from September through December in 1978 (Fig. A-2). Specific conductance was unusually high during this period (Fig. A-2) as dissolved minerals remained concentrated in the river water. Consequently, the average specific conductance for 1978 (based on Friedman's ranked sums) was higher than in the previous three years, and the downward trend ended.
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| A significant decrease in dissolved iron occurred during the 1973-77 interval. It was initiated by a relatively low concentration of dissc eed iron in 1977, a year when mean rive: cemperature was the highest recorded since constant monitoring began in 1974. Gale et al. (1976) demonstrated that dissolved iron concentrations n river water decrease as temperature increases. In 1978, the river temperature moderated, dissolved iron increased, and no trend was found for the 1973-78 interval. It is likely that the decrease in dissolved iron will reoccur in future years, particularly if amounts of total iron continue to decrease.
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| Diel studies at SSES in April and May 1978, were characterized by relatively little change in temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH (Table A-18). Air temperature fluctuated more on the sampling date in April than in May, but, diel changes in water tempera ture were only 0.5 C on both dates. Overall, dissolved oxygen en-centrations increased from 2400 h through 1200 h then necreased. The range, hcwever, was less than 0.5 mg/l in each study. The pH values were nearly constant on both sampling dates.
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| 14 Diel fltctuations in temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were most pronounced during studies in June. July, and August (Table A-18). Minimum values for these parameters occurred between 2400 h and 0900 h and maximum values were recorded from 1500 h through 2100 h. The largest change in pH occurred in the June study when it increased from 7.4 at 0900 h to 8.1 at 1500 h. Maximum fluctuations in water temperature and dissolved oxygen were found in August. Water temperature rose from 23.0 C at 0600 h to 26.0 C at 1800 h and dissolved oxygen increased from 7.40 mg/l at 0600 h to 10.60 mg/l at 1500 h.
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| In the September diel study, fluctuations in most parameters moderated in comparison to data collected during the three previous studies (Table A-18). Water temperature fluctuated only 1.5 C despite a 12.0 C increase in air t;mperature. Dissolved oxygen changed less than 2 mg/l as it increased from 8.30 at 0600 h to 10.10 mg/l at 1800 h. The pH ranged from 7.5 to 7.7.
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| A total of 50 water quality parameters was analyzed each month from samples collected at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory by personnel from the PP&L Water Laboratory (Table A-19). The relatively high concen-trations of iron, sulfate, aluminum, manganese, and magnesium in the samples indicates that coal mine pollution persisted at the site. Total iron concentrations in 7 of the 12 samples exceeded the 1.5 mg/l limit established for the river by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (DER 1971) . Total maganese concentrations, however, did not surpass the DER limit of 1.0 mg/l in any month.
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| 15 Major cation and anion composition was similar to that found in 1977 (Soya and Jacobsen 1978). Calcium (i = 1.53 me/l) was the dominant cation in all sr,mples. The dominant anion in each sample was either bicarbonate (i = 1.J7 me/1) or sulfate (i = 1.11 me/1).
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| REFERENCES CITED American Chain and Cable Company, Bristol Division. 1971. Instruction manual for indicating and recording liquid-level bubbler-type Fsuges in series "500" case. ACCO, Bristol Division, Waterbury, Conn Loose-leaf publ. n.p.
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| American Public Health Association. 1975. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 14th ed. APHA, Washington, D.C. 874 pp.
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| Gale, W. F. , T. V. Jacobsen, and K. ::. Smith. 1976. Iron, and its role in a river polluted by mine effluents. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci.. 50:
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| 182-195.
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| Hewlett-Packard. 1972. HP-9830A STAT PAC. Vol. 1. Hewle t t-Packard ,
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| Loveland, Colo. 75 pp.
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| Hollander, M. and D. A. Wolfe. 1973. Nonparametric statistic .1 methods.
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| John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. 503 pp.
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| Ichthyological Associates. 1972. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1971). Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 232 pp.
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| , Inc. 1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna
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| __ River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972) . Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 658 pp.
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| . 1974. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1973) . Pa. Power and Light Co. , Allentown, Pa. 838 Pr 370019
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| 16 Jacobsen, T. V. and W. J. Soya. 1976. Physicochemical analyses. Pages 3-47 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1975). Ichthyological Associates, Inc.,
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| Berwick, Pa.
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| and . 1977. Physicochemical analyses. Pagee 3-35 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Simquehanna t.._r in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1976). Ichthyolcgical Associates, Inc. , Berwick, Pa.
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| Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. 1971. Water quality criteria, chapter 93. Rules and Regulations, title 25. Article II, water resources. DER, Harrisburg, Pa. C8 pp.
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| Smith, K. M. and W. J. Soya. 1976. Physicochemical analyses. Pages 3-41 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress repcrt for the period January-December 1974).
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| Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
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| Soya, W. J. and T. V. Jacobsen. 1978. Physicochemical analyses. Pages 3-34 in T. V. Jacebsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1977). Ichthyological Associates, inc. Be rwick, Pa.
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| U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1974. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio. 312 pp.
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| Welch, P. S. 1948. Limnological methods. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
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| New York, N.Y. 318 pp.
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| S"/0020
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| 17 Table A-1. Physicochemical parameters and methods of analyses, 1978.
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| Parameter Method Reference River level (depth) Seven-day continuous recordings f rom an ACCO ACCO (1971)
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| Bristol, Model No. G500-15 bubbler-type water level gauge River flow River flow = 215.8 + 322.3 (river level -149) HP (1972)
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| + 106.4 (river level -149)2 River temperature Seven-day continuous recordings f rom a APRA (1975) calibrated, Leeds and Northrup Speedomax Thermistcr-type, Model R tempe sture recorder Calibrated, mercury thermometer APRA (1975)
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| Air temperature Calibrated, mercury thermometer APHA (1975)
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| Dissolved orygen Azide modification of Winkler, APRA (1975) proprietory reagents (Jan-Jun)
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| Azide modification of Winkler (Jul-Dec) APRA (1975) pH Glass electrode APRA (1975)
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| Total alkalinity Potectiometric titration APHA (1975)
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| Specific conductance Self-contaired conductivity meter APRA (1975)
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| Sulfate Turbidime tric APHA (1975)
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| Total iron Atomic absorption spectrophotometric APRA (1975) determination of extractable iron Dissolved iron Atomic absorption of spectrophotometric APHA (1975) determination of dissolved iron Total residue Evaporation at 105 C APRA (1975)
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| Fixed total residue Ignition of total residue t 550 C APRA (1975)
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| Nonfiltrable residue Residue retained on a glass fiber filter, APRA (1975) dried at 105 C Filtrable residue Evaporation of a filtered aliquot, APHA (1975) dried at 180 C Turbidity Nephelometric APRA (1975)
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| Secchi disc depth Limit of visibility [h]/()()l/jj, Welch (1948)
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| 18 Table A-2. Daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperature (C) of the Susquehanna River at the ?"aquehanna SES Biological Laboratory, 1978.
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| DATE MINIMUM (TIME) MAXI MUM (TIME) MEAN D AT E MINIMUM '.1ME) MAXIMUM (TIME) MEAN JAN FEB 1 0.1 0100 0.3 1200 0.2 1 -0.1 0100 0.2 1300 0.0 2 0.0 1800 0.3 0200 0.2 2 0.0 0100 0.2 1300 0.1 3 -0.1 1800 0.1 0100 0.1 3 0.0 0100 0.2 1300 0.1 4 -0.1 1700 0.1 0100 0.0 4 0.0 0100 0.2 1300 0.1 5 -0.1 0500 0.2 2300 6.1 5 0.0 0100 0.0 0100 0.0 6 0.1 0100 0.2 1300 0.1 6 0.0 0100 0.2 0900 0.1 7 0.1 0900 0.8 1800 0.5 7 0.0 0100 0.3 1500 ^1 8 0.8 0100 2.0 2300 1.2 2 S' 0100 0.5 1300 0.2 9 0.9 2300 2.7 1300 2.0 0100 10 9 0.6 0.3 1300 0.1 0.0 1600 0.8 0100 0.1 10 -0.1 2400 0.2 1300 0.1 11 0.0 0500 0.1 0100 0.0 11 -0.1 0100 0.2 1200 0.1 12 0.0 0100 0.1 2300 0.0 12 0.0 0100 0.3 1300 0.1 13 0.0 1600 0.1 0100 0.1 13 0.0 0100 0.3 1200 0.2 14 0.1 0100 0.? 1300 0.1 14 0.0 0300 0.5 1500 0.2 15 0.0 1700 0.2 1100 0.1 15 0.0 0100 0.5 1400 0.2 16 0.0 0100 0.1 2300 0.0 16 0.0 0200 0.7 1400 0.4 17 0.0 0500 0.1 0100 0.1 17 0.2 0800 0.6 1800 0.3 18 0.1 0100 0.1 0100 0.1 18 -0.1 0600 0.3 1700 01 19 0.0 2100 0.1 0100 0.1 19 0.0 0600 0.6 1500 0.2 20 0.0 1600 0.1 0100 0.1 20 0.0 0400 0.5 1600 9.3 21 0.1 0100 0.2 1400 0.1 21 0. 0 0500 0.4 16C0 0.2 22 0.0 0100 0.1 1200 0.1 22 0.0 0200 0.6 1300 0.-
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| 23 0.0 0100 0.1 0900 0.0 23 0.0 0400 0.8 13J 0 0..
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| 24 0.0 0100 0.2 1400 0.1 24 0.1 0400 0.8 1400 0.4 25 0.0 0100 0.1 0600 0.1 25 0.2 0800 0.9 1600 0.5 26 0.0 1700 0.3 0500 0.1 26 0.4 0800 1.1 140'. 0.7 27 0.0 0100 0.1 0800 0.0 27 0.3 0700 0.9 1300 0.6 28 0.0 0100 0.0 0100 0.0 28 0.2 0600 0.9 1300 0.5 29 0.0 0100 0.0 0100 00 30 0.0 0100 0.1 0700 *
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| .9 31 0.0 0100 0.0 0100 0.0 MEAN 0.2 MEAN 0.2 SE 0.07 SE 0.03 MAR APR 1 0.2 2200 1.0 1200 0.6 1 4.1 0600 5.7 2100 4.8 2 0.1 0200 1.1 1300 0.5 2 5.1 0700 5.9 1800 5.5 3 0.0 1800 0.7 0800 0.3 3 4.1 2400 5.7 0100 4.8 4 0.0 0100 1.0 1600 0.4 4 3.3 0900 4.1 0100 3.6 5 0.1 0100 1.1 1500 0.4 5 3.7 0100 4.3 1400 4.1 6 0.0 0700 1.2 1400 0.5 6 3.9 0700 4.9 1900 4.4 7 0.0 0700 1.8 1400 0.8 7 3 0500 5.3 2300 5.0 8 0.3 2400 1.1 1200 0.G 8 s.1 0500 6.' 1600 5.6 9 0.3 0100 1.1 1300 0.8 9 5.2 0600 5.9 1500 5.6 10 0.8 0500 1.4 1400 1.0 11 0700 10 5.1 0600 5.8 1800 5.5 0.6 1.8 1400 1.1 11 5.6 0600 6.5 2400 6.0 12 1.1 0100 1.8 1200 1.4 12 6.4 0500 7.8 2200 7.1 13 1.1 0100 2.2 1300 1.6 13 7.8 0600 8.5 19G; 8.1 14 1.1 2100 1.9 0700 1.6 14 8.1 0600 8.6 2tch 8.3 15 -0.1 1900 1.1 0100 15 7.8 16 0.7 2400 8.6 0100 8.1 0.1 0100 0.6 1600 0.2 16 7.2 0800 7.8 0100 7.3 17 0.1 0100 0.7 1500 0.4 18 17 6.9 0600 7.2 1400 7.0 0.3 0700 1.1 1600 0.7 18 6.7 0700 7.8 1400 7.3 19 0.9 0100 2.1 2100 1.5 19 7. 3 2000 7.8 0100 7.4 20 1.9 0600 2.9 1500 2. 5 20 7.2 0500 7.7 2205 7.4 21 2.8 0500 3.9 1800 3.3 21 7.2 1200 7.7 0100 7.3 22 2.4 2400 3.8 0100 3.3 22 7.0 0800 8.0 1600 7.6 23 1.9 0700 2.3 0100 2.0 23 7.1 0700 8.2 1700 7.8 24 2.3 0100 3.2 1600 2. 9 24 8.1 0600 8.8 2100 8.4 25 2.2 2400 3.0 0100 2.7 25 8.7 u600 10.2 240C 9.5 26 1.9 0800 2.2 0100 2.0 26 10.1 0500 10.8 2400 10.4 27 1.8 0400 2.2 2200 2.0 27 10.8 0100 11.3 1500 11.0 28 2.2 0100 2.9 1600 2.6 28 10.9 0200 12.3 1600 11.6 29 2.9 0100 3.7 1700 3.3 29 0500 30 11.7 13.0 1400 12.4 3.2 0400 3.9 1500 3.6 30 12.1 04 0^ 13.2 1700 12.7 31 3.2 0500 4.2 2100 3.7 MEAN 1.6 MEAN 7,4 SE 0.20 SE 0.44
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| ( w y % n ap J P J U,% A*
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| | |
| 19 Table A-2 (cont.)
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| DATE MINIMUM (TIM 1) M AXIMUM (TIME) MEAN D AT E MINIMUM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME) MEAN MAY JUN 1 11.7 2400 12.6 1300 12.1 1 23.0 0400 24.4 1500 23.6 2 11.3 0600 12.3 1400 11.8 2 22.5 0500 24.1 1500 23.4 3 12.2 0400 12.8 1400 11.9 3 21.9 2400 23.5 0100 22.8 4 11.2 0400 12.0 1400 11.6 4 20. 5 0800 21.7 0100 21.0 5 10.3 2400 11.4 0100 11.0 5 19.9 0700 21.2 1600 20.4 6 10.1 0400 10.4 1600 10.2 6 19.1 0600 20.8 1600 19.9 7 10.0 0700 10.6 2200 10.3 7 19.1 0600 19.8 0100 19.3 8 10.1 0500 10.5 1500 10.4 8 19.0 0500 19.9 1600 19.4 9 10.2 0100 11.5 2000 10.9 9 19.2 0600 20.1 1500 19.7 10 11.3 0500 11.9 1200 11.7 10 18.8 0700 20.2 1700 19.6 11 11.1 0500 12.9 1600 12.1 11 19.2 0500 20.8 1600 20.1 12 13.0 0100 13.9 1700 13.4 12 20.2 0500 21.9 1400 21.2 13.8 0100 13.9 0400 13.9 13 20. *, 2400 21.6 0100 21.2 to 13.2 2400 13.9 0100 13.7 14 A6.9 2400 20.0 1400 19.5 1% 12.0 1600 13.2 0100 12.6 15 18.2 0400 19.7 1600 18.9 16 11.9 2200 12.4 1400 12.1 le 18.0 0500 19.4 1600 1^.8 17 11.2 2200 11.9 0100 11.5 17 18.1 2400 18.9 0100 18.8 18 11.2 0100 12.0 2000 11.5 18 17.9 0500 19.9 1600 18.9 19 11.8 0400 13.5 2400 12.5 19 19.6 0400 21.9 1600 20.8 20 13.5 0100 15.5 2400 14.4 20 20.7 0500 22.7 1500 21.7 21 15.5 0100 16.7 2009 16.0 21 21.9 0300 23.0 1500 22.4 22 15.8 0600 16.8 2300 i ,. 3 22 22.1 0400 23.5 1500 22.7 23 16.3 0800 16.9 0100 16.7 23 22.0 0900 23.6 1500 22.8 24 15.9 2400 16.8 0100 16.3 24 22.0 0500 23.6 1700 22.7 25 15.8 0600 16.9 1600 16.4 25 22.1 0600 23.9 1600 23.1 26 16.4 0400 18.1 1600 17.3 26 22.3 2300 23.1 0100 22.6 27 17.9 0100 19.3 1700 18.6 27 22.0 0600 23.6 1500 22.7 28 19.2 0100 21.1 1700 20.2 28 22.9 0600 24.9 1400 24.0 29 20.8 0100 22.2 1600 21.6 29 23.5 0500 25.5 1400 24.4 30 21.3 0700 23.1 1500 22.6 30 23.5 0600 25.1 1400 24.2 31 22.4 0400 24.0 1500 23.3 MEAN 14.3 MEAN 21.4 SE 0.67 SE 0.33 JUL AUG 1 22.6 0700 24.6 1500 23.5 1 21.8 0600 23.5 1800 22.5 2 21.9 0700 23.3 1600 22.6 2 21.9 0600 24.9 1600 23.1 3 20.3 2400 22.1 0100 21.4 3 22.6 0600 25.1 1600 23.7 4 19.2 2400 20.1 0100 19.8 4 23.7 0600 25.5 1500 24.3 5 18.7 0600 21.4 1600 19.9 5 '3.5 0600 24.0 1300 23.8 6 19.7 0700 22.4 1500 21.1 6 23.7 0600 25.2 1600 24.4 7 21.1 0600 23.6 1400 22.4 7 24.2 0600 25.2 1400 24.8 8 22.3 2400 24.9 1400 23.1 8 23.4 2400 24.6 1300 24.1 9 22.1 0500 24.3 1200 23.2 9 23.1 0600 23.. 1800 23.6 10 23.u 0400 27.0 1500 25.1 10 23.6 0600 24.1 1600 23.8 11 23.9 2400 26.1 1400 25.1 11 23.2 0600 24.0 1500 23.7 12 22.7 0700 26.1 1600 24.2 12 23.2 0800 24.7 1500 23.9 13 22.8 0700 25.9 1500 24.3 13 23.7 0800 25.1 1600 24.3 14 23.2 0700 24.9 1400 23.9 14 24.0 0600 25.9 1700 25.0 15 23.3 0800 26.9 1600 24.8 15 24.8 0600 26.6 1500 25.7 16 23.7 0700 25.7 1700 24.5 16 25.8 0600 27.3 1500 26.6 17 23.5 0700 25.3 .300 24.3 17 26.1 0600 28.2 1500 27.1 18 23.5 0600 26.5 1500 24.8 18 26.0 0700 28.2 1500 27.0 19 23.8 0600 26.9 1600 24.8 19 25.7 0700 28 .2 1600 26.8 20 24.9 0600 27.8 1500 26.1 20 25.0 2400 26.8 0100 26.1 21 25.4 0600 28.4 1600 26.8 21 23.9 0700 27.1 1500 25.2 22 26.2 0700 29.5 1700 27.6 22 23.2 0700 26.9 1500 24.9 23 26.9 0700 30.0 1700 28.2 23 23.0 0600 27.1 1700 25.0 24 26.8 0700 29.1 1500 27.7 24 23.6 0700 27.1 1700 25.3 25 25.0 2400 26.4 0100 25.8 25 24.5 2400 26.2 1600 25.2 26 24.2 0700 26.9 1600 25.5 26 23.9 0600 27.2 1600 25.2 27 24.5 0700 27.2 1700 25.8 27 23.2 0700 26.0 1400 24.6 28 24.2 0800 26.7 1700 25.3 28 23.8 0700 25.1 1600 24.5 29 23.1 0800 25.4 1700 24.2 29 23.8 0700 26.8 1700 25.2 30 23.1 0800 25.3 1700 24.0 30 24.1 0000 25.3 1800 24.6 31 22.0 2400 23.0 0100 22.2 31 22.9 2400 24.3 0100 23.5 MEAN 24.3 MEAN 24.8 SE 0.37 SE 0.20 S'/0023
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| 20 table A-2 (cont.)
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| L MINIMLM (TIML) MAXIMUM (TIME) MEAh DATE MINIMCM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME) MLAN SLP OCT 1 22.5 0800 24.9 1500 23.5 1 16.1 0600 17.3 1600 16.6 2 22.2 0700 24.8 1500 23.2 2 15.4 2400 16.5 1700 16.0 3 22.4 0700 24.0 1300 23.1 3 14.5 0900 l '.4 1500 15.8 4 22.1 0700 24.0 1500 22.7 4 15.1 0600
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| * 1 .2 1600 15.6 5 21.1 0800 24.6 1700 22.7 5 15.0 0700 14.8 1500 15.6 6 21.8 0700 25.1 1700 23.3 6 -- -- -- -- -
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| 7 22.6 0700 24.8 1700 23.6 7 -- -- -- -- --
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| 8 21.0 2400 22.8 0100 21.7 8 -- -- -- -- --
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| 9 20.3 0700 22.9 1600 21.1 9 -- -- -- -- --
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| 10 19.3 0800 21.9 1400 20.5 10 -- -- -- -- --
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| 11 19.9 0800 21.8 1600 20.0 11 12.2 0400 14.8 1200 13.4 12 20 . 3 0800 22.0 1400 21.1 12 13.2 0200 15.2 1200 14.2 13 19.1 0900 21.7 1600 20.2 13 14.1 0500 15.7 1600 14.8 14 18.9 0600 21.0 1400 19.7 14 13.9 2403 14.9 0100 14.5 15 18.7 0500 20.4 1700 19.4 15 12.9 2400 14.0 130 0 13.4 16 18.8 0700 21.1 1700 19.5 16 12.1 0800 12.9 r,10 0 12.4 17 18.3 0700 20.8 1700 19.6 17 11.4 2400 12.2 1400 11.8 18 19.8 0900 21.8 1800 20.5 18 10.8 2300 11.3 L100 11.0 19 19.2 2300 20.1 0100 19.7 19 10.7 0600 11.0 1300 10.8 20 19.0 0700 19.9 1700 19.3 20 10.6 2400 11.0 1300 10.8 21 18.8 0500 20.3 1600 lt.5 21 10.1 0700 11.2 1400 10.6 22 19.2 2400 19.9 1400 19.8 22 10.2 0800 11.8 1400 11.0 23 19.0 0600 19.8 1400 19.3 23 11.0 0600 12.0 1400 11.5 24 18.5 0800 19.2 1400 19.9 24 10.8 0700 11.9 1300 11.1 25 18.1 0900 19.2 1400 18.7 25 10.0 0800 11.3 1400 10.6 26 17.4 0700 19.2 1400 18.3 26 .0.6 0400 11.2 1800 11.0 27 17.0 0800 18.2 1500 17.6 27 10.9 0800 11.5 1500 11.2 28 16.5 2400 18.2 1500 17.1 28 10.7 0800 11.4 1300 11 J 29 16.0 0700 18.0 1500 16.6 29 10.2 0800 19-9 1300 10.5 30 15.5 0800 17.9 1500 16.4 30 9.8 2400 10.2 1300 10.0 31 9.5 0700 10.0 1390 9.8 MEAN 20.2 MEAN 12.5 SE 0.37 SE 0.43 Nov DEC 1 9.2 0700 10.0 1300 9.6 1 2.3 0600 3.1 1200 2.7 2 9.0 0.00 9.8 1300 9.3 2 2.3 0700 3.0 1400 2.7 3 8.7 0700 9.6 1300 9.1 3 2. 3 0800 2.7 2400 2.4 4 8.9 0700 9.6 1400 9.2 4 2.7 0100 3.2 1500 3.0 5 8.9 0800 9.8 1300 9.2 5 3.2 0100 4.1 1300 3.6 6 8.9 0600 9.9 1300 9.4 6 3. 3 0600 4.1 1300 3.7 7 9.2 0600 9.7 1300 9.4 7 3.6 0700 3.9 1300 3.8 8 9.2 0600 9.8 1400 9.3 8 3.7 0200 4.0 2400 3.8 9 8.5 0700 9.3 1300 8.8 9 4.0 0100 4.1 1200 4.1 10 8.3 0700 9.7 1200 8.8 10 2.6 2400 4.0 0100 3.3 11 8.4 0500 9.4 1400 8.9 11 1.5 2000 2.6 0100 1.9 12 8.8 0800 9.2 1400 8.9 12 1.3 0800 1.6 1400 1.5 13 8.2 1900 8.8 0100 8.4 13 1.3 0600 1.7 1200 1.6 14 8.2 0100 9.0 1400 8.6 14 1.2 2400 1.8 1200 1.6 15 8.2 0700 9.2 1500 8.7 15 1.1 0600 1.4 1400 1.3 16 8.2 2400 9.3 1300 8.8 16 1.1 0700 1.6 1300 1.3 17 7.9 0500 8.8 2300 8.1 17 1.3 2300 1.8 1300 1.6 18 8.5 2400 9.0 0300 8.8 18 1.0 0700 1.3 1500 1.2 19 8.2 2400 9.0 1400 8.6 19 0.3 2000 1.0 0100 0.6 20 7.6 2400 8.6 1300 8.0 20 0.1 1100 0.3 0100 0.2 21 6.6 2400 7.5 0100 7.0 21 0.1 0100 0.6 1900 0.1 22 5.8 2300 6.5 0100 6.1 27 0.1 0800 0.3 1400 0.2 23 5.4 1000 5.8 0100 5.5 , 0.1 0100 0.2 1200 0.1 24 5.5 0700 5.9 1300 5.7 44 0.1 0100 0.2 1400 0.2 25 4.8 2400 5.7 0100 5. 3 25 0.1 2100 0.2 0100 0.2 26 3.9 2400 4.8 0100 4.3 26 0.1 0100 0.2 1300 0.1 27 2.9 2400 3.9 0100 3. 3 27 0.0 0100 0.2 1300 0.1 28 2.3 2400 2.9 0100 2.8 28 0.0 0100 0.2 1200 0.1 29 2.1 0600 2.7 1300 2.3 29 0.0 0800 0.1 0100 0.1 30 2.2 0100 3.0 1300 2.7 30 0.0 0100 0.1 1100 0.1 31 0.1 0100 0.2 1200 0.2 MEAN 7.4 MEAN 1.5 SE 0.42 SE 0.25 n~
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| U/O'.O.<47
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| 21 Table A-3. Daily minimum, maximum, and mean level (a abt.ve msl) of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory, 1978.
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| MEAN 'J ATE MINIMUM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME) MEAN DATE MIN IMUM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME)
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| F Ei; JAN 150.53 0100 149.65 1700 149.63 1 130.44 1800 150.65 0100 1 149.62 1400 150.44 0100 150.33 2 149.62 0100 149.62 0100 149.62 2 1 50.26 149.65 1000 149.62 3 150.01 2100 150.26 0100 150.12 3 149.59 1500 150.01 0100 149.92 4 149.34 2000 149.59 0100 149.48 4 149.80 1800 0500 149.33 5 149.65 1800 149.86 0600 149.76 5 149.19 2000 149.43 149.68 0800 149.63 6 149.25 0100 149.37 2100 149.29 6 149.59 2200 149.34 0100 149.31 7 149.25 1000 149.57 0100 149.35 7 149.28 0700 0700 149.27 8 149.31 0100 149.40 2200 149.33 8 14 9.16 2200 149.:(
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| 0100 152.51 2400 150.82 9 149.16 0100 149.47 2400 149.26 9 149.43 0900 149.46 10 152.57 0100 152.94 1800 152.80 10 149.40 0100 149.53 152.79 0100 152.20 11 149.37 4300 149.53 0900 149.45 11 151.72 2400 0900 149.43 12 151.02 24C0 151.69 0100 151.37 12 149.37 0100 14 9.50 13 150.68 2400 150.99 0100 150.82 13 149.40 1800 149.46 0700 149.42 14 150.50 1900 150.68 0100 150.56 14 149.37 1600 149.43 0600 149.40 15 150.32 1700 150.50 0100 150.41 15 149.28 1900 149.40 0100 149.35 16 150.01 2300 150.32 0100 150.16 16 14 9.13 2100 149.31 0900 149.24 17 149.89 1900 150.01 0100 149.94 17 149.13 0100 149.19 0900 149.17 18 149.80 1400 149.89 0100 149.85 18 14 9. 16 0100 149.19 0700 149.18 19 149.56 2200 149.80 0100 149.68 19 149.13 2000 149.22 1000 149.18 20 149.34 2300 149.56 0100 149.49 20 149.04 2400 149.19 1300 149.13 21 149.34 0100 149.86 0500 149.61 21 149.04 0100 149.10 0900 149.07 22 14 9.34 2100 149.53 0100 149.45 22 148.98 2200 149.04 1200 149.02 23 149.34 0100 149.50 0900 149.44 23 148.98 0100 149.07 1000 149.01 24 149.40 2000 149.56 0800 149.47 24 148.95 0100 148.98 1400 148.96 25 149.40 0100 149.53 2400 149.44 25 148.95 0100 149.04 1100 149.01 26 149.53 0100 151.42 2400 150.27 26 149.01 0100 149.04 0800 149.03 27 151.42 0100 152.94 2400 152.44 27 149.01 2100 149.04 0100 149.04 28 152.36 2400 152.97 0300 152.72 28 148.95 2100 149.01 0100 149.00 29 151.57 2400 152.33 0100 151.92 30 151.02 2300 151.54 0100 151.26 31 150.65 2100 151.02 0100 150.82 MEAh 150.34 MEAN 149.38 SE 0.198 SE 0.078 MAk APR J 148.92 2400 148.)8 1100 148.96 1 151.38 2000 151.54 0100 151.45 2 148.92 0100 148.95 0800 148.94 2 151.42 0100 152.12 24 151.66 3 148.85 2400 148.95 0800 148.92 3 152.06 2400 152.36 110L 152.26 0900 148.85 4 151.54 2400 152.02 0100 151.79 4 148.82 2400 148.89 0100 151.45 5 148.79 2200 148.85 0700 148.83 5 151.42 0900 151.51 6 148.73 0400 148.85 2000 148.78 6 151.60 0100 151.90 1700 151.80 7 148.79 0300 148.89 1700 148.82 7 151.60 1800 151.81 0100 151.67 8 148.82 0300 148 .95 1500 148.89 8 151.63 0100 151.75 1600 151.69 9 148.85 0300 148.92 1600 148.88 9 151.45 2400 151.72 0100 151.60 10 148.85 0100 148.89 0800 148.87 10 151.02 2400 151.45 0100 151.24 11 148.85 0100 148.85 0100 148.85 11 150.71 2400 151.02 0100 150.87 12 148.85 0100 148.89 0500 148.88 12 150.65 1200 150.71 0100 150.67 13 148.92 0100 148.98 2400 148.94 13 150.68 0100 150.81 1700 150.74 149.13 2400 149.02 14 150.65 2400 150.78 0100 150.;2 14 148.95 1600 15 149.16 0100 150.56 2400 149.77 15 150.47 2400 150.65 0100 150.54 16 150.62 0100 151.29 l'00 151.06 16 150.29 2400 150.47 0100 150.39 17 1"O.84 2400 151.26 010u 151.07 17 1 50.10 2100 150.29 0100 150.21 18 150.41 2300 150.81 0100 150.59 18 149.95 2300 150.10 0100 150.03 19 150.17 2100 150. 3 0100 150.26 19 149.80 2300 149.52 0100 149.86 20 150.17 0100 150.32 2100 150.23 20 149.77 0600 14 9. 80 0100 149.78 21 1 50 .32 0100 150.68 2400 150.45 21 149.77 0100 149.92 2400 149.82 22 1 50. 71 0100 152.57 2400 151.73 22 149.95 0100 150.29 1500 150.18 23 152.60 0100 152.97 1400 152.87 23 150.07 2400 150.26 0100 150.l?
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| 24 152.73 2400 152.88 0100 152.83 24 149.86 2300 150.07 0100 149.9' 25 151.99 7400 152.73 0100 152.45 25 149.71 2000 149.86 0100 149.7.
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| 26 151.54 1600 151.96 0100 151.68 26 14 9. 56 2400 149.68 0100 149.63 27 151.60 0100 152.18 2400 151.84 27 149.46 2200 149.56 0100 149.51 28 152.21 0100 152.85 1700 152.67 28 149.34 2200 149.46 0100 149.40 29 152.48 2400 152.82 0100 152.67 29 149.28 1700 149.34 0100 149.30 30 1 52.06 2400 152.48 0100 152.33 30 149.19 1400 149.28 0100 149.24 31 151.54 2400 152.06 0100 151.79 MEAN 150.35 MEAN 150.58 SE 0. 2 76 SE 0.162 e
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| 22 Table A-3 (cont.)
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| DATE MINIMUM (TIME) MA11 MUM (TI ML) MEAN D AT E MINIMUM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME) MEAN hhY JUN 1 149.16 1700 149.19 0100 149.18 1 148.85 2300 148.92 0100 148.90 149.10 148.76 0100
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| ~
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| 2 1400 149.16 0100 149.12 2 2300 .'k.85 148.81 3 149.04 2000 149.10 0100 149.06 3 148.76 0100 s.82 0900 148.81 4 148.98 1200 149.04 0100 148.99 4 148.82 0100 1- 92 1200 148.88 5 148.98 0100 149.01 2400 148.98 5 148.89 0100 14t.89 0100 148.89 6 149.01 0100 149.16 2300 149.09 6 148.85 1000 148.89 0100 148.86 7 149.16 0100 149.34 2400 149.24 7 148.82 1000 148.85 0100 148.83 8 149.37 0100 149.37 0100 149.37 8 148.79 0100 148.89 2400 148.81 9 149.34 0100 149.37 0400 149.35 9 148.92 0100 149.16 1600 149.10 10 149.40 0100 149.53 2300 149.45 10 149.13 0400 149.19 2100 149.15 11 149.53 0100 149.62 1400 149.58 11 149.16 0700 149.19 0103 149.17 12 149.46 2400 149.59 0100 149.53 12 149.10 2000 149.19 0100 149.14 13 149.31 2200 149.43 0100 149.38 13 149.10 0100 149.10 0100 149.10 14 149.28 0300 149.56 2400 149.35 14 149.07 2200 149.10 0100 149.09 15 149.62 0100 150. 53 2400 150.21 15 149.01 0700 149.07 0100 149.02 16 150.59 0100 151.02 1100 150.86 16 148.98 1700 149.04 0100 149.00 17 150.65 0200 150.30 2100 150.77 17 148.85 2200 148.95 0100 148.91 18 150.90 0100 151.05 1800 150.95 18 148 .7i 1700 148.85 0100 148.81 19 150.44 2400 150.96 0100 150.68 19 148.76 0500 148.79 0100 148.76 20 150.10 2400 150.38 0100 150.25 20 148.76 0100 148.79 2200 148.76 21 149.89 2400 150.10 0100 149.98 21 148.79 0100 148.82 2300 148.79 22 149.74 2100 149.86 0100 149.81 22 148.82 0100 148.85 0700 148.84 23 149.59 2400 149.74 0100 149.68 23 148.82 0100 148.85 1100 148.84 24 149.53 1800 149.59 0100 149.55 24 148.76 1500 148.85 0100 148.79 25 149.53 0100 149.59 1700 149.55 25 148.73 0800 148.76 0100 148.74 26 149.43 2100 149.56 0100 149.48 26 148.73 0100 148.73 0100 148.73 27 149.25 2300 149.43 0100 149.32 27 148.67 1500 148.70 0100 148.69 28 149.13 2000 149.22 0100 149.18 28 148.61 1600 148.67 0100 148.64 29 149.07 1600 149.13 0100 149.09 29 148.58 0700 148.61 0100 188.59 30 149.01 2000 149.07 0100 149.02 30 148.52 1500 148.58 0100 148.54 31 148.92 1600 148.98 0100 148.95 MEAN 149.58 MEAN 148.87 SE 0.105 SE 0.030 JUL AUG 1 148.46 1500 148.52 0100 148.48 1 148.31 0100 148.40 2100 148.35 2 148.46 0100 148.46 0100 148.46 2 148.40 0100 148.40 0100 148.40 3 148.46 010G 148.49 1800 148.46 3 148.40 010n 148.40 0100 148.40 4 148.49 0100 148.49 '100 148.49 4 148.40 0100 148.40 0100 148.40 5 148.49 0100 148.55 2400 148.50 5 148.40 0100 148.61 2200 148.47 6 148.55 01r0 148.58 0400 148. 56 6 148.58 0800 148.61 0100 148.59 7 148.55 0100 148.58 0700 143.57 7 148.58 0100 149.71 2400 148.80 8 148.46 2400 148.55 0100 148.52 8 149.62 2400 149.83 0100 149.75 9 148.43 1500 148.46 0100 148.45 9 149.46 2300 149.62 0100 149.54 10 148.43 0100 148.43 0100 148.43 10 149.10 2300 149.43 0100 149.2';
| |
| 11 148.40 2300 148.43 0100 148.43 11 148.95 1800 14 9.10 0100 149.00 12 148.40 C100 148.40 0100 148.40 12 148.92 1300 148.95 0100 148.93 13 148.37 1800 148.40 0100 148.38 13 148.82 2000 148.92 010C 148.87 14 148.34 0600 148.37 0100 148.34 14 148.79 0100 148.98 22'O 148.85 15 148.31 2000 148.34 0100 148.33 15 148.79 2400 148.95 0400 148.87 16 148.31 0100 148.31 0100 148.31 16 148.64 2200 148.76 0100 148.70 17 148.31 0100 148.37 2100 143.32 17 148.55 1600 148.61 0100 148.58 18 148.37 0100 148.46 2300 148.41 18 148.46 2200 148.55 0100 148.50 19 148.43 0900 148.46 0100 348.44 19 148.43 1300 148.46 0100 148.44 20 148.40 0100 148.43 1400 148.41 20 148.40 0800 148.43 0100 148.41 21 148.37 2400 148.43 0100 148.41 21 14G . 4 0 0100 148.40 0100 148.40 22 148.34 1800 148.37 0100 148.36 22 148.37 0900 148.40 0100 148.38 23 148.34 0100 148.34 0100 148.34 23 148.34 20pi '48.37 0100 148.36 24 148.34 0100 148.37 0400 148.36 24 148.31 swas .48.34 0100 148.31 25 148.34 0700 148.37 0100 148.35 25 148.28 0900 L4 9 . 31 0100 148.28 26 148.31 1200 148.34 0100 148.32 26 148.28 0100 L4 8.28 0100 148.28 27 148.28 0900 148. 1 0100 148.28 27 148.28 0100 148.28 0100 148.29 28 148.25 2400 i48.28 0100 148.28 28 148.28 0100 148.28 010J 148.28 29 148.25 0100 149.25 0100 148.25 29 148.28 0100 148.31 1400 148.29 30 148.25 01:0 148.25 0100 148.25 30 148.28 0100 148.28 0100 148.28 31 148.25 0100 148.31 2100 148.26 31 148.28 0100 148.34 2200 148.29 MEAM 148.39 MEAN 148.60 SE 0.016 SE 0.n68 O(sY$ vf f
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| ' Y, ),
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| | |
| 23 table A-3 (cont.)
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| DATE MIN IMU M (TINE) MAXIMUM (TIME) MEAh D ATE MINIMUM (TIME) MAXIMUM (TIME) MEAN SEP OCT 1 148.34 0100 148.40 1800 148.37 1 148.34 0100 148.34 0100 148.34 2 148.40 0100 148.43 1300 148.41 2 148.34 0100 148.34 0100 148.34 3 148.40 0400 148.43 0100 148.40 3 148.34 0100 148.34 0100 148.34 4 148.40 0100 148.40 0100 148.40 4 148.34 0100 148.34 0100 148.34 5 148.37 2200 148.40 0100 148.38 5 148.34 0100 148.34 0100 148.34 6 148.34 1900 148.37 0100 148.36 6 148.34 0100 148.37 0700 148.36 7 148.31 0800 148.34 0100 148.32 7 148.37 0100 148.43 1900 148.39 8 148.28 0600 148.31 0100 148.28 8 148.43 0100 148.43 0100 148.43 9 148.28 1800 148.31 0100 148.29 9 148.43 0100 148.46 1300 148.44 10 148.28 0100 148.28 0100 148.28 10 148.46 0100 148.46 0100 148.46 11 148.28 0100 148.28 0100 148.28 11 148.43 0700 148.46 0100 148.e5 12 148.28 0100 148.28 0100 148.28 12 148.40 2200 148.43 0100 148.42 13 148.28 0100 148.28 0100 148.28 13 148.37 1300 148.40 0100 148.38 14 148.25 0100 148.25 0100 148.25 14 148.37 0100 148.46 1200 148.43 15 118.25 0100 148.25 0100 148.25 15 148.46 0100 148.61 2200 148.53 16 148.21 1900 148.25 0100 146.23 16 148,61 0100 148.67 1900 148.65 17 148.21 0100 148.25 1800 148.23 17 148.67 0100 148.98 2300 148.82 le 148.25 0100 148.31 2200 148.27 18 148.92 2300 148.98 0100 148.96 19 148.31 0103 148.55 1100 148.45 19 148.79 2200 148.92 C100 148.85 20 148.40 0400 148.43 0100 148.41 20 148.67 2400 14C.79 0100 148.72 21 148.43 0100 148.43 0100 148.43 11 148.61 2000 748.67 C100 148.64 22 146.43 0100 148.95 2300 148.64 22 148.58 1900 148.61 '100 148.60 23 148.89 2200 149.01 0500 148.95 23 148.58 0100 148.61 .900 148.59 24 148.70 2000 148.85 0100 148.76 24 148.61 0100 148.61 s100 148.61 25 148.61 1900 148.70 0100 148.64 25 148.61 0100 148.61 0100 y9e 61 20 148.55 1800 148.61 0100 148.58 26 148.58 0100 148.58 0100 148.k 27 148.49 2200 148.55 0100 148.52 27 148.58 0100 148.61 0900 148.60 28 148.43 1900 148.49 010' 148.46 28 148.61 0100 148.73 2200 148.71 29 148.40 1300 148.43 0100 148.41 29 148.82 0100 14 9.10 2300 148.94 30 148.34 2300 148.40 0100 148.37 30 149.13 0100 149.22 0900 149.20 31 149.04 2300 149.19 0100 149.12 MEAN 148.41 MEAN 148.59 SE 0.031 SE 0.042 NOV DEC 1 148.92 2100 149.04 0100 148.s7 1 148.67 0900 148.70 0100 148.68 2 148.82 2200 148.89 0100 148.86 2 148.67 0100 148.67 0100 148.67 3 148.76 1600 148.82 0100 148.79 3 148.67 0100 148.67 0100 148.67 4 148.70 1700 148.73 0100 148.72 e 148.67 0100 148.73 1900 148.71 5 148.67 1900 148.70 0100 148.69 5 148.73 0100 148.76 1900 148.74 6 148.67 0100 148.67 0100 148.67 6 148.76 0100 148.76 0100 148.76 7 148.64 0100 148.64 0100 148.64 7 148.76 0100 149.01 2300 148.88 8 148.61 1300 148.64 0100 148.62 8 14 9. 04 0100 149.10 2100 149.06 9 148.58 0700 148.61 01b' 148.59 9 149.10 0100 14 9.31 2300 149.17 10 148.55 0900 148.58 010b 148.56 10 149.34 0100 149.71 2400 149.57 11 148.55 0100 148.55 0100 148.55 11 149.71 0100 149.92 1200 149.85 12 148.55 0100 148.55 0100 148.55 12 149.62 2300 149.83 010t 149.72 13 148.52 0100 148.52 0100 148.52 13 149.40 2300 149.59 0100 149.49 14 148.52 0100 148.52 0100 148.52 14 149.31 2000 149.40 0100 149.35 15 148.49 1900 148.52 0100 148.51 15 149.22 1500 149.31 0100 149.25 16 148.46 1300 148.49 0100 148.47 16 149.16 1200 149.19 0100 149.17 17 148.46 0100 148.46 0100 148.46 17 149.10 2200 149.16 0100 149.13 18 148.46 0100 148.49 1500 148.47 18 149.07 0900 149.10 0100 149.08 19 148.49 0100 148.58 1100 148.55 19 148.98 2400 149.07 0100 149.03 20 148.58 1800 148.61 0100 148.60 20 148.89 1300 148.98 0100 148.91 21 148.58 0100 148.67 1900 148.62 21 148.89 0100 148.92 0900 148.90 22 148.67 0100 148.67 0100 148.67 22 148.92 0100 149.01 1500 148.97 23 148.64 1300 148.67 0100 148.65 23 149.01 0100 14 9.1$ 2200 149.09 24 148.64 0100 148.64 0100 148.64 24 149.19 0100 '.49.28 2400 149.20 25 148.61 0900 148.64 0100 148.62 25 149.28 0100 14 9.31 1000 149.29 26 148.61 0100 148.61 0100 148.61 26 149.07 2100 149.28 0100 149.17 27 148.61 0100 148.70 2200 148.65 27 148.89 : 30 0 14 9.04 0104 148.94 28 148 .70 0100 148.76 1900 148.73 28 148.92 00 149.04 1100 148.97 29 148.76 0100 148.79 0900 148.,7 79 148.92 1500 149.01 0900 148.96 30 148.70 1500 148.76 0100 148.72 30 148.89 1600 148.98 0900 148.92 31 148.89 0100 148.92 2200 148.89 MEAN 148.63 MEAN 149.07 SE 0.021 SE 0.054 q ;/%
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| o f 0W' % '}r$ 4
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| Table Ar4. Daily mean flow (m /s) of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory, 1978 DAY J AN PEB MA R APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 461 958 203 1644 277 185 77 51 55 49 206 124 2 457 833 197 1826 256 158 73 61 63 49 173 121 3 457 710 191 2397 236 158 73 61 61 49 153 121 4 395 602 170 1943 213 179 79 61 61 49 134 131 5 334 522 164 1644 209 182 81 75 57 49 126 139 6 318 461 150 1952 246 173 95 102 53 53 121 145 7 326 342 161 1835 299 164 97 156 46 59 1 14 179 8 334 311 182 1853 350 158 86 517 39 67 109 236 9 1155 307 179 1773 342 249 71 421 41 69 102 2 74 10 2977 387 176 1472 382 267 67 303 39 73 95 434 11 2337 382 170 1191 439 274 67 216 39 92 71 567 12 1577 374 179 1051 417 263 61 194 39 65 92 503 13 1155 370 197 1099 354 249 57 176 39 57 86 399 14 978 362 222 1085 342 246 49 170 34 67 86 342 15 882 342 527 964 762 222 176 34 88 48 83 303 le 733 299 1331 869 1183 216 44 129 31 116 75 2 74 17 613 274 1339 762 1120 188 46 99 31 161 18 73 259 567 277 997 661 1249 158 63 81 37 203 75 242 M 19 484 277 791 572 1058 150 69 69 170 11 92 226 20 399 259 773 532 785 14 5 63 63 63 134 104 188 21 452 239 907 552 634 153 63 61 67 114 22 109 185 362 222 1889 744 547 167 53 57 1 14 104 121 206 23 378 219 3057 744 484 167 49 53 200 102 116 246 24 391 203 3011 618 425 153 53 44 145 106 1 14 28 5 25 378 219 2594 522 425 139 51 39 1 14 106 109 318 26 797 226 1844 461 395 1 37 46 39 99 99 106 2 74 27 2584 229 1989 408 330 126 39 39 86 104 116 197 26 2887 216 2832 362 277 114 ; 39 73 131 137 206 29 2064 2832 322 246 102 34 41 63 197 14 7 203 30 1488 2469 299 222 90 34 39 55 285 134 191 31 1155 1943 200 36 41 256 182 MEAN 964 372 1086 1072 474 178 60 118 65 106 1 13 248 SE 144.7 36.2 187.7 110.9 54.6 9.1 3.1 20.6 6.9 11.0 5.4 19.6
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| *I
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| (.I CD i'O T
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| 25 Table A-5. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, January 1978.
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| SSES DATE 4 J AN 11 JAN 18 JAN 24 JAN TIME 1330 1300 1345 1300 ~\
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| D ~\
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| h1VER LEVEL (M ABOVE MSL) 149.50 152.18 149.86 149. 50 J D DISCH ARGE (M3/S) 404 2320 57 2 404 LI(, ) J{
| |
| T EMP E RAT U RE (C)
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| AIR -2.0 -6.0 -2.0 -1.5 [,5) , n.) _{ {g.} ] 7 n hATEh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -
| |
| A WEATHER SUNNY P . CLOUDY P . CLOUDY P. CLOUDY l !l] U L' d kO I " _b3 MEAN SE SECCHI DISC (CM) 158 10 92 149 102 30.5 TU RB IDIT Y ( NIV ) 6.0 100 7.7 5.8 30 20.9 OXYGEN DI S SOLV ED (MG/L) 13.40 13.80 1 3.20 13.35 13.44 0.115 PERCENT SATU RATION 93 95 91 92 93 0.8 TOTAL ALKALINITY (MG/L) 55 48 50 48 50 1.5 PH 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.2 0.04 SPECIFIC COhDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 242 90 190 240 7.91 31.8 SU LFAT E (MG/L) 55 12 44 45 39 8.4 I RON (MG/L)
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| TOT AL 2.14 6.38 1.92 2,08 3.13 0.970 DIS SOLV ED 1.60 0.46 1.38 1.63 1.27 0.246 PERCENI DISSOLVED 75 7 72 78 58 15.2 RESIDU E (MG/L)
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| TOTAL 150 196 1 30 14 8 156 12.6 FIXED TOTAL 110 171 96 122 125 14.6 NONFILT RAB LE 2 124 8 4 35 26.7 FILThABLE 148 72 1 21 150 123 16.2 BELL BEND DATE 4 JAN 11 J AN 18 JAN 24 JAN TIME 1345 1300 1400 1315 IEMPE hATU RE (C)
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| AIR -2.0 -6.0 -2.0 -1.5 0.0 gjQjj'g HAT ER 0.0 0.0 0.0 W EATHEh SUNNY P . CLOUDY P .CLGUDY P. CLOUDY MEAN SE SELCHI DISC (CM) 157 10 93 149 102 30.3 TU RBIDITY ( NIU ) 6.0 88 7.2 5.6 27 18.3 OXYG EN DI S SOUV ED (MG/L ) 13.5G 13.60 1 3. 30 13.55 13.49 0.059 PEECENT SATURATION 94 94 91 94 93 0.7 TOTAL ALKALINITY (MG/L) 59 37 52 62 53 5.0 PH 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.0 7.2 0.07 SPECIFIC COhDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 240 95 198 235 192 30.1 SULF AT E (MG/L ) 55 12 44 43 39 8.3 IHON(MG/L)
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| TOT AL 2.16 6.25 1.83 2.02 3.07 0.952 DI S SOLV ED 1.53 0.50 1.33 1.59 1.24 0.225 PERCENT DISSOLVED 71 8 73 79 58 14.9 RESIDU E (MG/L) 10TAL 154 203 115 148 155 16.2 FIXED TOTAL 106 174 98 116 124 15.4 NONFILT RAB LE 3 126 8 4 35 27.1 FILTRABLE 149 80 120 144 123 14.1
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| | |
| 26 Table A-6. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, February 1978.
| |
| SSES DATE 1 FEB 8 ?EB 15 FEB 21 FEB TIME 1315 1320 1330 1200 RIVER LEVEL (M ABOVE MSL) 150. 50 149.31 149.37 149.10 DIS CHARGE (M 3/S) 939 326 350 249 TEMPE RATU RE (C )
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| AIR -3.0 -2.0 -2.0 -1.0 WATER 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 WEATHER SUNNY SUNNY SUNNY OVERCAST MEAN SE SECCHI DISC (CM) 59 125 178 150 128 22.7 TU FBIDITY(NTU ) 10 6.4 5.5 6.8 7.2 0.9 OXYG EN DISSOLVED (MG/L) 13.75 13.40 13.35 13.20 13.43 0.104 PERCENT SATURATION 95 93 92 90 93 0.9 TOTAL ALKALINITY (MG/L) 45 52 57 60 54 2.9 PH 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.2 0.04 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 167 252 256 305 245 25.6 SULFATE (MG/L) 34 42 34 42 38 2.1 IRON (MG/L )
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| TOTAL 1.79 2.56 1.92 2.43 2.18 0 . 169 DISSOLV ED 1.14 2.15 1.55 1.92 1.69 0.198 PERCENT DISSOLVED 64 84 81 79 77 4.0 RESIDU E (MG/L)
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| TOTAL 106 175 159 182 156 15.4 FIXED TOTAL 80 137 124 152 123 13.9 NONFILTRABLE 10 4 3 2 5 1.6 FILTRABLE 100 171 154 158 146 14.0 BELL BEND DAT E 1 FEB 8 F EB 15 FEB 21 FEB TIME 1330 1335 1345 1215 TEMP ERATURE (C)
| |
| AIR -3.0 -2.0 -2.0 -1.0 .
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| W AT ER 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bm/0030 NEATHER SUNNY SUHNY SUNNY OVERCAST MEAN SE SECCHI DISC (CM) 59 125 179 152 129 23.0 TUFSIDITY(NTU) 9.9 6.2 5.4 6.6 7.0 0.9 OXYGEN DIS SOLV ED (MG/L ) 13.90 13.50 13.40 13.30 13.53 0.118 PERCENT SATURATION 96 93 92 91 93 1.0 TOTAL ALKALINITY (MG/L) 50 53 53 64 55 2.8 PH 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.3 0.03 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 156 256 2 50 304 242 27.7 SU LF AT E (MG/L) 32 39 34 41 37 1.9 IRON (MG/L)
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| TOTAL 1.76 2.55 1.94 2.37 2.16 0.164 DIS SOLV ED 1.02 2.07 1.47 1.87 1.61 0.208 PERCENT DISSOLVED 58 81 76 79 74 4.7 RESIDU E (MG/L)
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| TOTAL 107 174 159 176 154 14.4 FIXED TOTAL 74 132 115 140 115 13.2 NONFILT RABLE 20 4 3 2 7 3.8 FILTRAB LE 92 172 154 162 145 16.1
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| 27 Table A-7. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, March 1978.
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| SSES DATE 1 MAR 8 MAR 15 MAR 22 MAR 29 MAR TIME 1315 1315 1200 1300 1330 RIVER LEVEL (M ABOVE MSL) 148.98 148.92 149.56 151.99 152.66 DIS CHARGE (M 3/S) 209 191 430 2130 2820 TEMPE RATU RE (C)
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| AIR -2.0 0.0 3.5 9.0 11.0 HATER 1.0 1.5 1.0 4.0 4.0 WEATHER OVERCAST OVERCAST OVERCAST OVERCAST SUNNY MEAN SE SECCHI DISC (CM) 152 140 30 12 13 69 28.7 TU FBIDITY (NTU) 7.6 6.6 30 81 66 38 13.9 OXYG EN DI S SOLV ED (MG/L) 13.50 13.60 13.00 12.70 12.5C 13.06 0.197 PERCENT SATURATION 95 99 92 97 96 96 1.1 TOTAL ALKALINITY (MG/L) 67 E3 51 27 20 46 8.6 PH 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.0 7.2 0.07 SPECIFIC OONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(UMHOS/CM) 311 3 36 288 125 114 235 43.6 3U LFATE (MG/L) 47 55 39 17 18 35 7.0 IRON (MG/L )
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| TOTAL 2.36 2.31 3.89 6.75 5.14 4.09 0.774 DIS SOLVED 1.60 1.53 0.74 0.21 0.30 0.88 0.270 PERCENT DISSOLVED 68 66 19 3 6 32 13.1 RESIDU E (MG/L )
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| TO TAL 193 202 210 34 9 230 237 26.2 FIXED TOTAL 156 158 181 3 14 198 201 26.7 NONFILTRABLE 3 2 53 2 52 150 92 44.0 FILTRABLE 183 200 161 62 61 13 3 27.4 BELL BEND DAT E 1 MAR 8 MA R 1r MAR 22 MAR 29 MAR TIME 1330 1330 1215 1315 1340 TEMP ERATURE (C) 3.5 9.0 11.0 m
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| 0 Iu L g e1.
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| AIR -2.0 0.0 HATER 1.0 1.5 1.0 4.0 4.0 W EAT HER OVERCAST OVERCAST ( ERCAST OVERCAST SUNNY MEAN SE SECCHI DISC (CM) 150 140 29 11 13 69 28.7 TUFBIDITY(NTU) 7.3 6.5 30 81 64 38 13.7 OXYG EN DIS SOLV ED (MG/L) 13.60 13.70 13.05 12.70 1 2.50 13.11 0.217 PERCENT SATUhATION 96 99 92 97 96 96 1.0 TOTAL ALKALINITY (MG/L) 72 64 52 27 21 47 9.2 PH 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.0 7.3 0.08 SPECIFaC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 315 334 282 126 114 234 43.3 SULF AT E (MG/L) 47 54 37 17 19 35 6.7 IBON (MG/L)
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| TOTAL 2.16 2.28 4.05 6.97 5.16 4.12 0.828 DIS SOLVED 1.56 1.48 0.78 0.22 0.33 0.87 0.256 PERCENT DISSOLVED 72 65 19 3 6 33 13.5 RESIDU E (MG/L)
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| TOTAL 189 202 210 366 240 241 29.4 FIXED TOTAL 146 143 165 332 20 3 198 32.1 NONFI LT RABLE 2 2 55 270 158 97 47.2 FILTRAB LE 177 202 161 55 63 132 27.7
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| 28 Trble A-8. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Bend on the Musquehanna River, April 1978.
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| SS ES DATE 4 APk 7 AP R 11 A E R 14 APR 18 APR 21 APR 25 APR 28 APR TIME 1300 1345 1330 1300 1325 134 5 1345 1223 RIVER LEVEL (M ABOVE MSLI 151.75 151.63 150.84 150 . 71 150.01 149.80 149.77 149.40 DIS ch AEGE (M 3/S) 1910 1800 1170 1080 6 50 542 527 362 T EMP E hATU EL (C )
| |
| Alb 6.0 10.0 11.5 11.0 11.0 6.0 14.5 12.5 hATEk 4.0 5.5 6.5 8.5 8.0 7. 5 10.5 12.0 HEATHER OVEECAST P. CLOUDY OVENCAST P.CLOUEY P.CLGJDY OVEFCAST SUL Y SUhNY MEAN SE SECCh! DISC (CM) 30 20 50 50 70 88 90 120 65 11.2 TUleID1TYthTC) 43 48 14 16 9.2 8.8 8.9 8.2 20 5.4 OKYG us DI SSOLV ED (MG/L) 12.60 12.10 12.00 11.00 11.40 11.00 10.90 10.80 11.48 0.224 PEkCENT SATUFATIOh 97 95 96 94 96 90 98 99 96 0.9 TOTAL ALKAL1h1TY(MG/L) 20 22 30 27 38 36 37 33 30 2.3 PH 7.0 6.8 7.1 6.7 7.2 7.0 7.1 6.6 6.9 0.07 SPECIFIC (DhDUCTAhCE At 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 110 128 14c 150 171 196 188 215 162 12.1 SULF ATE (MG/L) 19 20 23 23 28 35 35 40 28 2.6 l BON (ha/L)
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| TO TAL 3.49 3.42 1.62 1.69 .45 1.56 1.37 1.47 2.01 0.299 DISSOLvLD 0.40 0.41 0.44 0.39 0.64 0.73 0.75 0.85 0.58 0.062 PERCENT DISSOLVED 11 12 27 23 44 47 55 58 35 6.3 RE SIDU E (MG/L) 1 DIAL 160 169 110 122 124 124 124 131 133 6.8 F11ED TOTAL 138 136 84 92 92 102 90 108 105 7.0 h0hFIL1hABLE 83 82 27 34 16 14 10 10 35 10.3 FILikABLE 67 73 82 90 112 124 106 1 34 99 8.1 BELL bEhD LATE 4 APR 7 AP R 11 APh 14 APR 18 APR 21 APH 25 APR 28 AFR TIPE 1315 1355 1340 1310 1335 1355 1355 1240 T LMP E5ATUkE (C)
| |
| AIR 6.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 6.0 14.5 12.5 h AT ER 4.0 5.5 6.5 8.5 8.0 7.5 10.5 12.0 hEATHEh 0%ERCAST P. CLOUDY OVERCAST P. CLOUDY P. CLOUDY OVEECAST SUhNY SUhNY MEA N SE S ELCh i DISCtCM) 30 20 50 50 70 88 91 1 20 65 11.2 1URBID1TY(h10) 45 46 15 17 9.8 8.8 8.8 E.2 20 5.4 01YG Lh DI S SOLV ED (MG/L) 12.60 12.10 11.90 11.00 11.60 11.00 10.70 10.80 11.46 0.231 PEECEh1 SATURATIN 97 95 95 94 98 90 96 99 96 0. 9 IOT AL ALEALINITY(MG/L) 20 21 29 27 38 38 36 33 30 2.4 PH 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.8 7.1 7.0 7. 0 6.6 6.9 0.05 SPECIFIC CChDUCTAhCE AT 25 C(u MHOS/CM) 109 122 140 148 170 191 188 217 161 12.4 SU LF AT E (MG/L) 18 19 22 23 28 35 34 38 27 2.6 Iloh(MG/L)
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| TOTAL 3.64 3.51 1.53 1.81 1.47 1.50 1.33 1.50 2.04 0.320 DISSOLV ED 0.45 0.33 0.43 0.41 0.64 0.65 0.68 0.87 0.56 0.060 PEECLh1 011 WLV ED 12 9 28 23 44 43 51 58 34 6.1 hE SIDU L (MG/L; 10TAL 162 172 110 120 126 126 126 136 135 7.1 711ED TOTAL 139 136 79 90 91 96 88 104 103 7. 5 tohFILT&ABLE 88 82 28 36 16 14 10 10 36 10.6 FILTEABLE 65 74 84 92 112 122 97 134 98 7.9 370032 O
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| 7.
| |
| c3 c _ Ju A;u lWT Tu~ _a
| |
| | |
| 29 Table A-9. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, May 1978.
| |
| SSES 5 MAY 9 M AY 12 MAY 16 MAY 19 MAY 2 3 M AY 26 MAY 30 MAY D AT E 2 MAY 1340 1330 1330 1330 1330 1315 1320 1325 1310 Ti kE 150.62 149.63 149.46 149.01 RIVL k LEV LL(M AbOVE MS L) 149.13 148,98 149.34 14 9. 50 151.C2 209 338 404 1300 1020 48e 387 219 DISchAkGL(M 3/ S) 259 T L MF L kATU bL le )
| |
| AIR 13.0 7.5 20.5 20.5 12.5 17.9 26.0 28.0 28.0 13.0 11.5 11.5 14 .5 12.5 13.0 17.0 18.5 23.5 hATEh SULNY h LAT nL k P.CLGULY LT.kAI N P .CLGGLY Ch LFCAST LT.k AIN P .CLOULY GVLB JAST 3.CLOLLY MEAN SE 95 150 150 30 14 80 90 60 87 15.0 SLLcut DISC tra 112 18 5.9 TU bE L L11 Y (h10 ) 10 13 6.5 5.0 36 61 8.7 8.6 13 OXYG LN
| |
| : 11. l C 11.00 11.G0 9.00 9.60 10.40 10.60 10.05 10.53 0.286 DISSGLVED(MG/L) 12.05 117 104 3.5 113 101 100 108 64 91 108 113 FL>tthT hATU kAT ith 28 37 41 44 43 2.4 53 54 47 44 38 TOT AL AL E ALI h1TY l MG/ L) 1.3 7. 5 7.6 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.4 0.04 PH ?.4 SPECIF IC Coh0LCTAhCL 138 188 20 5 150 201 14.9 AT 2 5 C(prigs /CM) 2 50 277 2 32 210 160 32 15 26 41 44 61 40 4.6 SULF AT E (MG/L) 46 56 38 1koh(MG/L) 2.53 4.17 1.72 1.70 2.30 2.06 0.285 TOTAL 1.73 1. 94 1.36 1.11 0.06 3 0.55 0. 58 0.75 0.55 0.21 0.27 0.76 0.63 0.33 0.51 DIS SO LV ED 6 44 3? 14 31 5.7 PLkLLhT DIS bOLVED 32 30 55 50 8 kL SiOU L (NCfL i 142 1 30 199 200 142 152 164 161 7.8 VD1AL 149 167 116 8.1 117 99 65 156 155 100 102 129 F lxtD TOTAL 100 30 13.1 6 4 4 4 101 104 16 14 14 NuhFILikABLL 83 139 140 159 133 8.7 146 I led 127 94 FILTkABLL BELL BLhD 9 MAY 12 MAY 16 FAY 19 M AY 23 MAY 26 M AY 30 MAY L Al l 2 KAY 5 P AY 1340 1350 1345 1345 1345 1345 1330 1330 1335 TIME T EMP L kATU kE (C) 17.0 28.0 28 .0 Alh 13.0 7.5 20.5 20.5 12.5 26.0 13.0 17.0 18.5 23.5 HATER 13.0 11.5 11.5 14.5 12.5 SUhNY hLAThth F.CLULLY LT.kAl h P .CLCULY OVEECAST LT.kAIN P.CLOLCY CVERCAST P. CLOUDY MEAN SL 150 150 30
| |
| * 80 80 60 86 15.0 btLCH F DISC (LM) 110 <
| |
| 18 6.1 10 .3 6.G 5.0 38 6. 8.1 8.9 12 It hBID ITY ( NTU )
| |
| ORYGEh 10.56 0.282 LI S SOLV LD (MG/L) 11.95 l'.20 11.00 11.10 9.00 9.60 1C.45 10.60 10.15 100 108 84 91 108 113 118 104 3.5 FEbCLhT SAttbATIOh 1 12 10 2 46 43 2. 3 101AL ALEALINITYlMG/L) 47 51 50 46 38 28 37 41 7.3 7.1 7.5 7.6 7.3 7.1 7. 4 7.5 7.6 7.4 0.06 FK SPECIFIC COhCLCT AhCE 152 201 15.1 2 50 279 236 210 15* 138 186 2C2 AI 25 C(ukhcS/CM) 15 25 38 42 61 39 4.6 SU LF AT E LMG/L) 48 54 37 29 IMDh(MG/L) 1.08 1.79 2.C9 2.10 C.311 10TAL 1.71 1.95 1.33 1.01 3.21 4.17 0.63 0.73 0.79 0.63 0 .20 0.27 0.77 0.63 0 .32 0.55 0.072 LI S SO LV L D 37 37 59 62 7 46 35 15 34 6.6 FEECLh? DISSQLbED ELSI DU L (MG/L) 169 161 9.4 149 162 1 34 124 210 206 142 156 1UT AL 130 116 9.5 95 113 92 86 166 162 96 104 F I ALD 101AL 14 14 31 14.0 4 5 2 4 111 105 18 NL h F I LT kAB LE 131 8.7 14 5 162 148 122 92 84 128 139 159 EILikAELL 370033 D
| |
| I7' #;'
| |
| D OOS f
| |
| a Ju _ 3] _ a
| |
| | |
| 30 Table A-10. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, June 1978.
| |
| SSES DATE 2 JUN 6 JUN 9 JUd 13 JUN 16 JUN 20 JUN 2 3 JUN 27 .UN 30 JUN TIhE 1320 1335 1335 1250 1210 1310 1335 1335 1320 RIVER LEVEL (M ABOVE MSL) 148.19 148.85 149.13 149.10 149.01 148.76 148.85 148.70 148.55 CISQeARGE(M3/6) 153 170 259 249 219 145 170 129 92 TEMPE8ATURL(C)
| |
| AIR 23.0 17.5 22.s 16.0 18.0 24.0 21.5 '7.0 25.0 HAT ER 24.5 10.5 20.5 22.0 19.5 22.5 24.0 23.5 25.0 h EAThER P. CLOUDY SudMY P. CLOUDY OVERCAST P. CLOUDY P. CLOUDY P. CLOUDY SUNNY P . CLOUDY MEAN SE EECCHI DISC (Cn) 55 45 40 43 43 45 40 40 40 43 1. 5 TuhB1DITY(NTV) 13 15 20 17 17 14 18 17 16 16 0. 7 OXYG EN DI S SOLV ED (MG/L) 9.80 30.45 9.60 9.20 12.15 10.15 11.05 8.40 10. 30 10.12 0. i* -
| |
| PERCENT SATURATION 116 116 105 105 133 117 131 98 123 116 .4 TOT AL ALRALIMITY(MG/L) 50 52 59 55 47 46 57 60 60 54 1.7 PR 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.6 8.2 7.4 8.2 7.6 7.9 7.7 0.10 SPECIFIC COhDUCTANCE AT 25 C(uMEOS/CM) 297 300 2 95 268 245 290 297 306 345 294 f.6 SU LFAT E (MG/L) 62 52 48 50 4F 54 50 55 72 54 2. 5 IBON(MG/L) 1CTAL 2.35 2.64 2.83 2.10 2.53 2.12 2.17 2.26 2.03 2.34 0.087 DIS SOLV ED 0.25 0.31 0.20 0.22 0.55 0.29 0.25 0.34 0.34 0.31 0.033 PERCENT DISSOLVED 11 12 7 10 22 14 12 15 17 13 1.4 RESIDU E (P.G/L)
| |
| TOTAL 198 220 244 182 177 200 203 206 231 207 6.9 FIXED TOTAL 152 146 166 126 1 20 144 145 156 168 147 5.1 M)hFILTPABLE 17 25 38 27 36 23 26 19 17 25 2.4 FILTRABLE 178 200 190 166 155 176 174 193 2 0., 182 5.0 BELL BEND D AT E 2 JUN 6 JUN 9 JUN 13 JUN 16 JUN 20 JUN 23 JUN 27 JUN 30 JUN TI ME 1330 1345 1345 1300 1220 1320 1345 1345 1330 TEMP E RATURE (C)
| |
| AIR 23.0 17.5 22.5 16.0 14.0 24.0 21.5 27.0 25.0 HAT ER 24.5 20.5 20.5 22.0 19.5 22.5 24.0 23.5 25.0 HEATHER P. CLOUDY SUhuY P. CLOUDY OVERCAST P. CLOUDY P. CLOUDY P. CLOUDY SUNNY P. CLOUDY MEAN SE SELQtt DISC (CM) 53 45 40 44 43 45 40 40 40 43 1. 3 TU RBIDITY(N7U ) 12 15 19 18 16 14 19 17 16 16 0.7 OXYG EN DISSCLvEc(MG/L) 10.10 10.60 9.60 9.40 1 2.20 10.35 11.05 8.50 10.00 10.20 0.333 PERCENT SATURATION 120 117 105 107 133 119 99 1 31 119 117 3.6 TOTAL ALKALINITY (MG/L) 50 53 59 54 47 48 58 60 61 54 1. 7 PB 7.4 7.5 7.6 8.1 7.5 7.5 8.1 7.6 7.7 7.7 0.08 SPECIFIC CO3DUCTANCE AT 25 C(upHOS/CM) 297 300 30 0 268 24 5 292 297 308 345 245 8.6 SU LF AT E (MG/L) 62 32 48 48 46 52 50 55 73 54 2. 7 IiON(MG/L)
| |
| TUIAL 2.24 2.73 2.98 2. 38 2.61 2.21 2.39 2 . 30 2.08 2.44 0.090 DIS SOLV ED 0.25 0.29 0.19 0.23 0.54 0. 30 0.21 0.32 0.33 0 . 30 0.033 PERCENT DISSOLVED 11 11 6 10 21 14 8 14 16 12 1.4 RE SILU E (MG/L)
| |
| TOTAL 202 228 238 186 188 202 206 204 236 210 6.1 FIRED TOTAL 154 152 159 136 1 20 147 144 160 171 149 4. 7 DONFILTRAaLE 18 26 40 30 34 24 28 20 14 26 2. 6 FILTRAB12 177 206 198 171 154 177 181 192 207 185 5.5 CF O'% A s A LJ 4 US) Q
| |
| | |
| 31 Table A-11. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Band on Lhe Susquehanna River. July 1978.
| |
| SS ES DATE 4 JLL 7 JUL 11 JUL 14 JUL 18 JUL 21 JUL 25 JUL 28 JUL TIME 1300 1320 1320 1315 1310 1310 1320 1320 Elvt h LEVEL (M ABOVE MSL) 148.49 148.58 148.43 148.34 148.43 148.40 148.34 148.28 CISCHAkCE th3/S ) 79 99 67 49 67 61 49 39 T L hP L hATL SE (C )
| |
| Alb 17.0 27.5 22.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 21.5 23.0 h AT LR 21.0 23.5 25.5 24.0 25.0 27.0 26.5 26.0 hLAthEh LT. PAIN P.CLOVDi P.CLCLDY 0%ERCAST P. CLOUDY P .CLOLDY OV ERCAST P. CLOUDY MEAM SE SECCHI LISC(CM) 40 35 40 50 45 40 45 ,7 43 1.5 YLkBILIli(hTL) 20 19 20 10 16 12 12 l's 15 1.3 ChiGLh CI S SCLV LC (MC/L) 8.60 10.00 10.80 8.20 8.40 9.80 7.35 0.7; 8.97 0.380 PEbCLh1 SATURAT ION 96 117 131 97 107 122 91 94 107 5.0 65 63 65 67 62 64 0.7 1DT AL ALkAL1h1TY(MC/L) 60
| |
| * 65 65 7.5 7.7 0.08 Ph 7.5 8.1 8.0 ?.5 7.5 7.8 7.5 SttCIFIC CChLOCTAhCE AT 25 C(LMhcS/CM) 370 355 368 400 425 38 7 412 425 393 9.0 SU LF A1 E (Mr./L) 80 65 86 93 106 83 94 113 90 5.0 I nch ( MG/L) 1U1 AL 2.71 2.38 1.83 1.51 2.31 1.83 1.68 1.90 2.02 0.135 L15 5GLV LC 0.37 0.19 0.09 0.08 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.18 0.19 0. 030 P LFCLh1 LISSCLVED 14 8 5 5 9 10 12 9 9 1.0 kE SIDL L (MG/ L) 10TAL 247 245 261 277 306 298 293 288 277 7.8 t 1 ALL 1CIAL 177 173 187 202 2 20 199 209 812 197 5.6 Nsht 1LT kAnLL 16 20 18 14 14 13 11 10 15 1.2 t1LTbABLE 2 28 216 240 254 306 248 256 270 252 9.2 BELL BEhc CAT L 4 JLL 7 JCL 11 JUL 14 JUL 18 J U L 21 J U L 25 JUL 28 JUL TIME 1310 1330 1330 1315 1320 1320 1330 1330 T LhP L HAT LRE tC)
| |
| Alk 17.0 27.5 22.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 21.5 23.0 HAT LR 21.0 23.5 25.5 24.0 25.0 27.0 26.5 26.0 hLAThEE LT. kAlb P.CLOLLY P .CLCOCY C%ESCAST P.CLOUCY P .CLCUCY OVEBCAST P. CLOUDY MLAN SE SECCHI LISC(Lh) 40 35 40 40 41 45 40 45 41 1.1 10 kBID17 Y ( hTV ) 20 19 20 12 15 11 11 13 15 1.1 ChYGLh DI S SCLV EC ( MG/L) 8 .70 9.95 10.20 8.20 9.05 9.75 7.35 7.95 8.49 0.342 PLELLhT SATUkAT10h 97 117 124 97 109 121 91 91 106 4.5 TGTAL ALIALINITYtM0/L) 60 65 66 65 62 65 67 62 64 0.8 Ph 7.5 8.0 7.9 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.6 0.08 SFLCIFIC COhDUCTANCE AT 25 C (uMHOS/CM) 370 355 J70 4C0 425 390 416 425 394 9.0 SU LF ATL tMG/L) 80 65 83 93 106 86 95 113 90 5.1 I NDh ( MG/L)
| |
| T OT AL 2.60 2.16 1.87 1.38 1.95 1.64 1.54 1.77 1.86 0. 12 8 LI S SOLV ED 0.32 0.16 0.08 0.04 0.18 0.15 0.20 0.16 0.16 0.028 PEbCLh1 DISSCLVED 12 7 4 3 9 9 13 9 8 1.2
| |
| >1S100 E thG/L )
| |
| TO1AL 2 48 258 256 288 315 30 2 298 290 282 8.2 FIXLD TOTAL 179 172 186 206 222 186 210 216 197 6.2 NOhrILTEABLE 16 19 18 13 14 12 10 11 14 1.2 FILT EAa LI 238 225 236 254 30 8 2 50 262 275 756 8.8 (l"T e i e s %,
| |
| u(V83 dei 3 f7 #
| |
| D D s:s s:s f
| |
| o Ju_J1 i ,e
| |
| | |
| 32 Table A-12. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River. August 1978.
| |
| SSLS DATE 1 AU G 4 AUG 8 AUG 11 AUG 15 AU G 18 AUG 22 AUG 25 AUG 29 AUG TIME 1330 1320 1320 1320 1310 1310 1310 12 20 1320 kJVER LEV EL(M A BOVE MSL) 148.34 148.40 149.77 148.98 148.85 148.49 148.37 148.28 148.28 DIS CH A RGE (M 3/S) 49 61 527 209 170 79 55 39 39 TLMP E kATURL (C )
| |
| AIR 24.0 24.0 26.5 23.0 29.0 26 . 0 25.0 24.0 29.5 hA1Ek 23.0 25.0 24.5 24.0 26.0 27.0 25.0 25.5 25.5 h?ATHED OVEhCAST P. CLOUDY P. CLOUDY OVERCAST P. CLOUD Y P . CLOUDY SU NhY OVERCAST P. CLOUDY MEAN SE LECCHI D15C(CM) 50 40 20 27 40 44 55 58 52 43 4.0 Tubs:DITY(hTU) 13 13 26 34 15 12 13 11 12 20 4.8 GXYGEN 90LV ED (MG/ L ) 6.60 9.C5 6.05 6.40 8.70 10.45 9.75 7.00 6.40 7.84 0.522
| |
| .Lht SA10kA11th 79 109 72 76 107 130 117 85 77 95 6.7 TO1AL AL KALI h1T Y l MG/ L) 64 67 68 48 53 59 62 63 64 61 2.1 Ph 7.2 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.7 8.4 7.9 7.3 7. 3 7.6 0.12 SPLC1F IC LONCUCTANCE AT 2 5 C b MncS /CM ) 437 3 96 252 200 247 315 352 390 418 334 26.8 SULF AT L (MG/L) 122 88 27 35 41 61 83 89 96 71 10.1 1 kOh (MG/L )
| |
| T91AL 2.02 2.00 5.03 3.00 1.85 1.50 1.65 1.63 2.07 2.31 0.351 DISSGLVED 0 . 30 0.24 0.17 0 . 51 0.45 0.21 0.26 0.26 0.37 0.31 0.036 PEkCLhT DISSOLVLD 15 12 3 17 24 14 16 16 le 15 1.8 ktSIDUE(MG/L)
| |
| TO TAL 312 291 280 184 174 213 2 73 288 299 257 16.5 FIXLD TOTAL 226 210 206 1 38 123 152 184 200 222 185 12.0 NO hf ] L T kAB LL 9 13 Ils 47 22 17 F I L1 kAB LE 15 16 12 30 11.0 292 28 2 152 1 38 146 190 261 256 299 224 21.2 EiLL P'La L AT L 1 AU G 4 AU G 8 AUG 11 AUG 15 AU G 18 AUG 22 AUG 25 AUG 2 9 AU G T1hL 1340 1330 1330 1330 1320 1320 1320 12 30 1330 1 LhP L kAT U kE (C )
| |
| AI R 21.0 24.0 26 .5 23.0 29.0 26.0 25.0 24.0 29.5 hAltR ?3.0 25.0 24.5 24.0 26.0 27.0 25.0 25.5 25.5 hLA1HER OVESCAST P. CLOUDY P. CLOUDY OVERCAST P. CLOUDY P. CLOUDY SUhhY OVERCAST P. CLOUDY MEAN SE ELCLh1 LISC(CM) 50 35 20 28 45 50 55 56 52 43 4.1 10ksIDITY(hTU) 13 12 42 34 14 11 12 11 12 18 3.7 LX7 GEN LI SSOLV La thL/L) 6.45 9.20 6.10 6.40 9.00 10.55 9.50 6.90 6.40 7.83 0.540 P LkCLhT SAT U kAT I ON 75 111 73 76 111 131 114 83 77 95 7.0 101AL ALkALIh1TY(MG/L) 63 67 69 46 54 61 62 68 65 61 2. 2 Ph 7.2 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.8 8.4 SPECIFIC COhDUCTANCE 7.8 7.3 7.3 7.6 0.12 AT 25 CipMM05/CM) 435 399 254 200 248 315 342 38 7 418 334 26.6 bCLFATE(MG/L) 122 b3 27 33 40 62 60 82 98 70 10.1 I RON ( ML /L)
| |
| TOTA 1 1.98 1.92 4.72 2 . 98 1.81 1.34 1.53 1.52 1. 2.19 0.335 CISSL.'EL 0.28 0.24 0.18 0.57 0.43 0.19 0.23 0.27 0.34 0 . 30 C.040 PEkCEh1 DISSOLVED 14 12 4 19 24 14 15 18 18 15 1. 8 kiSIDU L (MG/L) 10TAL 319 306 248 188 170 215 274 28 8 308 FIXED TOTAL 257 17.4 222 213 181 136 122 150 186 199 226 182 12.0 h0hF1LTkABLE 12 14 96 46 22 16 14 14 14 28 8.8 f1LTkABLE 294 292 156 140 148 196 263 256 291 226 20.8 gyump , gs e em OO M D D
| |
| <:> u:s .
| |
| : m. - - .
| |
| a 10 . )3 . k- a
| |
| | |
| 33 Table A-13. Physicochemical data collected at F5ES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, September 1978 S S ES DATE 1 SEP 5 SEP 8 SLP 12 SEP 15 SEP 19 SEP 22 SEP 26 SEP 29 SEP TI ME 1210 1310 1235 1333 1300 1305 1210 1200 1325 RIVER LEVEL (M ABOVL MSL) 148.37 148.37 148.28 148.28 148.25 148.55 148.58 148. 58 148.40 DISchA hGE (M 3/5) 55 55 39 39 34 92 99 99 61 TE ML L kATU ki (C )
| |
| AIR 22.0 22.0 15.5 24.0 17.0 16.5 18.0 13.0 17.5 MAT Ek 23.0 23.0 22.0 21.0 19.0 20 . 0 20.0 19.0 18.0 hEATHEk P.CLOUCY SUhhY OVERCAST OVERCAST OVERCAST OVERCAST OVERCAST SUNNY SUNNY MEAN SE SLL al DISCICM) 41 51 50 43 39 36 46 56 42 45 2.0 TU HL I DITY ( hTC ) 17 13 12 14 16 18 16 13 13 15 0.7 OXYG LN DIS SOLV ED (MG/ L) 5.90 9.80 7.30 8.40 8.70 7.90 7.20 9.30 11.80 8.48 0.542 PEktLNT SATU kATION 69 1 13 83 93 93 87 79 100 126 94 5.5 TOTAL AL K AL1 h1TY ( MG/ L) 63 66 64 62 61 62 66 68 58 63 1.0 PH 7.2 7.8 7.4 7.3 7.4 7. 3 7.2 7.6 7.8 7.4 0.07 SPECIFIC ODhDUCTAhCE AT 25 C(LMHOS/CM) 421 381 412 423 430 400 391 310 31 9 387 14.0 SULF ATE (MG/L ) 109 74 100 1 06 116 138 120 71 103 104 6.7 1 h0N (MG/L )
| |
| TO TAL 2.61 2 . 16 1.91 2.11 2.30 2.47 2.80 2.00 1.82 2.24 0.104 DIS SOLV LD 0.65 0.23 0.13 0.21 0. 20 0.20 0.42 0.47 0.20 0.30 0.055 PERCENT DISSOLVED 25 11 7 10 9 9 15 24 11 13 2.1 RE SIDU E (MG/L)
| |
| TOTAL 297 268 296 303 344 30 2 276 217 225 281 12.6 FIXED TOTAL 232 206 216 218 234 216 199 156 146 203 9.9 NONFILTRAB LE 12 17 18 14 16 16 20 14 14 16 0.8 FILTRABLE 268 254 2 76 298 342 2 73 277 195 206 265 14.1 BELL BEND L AT E 1 SEP 5 SLP 8 SEP 12 SEF 15 SEP 19 6. 22 SEP 26 SEP 29 SEP TIME 1220 1320 1250 1340 1310 1315 1220 12.0 1335 TEMP LkA10kE (C)
| |
| AIR 22.0 22.0 15.5 24.0 17.5 17.0 18.0 13.0 17.0 HAT LR 23.0 23.0 22.0 21.0 19.0 20.0 20.0 19.0 17.0 h LATH LE P.CLOUCY SUhNY OW LECAST HVY. RAlh OVERCAST OVERCAST 0% ERCAST SU NN Y SUNNY MEAN SE SECCHI DISC (CM) 41 50 45 48 36 32 44 53 40 43 2.1 TU kB1D ITY( NTV ) 18 13 13 17 16 18 13 15 13 15 0.7 CXYC Eh CIS SOLV ED (MG/L) 5.70 9.35 7.55 7.90 8.70 7.9G 7.00 9.35 11.50 8.33 0.524 PERCENT SATU RAT ICN 66 108 86 88 93 87 77 101 120 92 5.1 TOT AL ALKALINITY (MG/L) 64 66 64 62 62 62 66 69 58 64 1.0 FH 7.2 7.6 7.3 7. 2 7.4 7.3 7. 3 7.6 7.P 7.4 0.07 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C (wMHCS/CM) 421 381 4 08 422 430 408 393 310 317 388 14.1 SU LF AT E (MG /L ) 106 75 100 106 1 14 143 120 71 100 104 6.9 INDN(MG/L)
| |
| TOT AL 2.68 2.11 1.86 2.46 2.14 2.30 2.66 2.11 1.81 2.24 0.100 LIS SGLV ED 0.68 0.25 0.15 0.19 0.19 0. 3 0.47 0.48 0.22 0.32 0.057 PEkCENT DISSCLVED 25 17 8 8 9 10 10 23 12 13 2. 0 RESIDU E (MG/L)
| |
| TOTAL 30 1 269 30 2 311 3 52 310 284 226 2 30 28 7 12.8 FIXED TOTAL 229 207 216 220 235 ~~A 206 160 161 205 8.6 NOh P ILT kAB LE 16 17 18 18 17 .. 20 22 16 18 0. 7 FI LT kAB LE 276 260 286 298 3 36 293 280 197 206 2 70 14.0
| |
| .1
| |
| | |
| 34 v.)1r 4. Physicochemical data collected at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River October 1978.
| |
| SSES DATE 5 OCT 13 OCT 19 OCT 26 OCT TI ME 1330 1345 1201 1240 IGVER LEVEL (M A 4VE MSL) 148.34 148.40 148.85 141.58 DIS CHARGE (M 3/S) 49 61 17C 99 T ENF E kATU RE (C )
| |
| AIR 15.5 19.0 11.0 14.5 HATER 16.0 15.5 11.0 11.0 bEAThE R OVERCAST OVEECAST OVERCAST LT.9AIN MEAN SE SECCHI DISC (CM) 50 50 53 90 61 8.7 TU 5BIDIT Y (hTU) 15 12 13 7.9 12 1.3 CXYG LN DIS SOLV ED :MG/L) 9.35 11.00 10.25 10.25 lo.21 0 . 30 2 PESCENT SATURATION 94 109 92 92 97 3.7 TOTAL AL KALIb1TY(MG/L) 60 67 74 62 66 2.8 PH 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.5 0.07 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE At 25 C( uMHDS/CM) 2t? 354 30 3 289 332 19 4 SULF ATE (MG/L) (J 75 44 62 70 10.0 1 ROh (MG/L )
| |
| TOTAL 2.63 2.21 2.05 2.06 2.24 0.122 DISSOLV ED 0.36 0. 26 0.49 1.03 0.54 0.153 PERCENT DISSOLVED 14 12 24 50 25 7.8 kESIDU E (MG/L )
| |
| TOTAL 2 70 243 255 202 243 13.0 FIXED TOTAL 204 166 160 148 170 10.8 h0hPILTkABLE 12 14 19 9 14 1.9 F ILTRA8LE 2 50 240 249 179 230 15.2 BELL BEND LATE 5 OCT 13 ocT is DCT 26 oCT 11hE 1340 1355 1211 1250 Y LMP L hATLRE (C)
| |
| AIE 16.0 19.0 11.0 15.0 HAT Ek 15.5 15.5 11.0 11.0 hLATbEt OVEFCAST OVE3 CAST OVEECAST LT . RA l h M LA h SE SECCh1 DISC (CM) 48 50 50 97 59 8.4 10 RBIDITY (h1U ) 14 12 14 . 0 12 1.3 CXYGEh DIS SOLV LC (MG/L) 9.20 11.15 10.10 10.30 10.19 0. 3 58 PEECthT SATURATIOh 92 110 91 92 96 4.1 101AL ALKALIh17Y(MG/L) 61 67 74 62 66 2.7 Ph 7.4 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.5 0.05 SPECIFIC CChCUCTANCE AT 25 C(uMh05/CM) 380 362 30 9 300 3 38 17.6 SU LF AT E (MG/L ) 100 77 40 60 69 11.4 1HCh(MG/L) 101 AL 2.42 2.26 2.00 2.14 2.21 0.080 CIS SC LV ED 0.37 0.25 0.44 0.88 0.49 0.123 PEECEh1 DISSOLVED 15 11 22 41 22 5.9 kE SIDU E (MG/L)
| |
| TOTAL 270 242 262 201 244 is 8 F11LD TOTAL 192 171 173 148 171 8.1 DOk F I LT kAB LE 13 16 26 12 '. 7 2.9 FILTkA&LE 256 231 240 174 425 16.0 ggg g WOO 38 de o o ' ~
| |
| D 'iD T 9 o J _ & Jt A
| |
| | |
| 35 Table A-15. Physicochemical data coil eted at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, Novembe. 1978.
| |
| SbES DATE 2 NOV 9 h0V 16 WOV 22 HCV 28 WOV TIME 1330 1320 1330 1340 1300 RIVEk LEV EL(M ABOVE hSL) 144.85 148 .58 148.49 148.67 148.73 DISCHARGE (M3/S) 170 99 79 121 137 T EMP E kATU kE (C)
| |
| AID 14.0 12.0 9.0 4.0 3.0 HATER 9.5 9.5 9.5 6.5 3.0 h eat hE R SUhNY SuhNY P.CLOUCY OVEECAST OVERCAST MEAN SE SECCBI DISC (CM) 82 100 140 140 153 127 14.7 TU RBIDITY (NT U) 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.6 3.4 5.7 0.6 OXYG EN D1590LV 4D (MG/ L) 10.90 10.85 10.30 10.85 1 2. 50 11.08 0.339 PE6CLNT SATchATIOh 96 95 91 89 92 93 1.2 TOT AL ALE AL1h1TY( MG/L) 52 58 63 60 56 58 1.7 Ph 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.4 0.03 SPEL1FIC 00hDUCT ANLE 12.7 AT 25 Clu MHOS/CM) 229 28 1 310 290 2 54 274 SU LF AT E (MG /L ) 43 69 59 40 36 49 5.7 1 kOh (MG/L) 0.081 TOTAL 1.63 1.90 2.07 1.75 1.59 1.79 DISSOLVED 0.98 1.10 0.94 1.11 1.08 1.04 0.031 PEkCENT DISSOLVED 60 58 45 63 68 59 3.5 h1SIDU E (MG/L)
| |
| FJTAL 154 202 208 179 164 181 9.6 FI1ED TJTAL 118 144 154 137 118 1 34 6.5 hohPILTkABLE in 6 4 4 2 5 1.2 FILTkABLE 144 178 188 158 170 168 7.0 BELL BEND LATE 2 NOV 9 NOV 16 h0 V 22 kOV 28 h0V TIME 1345 1330 1345 1355 1310 TE MP E kATU RE (C )
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| AID 14.0 12.0 9.0 4.0 3.0 HATER 9.5 9.5 9.5 6.5 3.0 hEATHEk SUhNY SubNY P. CLOUDY OVERCAST OVERCAST MEAN SE SECCh1 DISC (CM) 82 99 120 14 2 173 123 14.6 TUpsIDITY(NTU) 6.7 7.1 6.1 5.6 3.7 5.8 0.5 OXYGLN DIS 93 LV ED I MG/L) 11.00 10.80 10.20 10.80 12.40 11.04 0.334 F E bCENT EATLhATIOh 97 95 90 89 92 93 1.4 TOTAL ALEALINITY(MG/L) 53 58 62 59 56 58 1.4 Ph 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.3 7. 4 0.04 SPECIFIC CDhDUCT# NCE AT 25 C(uMHOS/CM) 225 279 310 290 2 58 272 13.1 SU LF AT E (MG/L) 38 69 59 38 34 48 6.3 1 RON (MG/L)
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| TO TAL 1.73 2 . 04 2.05 1.75 1.75 1.86 0.068 DIS SOLV ED 0.92 1.05 1.04 1.13 1.10 1.05 0.033 PEk(LhT DISSOLbED 53 51 51 65 63 57 2.8 9151DU E (MG/L)
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| TOTAL 152 192 2 D6 180 169 180 8.3 F1KED TOTAL 116 140 153 143 118 134 6.6 12 9 6 4 4 7 1.4 NOhFILTRABLE FIL TRAB LE 146 167 191 162 170 167 6.6 W() NG033
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| 36 Table A-16. Physicochemical data col ected at s**S and Bell Eend on the Susquehanna River. December 1978 S SE S DATE 5 DEC 12 DEC 19 EEC 27 DEC TIME 1250 1340 1255 1305 RIVER LEVEL (M A bOVE MSL) 148.73 14 9.71 149.04 148.89 DISchAkGL(M 3/S) 137 498 229 182 1EMPE hATUkE LC)
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| AIR 6.5 2.5 -2.5 -1.5 HATER 4.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 HEAT hE h P. CLOUDY P . CLOUDY P. CLOUDY P.CLOLDY MEAN SE SECCHI DISC (CM s 128 41 154 158 1 20 24. 4 TU EB ID IT Y ( hTU ) 4.9 18 4.6 4.8 8.1 3. 0 CXYGEN DIS 90LVLD(MG/L) 12, 12.95 13.35 ;3.60 1J.06 0.244 PLkCEhT SATU hATION 9s 94 92 9" 94 0. 4 TDIAL AL KALIu1TY( MG/L) 54 44 44 46 47 2.1 Ph 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.3 7. 3 0.04 2 ECIFIC C0hDUCTAhCE AT 2 5 C (L MdOS/CM) 271 186 199 2 20 219 16.7 bu LF AT E (MG /L ) 50 44 40 34 37 4.9 thDN(MGAL)
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| TOTAL 1.53 2 . 30 1.27 1.36 1.62 0.210 DISSOLV ED 1.08 0. 30 0.90 0.91 0.60 0.153 FEhCENT DIS SOLVED 71 13 71 67 56 12.7 hE SIDU E (MG/L)
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| TO T AL 164 160 123 134 145 8.9 flXED TOTAL 111 130 e5 104 Its 8.3 NOhFIL T kAB LE 5 40 3 4 13 8.1 FILTkAbLE 162 1 28 120 117 132 9.3 BELL BEND L AT E 5 DEC 12 CEC 19 DEC 27 DEC TIME 1300 1350 1305 1315 T EMP LkA10 kE (C)
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| Alk 6.5 2.5 -2.5 -1.5 HAT ER 4.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 hLAThEH P.CLOULY P . CLOUDY P . CLOUDY P. CLOUDY MEAN SL ELLCHI LISC(LM) 133 41 150 162 122 24.6 TU kBID IT Y (BTU ) 5.2 18 4.6 4.7 8.1 2.9 CXYG Eh DI S SO LV ED (MG/L ) 12.35 12.90 13.40 13.60 1 3.06 0 . 2 50 1.hCLh1 SATURATICN 94 93 93 95 94 0.4 TOTAL ALKALIh1TY(MG/L) 54 44 44 46 47 2.1 Ph 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.3 0.02 SPECIFIC CCADUCTAhCE AT 25 C Q MMOS/CM) 2 70 187 199 219 219 16.4 SL L F AT E (MG/L) 50 24 37 37 37 4.7 I NC h ( MG/L)
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| TOT AL 1.60 2.31 1.31 1.40 1,66 0.203 DIS SDLV E D 1.10 0.26 0.91 0.85 0.78 0.162 PEbCEhT DISSOLVED 69 11 69 61 53 12.5 kE SIDU E (MG/L) 10T AL 167 165 132 135 150 8.4 FIXED TOTAL 126 124 96 106 113 6.5 hoh P I LT kAB LE 5 41 4 5 14 8.1 FILT kAB LE 166 122 118 106 128 11.7 970040
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| Table A-17. Minimum, maximum, monthly weighted mean, and standard error for each physicochemical parameter measured at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
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| SSES BELL BEND PAhAM E TSR MINIMUM MAX 1 MUM MEA N SE MIN IMU M MAXIMUM MEAN SE S E CCill DISC (CM) 10 178 68 10.9 10 179 67 10.8 TURBIDITY (h1U) 3 100 16 3. 0 4 88 16 2.8 OXYGEN DI S SO LV ED (MG/L) 5.9G 13.80 9.89 1. 04 6 5.70 13.90 9.89 1.053 PERCEh1 bA1URAT10h 69 133 90 8.4 66 133 90 8.4 TOTAL ALKALINITY (MG/L) 20 74 49 5. 3 20 74 50 5.4 PH 6.6 8.4 6.8 0.62 6.6 8.4 6.8 0.62 SPECIFIC COhbUCTANCE w AT 25 C(pMh0S/CN) 90 437 254 31.6 95 435 2 54 31.8 N SULEATE(hG/L) 12 138 52 b.2 12 143 51 8.2 IkOS TUI' AL ( AG / L ) 1.11 6.75 2.20 0.269 1.01 6.97 2.19 0.270 LI S SO LV EL (MG /L) 0.08 2.15 0.63 0 . 14 3 0.04 2.07 0.62 0.138 PEhCEh1 LISSOLV ED 3 8/ 31 6.7 3 81 30 6.5 RESIDUL(MG/L)
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| TOTAL 106 349 191 22.7 107 366 192 23.2 FIXED TOTAL 80 314 142 16.5 74 332 14 1 16.5 NON F I L1hAB LE 2 252 25 7.0 2 270 26 7.3 FIL1hABLE 61 342 163 21.6 55 336 163 21.9 (O
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| M C
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| C A
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| p
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| | |
| 38 Table A-18. Diel physicochemical data collected at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
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| RIVER LEVEL TEMP ERATURE (C) DISSOLVED DATE TIME (M ABOVE MSL) AIR WATER OXYGEN (MG/L) PH 2400 149.71 9.5 10.5 10.60 7.3 0300 149.68 7.5 10.5 10.70 7.3 0600 149.68 6.0 10.5 10.80 7.3 0900 149.65 7.5 10.5 10.80 7.3 26 APRIL 1200 149.62 10.5 11.0 10.80 7.4 1500 149.62 11.5 11.0 10.75 7.4 1800 149.59 9.0 11.0 10.60 7.4 2100 149.59 8.0 11.0 10.60 7.4 2400 149.56 6.0 11.0 10.45 7.4 2400 149.62 14.0 17.0 9.70 7.2 0300 149.59 14.0 17.0 9.60 7.2 0600 149.56 14.5 17.0 9.60 7.2 0900 149.56 15.0 17.0 9.80 7.2 24 MAY 1200 149.56 15.0 17.0 9.80 7.2 1500 149.56 15.5 17.0 9.70 7.3 1800 149.53 15.5 16.5 9.60 7.2 2100 149.53 15.5 16.5 9.60 7.2 2400 149.53 15.0 16.5 9.40 7.2 2400 148.82 20 .0 22.5 9.10 7.4 0300 148.82 19.0 22.5 8.80 7.4 0600 148.85 19.0 22.5 8.20 7.4 0900 148.85 20.0 22.5 8.60 7.4 22 JUNE 1200 148.85 20.0 23.0 9.60 7.6 1500 148.85 21.5 23.5 10.60 7.8 1800 148.85 23.0 23.5 10.90 8.1 2100 148.85 18.0 23.5 10.35 7.9 2400 148.85 15.5 23.0 9.75 7.7 2400 148.34 19.0 25.0 6.80 7.5 0300 148.34 18.0 25.0 6.40 7.3 0600 148.34 18.0 25.0 5.80 7.3 0900 148.34 19.0 25.5 7.00 7.3 26 JULY 1200 148.34 20.0 26,0 8.20 7.4 1500 148.34 20.0 26.0 8.40 7.6 1800 148.34 21.5 26.5 8.60 7.5 2100 148.34 21.0 26.5 8.20 7.5 2400 148.34 20.5 26.0 7.55 7.5 2400 148.37 17.0 24.0 8.00 7.4 0300 148.37 15.5 23.5 7.80 7.4 0600 148.37 16.0 23.0 7.40 7.4 0900 148.37 20.0 24.0 8.35 7.5 23 AUGUST 1200 148.37 22.0 25.0 9.10 7.6 1500 148.34 25.0 25.5 10.60 7.9 1800 148.34 24.0 26.0 10.50 8.0 2100 148.34 24.0 26.0 9.30 7 2400 148.34 18.0 25.0 7.50 M.7,jd.Q 2400 148.61 12.5 18.0 8.70 7.5 0300 148.61 8 .0 17.5 8.60 7.5 0600 148.58 6.5 17.5 8.30 7.6 0900 148.58 8.5 18.0 8.60 7.5 26 SEPTEMBER 1200 148.58 13.0 19.0 9.30 7.6 1500 148.58 15.0 19.0 9.90 7.6 1800 148.58 18.5 18.5 10.10 7.7 2100 148.55 9.0 18.0 9.35 7.6 2400 148.55 8.0 17.5 8.80 7.5
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| 39 Table A-19. Physicochemical data collected f rom the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna $ES Biological 1.aboratory by the Pennsylvania Power and Light Company Hazleton, Pennsylvania, 1978.
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| Sample member 175 176 177 178 1 79 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 Date 16 Jan 15 Feb 6 Mar 10 Apr 2 May 12 Jun 10 Jul 7 Aug 11 Sep 9 Oct 6 Nov 5 Dec fina 0955 1425 1335 1310 0910 1330 1252 1226 1322 1230 1252 1323 River temperature (F) 32 32 33.8 41.9 51.8 71.6 78.3 75.2 68.0 56.3 $1.8 37.8 Color (Pt-Co units) 40.5 58.1 73.0 36.5 55.4 60.8 67.6 39.2 40.5 56 . 7 62.1 54.0 Turbidire (PTU) 11.0 5.5 8.8 17.0 8.7 12.0 15.0 11.0 8.5 9.1 4.7 4.8 pH at 25 C 7. 4 7. 3 7.3 7.2 7.7 8.3 8.3 7.7 7.4 7.6 7. 5 7. 5 Specific conductance et 25 C 165 260 325 lu 265 255 380 335 415 360 260 275 (unhos/ca)
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| Analysis (call) uapended mat ter 11.2 3. 2 1.9 28.6 4.3 24.5 6.5 12.2 6.5 8.0 4.2 4.2 Asunonia nitrogen (as N) 0.30 0.47 0.65 0.17 0.20 0.26 0.17 0.21 0.25 0.28 0.7 0.57 Nitrate nitrogen (as N) 0.97 1.06 1.13 0.74 0.57 0.36 0.41 0.21 0.42 0.63 0 49 0.83 Phenolphthalein alkalinity (as CACO 3) -- -- -- - - - 2.4 - - - -- --
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| Methyl orange alkalinity (as CACO ) 35 53 62 28 54 52 65 64 62 64 52 53 3
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| Total hardness (as CACO3 ) 66.5 101.2 127.4 48.3 96.9 97.4 140.9 124.7 160.2 138.7 100.6 101.4 Total dissolved solide at 10 3 C. 107.0 158.2 200.8 82.0 148.6 149.4 2 38.4 190.4 273.2 232.8 159.8 164.0 Loss on ignition 31.0 46.0 55.6 28.8 44.2 49.6 61.6 68.0 75.2 78.8 50.4 49.6 Silicon dioalde ($102) 4.74 s.5 3.' 3.83 0.80 0.51 2.23 0.97 2.17 0.57 1.08 1.43 Calve (Ca) 19.5 29.3 36.0 14.7 28.4 28.1 38.1 34.4 41.7 39.0 28.9 29.2 Magnes 1ue (Ms) 4.3 6.8 9.1 2.8 6.3 6.6 11.1 9.4 13.6 10.0 6.9 6.9 Sodita (Na) 5.9 8.3 11.4 4.9 7.4 9.2 12.4 14.4 15.9 14.7 9.9 11.7 Potassism (K) 1.4 1.4 1.85 1.A0 1.2 1.57 1.79 1.97 2.32 1.87 1.84 1.56 Carbona te (CO3 ) -- -- - - - -- 2.4 - - - - --
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| Bicarbons.e (HCO3) 42.7 64.7 75.6 34.2 65.9 63.4 7a.4 78.1 75.6 78.1 63.4 64.7 Sulfate (50 4) iO 7 50.0 63.8 20.7 47.2 46.5 74.5 58.2 91.6 67.0 46.2 45.8 Chloride (C1) 8.5 10.9 15.2 6.7 10.3 12.1 14.6 20.6 21.2 18.8 11.5 16.4 Nitrate (NO 3) 4.30 4.7 5.04 3.28 2.50 1.60 1.25 0.92 1.84 2.80 2.60 3.70 Phosphate (PO4 ) 0.15 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.06 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.28 0.22 0.24 Total mineral solide 122.1 180.9 221.7 93.0 170.1 169.6 232.9 219.0 266.1 232.9 172.3 181.6 Dissolved oxygen (0 2) 13.4 15+ 14.2 13.6 10.4 11.9 9.8 9.0 9.2 12.3 14.8 14.4 Icn Analysis (me/1)
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| Positive ions Calcium (Ca) 0.97 1.46 1. 80 0.73 1.42 1.40 1.90 1.72 2.08 1.95 1.44 1.46 Maaneettan (Mg) 0.35 0.56 0.75 0.23 0.52 0.54 0.91 0.77 1.12 0.82 0.57 0.57 Sodium (Na) 0.26 0.36 0.49 0.21 0.32 0.40 0.54 0.63 0.69 0.64 0.43 0.51 Potassitan (K) 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 Total 1.62 2.42 3.09 1.21 2.29 2.38 3.40 3.17 3.95 3.46 2.49 2.58 Negative ions Carbonate (CO3 ) -- - - - -- --
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| 0.08 - - -- -- -
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| Bicarbonate (HCO3) 0. 70 1.06 1.24 0.56 1.08 1.04 1.22 1.28 1.24 1.28 1.04 1.06 Sulfate (SO4 ) 0.64 1.04 1.33 0.43 0.98 0.97 1.55 . 21 1.91 1.39 0.96 0.95 Chloride (Cl) 0.24 0.31 0.43 0.19 0.29 0. 34 0.41 0.58 0.60 0.53 0.32 0.46 Nitrate (NO3) 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.06 Pheephate (PO4 ) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trace Trace Trace 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Total 1.65 2.49 3.08 1.23 2. 39 2. 38 3.28 3.08 3.78 3.26 2.37 2.54 Trace Metal Analysis (et/1)
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| Iron (Fe), total 1.32 1.84 2.32 1.37 1.60 1.77 1.07 1.63 0.06 76 1.62 1.43 Iron (Fe), dissolved 0.75 1.04 0. 34 0.20 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.86 0.75 Altaninum ( A1), total 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Altminum (A1), dissolved 0.1 0.2 a.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0. :
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| Manganese (Mn), total , 0.19 0.31 0.50 0.13 0.28 0.27 0.39 0.38 0.56 0 . 39 0.33 0.30 Manganese (Mn), dissolved 0.19 0.31 0.49 0.08 0.24 0.13 0.29 0.23 0.50 0. 34 0.33 0.27 Copper (Cu), total 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Copper (Cu), dissolved 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0 00 Zine (Zn), total 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.01 E.ac (Zn), dissolved 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 Nickel (N1), total 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 Nickel (31), dissolved 0.0_1 0.0 3, , 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0 1
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| 'I O 6bI g#qp" O
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| O -
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| r w li s ~ I}
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| . _a
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| 40 sas.titi cesssins _____
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| i SUSQUEH ANN A STEAM ELECTRIC ST ATION as O s su sout w Ann A sEs LIf fli SSES O\ \
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| ss
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| \\
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| ss
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| 's's
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| ~ ~~-
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| 810 L O GIC AL e LA80RATORY A rithatlIPit Chilt
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| \ \
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| s 181 A81_
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| <A lista Atil N
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| NOR7H SAMPLING SITES A
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| O enysic0csEuic At A ALG AE O BE NTHIC M ACROlhvERT E BR ATE 7 ggg g ,g t O
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| 90 0 300 METERS BELL BEND SUSQUEHANNA
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| ;VER W ape alt 0 Pit Celit sio w Fig. A-1. Physicochemical, algae, and benthic macroinvertebrate sampling sites at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River,1978.
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| i.e0 41 FLOW m
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| soo-(
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| \
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| D
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| 35-TEMPERATURE o is .
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| -i , , , , . > >
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| es-pH rs-a st-- , ,
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| i i . i '
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| 700-h SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE s
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| M o ***-
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| I E
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| 100 i i i i I TURBIDITY a
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| b- aao.
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| z J A J 0 J A J 0 A J 0 J A J 0 J A J 0 J A J 0 J A 8 0 J 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 IS77 1978 370045 Fig. A-2. Trends in monthly mean values of flow, temperature, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity in the Susquehanna River near the Susquehanna SES from 1972 through 1978.
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| | |
| 42 1.
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| DISSOLVED OXYGEN J
| |
| IS<
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| 0 E
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| I ,
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| i , , i : ,
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| OO-TOTAL ALK A LINIT Y
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| .J A0 O
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| E O , , , , , , ,
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| 250-SULFATE
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| .=f 125-O E
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| Oe , , , , , , ,
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| 12 =
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| TOTAL IRON
| |
| _J N
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| g 4-E
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| _J 0 , , , , , , ,
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| 4a DIS S OL V ED IRON J
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| N O
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| E l
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| J A J U J A J 0 J A J 0 A J 0 J A J 0 J A J 0 A J 0 J 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 Fig. A-3. Trends in monthly mean concentrations of dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, sulfate, total iron, and dissolved iron in the Susquehanna River near the Susquehanna SES from 1972 through 1978 37004G
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| 43 ALGAE by Andrew J. Gurzynski and William F. Gale TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT............................................................. 46 INTRODUCTION......................................................... 46 PROCEDURES........................................................... 47 RES ULTS AND DI S CUS S ION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Periphyton...................................................... 49 Phytoplankton................................................... 51 RE FER ENC E S C I TE D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 LIST OF TABLES Table B-1. Mean densities (units /mm') of periphytic algae in three replicates from bimonthly (submerged for 2 months) plates at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978............ 55 Table B-2. Mean . . . at Bell Bend . . . 1978....................... 56 Table B-3. Mean densities (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in three replicates from cumulative (submerged for 10 months) plates at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978............ 57 Table B-4. Mean . . . at Bell Bend . . 19 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8
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| !NOO47
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| 44 Page Table B-5. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged for 2 months) samples at SSES on the Susouehanna River, 14 Februa ry 19 78. . . . . . 59 Table 3-6. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 13 Feb ruary 19 78. . . . . . . 59 Table B-7. Percent . . . a t SS ES . . . 13 April 1978.............. 60 Table B-8. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 14 April 1978.......... 60 Table B-9. Percent . . . at SSES . . . 15 June 1978................ 61 Table B-10. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 14 June 1978........... 62 Table B-11. Percent . . . at SSES . . . 15 August 1978............. 63 Table B-12. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 16 August 1978........ 64 Table B-13. Percent . . . at SSES . . . 16 October 1978............ 65 Table B-14. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 16 October 19 7 8. . . . . . . 6 6 Table B-15. Percent . . . at SSES . . . 14 December 1578........... 67 Table B-16. Fercent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 14 December 19 78. . . . . . 67 Table B-17. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 14 February 1978........ 68 Table B-18. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 15 February 1978...... 68 Table B-19. Percent . . . at SSES . . . 13 Ap ril 19 78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Table B-20. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 14 April 1978......... 69 Table B-21. Percent . . . at SSES . . . 15 June 19 78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Table B-22. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 14 June 19 78. . . . . . . . . . 71 Table B-23. Percent . . . at SSES . . . 15 August 1978............. 72 Table B-24. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 16 August 1978........ 73 Table B-25. Percent . . . at SSES . . . 16 Oc tob e r 19 78. . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Table B-26. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . 16 October 1978....... 75 Table B-27. Percent . . . at SSES . . . 14 December 1978........... 76 Table B-28. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 14 December 1978....... 77 S70048
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| 45 Page Table B-29. Periphyton species composing at least 5% of the total units counted in samples at two stations on the Susquehanna River, 1978................................ 78 Table B-30. Percent total and density (units /ml) of phytoplankton in bimonthly samples (indicated by date and collection number) at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978......... 79 Table B-31. Percent . . . at Bell Bend . . . 1978................. 80 Table B-32. Phytoplankton species composing at least 5% of the total units counted in samples at two stations on the Susquehanna River, 1978................................ 81 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. B-1. Detritus-free apparatus for periphytic algae studies... 82 Fig. B-2. Standing crop of algae (units /mm") on bimor.thly and cumulative acrylic plates at SSES and Bell Bend in 1977-78............................................... 83 Fig. B-3. River level (meters above mean sea level) at SSES in 1977-78................................................ 84 Fig. B-4. Standing crop of algae (units /ml) from bimonthly samples taken at SSES and Bell Bend in 19 7 7- 7 8. . . . . . . . . 85 3700/19
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| 46 ABSTRACT Periphyton and phytoplankton samples were collected upriver from the Susquehanna SES intake structure (SSES) and downriver from the discharge diffuser (Bell Bend) throughout 1977 and 1978. Diatoms composed 84.5% of the periphyton collected on cumulative and bimonthly plates in 1978. Green algae were second in abundance (14.2%) . Standing crops of periphyton were usually higher at Bell Bend than at SSES.
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| Standing crops of periphyton peaked in October at Bell Bend (5,400 units /mm on the bimonthly plate) and in December at SSES (4,500 units /mm on the cumulative plate). Colonization rates of periphyton on bimonthly plates averaged only 62 and 96 units /mm per sampling period in February and December, respectively. Standing crops of phytoplankton peaked at both stations in June when there was an average of 27,400 units /ml.
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| Diatoms composed 66.3% of the phytoplankton collected. Green algaa was second in abundance (32.8%).
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| INTRODUCTION Algal density in periphyton samples from Susquehanna River stones varied widely in 1973 (Ichthyological Associates 1974) and subsequently, artificial substrates were used to reduce sample variability. Artificial substrates provided a more homogeneous surface for algae to colonize than did river stones. Of five substrates tested in 1974, frosted (sandblasted) acrylic was the most desirable (Gale and Gurzynski 1976) .
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| 3"/0050
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| 47 The primary objective in the 1977-78 study was to describe seasonal changes in the periphyton community colonizing frosted acrylic plates at two stations near the Susquehanna SES (Fig. A-1). One station (SSES) was 463 m upriver from the Susquehanna SES intake structure, 135 m from the west bank; the other (Bell Bend) was 397 m downriver from the discharge diffuser, 30 m from the west bank.
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| PROCEDURES Brass pins fastened acrylic plates (22 x 30 cm) to an acrylic holder (Fig. B-1) on the river bottom. Projections that would catch drif ting detritus were eliminated from the holder. Plates iaced upstream at 5 from horizontal and offered little resistance to the current. The holders were placed near the channel where minimum and maximum water depths ranged from about 2.5 to 6.0 m, respectively. The concrete-filled holder was too bulky for a scuba diver to manipulate in strong currents ad was lowered to the river bottom on a submersible raft (Cale and Th< ion 1974).
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| Steel stakes driven into the substrate held the holder in place. The upriver edge of the holder and the stakes were covered with small stones to prevent fouling by detritus.
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| Eight plates were placed in the holders at each station on 16 December 1976. Three plates were randomly selected for sampling at two-month intervals at each station from February 1977 through December 1978 (Gurzynski and Gale 1978). One of the three plates was a spare that could be sampled if a plate was lost. Three replicate samples were taken from each plate. Slots where 970051
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| 48 plates were removed were filled with clean plates that would be sampled the following period. The remaining five plates provided cumulative samples of 2 to 12 months duration in 1977. In 1978, the cumulative plates were submerged for 10-month intervals. Plates removed for cumulative sar ples were replaced by clean ones to maintain a constant current pattern.
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| A scuba diver collected samples from the plates with a bar-clamp sampler (Cale 1975) . The sampler included a collecting cup which delimited a circular sampling area (415 mm ) and prevented loss of cells while the plate was retrieved from the river and while it was processed in the laboratory.
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| Samples were cleaned by vibration (Cale 1975) with an ultrasonic dental cleaning probe that loosened almost all cells within a few minutes vibration. Dislodged cells were flushed into a collecting jar with water sprayed inside the collecting cup through the cleaning probe. Vibration lasted 10 minutes to reduce the chances of missing any cells. After vibration, the surface of the plate ' lad a " fresh" appearance where the sample was taken. Vibration may have damaged some cells, but tests in which samples were cleaned by: 1) saaping and brushing, and 2) scraping and vibration, more cells per unit area were obtained by the second method.
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| (Gale 1975). Samples were then preserved with formalin and, af ter settling 10 days, were concentrated to 50 ml by siphoning. One half of the concentrate was sent to Dr. Rex L. Lowe, Department of Biology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, for identification and enumeration. The remainder was placed in our reference collection for a 12-month period.
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| 37005?,
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| 49 A 1-liter phytoplankton sample was collected near the river surface at each periphyton sampling station on the same day periphyton samples were collected. The samples were concentrated in the same manner in which the periphyton samples were, except that they were siphoned three times becerse of their greater initial volume.
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| Algal cells in periphyton and phytoplankton samples that contained chloroplasts were enumerated in terms of units (Gale and Lowe 1971). In most inst:inces, at least 1,500 units were enumerated and identified in each sample (about 500/each of 3 subsamples) . Extremely low algal densities in some subsamples made it impractical to count 500 units. Counts were made using a Palmer co;ating cell at 430 X magnificction. Higher magnification, ine,luding electron microscopy, was used for some identifications. Periphyton was identified to genus and the more abundant forms to species using keys by Hustedt (1930) and Prescott (1962).
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| RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Periphyton In 1978, a total of 51 genera of algae was collected in~36 samples from acrylic plates above the intake; 59 genera were collected in samples taken below the discharge. A summary of these data appear in Tables B-1 through B-4; raw data are in Tables B-5 through B-28.
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| Thirty species of algae were identified that composed 5% or more of the total units counted in samples from the two sampling stations (Table B-29). Diatoms occurred in about the same proportions at Bell Bend (84.6%
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| S700a3
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| 50 of the total) and at SSES (84.3% of the total) . Overall, diatoms composed 84.5% of the total periphyton at both stations combined. Five species of diatoms that composed over 5% of the total units counted at SSES composed less than 5% of the total at Bell Bend (Table B-29); the reverse was true for three species at Bell Bend. Blue green algae were relatively scarce at both stations, but in December composed over 5% of the total units counted at Bell Bend. One species of blue green, Schicothrix calcicola, was ide::tified at Bell Bend.
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| Most of the algae found were " clean water" forms and only 3 of the abundant species in our samples were among the top 10 species of those tolerating much organic pollution listed by Palmer (1969). These were Nitzschia palea, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Ankistrodesmus falcatus.
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| Only 3 of 24 species of abundant diatoms (Table B-29) were rated as "acidophilous" by Lowe (1974) . Some of the others were rated " indifferent" but most were "alkaliphilous."
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| It is obvious from Fig. B-2 that algal colonization of clean substrates (bimonthly plates) at both stations was extremely slow in winter 1978, as it was in 1977, and averaged only 62 and 96 units /mm per sampling period in February and December, respectively. Diatoms rapidly colonized substrates between April and June as the river warmed. The colonization rate remained high from June through October, 1978. In 1977, colonization had slowed by the October sampling date. The high colonization rate in October 1978 may have re ulted from the low river levels (Fig. B-3) . Currents associated with high river levels scour much of the periphyton from the substrate (Gale et al. 1976).
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| S70054
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| 51 In 1978, as in 1977, algal density at Bell Bend was usually higher 2
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| than at SSES. In 1978, there was an average of 350 algal units /mm on bimonthly acrylic plates and 1,240 units /tn on cumulative acrylic plates at SSES. Densities at Bell Bend were somewhat higher with an average of 1,450 alga 1 units /mm on bimonthly plates and 1,230 units /mm on cumulative plates.
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| In 1978, the overall standing crop of algae at both stations were higher than those encountered at the same sites in 1977. There was a major difference in when peak densities occurred (Fig. B-2). In 1977, very high algal densities occurred in June and August samples, whereas in 1978, the standing crop did not peak until October at Bell Bend (5,400 units /mm on the bimonthly plate) and December at SSES (4,500 units /mm on the cumulative plate). The high standing crop on cumulative plates in December was unusual and probebly occurred because of the unusually low river flow in autumn (Fig. B-3) . High river flows usually occur sometime in October or November (Fig. A-2) and scour most of the algae from the substrate before the December sampling date.
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| Phytoplankton Phytoplankton in samples collected at SSES was nearly identical to that in samples taken at Bell Bend (Fig. B-4) . There was a total of 49 genera of algae in 6 samples at SSES and 48 genera in 6 samples from Bell Bend (Tables B-30 and B-31) .
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| 370055
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| 52 Nineteen species of algae were identified that composed 5% or more of the total units counted in samples from the two sampling stations (Table B-32) . Overall, diatoms were the most abundant type c' algae at bori stations and composed 66.3% of the total algal units counted. Two species of diatoms (Chelotella scclligera and Cymbella minuta) that composed over 5% of the total units at SSES composed less than 5% of the total at Bell Bend (Table B-32); the reverse was true for two species
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| (!!alcaire distans and Navicula cryptocephala var. veneta) at Bell Bend.
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| In June and August, green algae was abundant at both sites (Fig. B-4) and composed 43.2% of the total standing crop. Similar trends were obse rved ir summer, 19 72-73 (Ichthyologit.a1 Associates 19 74) . Overall, green algae composed 32.8% of the total cigal units counted in 1978.
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| Most of the algae found were " clean water" forms and only 2 of the abundant species were listed by Palmer (1969) in tae top 10 species of those tolerating much organic pollution. These were Hitaschia palca and Scencdescus quadricaula. Only one of the species of abundant diatoms were rated as "acidophilous" by Lowe (1974). Some were rated "indif ferent" but most were "alkaliphilous."
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| Standing crops of phytoplankton were low in February and April but increased by about 26-fold to the season's high in June when there was an average of 27,400 phytoplankton units /ml at the two sites. The standing crop at SSES in June was 28,400 units /ml; at Bell Bend it was 26,500 units /ml.
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| Such small differences probably reflect normal sampling variability. The standing crop at both stations remained fairly high throughout the summer and did not decline sharply until December.
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| WOO 5G
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| 53 REFERENCES CITED Gale, W. F. 1975. Ultrasonic removal of epilithic algae in a bar-clamp sampler. J. Phycol. 11: 472-473.
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| and A. J. Gurzynski. 1976. Pe riphy ton. Pages 48-122 in T. V.
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| Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 19 75) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
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| and R. L. Lowe. 1971. Phytoplankton ingestion by the fingernail clam, Sphaevita transversta (Say), in Fool 19, Mississippi River.
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| Ecology 52: 507-513.
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| and J. D. Thompson. 1974. Aids to bentbic sarpling by scuba divers in rivers. Limnol. Oceanogr. 19: 1004-1007.
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| , T. V. Jacobsen, and K. M. Smith. 1976. Iron, and its role in a river polluted by mine ef fluents. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 50:
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| 182-195.
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| Gurzynski, A. J. and W. F. Gale. 1978. Algae. Pages 35-67 in T. V.
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| Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1977) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc. , Berwick, Pa.
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| Hus te d t , F. 1930. Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae) . In A. Pascher (ed.),
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| Die S*dssaacser - Flora Mitteleuropas. Heft 10. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena. viii. 466 pp.
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| Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1974. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Servick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1973) . Pa. Pcwer and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 838 pp.
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| Lowe, R. L. 1974. Environmental requirements and r 'lution tolerance of f reshwater diatoms. Nat. Environ. Res. Cent., et '70/4-74-005.
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| U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 334 .
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| 3700Fi7
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| 54 Palmer, C. M. 1969. A composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution. J. Phycol. 5: 78-82.
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| Patrick, R. and C. W. Reimer. 1975. Diatoms of the United States.
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| Vol. 2, Part 1. Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 213 pp.
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| Prescott, G. W. 1962. Algae of the western Great Lakes area. William C. Brown, Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 977 pp.
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| S70058
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| 55 Table B-1. Mean densities (units /mm ) of periphytic aloae in three replicates from bimonthly (submerged for 2 months) plates at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
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| TAXON 34 FEB 13 APR 15 JUN 15 AUG 16 OCT 14 DEC % TOTAL CHLOROPHYTA ACTINAST RUM 0.0 0.0 2.4 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 AN KISTROD ESMDS 0.0 0.0 12.6 42.1 31.5 0.0 4.1 CHLAMYDOMONAS 0.0 0.0 155.8 1.2 1.6 0.0 7.6 CHOD AT ELLA 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 CLOSTERIUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.1 COELASTRUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 COSMA RIUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.2 CRUCIGENIA 0.0 0.0 3.1 1.6 2.4 0.0 0.3 DICTYOSPHAERIUM 0.0 0.0 5.5 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.4 GOLEN KI NIA 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 KIRCHNERIELLA 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.4 10.2 0.0 0.7 MICRACTINIUM 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.3 P EDI AST RUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 2.4 0.0 0.3 S CENEDESMUS 0.0 0.0 15.7 50. 3 62.9 0.1 6.2 SCHROEDERI A 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.2 SELENASTRUM 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TETRAEDRON 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 TETRASTRUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 1.6 0.0 0.3 TREUB ARI A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 UNIDENTIFIED CHLOROPHYTA 0.0 0.0 11.0 10.6 29.9 0.0 2.5 B ACILLARIO PHYTA ACHNANTHES 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.4 3.9 8.8 0.7 AMPHORA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.1 ASTERION ELLA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 COCCONEIS 0.0 0.0 0.8 10.6 6.3 0.0 0.8 CYCLOTELLA 0.0 0.0 43.3 114 .9 152.6 0.0 14.8 CYN ELIA 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.0 1.6 6.7 0.5 DIATOMA 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.3 FRAGILARI A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.4 0.2 GOMPHONEMA 0.0 2.4 2.4 5.9 9.4 5.9 1. 2 GYROSIGMA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 3.9 0.0 0.2 HANTESOi1A 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MELOSI RA 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.1 1 14.? 1.7 7.0 MERIDION 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 NAVICULA 0.4 2.8 36.2 29.1 284.0 16.9 17.6 NITISCHIA 0.4 2.4 100.7 64.9 51.9 48.5 12.8 PINNULARI A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 RHOICOSPHENIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 STEPHANODISCUS 0.4 0.0 138.5 17.7 184.9 0.8 16.3 SU RI RE LLA 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SYNEDRA 0.0 0.4 30.7 2.0 6.3 3.2 2.0 CYANOPHYTA CHROOCOCCUS 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MICROCYSTIS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.1 OSCILLATO RI A 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 14.9 0.0 0.8 SCH110TH RI K 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.3 0.2 EUGLENO PHYTA DUGLENA 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TRACHE LOMONAS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 S'/0059
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| 56 Table B-2. Mean densities (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in three replicates from bimonthly (submerged for 2 months) plates at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
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| TAXON 13 FEB 14 APR 14 J U N 16 AUG 16 OCT 14 DEC 1 TOTAL CHLOROPHYTA ACTINAST RU M 0.0 0.0 7.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.2 AN KIST RODESMUS 0.0 0.0 65.7 45.1 84.7 0.0 2.3 CERASTERI AS 0. 0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHLAMYDOMONAS 0.0 0.0 221.4 7.3 0.0 0.0 2.6 CHODATELLA 0. 0 0.0 19.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 CLOSTERIUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 COE LAST RU M 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 15.3 0.0 0.2 COS MARIUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.5 0.3 0.0 CHUCIGENIA 0. 0 0.0 0.0 23.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 DICTYOS PHAERIU M 0.0 0.0 19.2 17.4 3.0 0.C 0.5 FRAN CEI A 0. 0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 KIRCHNERIELLA 0.0 0.0 7.5 1.3 32.2 0.0 0.5 MICRACTINIUM 0.0 0.0 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 PEDI AST RU M 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 25.7 0.3 0.4 SCENEDESMUS 0.4 0.0 85.6 123.5 355.3 0.3 6.5 SCHROEDERIA 0. 0 0.0 3.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 SE LENAST RU M 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 ST AU RAST RUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 TET RAEDRON 0. 0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 TET RAST RU M 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 3.0 0.0 0.1 UNIDENTIFIED CHLOh0PhYTA 0. 8 0.0 10.0 33.9 72.3 0.0 1. 3 BACILLARIOPhYTA ACHbANThES 1.2 0.0 0.0 1. 5 3.0 6.9 0.1 AMPh0hA 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.8 0.0 0.7 0.1 AST ERIOh ELLA 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.4 8.9 0.7 0.2 COCCONEIS 2.4 0.0 0.0 55.2 87.9 2.0 1.7 CYCLOT ELLA 2.4 0.0 159.8 2 73. 3 2419.6 0.3 32.9 CYMBELLA 4.3 0.0 17.5 7. 2 18.3 2.7 0.6 CIATOMA 4.3 0.0 3.1 0.8 0.0 2.7 0.1 EPITH EMI A 0. 8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EUNOTIA 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 t RAGI LAhl A 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 5.9 0.2 GOMPh0hEkA 15.3 0.4 21.8 9.7 37.6 11.5 1.1 GYh0 SIGMA 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.9 0.0 0.1 hAhhAEA 0. 0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HAN T Z SCh 1 A 0. 0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 ME LOSI RA 1.6 0.0 5.5 123.1 510.4 4.4 7.4 MEh1DION 5.1 0. 0 6.3 0.8 3.0 0.0 0.2 hAVICULA 37.0 3.1 82.3 73.5 330.9 20.9 6.3 h1TISCbIA 30 . 3 0.0 290.4 202.1 215.8 26.3 8.8 PIhNULARI A 0. 4 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Rh01COSPHENIA 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 ST E PHAh0DI SCUS 0.0 0.0 693.2 148.5 1077.5 0.4 22.1 SU RI bE LLA 3.5 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SYNELRA 5.1 0.4 119.8 11.2 27.5 0.7 1. 9 CYANOPHYTA CHkOOCCCCU S 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 MEh1SMOPEDIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 05CILLA10RIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 58.7 0.0 0.7 SCb1101hh1x 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 CHRYSOPhY1A UNIDENTItIED CHRYSOPhY1A 0.0 0.0 1.2 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EU GLENO PHY1 A UNIDENTIFIED EUGLE NO P HYTA 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370060
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| 57 Table B-3. Mean densities (units /mm2 ) of periphytic algae in three replicates from cumulative (submerged for 10 months) plates at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
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| TAXO N 14 F EB 13 APR 15 JUN 15 AU G 16 OCT 14 DEC t 'IDIAL CHLOROPHYTA ACTINASTRUM 0.0 0.0 3.1 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 ANKISTHODESMUS 0.0 0.0 26.0 40.5 41.8 22.4 1. 8 CHLAMYDOMONAS 0.0 0.0 258 .0 4.7 1.8 0.0 3.6 CHOD AT ELLA 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.1 CLOST ERIUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.5 0.3 COELASTRUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.5 0.0 0.0 COSMA RI UM 0.0 0.0 3.1 1.2 0.9 1.5 0.1 CRU CIGEN I A 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 DICTYOSPHAERIUM 0.0 0.0 3.9 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 ELAEATOTHRIX 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0. 0 0.0 0.0 KI RCHN ERI ELLA 0.0 0.0 2.4 3.5 9.1 10.5 0.3 OOCYSTIS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 P EDI AST RUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 6. 5 1.5 0.2 SCENEDESMUS 0.0 0.0 30 . 7 56.6 96.5 81.5 3.6 SCH RO ED ERI A 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 SELEN A ST RUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 ST AU RAST RUM 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TETRASTRU M 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.7 2.0 0.1 ULOTHRIX 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 UNIDENTIFIED CH LORO PHYT A 0.0 0.0 10.2 23.6 27.6 44.0 1.4 B ACI LLARI OPHYTA ACHN ANTHES 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 12.0 0.2 AMPHORA 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 COCCON EIS 0.0 0.8 2.4 15.3 5.8 46.5 1.0 CYCLOTELLA 0.0 0.4 92.8 97.5 232.0 1 26 .4 7.4 CYMB ELIA 0.0 0.4 4.7 2.4 1.7 122.8 1.8 DI ATO MA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 5.5 2.0 F RAGIL ARI A 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 227.8 3.1 FRUSTULI A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 GOMPHONEMA 0.0 7.9 7.1 5.5 16.0 44.5 1.1 GYRO SIGM A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 3.0 0.1 MELOSIRA 0.0 0.0 7.9 37.8 189.9 213.7 6.1 MERID ION 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 NAVICULA 0.8 6.7 219.5 32.3 3 13.4 1646.9 29.9 NITZSCHI A 0.0 1.6 114.1 86.9 55.4 1392.0 22.3 PINNUL ARI A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 RHOICO SP HE NI A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1. 7 3.5 0.1 ST EPHANODISCUS 0.4 0.0 171.5 56.2 30 5.8 126.4 8.9 SU NI RE LIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.5 0.0 SYN ED RA 0.0 0.0 51. 1 5.9 11.4 153.9 3.0 CYANOPHYTA CHROOCOCCUS 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MERISMOPEDIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 OSCILLATORIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.8 7.5 0.4 SCHIZOTHRIX 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.9 0.7 EUGLENOPHYTA LUCLENA 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370061
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| 58 Table B-4. Mean densities (unit /mm ) of periphytic algae in three replicates from cumulative (submerged for 10 months) plates at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
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| TAXO N 13 FEB 14 APR 14 JUN 16 AUG 16 OCT 14 DEC % TOTAL CHLOROPHYTA ACTINASTRUM 0. 0 0.0 3.6 2.4 2.0 0.0 0.1 ANKISTROCESMUS 0. 0 0.0 58.8 57.8 41.7 6.7 2.2 CE RAST ERI AS 0. 0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHLAMYDOMOhAS 0.0 0.0 97.7 7.5 0.0 0.0 1.4 CHODATELLA 0. 0 0.0 13.1 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 CLOST ERIUM 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.1 COELAST RU M 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 13.3 0.0 0.2 COSKARIUM 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 CRUCIGENIA 0. 0 0.0 1.6 23.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 DICTYOSPHAERIUM 0.0 0.0 2.4 16.5 3.3 0.0 0.3 KI RCH NER1ELLA 0.0 0.0 7.3 2.0 4.3 1.5 0.2 MICRACTINIUM 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OOCYSTIS 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PAN DO RINA 0. 0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 PEDI AST RU M 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 15.3 0.0 0.3 QUADRIGUIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 S CEN EDES MUS 0.8 0. 0 68.4 114.1 202.5 12.0 5.4 SELENASThUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 ST AU RAST RUM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 TETRAEDRON 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.4 3.9 0.0 0.1 TETR4ST RUM 0.0 0.0 0.8 3.5 1.7 0.0 0.1 UNIDENTIFIED CHLORO PHYT A 0.4 0.0 13.2 35.4 35.5 14.2 1. 3 BACI LLARIO PHYTA ACHNANTHES 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.2 4.3 14.9 0.3 AMP HO RA 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.4 0.0 1.5 0.1 AST ERIOh ELLA 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 COCCONE15 1.2 0.0 2.0 12.6 41.1 27.8 1.1 CYCLOTELLA 4.3 0.4 181.8 210.0 809.9 67.9 17.2 CYMB ELIA 7.1 0.4 23.2 3.1 7.6 41.4 1.1 DIATOMA 0.8 0.4 1.6 0.0 4.0 77.1 1.1 EPITPEMIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 EUNOTI A 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 F RAGIL ARI A 3.9 0.0 0.0 2.4 28.4 1. 5 0.5 FRU STU LI A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 GOMP HON EMA 14.9 2.0 7.3 3.1 34.6 35.2 1. 3 GY RO SIGM A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 1. 5 0.1 MELOSI RA 0.0 0.0 16.0 59.0 380.3 22.5 6.4 MERID70N 2.0 0.0 1.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 NAVIC LA 39.3 9.0 170.8 34.6 194.7 748.2 16.2 NITESCHIA 33.4 1.6 265.5 101.1 154.0 718.1 17.2 PINNULARI A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 RHOICOSPHENIA 2.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 6.0 11.2 0.3 RHOPALODI A 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ST EPHANODISCU S 0.8 0.0 520.0 89.7 808.9 64.0 20.0 SU RI RE LIA 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.8 0.1 SYNED RA 5.1 1.2 93.0 6.7 6.8 36.8 2.0 TABELLARIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 CYANOPHYTA ANABAENA 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHROOCOCCUS 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 GOMPHOSPHAERIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 MERISN PEDIA 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 MICBOCYSTIS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 OSCILLATCRI A 0.4 0.0 3.9 0.0 72.4 0.0 1.0 SCHI ZOTH RIX 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 78.3 1.1 CHRYSOPHYTA DINOBYRON 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EUGLENOPHYTA TRACHELOMONAS 0.0 0.0 1.2 0. 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 RDODOPHYTA RHO DOCHORTON 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0
| |
| | |
| 59 Table B-5. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 14 February 1978. Replicates are indicate.2 L collection number.
| |
| TAXON AJ G-7 8-011 AJ G-76-012 AJC-78-013 MEAN 1 TOTAL BACILLARIOPHYTA N AVICU LA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 33.3 blTZSCHIA 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 33.3 STEPHANODISCU S 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 33.3 TOTAL 0.0 1.2 2.4 1.2 Table B-6. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 13 February 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON AJ G-78-0 03 M G-78-0 0 4 AJG-78-005 MEAN 4 TOTAL CHLOROFhYTA /
| |
| SCENECESMUS 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0. 3 UNID ENTIFIED CHLOROFHYTA 2.4 0. 0 0.0 0.8 0.6 BACILLARIOPhYTA AChN ANT hE S 2.4 1. 2 0.0 1.2 1. 0 ASTERIONELLA 2.4 4.7 4.7 3.9 3.2 COCCDN EIS 4.7 1.2 1.2 2.4 1.9 CYCLOTELLA 0.0 5.9 1.2 2.4 1.9 CYMBELLA 7.1 3.5 2.4 4.3 3.5 DIATOMA 4.7 1.2 7.1 4.3 3.5 EPITHEMIA 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.8 0.6 EU NOTI A 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.3 FRAGI LARI A 0.0 4.7 2.4 2.4 1.9 GOMPh0 NEMA 14.2 15.3 16.5 15.3 12.5 MELOSIEA 4.7 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.3 MERIDION 1.2 5.9 8.3 5.1 4.2 NAVICULA 27.1 43.7 40.1 37.0 30. 2 h1TZSCHIA 33.0 29.5 28.3 30.3 24.8 PINNULARIA 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 Rh01CDSPHENI A 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.3 SU RI bE LLA 2.4 3.5 4.7 3.5 2.9 S YN ED RA 2.4 10.6 2.4 5.1 4.2 EUGLENOPEYTA U NID ENTIFIED Et GLENOPHYTA 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 TOTAL 112.1 134.5 120.4 122.3 370063
| |
| | |
| 60 Table B-7. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 13 April 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXOh AJG-78-019 AJ G-78-0 20 AJG-78-021 MEAN % TOTAL BACILLARIOP HYTA GOMPh0 HEMA 3.5 2.4 1.2 2.4 15.4 hah 1Z SCh 1 A 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 2.6 htk1D10h 0.0 15.3 1. 2 5.5 35.9 hAVICULA 4.7 1.2 2.4 2.8 17.9 h11ZSCHIA 3.5 2.4 1.2 2.4 15.4 SU RI RELLA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 2.6 SY NLD RA 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.6 C 2 ANOPhYT A OSCIL LA10RI A 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.1 Sch1ZOThRIX 0.0 0 1.2 0.4 2.6 TO1 AL 15.3 23.6 7.1 15.3 Table B-8. Iercent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 14 April 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXOh AJG-78-0 27 AJ G-7 8-0 28 AJG-78-029 MEAN % TOTAL bACILLAhlOPHYTA GOMPh0NLMA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 10.0 hAVICULA 2.4 3. 5 3.5 3.1 80.0 SYhEDhA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 10.0 TOTAL 2.4 5.9 3.5 3.9 0
| |
| W d Ju om U]
| |
| f Q}Q000 ald-~ L _a
| |
| | |
| 61 Table B-9. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 15 Jna 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXCh AJ G-78-04 3 AJ G-78-04 4 AJ G-78-0 4 5 MEAN t TOTAL CrtLOh0PetY1 A ACT1hASTIU M 2.4 0.0 4.7 2.4 0.4 AN h1ST bODESMUS 2.4 4.7 30.7 12.6 2.2 CHLAMYDOMONAS 18.9 120.4 328.0 155.8 26.9 Ch0D AT ELLA 2.4 0.0 2.4 1.6 0.3 ChDCIGENIA 0.0 0.0 9.4 3.1 0.5 DICTYO bPHAERIU M 0.0 0.0 16.5 5.5 1.0 GCL Lh KINI A 0.0 0.0 4.7 1.6 0.3 KlhChhhhILLLA 2.4 2.4 4.7 3.1 0.5 AICRACTINIUM 0.0 0.0 16.5 5.5 1.O SCLhtDESMUS 4.7 4.7 37.8 15.7 2.7 bChbOLLLhlA 0.0 0.0 9.4 3.1 0.5 S ELENAST MJ M 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 Uh1D EN11t ILD ChbCEOPhYTA 2.4 2.4 28.3 11.0 1.9 bAC ILLAR10P HY1A AChhAhThES 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 COCCON LIS 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 CiCLOTELLA 35.4 4.7 89.7 43.3 7.5 CiMBELLA 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 LIA10MA 0.0 4.7 0.0 1.6 0.3 GOMPh0hthA 2.4 0.0 4.7 2.4 0.4 hAVICULA 42.5 14.2 51.9 36.2 6.2 h1TZSch 1 A 61.4 21.2 219.5 100.7 17.4 SILPhANODISCUS 33.0 37.8 344.6 138.5 '3.9 SYNEDRA 0.0 14. 2 77.9 30.7 5.3 CYAtOPhYTA Chh00COCOJS 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 EUGLENOPhY1A LUGLENA 0.0 0.0 2.4 0. 8 0.1 TOTAL 212.4 231.3 1293.3 57 9.0 fD D
| |
| bdA my
| |
| - <de 065 m _ _ -
| |
| ,o , 'iD 1 3 o Jb _ El _ JL _a
| |
| | |
| 62 Table B-10. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 14 June 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON AJ G-78-03 5 AJ G-78-0 3 6 AJG-78-037 MEAN % TOTAL CHLOROFHYTA ACTINAST14J M 7.3 2.4 11.8 7.2 0.4 ANh1STh0DESMUS 84.0 70.8 42.5 65.7 3.5 CERAST Ekl AS 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.0 CHLAMYDOMONAS 270.1 151.0 243.1 221.4 11.9 CHOD AT ELLA 18.3 28.3 11.8 19.5 1.0 DICTYOSPhAthIUM 36.5 0.0 21.2 19.2 1.0 ERANCEIA 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.0 KIhCHNEk1ELLA 3.7 0.0 18.9 7.5 0.4 hlCRACTINIUh 25.6 2.4 2.4 10.1 0.5 SCEWEDESMUS 105.9 66.1 85.0 85.6 4.6 SChkOEDERIA 0.0 2.4 9.4 3.9 0.2 TETRAEDRON 7.3 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.1 UNIDENTIFIED CHLORO PHYTA 18.3 2.4 9.4 10.0 0.5 bACILLARIOPHYTA AMPHORA 11.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.2 CYCLOTELLA 248.2 103.8 127.4 159.8 8.6 CYMBELLA 14.6 23.6 14.2 17.5 0.9 DIATOMA 0.0 0.0 9.4 3.1 0.2 GOMPHONEMA 18.3 28. 3 18.9 21.8 1.2 LANNAEA 3.7 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.1 MELOSIRA 0.0 7.1 9.4 5.5 0.3 MERIDI ON 0.0 18.9 0.0 6.3 0.3 NAVICULA 131.4 103.8 11.8 82.3 4.4 h1TZSCHIA 401.5 271.4 198.2 290.4 15.6 STEPhANODISCUS 989.2 587.6 502.7 693.2 37.3 SU RI EELLA 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 SYhEDRA 142.4 115.6 101.5 119.8 6.4 CERYSOPhYTA b hlD ENTIFIED ChRYSOPhY1A 3.7 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.1 TOTAL 2540.4 1588.3 1453.8 1860.8 3700GG
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| | |
| 63 Table B-ll. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimon:hly (submerged 2 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 15 August 1978. Replicates are indicats.d by collection number.
| |
| TAXON AJG 051 AJ G-7 8-0 52 AJG-78-0 5 3 MEAN % TOT AL CtiLOROP HYTA ACTIhAST kU M 2.4 4.7 3.5 3.5 0.9 Ahh1STRODESMUS 48.4 36.6 11.3 42.1 10.4 CHLAMYDOMONAS 3.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.3 COELAST hu h 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.2 CRUCIGENIA 0.0 0.0 4.7 1.6 0.4 DICTYO SP HAERIU M 0.0 0.0 3. 5 1.2 0.3 KI RChN ER1 ELLA 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 P EDI AST hu h 3.5 3. 5 5.9 4.3 1.1 SCENEDESMUS 47.2 43.7 60.2 50.3 12.5 SCliRO EDERI A 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.2 TETRALDRON 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.8 0.2 TET RAST kb h 4.7 7.1 2.4 4.7 1.2 ThLUBAh1A 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 UNID ENTIF IED CHLOROPHYTA 11.8 10.6 9.4 10.6 2.6 BACILLARIOPHYTA ACH NANThE S 1.2 0. 0 0.0 0.4 0.1 COCOONEIS 16.5 4.7 10.6 10.6 2.6 CYCLOTELLA '29.8 79.1 135.7 114.9 28 .5 CYMB ELLA 1.2 3.5 1.2 2.0 0.5 GCMPilONEMA 8.3 3. 5 5.9 5.9 1.5 GY kOSIGM A 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 MELOS1kA 24.8 28 . 3 40.1 31.1 7.7 hERID10h 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 hAVICU LA 37.8 22.4 27.1 29.1 7.2 h1TZSCn1A 69.6 55.5 69.6 64.9 16.1 hh01COSPhENIA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 ST EPHAh0 DISCUS 22.4 15.3 15.3 17.7 4.4 SYNEDhA 1.2 2.4 2.4 2.0 0.5 EUGL ENO PhYTA
| |
| 'I RACH ELOMON Ab 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 TO1AL 436.6 322.1 449.6 402.8 D ] D) od1 oq g 7 -
| |
| b JU J] _1
| |
| _ _a
| |
| | |
| 64 Table B-12. Percent totEl and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 16 August 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| 'I A Ach AJ G 0 59 AJ G-7 8-0 60 AJG-78-061 MEAN % TOTAL CHLOh0P hYTA ACTINASTRUM 3.5 2.2 4.0 3.3 0.3 M, KIST h0LESMU S 29.5 46.8 59.0 45.1 3.8 ChLAMYDOh0hAS 3.5 8.9 9.4 7.3 0.6 Ch0D AT ELLA 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 LOLLAST hu h 1.2 2.2 2.7 2.0 0.2 COSMARIUh 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.7 0.1 ChDCIGEhIA 53.1 11.2 6.7 23.7 2. 0 DICTiOSPhAEh10M 13.0 24.5 14.7 17.4 1.5 K1hChNLh1ELLA 1.2 0.0 2.7 1.3 0.1 PEDIASTLud 8.3 2.2 8.0 6.2 0.5 SCENEDESMUS 85.0 131.6 154.1 123.5 10.4 Schh0EDEh1A 2.4 0. 0 0.0 0.8 0.1 STAUkA0Thuh 1.. 0.0 1.3 0.8 0.1 1EThAEth0h 1.2 0.0 1.3 0.8 0.1 TE1hAST hu M 2.4 6.7 1.3 3.5 0.3 Ut.1D thT IE IED ChLOROP hi1 A 30.7 40.1 30.8 33.9 2.9 BACILLAh10PHYTA AChNANTHES 0.0 4.5 0.0 1.5 0.1 AMPHORA 1.2 0.0 1.3 0.8 0.1 ASTER 10NELLA 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 COCOONLIS 62.5 53.5 49.6 55.2 4.6 CiCLCIELLA 30 5.6 260.9 253.3 273.3 23.0 CihBELLA 8.3 6.7 6.7 7.2 0.6 DIATOMA 1.2 0.0 1.3 0.8 0.1 GOMPhChEMA 11.8 13.4 4.0 9.7 0.8 GYh0 SIGMA 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 HANTZSchIA 0.0 4.5 0.0 1.5 0.1 ME LOSI RA 108.6 129.3 131.3 123.1 10.4 MEh1DIOh 1.2 0.0 1.3 0.8 0.1 N AV ICU LA 72.0 73.6 75 0 73.5 6.2 NITZSch1A 160.5 267.6 176 ' 202.1 17.0 P1hhuLARI A 2.4 0.0 1.3 1.2 0.1 Rh0I 00SPhENI A 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.9 0.1 STEPH ANODISCUS 102.7 173.9 168.8 148.5 12.5 SYNEDhA 8.3 13.4 12.1 11.2 0.9 CYANvPHYTA MERISh0 PEDIA 2.4 8.9 0.0 3.8 0.3 OSC ILLA 10hI A 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 TO1AL 1090.3 12b8.9 1183.2 1187.5 970068
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| 65 Table B-13. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 16 October 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON AJ G-78-07 5 AJ G-7 8-0 7 6 AJG-78-077 MEAN % TOTAL CHLOh0PHYTA ANKISTh0DESMUS 35.4 44.8 14.2 31.5 3.2 CMLAMYDOMONAS 2.4 0.0 2.4 1.6 0.2 CHOD AT ELLA 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 CLOST ERIU M 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.2 COSMARIU M 9.4 0.0 2.4 3.9 0.4 ChUCIGENIA 4.7 2.4 0.0 2.4 0.2 LICTYOSPHAERIUM 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 KIRCHNERIELLA 9.4 21.2 0.0 10.2 1.0 MichACTINIUM 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 P EDI AST hU M 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.2 SCENEDESMUS 73.2 66.1 49.6 62.9 6.3 SCH ROEDERI A 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 TETRAST RU M 0.0 4.7 0.0 1.6 0.2 UNID ENTIF 1ED ChLO BOPH17A 11.8 47.2 30.7 29.9 3.0 b ACILLAk10P HYTA ACHNANTHES 2.4 4.7 4.7 3.9 0.4 AMPHORA 0.0 4.7 2.4 2.4 0.2 COCCONE15 4.7 7.1 7.1 6.3 0.6 CYCLOTELLA 184.1 118. 0 155.8 152.6 15.3 CY MB ELLA 2.4 2.4 0.0 1.6 0.2 EhAGI LARI A 0.0 4.7 0.0 1.6 0.2 GOMPh0 NEMA 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 0.9 GYkOSIGMA 7.1 2.4 2.4 3.9 0.4 MELOSIEA 103.8 158.1 82.6 114 .9 11.5 NAVICULA 311.5 245.4 295.0 284.0 28.5 blTZSCHIA 61.4 42.5 51.9 51.9 5.2 PI NNULARI A 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 STEP HANODISCU S 144.0 273.8 136.9 184.9 18.6 SYNEDRA 4.7 7.1 7.1 6.3 0.6 CY Ah 0P HYTA MIC h0 CYST IS 2.4 4.7 0.0 2.4 0.2 OSCILLATORI A 9.4 21.2 14.2 14.9 J.5 SCH I?.OTHRI X 4.7 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.2 TOTAL 1005.4 1099.8 880.3 995.1
| |
| /00G3
| |
| | |
| 66 Table B-14. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 16 October 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXOh AJG-78-067 AJ G-7 8-0 6 8 AJG-78-069 MEAN 1 TOTAL ChLOROPliYTA ACTINAST hU M 4.5 4.5 0.0 3.0 0.1 Ah KIST RODESMUS 89.2 53.5 111.2 84.7 1.6 CCELAST hu M 0.0 8.9 37.1 15.3 0.3 COSMARIUM 0.0 4.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 LICTYO SPHAERIUM 0.0 8.9 0.0 3.0 0.1 K1 hChh ERI ELLA 17.8 4.5 74.2 32.2 0.6 P EDI AST RU M 17.8 22.3 37.1 25.7 0.5 SCE:4EDESMUS 214.1 258.7 593.3 355.3 6.6 SELEhASTMJ M 4.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 T EIRAST RU M 4.5 4.5 0.0 3.0 0.1 Uh1D ENTI FIED CH LOHOP HYTA 80.3 62.4 74.2 72.3 1. 3 BACILLAk10PHYTA ACHNANThES 4.5 4.5 0.0 3.0 0.1 AST ERI ON ELLA 26.8 0.0 0.0 8.9 0.2 COCOON LIS 31.2 102.6 129.8 87.9 1.6 CYCLOTELLA 874.2 767.1 5617.6 2419.6 44.7 CYMbhLLA 8.9 8.9 37.1 18.3 0.3 FRAGI LARI A 4.5 13.4 0.0 5.9 0.1 GOMPh0 HEMA 40.1 35.7 37.1 37.6 0.7 GYh0 SIGMA 13.4 4.5 0.0 5.9 0.1 MELOSI RA + 289.9 258.7 982.6 510.4 9.4 MERIDION 0.0 8.9 0.0 3.0 0.1 NAVICULA 281.0 173.9 537.7 3 30.9 6.1 h1TZSCHIA 187.3 89.2 370.8 215.8 4.0 ST EPhAh0 DISCUS 1070.4 771.6 1390.5 1077.5 19.9 SY NED RA 4.5 22.3 55.6 27.5 0.5 LY Ah 0P h YT A ChROOCOCCUS 0.0 4.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 OSCILLATORIA 53.5 66.9 55.6 58.7 1.1 TOTAL 3322.7 2765.2 10141.3 5409.6 970070
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| 67 Table B-15. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 14 December 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXOh AJG-78-091 AJ G-78-09 2 AJG-78-093 MEAN % TOTAL CH LOh0PHYTA SCEN EDEbMUS 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 b ACILLARIOPHYTA AChhANThES 2.4 14. 4 9.6 8.8 8.6 ASTER 10hELLA 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 CYMBELLA 11.2 4.0 4.8 6.7 6.5 DIATOMA 0.0 7.2 9.6 5.6 5.4 FRAGILARI A 7.2 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.3 GCMPHOhEMA 8.8 4.0 4.8 5.9 5.7 MELOSIRA 1.2 4.0 0.0 1.7 1.7 NAVICULA 15.6 4.0 31.2 16.9 16.5 h1TZSCHIA 48.0 60.0 37.6 48.5 47.2 ST EP HANODISCUS 1.6 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.8 SYhED RA 0.0 0.0 9.6 3.2 3.1 CiANOPHYTA SChIZOTHRIX 0.0 1.6 2.4 1.3 1.3 TO1AL 98.8 100.0 109.6 102.8 Table B-16. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in bimonthly (submerged 2 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 14 December 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON AJ G 08 3 AJ G-7 8-08 4 AJG-78-085 MEAN % TOTAL CHLOkOPHYTA CLOSTERIUM 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.3 COSHARIUM 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 P LDI ASTRUh SCEN EDE SMUS 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 BACILLARIOPHYTA ACHNAhTHES 4.8 12.0 4.0 6.9 7.9 AMPRORA 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.7 0.8 AST ER10NELLA 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.7 0.8 COCOON EIS 0.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 CYCLOTELLA CYMBELLA 0.0 0.0 8.0 2.7 3.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 2.7 3.0 LI ATOMA FRAGILARIA 4.8 0.0 12.8 5.9 6.7 GOMPHON EMA 27.2 3.2 4.0 11.5 13.1 6.4 2.0 4.8 4.4 5.0 hELOS1hA NAVICU LA 21.6 9.2 32.0 20.9 23.8 h1TZSCHIA 43.2 4.4 31.2 26.3 29.9 ST EP HANODISCUS 0.0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.7 0.8 SYhED RA CYAh0PHYTA SCHIZOTHRIX 1.6 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.1 TOTAL 111.2 40.4 112.0 87.9 S70071
| |
| | |
| 68 Table B-17. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 14 Febr ua ry 19 78. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON AJ G-7 8-014 AJ G-78-015 AJG-76-016 MEAN % TOT AL bACILLAhlOPHYTA AChhANTHES 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 25.0 hAVICU LA 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 50.0 STEPHANODISCUS 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 25.0 TOTAL 2.4 0.C 2.4 1.6 Table B-18. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 15 February 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection. number.
| |
| TAX 0N AJ G-7 8 -0 06 AJ G-7 6-0 07 AJG-78-008 MEAN t10TAL CHLOROPHYTA SCENEDESMUS 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.6 l'N ID LNT I F I LD LHLO RO PHYTA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0. 3 BACILLARIOPHiTA AChhANTHES 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.8 0.6 AST ERIONLLLA 0.0 1.2 3.5 1.6 1. 3 COCOON LI S 3.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.9 CYCLOTELLA 4.7 4.7 3.5 4.3 3.4 CYMBELLA 9.4 4.7 7.1 7.1 5.6 DI ATOMA 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.6 LUNOTIA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0. 3 ERAGILAhlA 2.4 4.7 4.7 3.9 3.1 GOMPHONLMA 14.2 20.1 10.6 14.9 11.9 hLh1DION 3.5 2.4 0.0 2.0 1.6 NAVICU LA 30.7 54.3 33.0 39.3 31.3 h1TZSchIA 36.6 34.2 29.5 33.4 26.6 hh01COSPHENI A 2.4 0.L 3.5 2.0 1.6 Rh0PALODIA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0. 3 STEPHANODISCUS 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.6 SU RI RELLA 2.4 2.4 1.2 2.0 1.6 SYNED RA 3.5 4.7 7.1 5.1 4.1 LYANOPhYTA ANABAENA 2.4 0. 0 0.0 0.8 0.6 OSCILLA10RIA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0. 3 SCHI ZOThRI X 1.2 4.7 2.4 2.8 2.2 CHkY SO PHYTA DINObYRON 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0. 3 u
| |
| TOTAL 120 . 4 148.7 107.4 125.5
| |
| +q @Co r L u o,
| |
| vG'-*
| |
| . bs[sp*nC,p J
| |
| o T
| |
| ~
| |
| ~b n @
| |
| A o Al N.] .1 a
| |
| | |
| 69 Table B-19. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 13 April 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAA0h AJ G-78 -0 22 AJ G-7 6-0 2 3 AJG-78-024 MEAN 1 TCff AL bAC ILLt.klOP hY TA COCCON LIS 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 4.3 LiCLO1LLLA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 2.2 Li''.b tLLA 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 2.2 COMPhLhEMA 2.4 21.2 0.0 7.9 43.5 hAvlCULA 2.4 15.3 2.4 6.7 37.0 bl1ZSCHIA 1.2 2.4 1.2 1.6 S. 7 LUGLLh0 Phi 1A LUCLLNA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 2.2 TOTAL 5.9 41.3 7.1 18.1 Table B-20. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 14 April 1978. Replicates' are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXGN AJG-78-030 AJ G-7 6-0 31 AJG-78-032 MEAN % TOTAL BACILLAhlOPhiTA CYCLO 1LLLA 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.6 C Yhi3 LLLA 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.6 LI A10hA 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 2.6 GOMEh0htMA 5.9 0.0 0.0 2.0 13.2 NAvlLULA 11.8 11.6 3.5 9.0 60.5 h112SchlA 3.5 1.2 0.0 1.6 10.5 dYhtDxA 3.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 7.9 101AL 27.1 14.2 3.5 14.9 it)07.3 umvE mJL1 1 "6
| |
| | |
| 70 Table B-21. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 15 June 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXOh AJG-78-04 6 AJ G-7 8-0 4 7 AJG-78-048 MEAN 1 TOTAL ChLOh0PHYTA ACTINASTI4J M 9.4 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.3 Ah h1ST h0DESMUS 37.8 23.6 16.5 26.0 2.5 ChLAMiD0MONAS 217.1 285.6 271.4 258.0 25.3 Ch00 AT ELLA 7.1 7.1 2.4 5.5 0.5 COSMARIU M 0.0 0.0 9.4 3.1 0.3 DICTYOSPHAEh1UM 2.4 4.7 4.7 3.9 0.4 KIhCHNLEILLLA 2.4 0.0 4.7 2.4 0. 2 SCEN EDESMU S 35.4 44.8 11.8 30.7 3.0 SchROEDERIA 0.0 2.4 4.7 2.4 0.2 ST Ab kAST RU M 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 1E1RAST kU M 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 ULOIHhlX 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 UNID ENTIF IED ChLOh0P HY1 A 9.4 16.5 4.7 10.2 1.0 BACILLAR 10FHYTA AMPHORA 0.0 2.4 2.4 1.6 0.2 COCCONE15 0.0 0.0 7.1 2.4 0.2 CYCLO 1ELLA 118.0 70.8 89.7 92.8 9.1 CYMBELLA 0.0 7.1 7.. 4.7 0.5 GOMPHONEMA 2.4 4.7 14.2 7.1 0. 7 MELOSIRA 11.8 9.4 2.4 7.9 0.8 hAVICULA 214.8 257.2 186.4 219.5 21.5 hlTZSCHIA 167.6 113. 3 61.4 114.1 11.2 STEP hANODISCUS 179.4 205.3 129.8 171.5 16.8 SYNEDRA 70.8 28 . 3 54.3 51.1 5.0 CYAh0 PHYTA Chh00 COCCUS 4.7 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.2 TOTAL 1090.3 1088.0 887.4 1021.9 u
| |
| .I O 370074
| |
| | |
| 71 Table B-22. Percent total and density (units /mm2 ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 14 June 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| AJG-78-038 AJ G-7 8-03 9 AJG-78-040 MLAN t TOTAL TAXOh ChLOh0P hYTA 0.2 ACTINASThbM 2.4 4.7 3.7 3.6 AN h1ST h0DESMUS 28 .3 89.7 58.4 58.8 3.7 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 CE RAST ERI AS 56.6 108.6 127.8 97.7 6.2 CHLAMYDOMONAS Ch0D AT ELLA 16.5 11.8 11.0 13.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.2 0.1 COSMARIUM 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.1 Ch0CIGENIA 4.7 0.2 DICTYOSP hAE EIU M 0.0 0.0 7.3 2.4 0.0 21.9 7.3 0.5 hikCHNEh1ELLA 0.0 0.1 MIC RACTINIUM 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 OOCYST IS 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.2 0.1 PANDORINA 4.4 SCLNLDESMUS 54.3 37.8 113.2 68.4 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 TEIRAEDRON 0.1 T ETRAST EU M 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 UNID EhTIFI ED CnLO ROF hiTA 14 .2 7.1 18.3 13.2 0.8 bACILLA R10P hYTA AMPh0hA 2.4 9.4 3.7 5.2 0.3 0.0 2.4 3.7 2.0 0.1 COCOONLIS CYCLOTELLA 184.1 153.4 208.1 181.8 11.6 11.8 21.2 36.5 23.2 1.5 CYMBELLA 0.0 4.7 0.0 1.6 0.1 LIATOMA 0.0 0.0 21.9 7.3 0.5 GOhPh0 HEMA hELOSIhA 4.7 21.2 21.9 16.0 1.0 0,0 4.7 0.0 1.6 0.1 hEh1D10h hAVICULA 96.8 167.6 248.2 170. 8 10.9 NITZSch1A 177.0 269.0 350.4 265.5 16.9 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 hh01 COSFhth1 A ST EF hat <0DISCU S 276.1 462.6 821.3 520.0 33.1 SYNEDhA 70.8 73.2 135.1 93.0 5.9 CY AN OP HYT A ChkOOCOCCUS 11.8 2.4 0.0 4.7 0.3 Osc1LLA10kIA 11.8 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.3 LUGL Eh0 PHYT A TEACH ELOMON AS 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.2 0.1 TO1AL 1029.0 1460.6 2222.9 1570.9 C $1su U U Yg.,, ~.
| |
| (q$
| |
| D
| |
| [ n@ D
| |
| }At)!3p
| |
| ~
| |
| [f O(U b UU In. _ bj l
| |
| | |
| 72 Table B-23. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 15 August 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| 1AXOh AJ G-78-0 54 AJ G-7 8- 0 5 5 AJG-78-056 MEAN % TOTAL ChLOROPHYTA ACTINAST W M 2.4 5.9 2.4 3.5 0.7 ANKI ST EOD EShus 28.3 56.6 36.6 40.5 8.0 ChLAMYDOFONAS 2.4 3. 5 8.3 4.7 0.9 ChCLATELLA 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 CCELAST RU M 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0,1 COShAhluh 1.2 0.0 2.4 1.2 0.2 CRUCIGENI A 4.7 2.4 24.8 10.6 2.1 LIL1YO SP hAEh10 M 17.7 7.1 7.1 10.6 2.1 ELAKATOThRIX 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 KlhCHNLkIELLA 3.5 1.2 5.9 3.5 0.7 00 CYST IS 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 FEDIAsikUM 4.7 5.9 4.7 5.1 1.0 SCENEDE Shb5 50.7 63.7 55.5 56.6 11.1 SchkOEDLh1A 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.2 SELENAST W h 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 Uh1D ENTit 1 LD ChLOkOPHY1A 26.0 20. 1 24.8 23.6 4.6 BACILLAk1 OP HYTA COCOONEls 14.2 16.5 15.3 15.3 3.0 CYCLO 1ELLA 99.1 121.5 72.0 97.5 19.2 CihBELLA 1.2 4.7 1.2 2.4 0. 5 EkAGILAh1A 0.0 0.0 3.5 1.2 0.2 GOMPh0hLMA 1.2 7.1 8.3 5.5 1.1 MELOSIhA 43.7 29.5 40.1 37.8 7.4 MEh1D10h 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 h AVICU LA 33.0 27.1 36.6 32.3 6.3 h1TZSCHIA 88.5 74.3 97.9 86.9 17.1 PI NhU LAhl A 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.8 0.2 kHOICOSPhEh1A 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 ST EP hah 0 DISCUS 67.3 30.7 70.8 56.2 11.1 SU hl hELLA 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 SYhED RA 10.6 5.9 1.2 5.9 1.2 CYANOPHYTA Ch kOOCOCCUS 0.0 3. 5 2.4 2.0 0.4 MLh1Sh0 PEDIA 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.8 0.2 101AL 506.2 492.1 528 .6 509.0 D D aaS
| |
| *K~h~Ta~
| |
| a L SJ 3L _a 37007G
| |
| | |
| 73 Table B-24. Percent total and dens,ity (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 16 August 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON AJG-78-062 AJ G-7 8-0 6 3 AJG-78-064 ME AN % TOTAL CHLOh0FHiTA ACTINAS1 HUM 3.5 1.2 2.4 2.4 0.3 AN KIST h0DESMUS 24.8 33.0 115.6 57.8 7.1 CHLAMYDOMONAS 4.7 5.9 11.8 7.5 0.9 CnG0 AT ELLA 0.0 1.2 3.5 1.6 0.2 COLLAbihuh U.0 1.2 5.9 2.4 0.3 LOSMAhlUM 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 CRUC IG ENI A 21.2 23.6 26.0 23.6 2.9 LICTYOSPHAEEIUM 8.3 22.4 18.9 16.5 2.0 KikCHNEhlELLA 1.2 1. 2 3.5 2.0 0.2 OCCYSTIS 0.0 1.2 4.7 2.0 0.2 P EDI AST hu h 7.1 2.4 20.1 9.8 1.2 00ADhlGULA 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.O SCENEDESMUS 69.6 94.4 178.2 114 .1 14.0 ST AU RAS 1 kU M 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0. 0 TEIRAEDRON 0.0 1.2 5.9 2.4 0.3 T EThAST h0 M 1.2 4.7 4.7 3.5 0.4 UNID ENTI FIED CHLOROP HYTA 27.1 16.9 60.2 35.4 4.4 bACILLAhlOPhYTA AChNAhThES 0.0 2.4 1.2 1.2 0.1 AMPh0RA 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.O COCOOht.S 17.7 14.2 5.9 12.6 1.5 CYCLOTELLA 182.9 212.4 234.8 210.0 25.9 CYMBELLA 3.5 5.9 0.0 3.1 0.4 EU NOTI A 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 thAGILARIA 4.7 2.4 0.0 2.4 0.3 thuSTULIA 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 GOhPhChEMA 5.9 2.4 1.2 3.1 0.4 MELOSI RA 62.5 72.0 42.5 59.0 7.3 MEk1DION 3.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.1 N AVICU LA 54.3 34.2 15.3 34.6 4.3 h1TZSCHIA 134 .5 131.0 37.8 101.1 12.4 FlhhULAh1A 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 ST EPhANODISCUS 77.9 90.9 100.3 89.7 11.0 SYhEDRA 7.1 9.4 3.5 6.7 0.8 Ci Ah0 FhYT A ChhGOCOCw s 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.8 0.1 GOMPh0SPhALHIA 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.0 MEEISMOFEDIA 1.2 2.4 1.2 1.6 0.2 NICh0 CYSTIS 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.0 Sch1ZOThEIX 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 TOTAL 729.2 794.1 913.3 812.2 D PO D O'N2 e a J1 e p; p aJU_&_7 g] Jt A L,
| |
| | |
| 74 Table B-25. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 16 October 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAX 0N AJG-78-078 AJ G-7 8-0 7 9 AJG-78-080 MEAN 1 TOTAL ChLOkOPhYTA AN h1STRODESMUS 42.9 35.4 47.2 41.8 3.1 CHLAMYDOMONAS 5.4 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.1 Ch0D AT ELLA 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 COLLAST EU M 2.7 0.0 4.7 2.5 0.2 CCbhARIUM 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 K1 hChh Eh1 ELLA 10.7 0.0 16.5 9.1 0.7 P LDI AST Ru h 5.4 7.1 7.1 6.5 0.5 SCLhtD LSMUS 112.6 75.5 101.5 96.5 7.2 TETRAST kUM 2.7 2.4 0.0 1.7 0.1 Uh1DLhTIFIED CttLOBOP hYTA 40.2 16.5 26.0 27.6 2.0 BACILLAR 10PhYTA AChhANThES 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.1 COC00hEIS 8.0 4.7 4.7 5.8 0.4 CYCLO 1 ELLA 353.8 129.8 212.4 232.0 17.2 CYMB ELLA 2.7 0.0 2.4 1.7 0.1 t h0 SIU LI A 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 GOMPhGNLhA 26.8 11.8 9.4 16.0 1.2 GY h0 SIGMA 0.0 2.4 2.4 1.6 0.1 NELOS1 hA 30 5.5 125.1 139.2 189.9 14.1 hEh1D10N 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.6 0.1 hAVICU LA 324.3 299.7 316.2 313.4 23.3 h1TZSCHIA 67.0 51.9 47.2 55.4 4.1 hh01COSPHENIA 2.7 2.4 0.0 1.7 0.1 ST EPriANODISCUS 528.0 177.0 212.4 305.8 22.7 S Y hED RA 10.7 2.4 21.2 11.4 0.8 CiAh0PhYTA ObCILLA10RIA 29.5 9.4 23.6 20.8 1.5 TOTAL 1886.7 955.8 1198.9 1347.1
| |
| * D D
| |
| oo n~
| |
| p -
| |
| ._.l D
| |
| 370078 a 10 . L A
| |
| .a
| |
| | |
| 75 Table B-26. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 16 October 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON AJ G-76-07 0 AJ G-7 8-071 AJG-76-072 MEAN % TOTAL CHLOROPHYTA ACTINAS1 hum 0.0 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.1 ANh1ST RODESMUS 48.8 40.1 36.1 41.7 1.4 COLLAST RU M 8.6 7.1 24.1 13.3 0.5 DICTYOSF RAERIU M 2.9 7.1 0.0 3.3 0.1 K1 hCdNLk1 LLLA 5.7 7.1 0.0 4.3 0.1 PLDIASTRUh 8.6 7.1 30.1 15.3 0.5 SCLhEDL5huS 175.1 113. 3 319.1 202.5 7.0 S ELLhAST kUM 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 iLikALDRON 5.7 0.0 6.0 3.9 0.1 I ti hAST h0 M 2.9 2.4 0.0 1.7 0.1 UNID Lh11FI ED ChLOh0FhY1A 43.1 21.2 42.1 35.5 1.2 bACI LLAh10PhtTA AChN AhThE S 5.7 7.1 0.0 4.3 0.1 ASTERIONELLA 2.9 2.4 0.0 1.7 0.1 COCCOhEIS 48.8 14.2 60.2 41.1 1.4 CYCLOT ELLA 642.9 408.3 1378.6 809.9 28.0 CYMbELLA 8.6 14.2 0.0 7.6 0.3 DIA10MA 0.0 0.0 12.0 4.0 0.1 LPIThtMIA 2.9 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 FRAGILAh1A 0.0 16.9 66.2 28.4 1.0 t h0 STU LIA 0.0 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.1 GOMPhchEMA 20.1 23.6 60.2 34.6 1.2 GY h0SIGM A 11.5 4.7 12.0 9.4 0. 3 MLLOS1 hA 162.6 20 0.6 776.6 380.3 13.1 N AV ICU LA 160.7 134.5 289.0 194.7 6.7 h1TZSCHIA 109.1 106.2 246.8 154.0 5.3 hh01COSPhENIA 0.0 0.0 18.1 6.0 0.2 STEPHAhGD15CUS 645.8 408.3 1372.6 808.9 27.9 bU hI M.L LA 0.0 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.1 SYhLDhA 8.6 11.8 0.0 6.8 0.2 TAbELLAh1A 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 CiANOPHYTA MLh1SFOFEDIA 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 CSL1LLA1Gh1A 63.1 9.4 144.5 72.4 2.5 LUGLLhCFuY1A 1 hAChtLCeDNAS 2.9 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 hh000Fni1A hh0DOLuch10h 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.8 0.0 TOTAL 2198.4 1578.8 4912.3 2896.5 Win U f UI)&
| |
| D**D L ba) o
| |
| [iD 'iD T
| |
| ~ ~
| |
| ud )] _1 A
| |
| o _ a
| |
| | |
| 76 Table B-27. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 14 December 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXOh AJ G-78-09 4 AJ G-7 8 -0 05 AJG-78-096 MEAN 1 TOTAL CHLOh0PhiTA ANhlSIh0DELAUS 31.2 24.1 12.0 22.4 0.5 CLOST LhlU M 22.3 30.1 12.0 21.5 0.5 COLMAR10M 4.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 Kl hCHN ERI LLLA 13.4 6.0 12.0 10.5 0.2 P LLI AST hD M 4.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 SCLhEDESMUS 75.8 120.4 48.2 81.5 1.8 Iti kAST ht h 0.0 6.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 UNID LhTlf I LD CnLObOFhiTA 35.7 42.1 54.2 44.0 1.0 bACILLAhlOPhi1A AChhAhThEb 0.0 30. 1 6.0 12.0 0.3 LOCLOhtl5 31.2 66.2 42.1 46.5 1.0 LYCLOTELLA 120.4 14 4. 5 114.4 126.4 2.8 CYMBELLA 151.6 96.3 120.4 122.8 2.7 blATOMA 129.3 162.5 144.5 145.5 3.2 thAGILAhlA 231.9 30.1 421.4 227.8 5.0 GOMPh0hthA 31.2 60.2 42.1 44.5 1.0 GYnOSIGNA 8.9 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.1 MELOSi hA 249.8 150.5 240.8 213.7 4.7 hAVICU LA 1364.8 2064.9 1511.0 1646.9 36.5 hlTZSchlA 1123.9 1438.8 1613.4 1392.0 30.8 hh0100 SPhEhl A 4.5 6.0 0.0 3.5 0.1 ST EPhAh0 DISCUS 120.4 14 4.5 114.4 126 .4 2.8
| |
| $URlhELLA 4.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 SYhEDhA 160.6 14 4.5 156.5 153.9 3.4 CYAh0EhYTA OSCILLA10RI A 4.5 18.1 0.0 7.5 0.2
| |
| $ChlZOthRIX 62.4 60.2 42.1 54.9 1.2 TOTAL 3987.2 4846.1 4707.6 4513.5 0**0 aol 07g7,-
| |
| OM_b_b"a S700<SO
| |
| | |
| 77 Table B-28. Percent total and density (units /mm ) of periphytic algae in cumulative (submerged 10 months) samples at Bell Bend en the Susquehanna River, 14 December 1978. Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAX 0N AJ G-7 8 -08 6 AJ G-7 ts-0 8 7 AJG-78-088 MEAN 1 TMAL CHL0kOfhY1A AN hl ST h0C E SMU S 2.4 6.9 8.9 6.7 0.3 LLO5T Lkl O M 0.0 4.5 8.9 4.5 0.2 hlkthhEh1LLLA 0.0 0.0 4.5 1.5 0.1 SC Lh LD LS MU S 4.7 13.4 17.8 12.0 0.6 UN ID LhTIFI LD Ctt LOh0 F hYTA 2.4 22.3 17.8 14.2 0.7 bACILLAhlOPHYTA AChh ANT hE S 0.0 22.3 22.3 14.9 0.7 AhFLLkA U.0 0.0 4.5 1.5 0.1 (GLLONLIS 16.5 22.3 44.6 27.8 1.4 CYLLOILLLA 16.5 26.8 160.6 67.9 3.4 CYMbELLA 26.0 58. 0 40.1 41.4 2.1 DIATOMA 70.8 111.5 49.1 77.1 3.9 tkAGILAhlA 0.0 4.5 0.0 1.5 0.1 GOhPH0hthA 16.5 58.0 31.2 35.2 1.8 GYkOb1GMA 0.0 0.0 4.5 1.5 0.1 MLLOSIhA 9.4 8.9 49.1 22.5 1.1 NAV ICU LA 344.6 1097.2 802.8 748.2 37.6 NITZSch1A 325.7 945.5 883.1 718.1 36.1 KhCICOSPhENIA 2.4 17.8 13.4 11.2 0.6 ST E P hah 0DISCU S 4.7 138.3 49.1 64.0 3.2 SURIhELLA 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 SY hED RA 21.2 44.6 44.6 36.6 1.9 LiANOPHYTA Sch1201hRIX 51.9 116.0 66.9 78.3 3.9 10TAL 918.0 2720.6 2323.7 1987.4 P G\ r o \
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| ef < [F e p ,qa qn o d .AJ b jd A6
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| | |
| 78 Table B-29. Periphyton species composing at least 5% of the total units counted in samples at two stations on the Susquehanna River, 1978. Numbers following diatoms indicate the species affinity for pH as rated by Lowe (1974): 1 = alkaliphilous; 2 = acidophilous; 3 = indifferent to pH; and 4 = unknown.
| |
| Species SSES Bell Bend CHLOROPHYTA Ankistrodesmus falcatus Aug Aug Ch2awydomonas giobos2 3un Jun Seenedesmus abundane Aug Aug S. falcatus Aug S. quadricauda Aug, Oct Aug, Oct BACILLARIOPHYTA Achnanthcs minutissima (1,3) Dec Dec Cocconcis placentula (1) Aug CyclotelZa atomus (4) Aug, Oct Jun, Aug, Oct C. meneghiniana (1) Aug, Oct Aug, Oct C. pseudostelligera (1,3) Jun, Aug Jun, Aug, Oct C. stelligera (1,3) Aug Aug, Oct Cymbella sp. Dec Diatoma vulgare (1) Dec Feb Fragitaria capucina (1,2) Dec F. vaucheriae (1,2) Dec Gomphonema olivacetei (1) Apr Feb C. parvultan (1,3) Feb, Dec 3!closira distans (2,3) Aug, Oct Aug, Oct M. granulata (1) Oct Oct A!cMdion circulare (1) Apr Navicula cryptocephala (1) Oct, Dec Feb N. cryptocephala var. veneta (1) Dec Dec N. salinarten var. intermedia (4) Oct, Dec Feb, Oct, Dec N. symmetrica (4) Oct
| |
| ,1. tripunctata (1) Dec N. viridula (1,3) Apr, Jun Feb, Apr, Jun Nitsschia acicularis (1) Jun, Aug Jun, Aug N. dissipata (1) Dec Feb, Dec N. palca (1,3) Aug, Dec Feb, Aug, Dec Stephanodiscus insisitatus (4) Jun, Aug, Oct Jun, Aug, Oct CYANOPHYTA Schizothrix calcicola Dec Wl00$ .
| |
| | |
| 79 Table B-10. Percent total and density (units /ml) of phytoplankton in bimonthly samples (indicated by date and collection number) at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
| |
| 14 FLb 13 APR 15 Juh 15 AUG 16 OCT 14 CEC 1AXGh AJG-78-009 AJG-78-017 AJ G-7 8- 0 41 AJ G-7 8-0 4 9 AJG- 78-073 AJ G- 7 6- 0 8 9 MLAN t TOTAL ChL0kOthY1A ALT 1 hAST kU M 0 0 107 464 0 0 95.2 0.77 AhkIST IOLE SMUS 0 0 929 1286 784 8 50 1.0 4.03 Cn LAMY DGhohAS O O 8857 429 106 0 1565.6 12.5e CnO DAT ELLA 0 0 214 36 0 0 41.7 0.31 C L0SI Lk10P SIS 0 0 0 36 0 0 6.0 0.05 LLOST ERIUM 0 0 0 0 0 8 1.3 0.01 CCELASThuh 0 0 0 107 81 0 31.4 0.25 C kUC1G Lh 1 A 0 0 14 3 321 81 0 90.9 0.73 LICTYO S P hA t k10M 0 0 3 57 1724 270 0 390.3 3.14 00LLhkih1A 0 0 14 3 71 0 0 35.7 0.29 k1 kChN Lh1 LLIA 0 0 214 4 64 324 0 167.1 1.34 h1ChACT1hILM 0 0 179 0 54 0 38.8 0.31 OOCY ST E S 0 0 0 71 0 0 11.9 0.10 F ELI AST kU M 0 0 36 2 50 0 0 47.6 0.38 S CLh tD L SMUS 0 0 1036 1750 649 18 575.5 4.62 bChkO LDLh1 A 0 0 14 3 36 0 0 29.8 0.24 bE LL hAST kU h 0 0 0 0 27 0 4.5 0.04 STAU RAST hu M 0 0 0 36 54 0 15.0 0.12 1 LTkALD h0N O O O 2 50 27 0 46.2 0.37 1 ET kAST W M 0 0 0 J21 27 0 58.1 0. 47 Th1UBAk1A 0 0 0 36 0 0 6.0 0.05 Uh1DLhT151LD C hLCh0F HY1 A 1 12 679 1464 811 13 (96.6 3.99 BACILLAk10FhY1A AChhAhTHES 1 6 0 71 0 68 24.5 0.20 AhFh0kA 0 6 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.01 ASI L p10h ELLA 2 8 0 214 0 11 39.1 0.31 COCCOhEIS 0 14 0 0 0 32 7.6 0. 06 CYCLO 1ELLA 0 2 7429 6571 892 50 2490.6 20.01 CYMbELLA 1 63 14 3 0 0 142 $8.1 0.47 L Lh11CU LA 0 2 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.00 DIATGMA 3 12 0 0 0 197 35.4 0.28 LUh0TIA 0 2 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.00 ikAGILARI A 0 18 0 0 0 39 9.5 0.08 GGMFh0NLMA 5 163 0 0 0 47 35.8 0.29 GYROS 1GMA 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.9 0.01 hAN NAL A 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.4 0.00 M L14S t kA 0 33 107 1107 108 132 247.9 1.99 MLk1DION O $7 0 0 0 24 13.4 0.11 hAV ICU LA 9 247 107 36 162 163 154.0 1.14 h11ESch1A 11 186 2643 1893 3 78 445 926.0 7.44 P1hhLLAk1A 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.9 0.01 kh01COSFhth1A 0 6 0 0 0 3 1. 0.01 STEPhAhCDISCUS 1 18 4107 ao43 17513 53 3889.1 91.25 Suk1kELLA 0 18 0 0 0 5 3.8 0.03 SYhLDkA 1 20 714 28 6 0 55 179.3 1.44 1AmLLLAh1A 0 6 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.01 CYAICFhY1A Chh00COCCLS 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.9 0.01 hEh1SMDPLb1A 0 0 0 28 6 0 0 47.6 0.38 Mic h0C YST 15 0 0 3' 36 0 0 11.9' O.10 OSCILLATOSI A 6 0 0 0 0 3 1.4 0.01 ChkYbOPHYTA LINOBYkON O O "6 0 0 3 6.4 0.05 TOTAL 4C 896 28 . 57 21286 22351 1737 12444.5 Y
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| U l L.Q D9O D c] O S m .m - - - -
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| 1 D) l g aE_s J
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| _ A a
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| | |
| 80 Table B-31. Percent total and density (units /ml) of phytoplankton in bimonthly samples (indic sted by date and cellection number) at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
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| 13 F EB 14 APR 14 JUN 16 AUG 16 OCT 14 DEC TAxOro AJG-78-001 M G-78-0 2 5 AJG-78-033 AJ G-7 8-05 7 AJG '8-06 5 AJG-78-081 gMEAh 4 TOTAL QiLCRCPhYTA KrlhASTE M 0 0 0 179 0 0 29.8 0.25 Ah E I ST kOOLS MLS 0 2 607 821 2 70 11 285.2 2.40 CH LAMYLOMOhAS , 0 8 5929 571 108 0 1102.7 9.27 OtODATELLA ) 0 321 143 0 0 77.4 0.65 CLOSTERIUM 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.9 0.01
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| ^ ' ' Cut L ASTl4; >' C' 179 0 30.2 O O 3 0.25 Cl4JCIGLh1 A 0 - 0 0 2 50 0 0 41.7 0.35 DICT YOSPhAL R3 UM .0 0 3 57 28 57 270 16 $83.4 4.90 GOLLhEINIA 't 0 36 2 50 27 0 52.1 0.44 K1kCnhth1LLIA 0 0 214 2 50 189 0 108.9 0.92 h1ChACT1h1LM *s 0 0 286 0 27 0 52.1 0.44 OOCiST IS 0 0 0 71 27 0 16.4 0. 14 PLDI AST HU M 0 0 0 36 0 0 6.0 0.05 SCEN EL LS MLS 0 0 1250 2071 541 32 6 48.9 5.45 SchROLDEkI A 0 0 71 143 0 0 35.7 0 . 30 SE LEN AST NU M C 0 0 0 27 0 4.5 0.04 ST Au kASTWM 0 0 'o 107 0 0 17.9 0.15 TETRALDROh 0 0 14 3 143 27 0 52.1 0.44 T LTRAST W h 0 0 ~1 286 27 0 64.0 0. 54
| |
| - Thf.UBAhlA 0 0 0 36 0 0 6.0 0.05 ULOThklX 0 0 0 0 0 8 1.3 0.01 Lh1DLhTIFIED ChLOh0P hit A 0 - 12 214 2113 730 13 518.6 4.36 B ACILLA RICPhY1 A ACHhAhTHLS 0 10 0 0 27 45 2.6 0.11 AMP HO RA C s 6 0 0 0 0 1.0 0.01 AST LklON LLLA 0 4 0 0 0 3 1.1 0.01 COCCOhE15 0 6 0 0 0 45 8.4 0.07 CYCLOT LL LA 0 2 8286 3643 1676 21 2271.2 19.09 CYM B ELLA 2 29 0 0 0 124 25.8 0.22 DIA10MA 3 8 0 0 0 237 41.3 0.35 LUhCTI A 0 2 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.00 f aAGIL AkI A 0 29 0 0 0 5 5.8 0.05
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| . OOMPH 0hthA 0 165 0 0 27 74 44.2 0.37 hAhNALA 0 6 0x 0 0 0 1.0 0.01
| |
| 'MELGS!hA 0 25 36 2143 703 63 495.0 4.16 MERID10h 0 73 0 0 0 0 12.1 0.10 hAV ICU LA 5 253 214 36 135 382 170.9 1.44
| |
| ' h112 SCHI A 6 218 2964 2000 378 463 1004.9 8.45 P!hNULAh1A 0 0 0 0 0 8 1. 3 0.01 hh01 COSPhth1 A 0 0 0 0 0 16 2.6 0.C2 ST EPHAh0D 13CUS 0 6 4429 2429 15486 0 3724.9 31.31 SuhlhELLA 0 8 0 0 0 8 2.6 0.02 SYhEDkA 2 29 893 A43 0 45 185.3 1.56 1ABELLAk1 A 0 0 71 ', 0- 0 11.9 0.10 cia hOf fiYT A Ch MJUGJC 1.4 0 0 0 143 0 0 23.8 6.20 MERISNCPTen < .e 0 0 500 27 0 87.8 e. 74 MICROCYSTES , C 0 0 0 27 0 4.5 0.04 OSCILI AfGRI A 0 14 36 0 G 16 10.9 0.09 su l101 hkI K ,
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| 0 0 0 0 0, 21 1.8 0.01 LUGLLho t ui rA ujGLEhA . 0 0 36 0 0 3 6.4 L 05 TOTA L 19 , 914 26464 21571 2 f;* $ 1653 11896.2 k
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| 9 I
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| f {v.Jj!a! 'd'l'lDjf 'I'M - 370084 -
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| f l p~ 'M ~
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| f '% ~q
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| ~ O} h 1 a ki 5 L ,
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| .m* =#
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| )
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| 4 8 # / .
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| | |
| 81 Table E-32. Phytoplankton species coraposing at least 5% of the total units counted in samples at two stations on the Susquehanna River, 1978. Numbers following diatoms indicate the species affinity for pil as rated by Lowe (1974): 1 = alkaliphilous; 2 - acidophilous; 3 = indifferent to pH; and 4 = unknown.
| |
| Species SSES Bell Bend CllLOROPilYTA Chia ~ydomonas giobosa Jun Jun Dictyosphaerium pulchellum Aug Aug Secnedeerm quadricauda Aug Aug BACILLARIOPilYTA CycloteIla atomus (4) Aug Aug C. pseudostelligern U . 3) Jun, Aug Jun, Aug C. stelligera (1,3) Aug a
| |
| Cymbella minuta (1,3) Apr, Dec Diatoma vulgare (1) Dec Feb, Dec comphoncm olivaceum (1) Feb, Apr Apr Melosira distans (2,3) Aug Meridion circulare (1) Apr Apr Navicula cryptocephala (1) Apr Apr N. cegptocephala var. veneta (1) Dec N. salina2m var. intemedia (4) Dec Dec N. viridula ( 1,3) Feb, Apr Feb, Apr Nit::schia acicularis (1) Jun Jun N. dissipata (1) Feb, Apr, Dec Apr, Dec N. palea (1,3) Feb, Dec Feb , Dec stephanodiscus invisitatus (4) Jun, Aug, Oct Jun, Aug, Oct CYAN 0PilYTA Cscillatoria sp. Feb Referred to as Cr.bclla vent 2*. ecsa on page 49 in Gurzynski and Cale (1978);
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| reclassified as Cymbella minuta by Patrick and Rein.er (1975).
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| YOOQ)*
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| | |
| 82 N ./ ' 2 v7-CURRENT 1
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| l 0 l ;
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| L.... . L...J v
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| -~~~----................________________
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| h ( )
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| ! 4 .
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| - !" a en A 3 4 5 n
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| CURRENT :
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| f
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| ~
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| 2 ,
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| [4 M S-~
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| I 2 B
| |
| Fig. B-1. Detritus-free apparatus for periphytic algae studies.
| |
| A. Acrylic holder with two plates removed (top view):
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| : 1) metal retaining strap; 2) deflecting shield, acrylic;
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| : 3) brass pin; 4) acrylic plate; 5) pin retaining slot.
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| B. Acrylic holder (end view) with sampler in place:
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| : 1) steel stake (buried); 2) concrete ballast; 3) brass pin; 4) bar-clamp sampler.
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| 3700SG
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| 83 5-f 4-I
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| E g 3-s '
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| m 3 2-x SSES I w :
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| ~,
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| l
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| (,) C . . ....... . .
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| 6-BI MO N TH LY CUMU LATIVE
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| { muss DIATOMS TOTAL g
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| Q. m GREENS ---- DI ATOMS
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| { 5- C=3 BL UE GREENS w
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| a.
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| $ 4_
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| BELL BEND u)
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| Z 3-o 2- '\,
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| l
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| ,_ l \ ,
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| 37G087
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| h?, . . . .
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| F A J A O D F A J A 0 D Ocu o ' 1977 1978 M T, D o .S.LlL Fig. B-2. Standing crop of algae (units /mm ) on bimonthly and cumulative acr,ylic plates at SSES and Bell Bend in 1977-78.
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| | |
| 84 C BETWEEN S AM PLIN G DATES ON S A M PLI N G DATES yg1 O 6 E 150- /
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| ~ .)
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| W 149- \
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| 0 148 i i i ni i m i i i i i i
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| < F A J A 0 D F A J A O D E 1977 1978 Fig. B-3. River level (meters above mean sea level) at SSES in 1977-78.
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| We'OOSO
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| 85 30 -
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| 2s ~
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| ,o _ SSES 15 -
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| s 10 -
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| x 5 -
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| w 0 Y i . , , , , , .
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| E osar0us s O cactus O stut catens o
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| 25 -
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| E
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| " BELL B END 20 -
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| is -
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| 10 -
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| 5 -
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| F700s3
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| ,, dJ A5o i j Ao 1977 1978 Fig. B-4. Standing crop of algae (units /ml) from bimonthly samples taken at SSES and Bell Bend in 1977-73.
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| | |
| 86 BENTHIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATES by Lynn Sabin, William G. Deutsch, and William F. Gale TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT................................................................ 88 INTRODUCTION............................................................ 88 PROCEDURES.............................................................. 89 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.................................................. 91 Standing Crop........................................................ 91 Biomass.............................................................. 94 REFERENCES CITED........................................................ 94 LIST OF TABLES Table C-1. Description and location of benthic macroinvertebrate sampling sites on the Susquehanna River, 19 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . ,. . . . 98 Table C-2. Mean density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macro-invertebrates in six dome samples at each site on the Susquehanna River, 1978.................................... 99 Table C-3. Density (no./m ) and percent total ot' benthic macro-invertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 18 April 1978.................... 101 c ~(u
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| %2 s n o nVUJU
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| 87 Page Table C-4. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macro-invertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 18 Ap ril 19 7 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Table C-5. Density . . . at Bell Bend I . . . 17 Ap ril 19 78. . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Table C-6. Density . . . at Bell Bend III . . . 17 April 19 78. . . . . . . . . . 104 Table C-7. Density . . . at SSES I . . . 14 June 1978.................. 105 Table C-8. Density . . . at SSES II . . . 16 June 1978................. 106 Table C-9. Density . . . at Bell Bend I . . . 13 June 1978............. 107 Table C-10. Density . . . at Bell Bend III . . . 15 June 19 78. . . . . . . . . . . 108 Table C-11. Density . . . at SSES I . . . 10 October 1978............... 109 Table C-12. Density . . . at SSES II . . . 10 October 19 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 Table C-13. Density . . . at Bell Bend I . . . 12 October 19 78. . . . . . . . . . 111 Table C-14. Density . . . at Bell Bend III . . . 12 October 19 78. . . . . . . . 112 Table C-15. Benthic macroinvertebrates collected in dome samples at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna Riv2r, 19 7 5- 78. . . . . . . . 113 Table C-16. Dry weight of benthic macroinvertebrates (mg/n ) collected with a dome sampler at SSES I and II on the Susquehanna River in April, June, and October 1978............................ 115 Table C-17. Dry weight . . . at Bell Bend I and III . . . 1978.......... 116 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. C-1. Mean density (no./m ) of benthic macroinvertebrates in replicate dome samplcs (2/ sampling period) at SSES I and II and at Bell Bend I and III on the Susquehanna River, 19 7 5 - 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7 Fig. C-2. Dendrogram of the cluster analysis of Bray-Curtis similarity matrices for the 1975 through 1978 benthic macroinvertebrate data at SSES I (SI) and II (S2) and at Bell Bend I (BI) and III(B3)....................................................118
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| ?UGO'jy
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| 88 ABSTRACT The benthic macroinvertebrate community was sampled at four sites (two stations) in April, June, and October 1978. Two sites were upriver from the intake structure (SSES I and II) and two were below the discharge diffuser (Bell Bend I and III). Overall mean density of macroinvertebrates at SSES was 19,200 organisms /m and at Bell Bend it was 8,600 org/m .
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| Oligochaetes (Naididae and Tubificidae), mayflies (Caenidae and Heptageniidae), caddisflies (Hydropsychidae), and dipterans sChironomidae) composed more than 90% of the total macroinvertebrates at each site. In 1978, total mean density and biomass were 3-fold and nearly 2-fold greater than in 1977, respectively; increases were primarily due to the much greater standing crop present at both stations in October 1978.
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| INTRODUCTION Because benthic macroinvertebrates are relatively sessile and occur in laige numbers, they are useful organisms to monitor water quality.
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| Some species are highly selective in their choice of habitat and are, therefore, important indicators of both environmental quality and change (Paine and Gaufin 1956).
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| General environmental evaluations can be made when macroinvertebrates are identified to order or family (Mackenthum and Ingram 1967), but species within these groups have wide ranges of physicochemical tolerances (Resh and Unzicker 1975). For the latter reason, it is desirable to identify organisms to species for ir.terpretation of macroinvertebrate data. The
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| $5005)$
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| 89 problem of insufficient taxonomic keys (especially for immature insect stages) has been ameliorated by recent literature (Lewis 1974; McCafferty 1974; Beck 1976; Edmunds et al.1976; Resh 1976; Saether 1976, 1977a, b; Surdick anc Kim 1976; Wiggins 1977; and Merritt and Cummins 1978).
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| The objective of this study .was to monitor seasonal changes in the benthic community of the Susquehanna River near the Susquehanna SES throughout 1978.
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| PROCEDURES Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at four sites (two stations) near the Susquehanna SES (Fig. A-1) . Two sites (SSES I and II) were upriver from the intake structure, and the other two (Bell Bend I and III) were downriver from the discharge diffuser; the Bell Bend III site was added in 1978. Locations of the other sites were unchanged from 1977 (Table C-1).
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| Three replicate dome suction samples (Gale and Thompson 19 75) were collected at each site on 17,18 April; 13-16 June; and 10, 12 October 1978. Af ter the dome sampler was lowered from a boat to the river bottom, a scuba diver moved it upriver or laterally to the first undisturbed area encountered where an adequate seal between the sampler band and the substrate could be established. The area (0.163 m ) enclosed by the sampler was vacuumed for five minutes with a hose leading to a bilge pump mounted on the sampler. Sand, gravel, and organisms were pumped into a nylon net (216-p mesh); larger stones were carefully vacuumed and discarded.
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| g/0093
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| 90 When all three replicates were collected, they were returned to the boat by the diver.
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| One of three replicate samples was used for biomass estimates. It was important to keep organisms alive since Howmiller (1972) found that a considerable weight loss occurred due to the effects of preservatives.
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| Therefore, organisms were sorted and identified as quickly as possible af ter collection (decomposition occurred quickly af ter death), and they were usually identified to family. Mollusc shells were dissolved in 1%
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| HCL (decalcification) . ' Organisms were then counted, placed in aluminum foil containers, and dried in a Precision Scientific Thelco Model 17 oven at 100 C for at least 12 hours. Af ter drying, they were cooled to room temperature in a glass dessicator and weighed using a Mettler H10W balance.
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| The other two replicates were washed, sieved (U.S. Standard No. 60 sieve), and preserved in 10% buffered formalin. After a sample was macroscopically sorted, 1/4 of the residue was randomly selected in an acrylic subsampler (Ichthyological Associates 1973) . Subsamples were examined with a dissecting microscope (30 X) and macroinvertebrates removed. The number of organisms in each su'osample was multiplied by 4 and added to the number found in the initial sorting. Total number of organisms per sample was multiplied by 6.135 to convert the data to numbe rs /m . Invertebrates were identified (usually to genus or species) with the keys of Pennak (1953), Allen and Edmunds (1962, 1963a, b, 1965),
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| Parrish (1968), and others noted above.
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| wig 034
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| 91 Data were analyzed using a series of BASIC computer programs written for a Hewlett-Packard 9830-A c sputer. These programs first calculated a between-sample similarity matrix using the Bray-Curtis (1957) index:
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| n E lX1-X2l 3 3 1 - p=1 n
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| E (X13+X23 )
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| J=1 where X1j and 22j represent the abundance of taxon j for samples 1 and 2, respectively, and n represents the number of taxa captured. The similarity matrix was then clustered by the group-average sorting technique (Clifford and Stephenson 1975) . In this way samples could be classified according to similarity in taxonomic composition and abundance.
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| RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Standing Crop Overall mean density of macroinvertebrates in 1978 was much higher at SSES (19,200 organisms /m ) than at Bell Bend (8,600 org/m ) (Table C-2).
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| 011gochaetes (Naididae and Tubificidae), mayflies (Caenidae and Heptageniidae), caddisflies (Hydropsychidae) and dipterans (Chironomidae) composed more than 90% of the total number of macroinvertebrates at each site. Three genera of chironomids (Rheotanytarsus sp. , Polypediltcn spp. ,
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| and Conchapelopia spp.) were especially numerous and composed 28.1% of the standing crop. On the average, there were 3-fold more macroinvertebrates collected in 1978 than in 1977.
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| F/OO3G
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| 92 The lowest standing crop of macroinvertebrates was found in April (Fig. C-1) at all sites (Tables C-3 through C-6) . Overall mean density was 1,000 org/m . Nematodes (28.1% of the standing crop) were abundant in April; at Bell Bend III there were 900 individuals /m . 011gochaetes (21.0%), chironomids (15.5%), and hydropsychids (13.6%) also predominated at both stations.
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| By June, the standing crop of macroinvertebrates had increased markedly at all sites with the largest gains being made at SSES I and II (Tables C-7 through C-10). Much of the increase at all sites was due to the oligochaete population which composed 45.9% of the total standing crop. At SSES II there were 8,800 naidids/m . Also, the density of mayflies (Caenidae and Heptageniidae), caddisflies (Hydropsychidae),
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| and dipterans (Chironomidae) increased ; each of these groups composed about 17% of the standing crop.
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| Ntm' ers of macroinvertebrates peaked at all sites in October (Tables C-Il through C-14; Fig. C-1) . Density at SSES I (i = 53,000 org/m )
| |
| was much higher than had been found at any time in the previous three sampling years at either station. The greater densities were probably due to low river flow in September and the first half of October 1978 (Fig. A-2) .
| |
| High river flows in late September 1975 (Hurricane Eloise) and in October 1977, seemed to have reduced macroinvertebrate standing crops (Deutsch 1976, 1978).
| |
| In October, chironomids (i = 12,100 org/m ) and caddisflies (i =
| |
| 9,600 org/m ) composed 77.5% of the standing crop. Three genera of
| |
| <g100'dG
| |
| | |
| 93 chironomids (Rheotanytarsus sp., Conchapelopia spp. , and Polypadilum spp.)
| |
| and two genera of hydropsychid caddisflies (Chewnatopsyche spp. and Hydropsyche spp.) were especially numerous. At 3 ell Bend I, leptocerid and psychomyiid caddisflies composed over 10% of the standing crop.
| |
| Cluster analysis showed marked seasonal differences in taxonomic compos!. tion and abundance at all sites (Fig. C-2) . Analysis of four years of data (1975-78) revealed that all months but one (April 1977) formed distinct clusters. As a whole, the analysis gave strong evidence that seasonal changes were more important in characterizing the macro-benthic community than station or site dif ferences.
| |
| Individual sites, often difficult to categorize without multivariate techniques, generally represented distinct entities. The e-ly misclassi-fications (fusion of two samples from different sites) oc urred in early spring (1975-78) when high water may have disrupted the distribution of macroinvertebrates.
| |
| Between-site similarity patterns were inconsistent. For example, the SSES sites exhibited no more affinity to each other than to either of the Bell Bend sites (Fig. C-2) . Based on these analyses, SSES is similar enough to Bell Bend to serve as a control.
| |
| A list of species found in dome samples from 1975 through 1978 is presented in Table C-15. Members of the Interpunctatum group in the genus Stenonema (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) were placed in the genus Stenacron as recommended by Lewis (1974) . In 1978, there were six additions S70037
| |
| | |
| 94 to the more comprehensive species list of 1977 (Deutsch 1978) . These identifications are in the process of being verified. Included were the mayf1ies, Ephems vila sordida, Heterocloeon sp., and Stenacron gildersleevei; the caddisflies, Ceraclea neffi and Ptilostomis sp.; and an aquatic noctuid (Lepidoptera) larva.
| |
| Biomass Biomass (dry weight) in 1978 (11.0 kg/ha) was 79.0% greater than it was in 1977 (6.2 kg/ha) . Total mean biomass was greater at SSES (16.7 kg/ha) than at Bell Bend (5.4 kg/ha) in 1978 (Tables C-16 and C-17) .
| |
| Hydropsychid caddisflies composed most of the biomass at SSES (63.7%) and Bell Bend (29.3%). Other major groups at Bell Bend were heptageniids (16.5%),
| |
| oligochaetes (9.8%), and potamanthids (9.2%) . Biomass was lowest in April and highest in October. In April, 58.0% of the biomass at the four sites was composed of hydropsychids (i = 1.1 kg/ha) . In June, oligochaetes (i =
| |
| 0.9 kg/ha) and mayflies (i = '.? kg/ha) composed 60.8% of the biomass. In October, hydropsychids (i = 16.9 kg/ha) composed 69.2% of the biomass.
| |
| REFERENCES CITED Allen, R. K. and G. F. Edmunds, Jr. 1962. A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). IV. The subgenus Dannella. J. Kans.
| |
| Entomol. Soc. 35: 333-338.
| |
| and . 1963a. A revision of the genus Ephemerella. VI.
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| The subgenus Serratella in North America. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.
| |
| 56: 583-600.
| |
| and . 1963b. A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) . VII. The subgenus Eurylophella.
| |
| Can. Entomol. 95: 597-623.
| |
| and . 1965. A revision of the genua Ephemerella. VIII.
| |
| The subgenus Ephemerella in North America. Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc.
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| Am. 4: 243-282.
| |
| F700iiS
| |
| | |
| 95 Beck, W. M. 1976. Biology of the larval chironomids. State of Florida Dept. Environ. Reg. Tech. Ser. Vol. 2, No. 1. 57 pp.
| |
| Bray, J. R. and J. T. Curtis. 1957. An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecol. Monogr. 27: 325-348.
| |
| Clifford, H. T. and W. Stephenson. 1975. An introduction to numerical classification. Academy Press, San Francisco, Calif. 229 pp.
| |
| Cummins, K. W. 1962. An evaluation of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic san ples with special emphasis on lotic waters.
| |
| Am. Midl. Nat. 62: 477-504.
| |
| Deutsch, W. G. 1476. Macroinvertebrates. Pages 123-161 h4 T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1975). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
| |
| . 1978. Benthic macroinvertebrates. Pages 68-119 in T. V.
| |
| Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1977) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
| |
| Edmunds, G. F., S. L. Jensen, and L. Berner. 1976. The mayflies of North and Central America. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, M.i nn . 330 pp.
| |
| Gale, W. F. and J. D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitati.miy sampling benthos on rocky substrates in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
| |
| 104: 398-405.
| |
| Howmiller, R. P. 1972. Effects of preservatives on weights of some common mscrcbenthic invertebrates. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 101(4): 743-746.
| |
| Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972) . Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 658 pp.
| |
| Lewis, P. A. 1974. Taxonomy and e: ology of Stenancen mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) _ Nat. Environ. Res. Cent., PB-241, 235. EPA-670/4-74-006. U. S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 80 pp.
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| F.7003.9
| |
| | |
| 96 McCafferty, W. P. 1974. The burrowing mayflies of the United States (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeroidea) . Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 101: 447-503.
| |
| Mackenthum, K. M. and W. M. Ingram. 1967. Biological associated problems in freshwater environments. U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 287 pp.
| |
| Merritt, R. W. and K. W. Cummins. 1978. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North Amer 1ca. Kendall/ Hunt Publ. Co. , Dubuque, Iowa.
| |
| 441 pp.
| |
| Paine, G. H. and A. R. Caufin. 1956. Aquatic diptera as indicators of pollution in a midwestern str3am. Ohio J. Sci. 56: 291-304.
| |
| Parrish, F. K. (ed.). 1968. Keys to water quality indicative organisms (southeastern United States) . F.W.P.C.A., U.S. Dept. Interior, Washington, D.C. 192 pp.
| |
| Pennak, R. W. 1953. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States.
| |
| Ronald Press Co., New York, N.Y. 769 pp.
| |
| Resh, V. H. 1976. The biology and immature stages of the caddisfly genus Ceraclea in eastern North America (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae).
| |
| Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 69(6): 1039-1061.
| |
| and J. D. Unzicker. 1975. Water quality monitoring and aquatic organisms: the importance of species identification.
| |
| J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 47(1): 9-19.
| |
| Saether 0. A. 1976. Revision of Hydrobaenus, Trissociaditw, Falutschia, Paratrissocladius, and some related genera (Diptera: Chironomidae).
| |
| Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 195. 287 pp.
| |
| . 1977a. Taxonomic studies on Chironomidae: Nanocladius, Pecudochironomus, and the Harnischia complex. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 196. 143 pp.
| |
| . 197 7b . Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera:
| |
| morphology, phylogenies, keys. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 197.
| |
| 209 pp.
| |
| S70100
| |
| | |
| 97 Surdick, R. F. and K. C. Kim. 1976. Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Pennsylvania, a synopsis. Pa. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 808: 1073.
| |
| Wiggins, G. B. 1977. Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichoptera). Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 410 pp.
| |
| ' ~$0$0).
| |
| | |
| Table C-1. Description and location of benthic macroinvertebrate sampling sites on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
| |
| Station SSES BELL BEND Site I II I III Depth" 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.3 Substrate Type b gravel-pebble pebble-cobble gravel-pebble gravel-pebble with boulders Location 817 m upriver from 817 m upriver from 791 m downriver from 791 m downriver from the center of the the center of the the center of the the center of the intake structure; intake structure; discharge diffuser; discharge diffuser; 32 m from the 103 m from the 37 m from the 66 m from the west bank west bank west bank west bank Station depths (m) when river surface elevation is 148.6 m above mean sea level at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory.
| |
| b Based on predominant particle size (Cummins 1962).
| |
| (0
| |
| -J C:*
| |
| F' C2 10
| |
| | |
| 99 Table C-2. Mean density (no./m2 ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates in six dome samples at each site on the Susquehanna River,1978.
| |
| STATION SSES PERCENT BELL BEND PERCENT SITE I 11 TOTAL I 111 TOTAL TAXOh hYDhA SP. 0 0 (0.1 4 2 < 0.1 ALLOLOOOELA 4 1 (0.1 3 3 <0.1 T kICL ADID A 213 148 0.9 31 160 1.1 PkOSTOMA SP. 80 128 0.5 196 359 3.2 HEMA 10DA 76 71 0.4 106 362 2.7 hAID1DAE 4278 3395 20.0 1446 2112 20.6 TUB 1 FICID AE 581 224 2.1 425 444 5.0 ASELLUS SP. 1 0 (0.1 0 0 ( 0.1 GAMMARUS SP. 1 0 <0.1 2 1 (0.1 AST ACID AL 0 0 (0.1 0 1 <0.1 I SOTOMID AE 1 0 (0.1 0 0 <0.1 PLECOPTEkA 14 1 (0.1 0 7 <0.1 PE RLID AE 17 0 <0.1 0 1 <0.1 ACROhEURI A SPP. 0 2 <0.1 1 0 <0.1 ACHOhEURI A ABh0FM15 1 0 (0.1 0 0 <0.1 ACROhEUh1 A LYCORI AS 0 1 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 hEOPEELA CLYMENE 18 1 <0.1 5 10 (0.1 PHASGANOPHORA SP. 2 1 (0.1 0 0 (0.1 EPHEMEh0PTEbA 3 0 <0.1 0 0 < 0.1 LP HO ROh S P. 27 20 0.1 19 15 0.2 POIAMAhTHUS SPP. 45 45 0.2 60 60 0.7 CAENIS SP. 441 196 1.7 118 426 3.1 T HI OO RYTHOD E S S P. 0 0 <0.1 0 1 <0.1 EPHEMEkELLA SPP. 12 9 <0.1 1 3 (0.1 EPHEMEhELLA DEFICIEh5 3 8 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 LPhEMEbELLA SOEDICA 0 2 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 PAkALEPTOPHLEBI A ACCPTIVA 0 0 (0.1 0 1 <0.1 BA ETID AE 6 0 <0.1 0 0 (0.1 HAETIS SP. 4 7 <0.1 3 14 0.1 HETEh0CLOLOh SP, 0 1 <0.1 0 0 (0.1 SIPHLOhU RID AE 2 0 <0.1 0 0 (0.1 ISOhYCHIA SP. 37 181 0.6 10 25 0.2 HEPTAGEN11DAE 30 3 173 1.2 171 57 9 4.3 hEPTAGENI A SPP. 72 27 0.3 67 174 1.4 P.HIThROGENA SP. 7 0 <0.1 0 1 <0.1 ST EN ON E MA S P P. 113 134 0.6 75 122 1.1 STENOhEMA FUSCUM 0 6 <0.1 0 2 <0.1 STENOhEMA GILDERSLEEVE1 0 0 <0.1 4 0 <0.1 STENOhEMA INTERPUNCTATUM 0 3 <0.1 11 1 <0.1 STENOhEMA IThACA 6 5 <0.1 0 4 <0.1 ST Eh0 HEMA N EPOT ELLUM 0 2 <0.1 2 2 <0.1 CO Eh AGRIONID AE 2 0 <0.1 1 0 <0.1 SIALIS SP. 10 7 <0.1 32 29 0.3 COkYDALUS CORNUTUS 0 1 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 T kI CH0 PTE RA (PUPAE) 6 7 <0.1 1 1 <0.1 T k1CHO PTERA (ADULTS) 0 0 <0.1 0 2 <0.1 POLYCENTh0PODIDAL 0 0 (0.1 0 16 <0.1 NEURECLIPSIS SP. 84 73 0.4 59 70 0.7 H YD ROPSYCHID AE 693 481 3.1 43 376 2.4 CHEUMATOPSYCHE SPP. 6055 3248 24.2 483 2186 15.5 HYDROPSYCHE SPP. 2 1 <0.1 0 4 <0.1 HYDROPSYCHE BIFIDA GRP 49 34 0.2 0 5 <0.1 HYDHOPSYCHE PHALERATA 405 314 1.9 17 97 0.7 MACROhEMA SPP. 1 7 <C.1 0 0 <0.1 MACH 0 HEMA Z AB RATA 0 1 (0.1 0 0 <0.1 H YD ROPTILID AE 30 25 0.1 0 12 <0.1 AGRAYLEA SP. 1 0 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 PTISLOSTOMIS SP. 1 0 (0.1 0 0 <0.1 LEPTOCERIDAE 135 110 0.6 90 75 1.0 CERACLEA SPP. 7 36 0.1 6 21 0. 2 CERACLEA MACULATA 1 47 0.1 0 0 <0.1 CERACLEA NEFF1 0 5 (0.1 1 0 <0.1 OECETIS SPP. 95 44 0.4 110 81 1.1 OECETIS CINERACENS 113 80 0.5 10 103 0.7 NOCTUID AE 1 0 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 DINEUTES SP. 0 0 (0.1 1 0 <0.1 BEROSUS SP. 2 0 <0.1 1 0 <0.1 i ,1 L
| |
| | |
| 100 Table C-2 (cont.)
| |
| STATION SSES PERCENT BELL BEND P E RCENT SITE 1 II TOTAL I III TOTAL TAXON ELMID AE ( ADU LTS) 4 1 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 DU B1 hAPHI A SP. 0 1 (0.1 0 4 (0.1 OPT 10SL RVUS SP. 19 2 <0.1 0 7 <0.1 STENELMIS SP. 120 89 0.5 19 35 0.3 ST EN ELMI S S P . ( ADU LTS) 1 0 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 STLNELMIS BICAh1 NATA (ADULTS) 15 3 <0.1 0 1 <0.1 SI MU LIID AE 14 2 (0.1 1 5 <0.1 LMP IDID7 Z 506 103 1.6 31 139 1. 0 EMPIDIDAE (PUPAL) 1 0 (0.1 0 0 <0.1 CEhATOPOGOh1DAE 3 0 <0.1 13 8 0.1 CH1kONOMIDAE 72 8 0.2 5 43 0.3 ChlkONOMIDAL (PUPAE) 57 60 0.3 21 46 0.4 ChikOh0MIDAE ( ADULTS) 10 3 <0.1 2 26 0.2 ABLABESMY1 A SPP. 14 0 <0.1 20 32 0.3 ABLABESMY1A MALLOCHI 16 13 <0.1 24 52 0.4 COhCHAPELOPIA SPP. 2103 1189 8.6 150 1474 9.4 MACHOPLLOPIA SP. 0 1 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 PSECTh0TANYPUS SP. 8 0 <0.1 0 0 (0.1 TANYPUDINAL SPel 36 15 0.1 1 27 0.2 Chlkoh0MINAE 5 29 (0.1 0 0 ( 0.1 Ch1Roh0MUS SPP. I 1 <0.1 0 1 (0.1 ChYPWChi h0hWUS SPP. 1 0 <0.1 2 1 < 0.1 CRYPTOCd1 h0hWUS BLAR1 hA 0 2 <0.1 1 0 <0.1 CRYPTOCh1BOh0MUS EULVUS 11 1 (0.1 26 30 0.3 DICROTEhDIPES SPP. 208 74 0.7 83 176 1.5 DICROTENDIPES MODESTUS 24 9 <0.1 6 7 <0.1 ENDOCHIROh0MUS SPP. I 1 (0.1 10 8 0.1 GLYPMTENDIP LS SP. 156 66 0.6 76 171 1.4 MICROPSECThA SP. 0 1 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 MICROTENDIPLS SP. 11 11 <0.1 22 36 0. 3 PARAChlh0NCNUS SPP. 17 0 <0.3 0 0 <0.1 PAkACHIROh0MUS PLCTINATELIAE 1 4 (0.1 0 0 (0.1 POLYPEDILUM SPP. 2272 1692 10.3 193 875 6.2 POLYP LDILUM FALLAX 3 $ <0.1 1 5 <0.1 kHEOTANYTAFSUS SP. J200 1542 12.3 134 797 5.4 TANYTARSUS SP. 77 18 0.2 57 53 0.6 TkIDELOS FUSICOhNIS 0 0 <0'1. 0 1 <0.1 TRIBELOS JUCUNDUS 0 0 (0.1 0 2 <0.1 Z AV kEL I A S P . 131 26 0.4 41 178 1. 3 ORTIOCLAD11 NAE 25 0 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 CAICIOCLADIUS SP. 0 1 < ' .1 0 0 <0.1 CDRYhohEURA TARIS 2 0 u.1 0 4 <0.1 Ch1(DTOPUS SPP. 65 99 0.4 17 44 0.4 CRICD70 PUS B1CINCTUS 210 51 0.7 4 11 <0.1 LU KI LF FE FI ELLA S Pil 47 39 1.2 0 6 <0.1 hANOCLADIUb SP. 52 132 J.5 95 122 1.3 P AkAMETRIOCN EMUS SP. 0 1 <0.1 0 0 <0.1 SYNORTHOCLADIUd SP. 0 0 <0.1 1 0 <0.1 THI ENEMANh1ELLA SPP. 3 1 <0.1 0 14 <0.1 UNIDENTIFIED TERRESTkI AL 2 1 <0.1 0 5 <0.1 PISIDIUM SP. 6 6 <0.1 34 37 0.4 SPhAEk1UM SPP. 28 185 0.6 13 93 0.6
| |
| | |
| 101 Table C-3. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 18 April 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON LYS 0 02 LYS-78-003 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL N E MATO DA 55.2 55.2 55.2 12.7 N AIDID AE 42.9 12.3 27.6 6.3 TU B IFI CID AE 6.1 11.0.4 58.3 13.4 I SO TOMID AL 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.7 PLECO PT ERA 18.4 18.4 18.4 4.2 ACh0N EURI A ABNORMIS 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.7 EPHEME ROF TERA 12.3 6.1 9.2 2.1 POTAMANTbOS SPP. 18.4 30.7 24.5 5.6 EPHEMERELLA SPP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.7 LPHEMERELIA DEFICIENS 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.7 ISONYCHI A SP. 0.0 12.3 6.1 1.4 HEPTAGENIIDAE 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.7 STENONEMA SPP. 6.1 24.5 15.3 3.5 hYDROPSYCHIDAE 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.7 CHEUMATOPSYCHE SPP. 0.0 24.5 12.3 2.8 HYD BOPSYCHE BIFID A GRP 0.0 12.3 6.1 1.4 HYDROPSYCHE PHALEN ATA 0. 0 18.4 9.2 2.1 NO CTU ID AE 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.7 ST EN ELMIS S P. 61.3 36.8 49.1 11.3 STENELMIS SP. ( ADULTS) 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.7 EMP ID ID AE 18.4 24.5 21.5 4.9 CHI RONOMID AE (PDFAtt 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.7 CHI RONOMID AE (ALULTS) 18.4 18.4 18.4 4.2 CONCHAPELOPIA SPP. 30.7 49.1 39.9 9.2 CHI RONOMI NAE 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.7 CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS FULVUS 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.7 POLYPEDILUM SPP. 6.1 18.4 12.3 2.8 RhEOTANYTARSUS SP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.7 Z AV RELI A SP. 6.1 6.1 6.1 1.4 ORTH 0CL ADI IN AE 0.0 12.3 6 .1 1.4 SPhAERIUM SPP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.7 TOTAL 325.1 546.0 435.6 e
| |
| | |
| 102 Table C-4. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 18 April 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON LYS 0 0 5 LYS-78-006 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL TRICLADIDA 6.1 18.4 12.3 0.8 P ROSTOMA SP. 36.8 42.9 39.9 2.0 NEMATODA 36.8 184.0 110.4 7.1 N AID ID AE 257.7 128.8 193.3 12.4 TUBIFICIDAE 79.8 67.5 73.6 4.7 ACRON EU RI A LYCORI AS 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 POT AMA NT HU S S P P. 104.3 42.9 73.6 4.7 EPHEMERELLA SPP. 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.4 EPHEMERELLA DEFICIENS 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 HEPT AGENIID AE 12.3 12.3 12.3 0.8 STENONEMA SPP. 24.5 6.1 15.3 1.0 H YD RO P SYC HID AE 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.2 CHEUMATOPSYCHE SPP. 343.6 263.8 303.7 19.5 HYDROPSYCHE SPP. 0.0 6 .1 3.1 0.2 HYDROPSYCHE BIFIDA GRP 24.5 18.4 21.5 1.4 HYD ROPSYCHE PHALERAIA 55.2 30.7 42.9 2.8 H YD ROPTILID AE 12.3 6 .1 9.2 0.6 CERACLEA MACULATA 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 OECETIS SPP. 14 1. 1 18.4 79.8 5.1
| |
| '""ETIS CINERACENS 24.5 6.1 15.3 1.0
| |
| 'RAPHIA SP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 SERVUS SP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.4
| |
| .; . MIS SP. 85.9 79.8 82.8 5.3
| |
| / iMIS BICARINATA( ADULTS) 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.4 ID AE 14 7.2 73.6 1 10. 4 7.1 Ln t i.iN OMID AE (PUPAE) 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 CONCdAPELOPI A SPP. 147.2 42.9 95.1 6.1 MACR 3PELOPIA SP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 CliI TON OMIN A E 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.4 CRIPTOCHIRONOMUS BLARINA 12 .3 0.0 6.1 0.4 GLYPTOTENDIPES SP. 30.7 6.1 18.4 1.2 M.'. CROPS ECT RA S P. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 TOLYPEDILUM SPP. 30.7 36.8 33.7 2.2 POLYPEDILUM FALLAX 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.4 RH EOT ANYT ARSU S S P. 177.9 42.9 1 10. 4 7.1 ZAV RELI A SP. 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.4 CRI COTOPUS SPP. 6.1 18.4 12.3 0.8 EUKIEFFERIELLA SPfl 12.3 6.1 9.2 0.6 PARAMETRIOCNEMUS SP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 SPHAERIUM SPP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.4 TOTAL 1914.0 1196.3 1555.1 WO.i.Cil
| |
| | |
| 103 Table C-5. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 17 April 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAKON LYS 0 08 LYS-78-009 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL NEMATODA 73.6 6.1 39.9 5.5 N AI DID AE 49.1 6 .1 27.6 J.S TUBIFICIDAE 460.1 374.2 417.2 57.6 POTAMANTHUS SPP. 30.7 6.1 18.4 2.5 EPHEMERELLA SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.4 ISONYCHIA SP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.8 HEPTAGENI ID AE 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.8 STENONEMA SPP. 36.8 12.3 24.5 3.4 CHEUMATOPSYCHE SPP. 67.5 42.9 55.2 7.6 HYDROPSYCHE PHALERAT A 6.1 18.4 12.3 1.7 OECETIS SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.4 STENELMIS SP. 18.4 6.1 12.3 1.7 E.".P I D ID .".E 6.1 12.3 9.2 1.3 CONCHAPELOPI A SPP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.8 CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS BLARINA 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.4 CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS FU LVUS 12.3 6.1 9.2 1.3 DICROTENDIPES MODESTUS 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.4 LNDO CHIRONOMUS SPP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.8 POLYPEDILUM SPP. 30.7 18 .4 24.5 3. 4 POLYPEDILUM FAL LAX 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.4 RHEOTANYTARSUS SP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.4 ZAVRELI A SP. 6.1 18.4 12.3 1.7 CRI COTOPUS SPP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.8 SYNOKfbOCLADIUS SP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.4 SPHAERIUM SPP. 18.4 0.0 9.2 1.3 TUTAL 901.8 546.0 723.9 E/O.i.G'i
| |
| | |
| 104 Table C-6. Density (no./m ) 6.id percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend III nn the Susquehanna River, 17 April 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON LYS-78-Oll L YS-78 -012 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL T RI CLADID A 0.0 6 .1 3.1 0.2 PROSTOMA SP. 0. 0 12.3 6.1 0.5 NE MATOD A 1607.4 208.6 908.0 73.3 N AID ID AE 6.1 30.7 18.4 1.5 TUBIFICIDAE 18.4 6.1 12.3 1.0 PLECOPTERA 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.5 POTAMANTHUS SPP. 18.4 30.7 24.5 2.0 EPHEMERELLA SPP. 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.5 PARAL EPTOPHLEBI A ADOPTIV A 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.2 ISONYCHIA SP. 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.5 HEPTAGENIIDAE 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.5 STENONEMA SPP. 0.0 24.5 12.3 1.0 STENONEMA FUSCUM 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.5 STENON EMA I NTERPUN CT ATUM 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 CHEUMATOPSYCHE SPP. 36.8 49.1 42.9 3.5 HYD RO"SYCHE BIFIDA GRP 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.5 HYDROFoYCHE PHALERATA 12.3 18.4 15.3 1.2 CERACLEA SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 OECETIS SPP. 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.5 STENELMIS SP. 18.4 12.3 15.3 1.2 STENELMIS BICARINATA( ADULTS) 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.2 EMP IDID AE 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 CHI RONOMID AE (PUPAE) 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 CHI RONOMID AE ( A DULTS ) 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.2 CONCHAPELOPIA SPP. 0.0 42.9 21.5 1.7 DICROTENDIPES MODESTUS 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.2 MICROTENDIPES SP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 POLYPEDILUM SPP. 6.1 18.4 12.3 1.0 POLYPEDILUM FALLAX 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 RHEOTANYTARSUS SP. 18.4 18.4 18.4 1.5 TANYTARSUS SP. 12.3 6.1 9.2 0.7 TRIBELOS FUSICORNIS 0. 0 6.1 3.1 0.2 Z AVRELI A SP. 18.4 12.3 15.3 1.2 CRI CDTOPUS SPP. 18.4 18.4 18.4 1.5 NANOCL ADIUS SP. 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.5 UNIDENTIFIED TERRESTRI AL 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.2 TOTAL 1858.8 619.6 1239.1
| |
| .T;'O.i.GS
| |
| | |
| 105 Table C-7. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the Susquehanna River, 14 June 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON LYS-7s-017 LYS-78 -018 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL P ROSTOMA SP. 6.1 36.8 21.5 0.1 NEMATODA 104.3 135.0 1 19. 6 0.7 N AIDID AE 5116.6 7079.8 6098.2 35.0 TUBIFICIDAE 822.1 8 58 .9 840.5 4.8 ASELLUS SP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 P LE COPT ER A 24.5 24.5 24.5 0.1 NEOPERLA CLYMENE 49.1 61.3 55.2 0.3 PHASGANOPHORA SP. 0.0 12.; 6.1 0.0 EPHORON SP. 110.4 49.1 79.8 0.5 P OT AMA NT HU S S P P. 55.2 122.7 89.0 0.5 CAENIS SP. 1276.1 1343.6 1309.8 7.5 LPHEME RELLA SPP. 12.3 49.1 30.7 0.2 EPHEMERELLA DEFICIENS 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 BAETID AE 36.8 0.0 18.4 0.1 B AETI S S P. 6.1 18.4 12.3 0.1 SI PHLONU RIDAE 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 ISONYCHI A SP. 1 28 .8 18.4 73.6 0.4 HEPTAG ENI ID AE 644.2 441.7 542.9 3.1 HEPTAGENIA SPP. 14 7.2 141.1 144.2 0.8 RHITHROGENA SP. 6.1 36.8 21. 5 0.1 ST EN ON EMA S PP. 67.5 42.9 55.2 0.3 SIALIS SP. 18.4 18.4 18.4 0.1 TRICHOPTERA (PUPAE) 6.1 30.7 18.4 0.1 H YD RO PS YC HID AE 374.2 5 58 .3 466.3 2.7 CHEUMATOPSYCHE SPP. 4865.0 2871.2 3868.1 22.2 HYDROPSYCHE SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 HYDRO PS YC HE PHALE RAT A 24.5 6.1 15.3 0.1 CERACLEA SPP. 18.4 0.0 9.2 0.1 OECETIS SPP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 OPTIOSERVUS SP. 18.4 30.7 24.5 0.1 STENELMIS SP. 92.0 147.2 119.6 0.7 SIMU LI ID AE 61.3 12.3 36.8 0.2 EMP ID IDAE 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 EMP ID IDAE (PUPAE) 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 CERATOPOGONIDAE 12.3 6 .1 9.2 0.1 CH I RON OMID AE 49.1 0.0 24.5 0.1 CHI RON OMI D AE (PUPAE) 67.5 98.2 82.8 0.5 CHI RON OMID AE (ADULTS) 6.1 18.4 12.3 0.1 ABLABESHYI A SPP. 12.3 24.5 18.4 0.1 ABLABESMYI A MALLOCHI 61.3 36.8 49.1 0.3 CONCHAPELOPIA SPP. 4 90 . 8 466.3 478.5 2.7 TANYPODINAE SP!1 98.2 1 16 .6 107.4 0.6 CHI RON OMI NA E 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 CRYPTOCHI RONOMUS SPP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 CRYPTOQil BONOMUS FULVUS 6.1 36.8 21.5 0.1 DICROTENDIPES MODESTUS 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 GLYPTOTENDIPES SP. 85.9 92.0 89.0 0.5 MICROTENDIPES SP. 24.5 18.4 21.5 0.1 PARAChIRONOMUS SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 PARACHIRONOMUS PECTINATELLAE 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 POLYPEDILUM SPP. 619.6 773.0 696.3 4.0 POLYPEDILUM F AL LAX 6.1 12.3 9.2 0.1 RHEOT ANYTARSUS SP. 957.1 1110.4 1033.7 5.9 TANYTARSUS SP. 104.3 110.4 107.4 0.6 ZAV RELI A SP. 300.6 374.2 3 37.4 1.9 ORT HOCL ADIIN AE 36.8 9852 67.5 0.4 CORYNONEU RA TARIS 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 CRICOTOPUS SPP. 30.7 12.3 21.5 0.1 CRICOTOPUS BICINCTUS 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 EUKIEFFERIELLA SPil 30.7 6.1 18.4 0.1 NANOCLADIUS SP. 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.0 THIENEMANNIELLA SPP. 18.4 0.0 9.2 0.1 UNIDENTIFIED TERR EST RI AL 12 . 3 0.0 6.1 0.0
| |
| 'IOTAL 17219.0 l'/ a 87 . 5 17403.0 NOgi$
| |
| | |
| 106 Table C-8. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 10 June 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON LYS 02 0 LYS-78-021 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL T hI CL A DID A 12 .3 0.0 6.1 0.0 P bO S10MA S P. 184.0 67.5 1 25.8 0.8 NEMATODA 55.2 30.7 42.9 0.3 N AI D ID AE 13588.9 3950.9 8769.9 59.0 10B I FICID AL 245.4 147.2 196.3 1.3 P LECOPT ERA 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 ACRCNEU RI A SPP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 hEOPERLA CLYhEhE 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 EPHOkON SP. 110.4 12.3 61.3 0.4 PU1'AMANTEUS SPP. 36.8 42.9 39.9 0.3 CAEh1S SP. 944.8 147.2 546.0 3.7 EPhEMERELLA SPP. 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.1 EPHEMERELLA DEFICIEh5 42.9 0.0 21.5 0.1 EPhEMEEELLA SGRDIDA 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.0 BAETIS SP. 24.5 18.4 21. 5 0.1 EET EROCLO EGh SP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 ISONYCHI A SP. 834.4 92.0 463.2 3.1 nEPTAGENIIDAL 32 5.2 104.3 214.7 1.4 HEPTAGENIA SPP. 85.9 73.6 79.8 0.5 STEhOhEKA SPP. 6.1 30.7 18.4 0.1 ST Eh0N EMA INTERPUhCTATOM 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 ST Eh 0N E MA N EPOT ELL Uh 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 SIALIS SP. 42.9 0.0 21.5 0.1 CCRYDALUS C0hh0105 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 Th1Ch0P1LhA (PUPAE) 18.4 24.5 21.5 0.1 H YD ROPS YC hID AL 42.9 24.5 33.7 0.2 ChEUMATOPSYCHE SFP. 1638,0 582.8 1110.4 7.5 HYO h0PSYC hE PhALEhAT A 49.1 24.5 36.8 0.2 MACRONEMA ZABRATA 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 LEPTOCERID AL 98.2 24.5 61.3 0.4 CERACLE A SPP. 0.0 159.5 79.8 0.5 C Eh ACLE A MACU LAT A 245.4 30.7 138.0 0.9 CEhACLEA NEFFI 30.7 0.0 15.3 0.1 OECETIS SPP. 12.3 12.3 12.3 0.1 ST EN E LMI S S P. 147.2 85.9 116.6 0.8 STENELMIS BICARINAI A( ADULTS) 6.. 0.0 3.1 0.0 SIMUL 11DAE 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 EMP ID ID AE 30.7 0.0 15.3 0.1 ChIh0NCN' NAE (PUFAE) 135.0 73.6 104.3 0.7 CHIRON Cr. ;D AE ( ADU LTS ) 12.3 6.1 9.2 0.1 ABLABESMYI A MALLOChI 55.2 24.5 39.9 0.3 CONCHAPELOPI A SPP. 190.2 42.9 116.6 0.8 TANYPODINAE SPil 67.5 24.5 46.0 0.3 CHIRONOMINAE 55.2 104.3 79.8 0.5 ChIRONOMOS SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 GLYPTOTENDIPES SP. 98.2 24.5 61.3 0.4 MICROTENDIPES SP. 49.1 0.0 24.5 0.2 POLYPEDILUM SPP. 926.4 343.6 635.0 4.3 POLYPEDILUM FALLAX 6.1 12.3 9.2 0.1 hhEOT ANYTARSUS SP. 1282.2 306.7 794.5 5.3 TANYTARSUS SP. 49.1 30.7 39.9 0.3 ZAV RELI A SP. 67.5 73.6 70.6 0.5 CARDIOCL ADIUS SP . 6.) 0.0 3.1 0.0 CRI COTOPUS SPP. 116.6 282.2 199.4 1.3 CRI COTOPUS BICINCTUS 18.4 6.1 12.3 0.1 EUKI EFFERIELLA SPil 98.2 12.3 55.2 0.4 hANOCLADIUS SP. 1 16 .6 104 .3 110.4 0.7 THIENEMAhh1ELLA SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 UNID ENTIFIED TERREST RI AL 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 SPhAERIUM SPP. 141.1 85.9 1 13. 5 0.8 TUIAL 22432.8 7288.0 14859.5 $7g
| |
| | |
| 107 Table C-9. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna PJver, 13 June 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collectien number.
| |
| TAXON LYS 02 3 LYS-78-024 MEAN /ERCENT TOTAt PROSTOMA SP. 30.7 73.6 52.1 0.3-NEMATODA 294.5 135.0 214.7 3.o N AIDID AE 2325.2 3435.6 2880.4 47.8 TUBIFICIDAE 208.6 687.1 447.9 7.4 GAMMARUS SP. 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.1 ACRON EU RI A SF ?. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.1 hEOPERLA CLYMENE 6.1 24.5 15.3 0.3 '
| |
| EPHOkON SP. 61.3 55.2 58.3 1. 0 POTAMANThUS SPP. 1 28. 8 92.0 110.4 1.8 CAENIS SP. 380.4 312.9 346.6 5.8 ,
| |
| BAETIS SP. 0.0 18.4 9.2 0.2 ISONYCHI A SP. 6.1 42.9 24.5 0.4 hEPTAGENIIDAE 331.3 404.9 368.1 6.1 HEPTAGENIA SPP. 196.3 208.6 202.5 3.4 STEN ON EMA SPP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.1 ST EN ON EMA GI LD E RS LE EV EI 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.2 ST EN ON EMA N EPOTELL UM 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.1 SIALIS SP. 24.5 147.2- '85.9 1.4 TRI C HOPT ER A (PU PA E ) 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.1 hYD RO PS YC h1D AE 6.1 251.5 128.8 2.1 CHEUMATOPSYCHE SPP. 2 27.0 202.5 214.7 3.6 CEkACL EA SPP. 0.0 18.4 9.2 0.2 CERACLEA NEFFI 0.0 6 .1 3.1 0.1 OECETIS SPP. 18.4 30.7 24.5 0.4 D1hEUTES SP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.1 '
| |
| 12.3 ST ENELMIS S P. 61.3 36.8 0.6 SIMU LI ID AE 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.1 EMP I D ID AE 6.1 6.1 6.1 0.3 CERATOPOGOh1DAE 0.0 30.7 15.3 0.3 ChlROh0MIDAE 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.2 CHI RON OMI D AE (PUPAE) 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.2 CHI RON OMID AE ( ADULTS) 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.1 ABLABESMYI A MALLOCH1 92.0 49.1 70.6 1.2 CONCRAPELOPI A SPP. 85.9 110 .4 98.2 1.6 T ANY PO DIN AE SPol 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.1 ChYPTOCHIkOh0MUS SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.1 ChYPTO th i kOh0MUS F U LVU S 24.5 55.2 39.9 0.7 DICh01 ENDIP ES SPP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.1 GLYPTOTENDIPES SP. 12.3 42.9 27.6 0.5 MICh0TENDIPES SP. 67.5 67.5 67.5 1.1 iCLYPED1LUP. SPP. 67.5 104.3 85.9 1.4 hhEOTAhY1 AhSUS SP. 6.1 42.9 24.5 0.4 -
| |
| TAhYTAhSUS SE. 104.3 42.9 73.6 1.2 Z AV hell A SP. 42.9 55.2 49.1 0.8 Ch1COTOPOS SPP. 36.8 55.2 46.0 0.8 NAh0CLADIUS SP. 16.4 177.9 98.2 1.6 SPhAERIUM SPP. 24.5 0.0 12.3 0.2 TOT AL 4932.3 7122.5 6027.3 , ,
| |
| p, .
| |
| A b. ..&)
| |
| t 4
| |
| | |
| i' a e' .;
| |
| 308 2
| |
| Table C-10. Density (no./m ) anu percent to tal of benthic marrei nyertebrates collected
| |
| ~
| |
| with e dome samplet at Bell Bend III on the Susquenc7na river, 15 June 1978 Replicates are in.ficated by cellee tion number.
| |
| F TATON LYR-78-026 Li s 0 27 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL
| |
| ~
| |
| hYDEA SN. 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.0
| |
| - TkICLADIDA 6.1 6 .1 6 .1. 0.0 Ph0510KA SF. 61.3 61.3 61.3 0.5 NLFATODA 92.0 30.7 61.3 0.5 N AID ID AE 3865.0 3441.7 3653.4 28.3 10blFICIDAL 877.3 343.6 610.4 4.7 GAMMARUS SF. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 ASTACIDAL 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 PL LLOP1 LH A 6.1 24.5 15.3 0.1 PLhLIDAL 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 hEOPEhLA CLYMLht 18.4 42.9 30,7 0.2 LPHOhoh St. 55.2 36.8 46.0 0.4
| |
| ,,, FOTAMAbihuS SPP. '98.2 104.3 101.2 0. 8 '
| |
| CAEh!S SP. 1331.3 1214.7 1273.0 9.9 LPhLMERELLA SFP. 0. 0 6.1 3.1 0.0 BALTIS SP. N7.9 42.9 42.9 0.3 1.50NYChlA SP. 36.8 98.2 67.5 0.5 HLFTSGLh11DAE 1245.4' 957.1 1 10 i.2 8.5 h LPT.T GL ti" .1 CFP. 496.9 546.0 521.5 4.0 hh1ThhCuLNA SP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 ST LtCx c A A S F P. , ,24.s 12.3 18.4 0.1 SI?.LIS SP. ' 55.2 79.8 67.5 0.5 TSICh0PTEhA (FDPAL)
| |
| * 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 Tc1Ch0PTLhA ( A rbLTo) 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.0 HYL HOPSYCh1D AE 552.1 582.8 567.5 4.4 CnUU MATOPSYCHL SFP, 2362.0 2055.2 2208.6 17.1 htDh0FSYChL PHALEFAri 42.9 24.5 33.7 0.3 LFPTO CL k!D/t r - 6.1 0.0 3.1 9.0 OECUTIS S FF . 12.3 67.5 39.9 0.3 O PT I OS E hV L S ' S F -. 18.4' 19.4 18.4 0.1 STENELMIS SP. 24.5 12.3 18.4 0.1 S1hCLIIDAL. 12.3 18.4 15.3 0.1 CFPIDIDAE. 6.1 0.0 3.1 9.0 LLBATuroGOhlDAE 0.0 24.5 l _' . 3 0.1 CHI BOh0MID AE 24.5 0.0 12.3 0.1 Ch1 ROh0 MIL AE (PDFAL) 49.1 36.8 42.9 0.3 Chl bOh0MID AL (ALULTS) 79.8 67.5 73.6 0.6 ABUW3ESMil A SPP. 0.0 18.4 9.2 0.1 ABLnBLSMilA MALLOCh1 122.7 190.2 156.4 1.2 CONCnAPLLOFIA SPP. 300.6 177.9 239,3 7.9 1ANYPODINAL SEs) 67.5 92.0 79.8 U.6 ChiPTOCn1POh0MUS S.tP. 6.1, 0.0 3.1 0.0 ChYPTOChlhoh0*tOS ECLVUS 42.9 12.3 27.6 0.2 GLiPTOTLhDIFh3 br. 39 7 49.1 39.9 0.3
| |
| 'N , MICh01LNDIPt 3 S P. 79.'i 98.2 89.0 0.7 POLYPLDILUn FPP. 362.0 JQ9.2 435.6 3.4 POLYP ED1 LUM FALLAX 24.5 '
| |
| 'J . 0 12.3 0.1 khEOTANYTAhSUS SP. 202.5 411.7 322.1 2.5 TANYTAh5US SP. 67.5 Jo.b 52.1 0'. 4 Z AV RELI A SP. 441.7 374.2 408.0 3.2 COhYh0h EU hA TARIS 24.5 0.0 12.3 0.1 j CR10010 PUS SPP. 36.8, 14 1".1 89.0 0.7
| |
| ^
| |
| - , UU KIEF FEhlELLA SPil ~0. 0 12.3 6.1 0.0 n' hah 0CLADIUS SP. 55.1 1C;.3 79.8 0.6
| |
| ~ '
| |
| THIENLMANNI ELLA SPP. 61.3 24.5 42.9 0.3 24.5 EP HAL81 UM S PP . -
| |
| 36.8 30.7 0.2 s
| |
| ' 1 OTAL , _ 13483.2 12299.7 12890.9 9
| |
| /
| |
| . .J ( U.A.JLMa d/ l ,?
| |
| | |
| 109 Table C-11. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES I on the S'tsquehanna River, 10 October 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON LYS 0 3 9 LY S 0 40 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL AL LO EO OO E LA 12.3 12.3 12.3 0.0 TRICL ADI DA 625.8 6 50 . 3 638,0 1.2 PROSTOMA SP. 263.8 171.8 217.8 0.4 N EMATOD A 55.2 49 1 52.1 0.1 N AID ID AE 5877.3 7539.9 6708.6 12.7 TUBIFICIDAE 717.6 969.3 843.6 1.6 GAMMARUS SP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 PE RLI D AE 30 , 7 73.6 52.1 0.1 POT AMA NT hU S S P P. 12.3 30.7 21.5 0.0 CAENIS SP. 6.1 18.4 12.3 0.0 EPHEME RELLA CPP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 ISONYCHIA SP. 0.0 61.3 30.7 0.1 HEPTAGENIIDAE 257.7 466.3 362.0 0.7 ST EN LN EMA S PP. 141.1 398.8 269.9 0.5 Fr EN ON E MA IT HACA 12.3 24.5 18.4 0.0 COENAGRIONIDAE 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 SIALIS SP. 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.0 NEU RECLIPSIS SP. 110.4 392.6 251.5 0.5 h YD ROPS YC HID AE 1773.0 1447.9 1610.4 3.0 CH EU MATOPS YC HE SPP. 12380.3 16290.1 14285.2 27.0 HYDROPSYCHE SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 HYDROPSYChE BIFIDA GRP 67.5 2 14 .7 14 1.1 0.3 H YD RO PS YC HE P HALER AT A 1159.5 1220.9 1190.2 2.2 MACRON EMA SPP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 h YD RO PTILI D AE 73.6 104.3 89.0 0.2 AG RA YL E A S P. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 PTISLOSTOMIS SP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 LEPTO CER ID AE 171.8 638.0 404.9 0.8 CERACLLA SPP. 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.0 CERACLEA MACULAT A 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 OECETIS SPP. 98.2 460,1 279.1 0.5 OECETIS CINERACEh5 2 14.7 466.3 340.5 0.6 BEROSUS SP, 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.0 ELMID AE (ADULTS) 24.5 0.0 12.3 0.0 OPTIOSERVUS SP. 6.1 61.3 33.7 0.1 ST EN E LMI S S P . 79.8 300.6 190.2 0.4 STENELMIS BICARINATA(ADULTS) 36.8 55.2 46.0 0.1 SI MU LI ID AE 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.0 EMP I DID AE 1049.1 1938.7 1493.9 2.8 CH I RO NOMID AE 355.8 24.5 190.2 0.4 CH I RON OMI D AE (PUPAE) 110.4 61.3 85.9 0.2 ABLABESMYI A SPP. 0.0 49.1 24.5 0.0 CONCHAPELOPIA SPP. 4104.3 7478.5 5791.4 10.9 PSECTROTANYPUS SP. 0.0 49.1 24.5 0.0 CH I RON OMIN A E 12.3 U.9 6.1 0.0 CHIRONOMUS SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS FU LVUS 6.1 12.3 9.2 0.0 DICROTENDIPES SPP. 4 66 .3 779.1 622.7 1.2 DICROTENDIPES MODESTU S 85.9 49.1 67.5 0.1 ENDOCHIRONOMUS SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 GLiPTOTENDIPES SP. 269.9 490.8 380.4 0.7 MICROTENDIPES SP. 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.0 P ARACHIRONOMUS SPP. 0.0 98.2 49.1 0.1 POLYPEDILUM SPP. 4717.8 7496.9 6107.4 11.5 RHEOT ANYTARSUS SP. 7631.9 9496.9 8564.4 16.2 TANYTARSUS SP. 73.6 171.8 122.7 0.2 ZAV RELI A SP. 49.1 49.1 49.1 0.1 CRICOTCPUS SPP. 1 53. 4 196.3 174.8 0.3 CRIO3TOPUS BICINCTUS 411.0 840.5 625.8 1.2 EUKIEFFERIELLA SPil 85.9 159.5 122.7 0.2 NANOCLADIUS SP. 104.3 196.3 150.3 0.3 PISIDIUM SP. 'U.4 18.4 18.4 0.0 SPHAERIUM SPP. ).1 1 10 .4 79.8
| |
| . A, .ua gj. yg TOTAL 44016.5 61893.6 52954.4
| |
| | |
| 110 Table C-12. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at SSES II on the Susquehanna River, 10 October 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON LYS-78-042 LYS-78-043 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL ALLOEOCOE LA 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 T RI CL ADIDA 674.8 177.9 426.4 1.5 PROSTOMA SP. 349.7 85.9 217.8 0.8 NEMATODA 116.6 0.0 58.3 0.2 NAID ID AE 1858.9 582.8 1220.9 4.4 TU BI FICID AE 742.3 61.3 401.8 1.4 PHASGANOPHORA SP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 POTAMANTHUS SPP. 36.8 6.1 21.5 0.1 CAENIS SP. 85.9 0.0 42.9 0.2 LPHEMERELLA SPP. 18.4 0.0 9.2 0.0 ISONYCHIA SP. 122.7 36.8 79.8 0.3 HEPTAGENIIDAS 484.7 98.2 291.4 1.0 STENONEMA SPP. 509.2 227.0 368.1 1.3 STENONEMA FUSCUM 36.8 0.0 18.4 0.1 STENONEMA INTERPUNCTATUM 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 STENONEMA ITHACA 24.5 6.1 15.3 0.1 NEU RECLIPSIS SP. 362.0 73.6 2 17.8 0.8 hYDHOPSYCHIDAE 2159.5 6 50.3 1404.9 5.0 CHEUMATOPSYCHE SFP. 12374.2 4288.3 8331.3 29.8 HYDROPSYChE DIFIDA GRP 141.1 18.4 79.8 0.3 HYD ROPSYCHE PRALERATA 1374.2 349.7 862.0 3.1 MACRON E MA S P P. 42.9 0.0 21.5 0.1 HYD ROPTILID AE 79.8 49.1 64.4 0.2 LEPTO CERID AE 423.3 116.6 269.9 1.0 CERACLEA SPP. 55.2 0.0 27.6 0.1 OECETIS SPP. 73.6 6.1 39.9 0.1 OECETIS CIhEhACENS 349.7 98.2 2 23.9 0.8 ELMIDAE ( ALULTS) 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 STENELMIS S P. 67.5 67.5 67.5 0.2 EMP ID ID AE 245.4 122.7 18 4.0 0.7 chi bONOMID AE 12.3 36.8 24.5 0.1 CHIh0h0MIDAL (PUPAE) 98.2 49.1 73.6 0.3 CONChAPELOPI A SPP. 5073.6 1638.0 3355.8 12.0 LRYP10ChIh0h0MUS FULVUS 0. 0 6.1 3.1 0.0 DI Ch0TENDIPEb bPP. 349.7 92.0 2 20 .9 0.8 DICh01ENUIPES MODEb105 24 . 5 30.7 27.6 0.1 thDOChIh0h0MUS SPP. 0. 0 6.1 3.1 0.0 GLiPTOTEhDIPES SP. 190.2 49.1 1 19 .6 0.4 MIch0TEhDIPES SP. 18.4 0.0 9.2 0.0 PAhAChlh0NOMUS PECTINA1ELLAE 24.5 0.0 12.3 0.0 POLYPEDILUh SPP. 5950.9 2865.0 4408.0 15.7 hhE01AhY1AhSUS SP. 5865.0 1576.7 3720.9 13.3 TANYTARSUS SP. 24.5 6.1 15.3 0.1 CRILO10PLS SPP. 135.0 36.8 85.9 0.3 Chl O3" OPUS BICINCIUS 171.8 110.4 14 1.1 0.5 EUKI6. EEh1ELLA SPil 79.8 24.5 52.1 0.2 NAh0CLADIUS SP. 466.3 104.3 28 5. 3 1.0 PISIDIUM SP. 6.1 30.7 18.4 0.1 SPhAEh1UM SPP . 785.3 85.9 435.6 1.6 TOTAL 42102.8 13882.8 27992.3 370114
| |
| | |
| 111 Table C-13. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I on the Susquehanna River, 12 October 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXOh LYS 0 4 5 LYS-78-046 MEAN PERCENT TOTAL HYD RA SP. 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.2 ALLO EOCOE LA 18.4 0.0 9.2 0.1 TRI CL ADID A 104.3 79.8 92.0 1.2 PHO STOMA S P. 20 8.6 865.0 536.8 7.2 hEMATODA 122.7
| |
| * 6.1 64.4 0.9 NAID ID AE 779.1 2079.8 1429.4 19.3 TUBIFICIDAE 3 37. 4 484.7 411.0 5.5 POTAMANThD S SPP. 49.1 55.2 52.1 0.7 CAENIS SP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.1 HEPTAGENIIDAE 42.9 233.1 1 38 .0 1.9 STENONEMA SPP. 251.5 141.1 196.3 2.6 ST Eh0 NEMA INTERPUNCTATUM 0.0 67.3 33.7 0.5 COENAG hI ON ID AE 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 SIALIS SP. 6.1 12.3 9.2 0.1 NEU RECLIPSIS SP. 141.1 214 .7 177.9 2.4 ChEUMATOPSYCHE SPP. 1533.7 822.1 1177.9 15.9 hYDFOPSYCHE PHALERATA 61.3 18.4 39.9 0.5 LEPTOCERID AE 0. 0 539.9 269.9 3.6 CERACL'EA SPP. 6.1 24.5 15.3 0.2 OECETIS SPP. 36.8 570.6 303.7 4.1 OECETIS CINERACENS 42.9 18.4 30.7 0.4 BEh05US SP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 STENELMIS SP. 12.3 6.1 9.2 0.1 EMP ID ID AE 24.5 128.8 76.7 1.0 CERATOPOGOh1DAE 0.0 49.1 24.5 0.3 Ch1 BONOMID AE 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 CHI h0NOMID AE (PUPAE) 24.5 79.8 52.1 0.7 ABLABESMYI A SPP. 0.0 122.7 61.3 0.8 00hCHAPELOPI A SPP. 28 8.3 404.9 346.6 4.7 CRYPTOCHIR0h0MUS SPP. 6.1 0.0 3.1 0.0 CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS FULVUS 30.7 24.5 27.6 0.4 DICROTENDIPES SPP. 171.8 319.0 245.4 3.3 DICh0TENDIPES MODESTUS 30.7 0.0 15.3 0.2 ENDOCHIRONOMUS SPP. 24.5 24.5 24.5 0.3 GLYPTOTENDIPES SP. 110.4 288.3 199.4 2.7 POLYPEDILUM SPP. 447.9 490.8 469.3 C.3 RhEOTANYTARSUS SP. 398.8 349.7 374.2 5.0 TANYTARSUS SP. 24.5 171.8 98.2 1.3 Z AV RELI A SP . 24.5 98.2 61.3 0.8 CRICOTOPUS BICINCTUS 0. 0 24.5 12.3 0.2 hANOCLADIUS SP. 1 10. 4 263.8 187.1 2.5 PISIDIUM SP. 24.5 177.9 101.2 1.4 SPHAEHIUM SPP . 24.5 12.3 18.4 0.2 TOTAL 5533.5 9312.7 7423.1 (grxsw 2 --
| |
| => ( 'J.L El
| |
| | |
| 112 Table C-14. Density (no./m ) and percent total of benthic macroinvertebrates collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend III on the Susquehanna River, 12 October 1978.
| |
| Replicates are indicated by collection number.
| |
| TAXON LYS 0 48 LYS-78-049 M EAN PERCENT TOTAL ALLOEOCOE LA 6.1 12.3 9.2 0.0 T RI CL ADID A 447.9 490.8 469.3 2.0 PHO STOMA SP. 1607.4 411.0 1009.2 4.3 hEMATODA 177.9 55.2 116.6 0.5 NAID ID AE 2533.7 2797.5 2665.6 11.3 TUBIFICIDAE 901.8 515.3 708.6 3.0 POTPMA NT HU S S PP. 73.6 36.8 55.2 0.2 CAENIS SP. 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 TRI CORYTHOCES SP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 HEPTAGENIIDAE 754.6 503.1 628.8 2.7 STENON EMA SPP. 349.7 319.0 334.4 1.4 STENONEMA ITHACA 18.4 6.1 12.3 0.1 STENON EMA NEPOTELLUM 0.0 12.3 6.1 0.0 SIALIS SP. 6.1 30.7 18.4 0.1 POLYCENT RO PODID AE 49.1 49.1 49.1 0.2 hEU RECLIPFIS SP. 165.6 251.5 208.6 0.9 HYD ROP S YC HID AE 742.3 380.4 561.3 2.4 CHEUMATOPSiCHE SPP. 4 693.3 3920.2 4306.7 18.3 hYDROPSYCHE SPP. 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.1 HYDBOPSYCHE BIFIDA GRP 0.0 18.4 9.2 0.0 H YD RO PS YC HE PHALERATA 331.3 153.4 242.3 1.0 HYD ROPTILID AE 24.5 49.1 36.8 0.2 L EPTOCERID AE 319.0 122.7 220.9 0.9 CERACL EA SPP. 49.1 73.6 61.3 0.3 OECETIS SPP. 257.7 135.0 196.3 0.8 OECETIS CINERACENS 349.7 269.9 309.8 1.3 DUBIRAPHIA SP. 24.5 0.0 12.3 0.1 OPTIOSERVUS SP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 STENELMIS SP. 61.3 79.8 70.6 0.3 EMPIDIDAE 674.8 147.2 411.0 1.7 CERATOPOGONIDAE 24.5 0.0 12.3 0.1 CHI RON OMI D AE 1 28. 8 104.3 116.6 0.5 CHIRONOMIDAE (PUPAE) 30.7 153.4 92.0 0.4 ABLABESMYI A SPP. 147.2 24.5 85.9 0.4 CONCHAPELOPI A SPP. 3908.0 4417.2 4162.6 17.7 CHIRONOMUS SPP. 0.0 6.1 3.1 0.0 CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS FULVUS 42.9 79.8 61.3 0.3 DICROTEi4DIPES SPP. 343.6 711.7 527.6 2.2 DICROTENDIPES MODESTU S 6.1 30 .7 18.4 0.1 ENDOCHIRONOMUS SPP. 24.5 24.5 24.5 0.1 GLYPTOTENDIPES SP. 435.6 50 9.2 472.4 2.0 MICROTENDIPES SP, 0.0 30.7 15.3 0.1 POLYPEDILUM SPP. 2024.5 2331.3 2177.9 9.3 RHEOT ANYTARSUS SP . 18 34.4 2263.8 2049.1 8.7 TANYTARSUS SP. 122.7 73.6 98.2 0.4 TRIBELOS JUCUNDUS 12.3 0.0 6.1 0.0 ZAV RELI A SP. 147.2 73.6 110. 4 0.5 CRI COTOPUS SPP. 24.5 24.5 24.5 0.1 CHICOTOPUS BICINCTUS 0. 0 67.5 33.7 0.1 EUKI EFFERIELLA SP81 24.5 0.0 12.3 0.1 NANOCLADIUS SP. 276.1 282.2 279.1 1.2 UNIDENTIFIED TERRESTRI AL 0.0 24.5 12.3 0.1 PISIDIUM SP. 104.3 1 16 .6 110. 4 0.5 SPHAERIUM SPP. 30 0.6 196.3 248.5 1.1 TOTAL 24593.4 22421.8 23507.4 97011G
| |
| | |
| 113 Tabla C-15. Benthic macroinvertebrates collected to done samples at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River. 1975-78 An asterisk Jenotes macroinvertebrates collected for the first time in done samples to 1978.
| |
| SSES BELL BEND SSES BELL BEND Coelen te rs ta Ephemeroptera (cont.)
| |
| Hydroida Siphlonuridae hydm sp. X X Isenychia sp. X X Platyhelminthes Heptagen11da.
| |
| Turbe11 aria Frecrus ep. X X Alloeocoela X X Brp tagenia spP. X X I X Rhithrogena sp. X X*
| |
| Triciadida Nemestes Stenaem gildersleetsei X*
| |
| S. interpmetate X X Tet ras temma tidae Fmetm2 sp. I X Stencmz fusem X X hematoda X X S. ithaa2 X X Endoprocta 3, nepotell e X X I S. rubrm X UmiteIla gneiiis Stas:nem spp. X X Annelida 011gochae ta Odonata Naididae X X Coenagrionidae X X Tubificidae X X Megaloptera Arthropoda Stalidae Sialis sp. X X Crus tacea
| |
| !aopoda , Corydalidae Asellus sp. X X (%2uliodes sp. I Amph:poda Coryciilus ernutus X*
| |
| OsP*Ir:ss sp. X X Trichoptera Decapode Glossosomatidae Aatacidae X* Pmtcptila sp. X Insecta Philopotamidae Collembola Chimrm obscum X X 1sotomidae Polycentropodidae Isotra p2!astris X X Neunrelipsis sp. X X Plecoptera Poly Nntmpus sp. X X Taeniop te ry gidae Hydropsychidae Taeniq Cere r sp. K 1 Ch6w tog syche opp. X X Leuctridae Hydrqsychs bifi12 grp. X X Leucem sp. X y, p3 2?cmta X X Perlidae #3dmpsyche opp. X X Acme:sria abnomia K, Miemnem camlin2 X X, M. ad m tum X X A. :f Neias Aeroneuria app. X X Ai;emum spp. X Neoperia elyvne X X Hydroptilidae X X Phasyznopham 01ritata X Agmylea sp. X*
| |
| Thasyrnqhom sp. X X Phtyganeidae Feries ta sp. X Ptilosto&s sp. X*
| |
| Ephemerop t e ra lep toce ridae X X Ephemeridae remelea an?glas X Qhevem sp. X C. Neulata X Polymitarcidae ~. wffi X* X*
| |
| Chamn sp. C. F-@ha X X X X Po t aman thidae I t.2rsi; une ta *.a X X Tc tamnthus epp. X X Camele1 spp. X X Caenidae Weetqsye'he sp. X
| |
| :aenia sp. X X l'eeetis einems%ns X X Trico ry thidae 'w nspici2 X
| |
| 'T eorythodes sp. X* Cecatis spp. X X Ephemerellidae 14pidop te ra
| |
| : U vnplia biecler X Noc tuidae X*
| |
| r:lis X Coleoptera
| |
| -f er.s X X Cyrinidae
| |
| -la X X Dinsuces sp. X*
| |
| iz X* Hydrophilidae ,
| |
| : f. e ri X liemsus sp. X X E;m s vila spp. X X Psephenidae Lep tophlebildae Tsephen:es herri?Iri X Famlere ghlebia airtirn2 X* Elmidae Baetidae pubimphia sp. X X X Orthserws sp. X X Baetia sp. X Hetemeloean sp. X* Stenelds bio 1rinat1 X* X*
| |
| X Stensleis sp. X X Es h ioesn sp. X Q1/ h / i O gg m./ 4 91.3. l. (
| |
| 0 0 oo
| |
| ~
| |
| D 3 o 1] 8 _ - ]
| |
| | |
| 114 Table C-15 (cont.)
| |
| SSES BELL BEND SSES BELL BEND Diptera Mollusca Tipulidae Cas t ropoda Antochrt aarfeola X X Phymidae Simultidae X X Physa sp. K Empididae X X Lynnaeidae Ceratopogonidae X X lemnaea sp. X Chironomidae Ancylidae Tanypodinae Ferriasia sp. I Ablabeawia ma!Zoohi I I pelecypodae A. or=:ata I Sphaert idae A. re!censis K Pialliwn sp. K K A. Phriphe X Sphaeriwe spp. I K Ablabesapia spp. X X Con 0hge!cpia spp. I X Mrrmre!q i> sp. X, X Pmchdius op. K Fae trotanypus sp. I, Tanypodinae sp. #1 I 1 Chironominae Chim iccrua X Chiresnua spp. X X Cryptochirtsmus bMnna I I C. fuIta a X X Ce itochirc%w:.a spp.
| |
| t X X Msr rtxhiromm e op. K Nerotundirsa visatus I X Dierctendips app. X X Endochironcw%s spp. I K Glyptotendif ta sp. K K
| |
| #iempaaotm sp. X* I
| |
| #feretendipes sp. I X Far1 hirononma cannatus K F. nucnochmer.a X X P. fectirk2tellae X X Fumahirenn spp. K Tc? prediIr f2 !2r x* K*
| |
| Polype E!wn app. x I hhectar.yCarska sp. X X E*enochirc%w sp. K Stietochircnssa sp. K "2nytarska sp. X X n ibeloa lGaicomia K*
| |
| T .4.esd:.a X*
| |
| Zarrelia sp. K I Diamesinae Diarwaa sp. #4 X X N. rwa 2 spp. I Fae:+1'liamesa sp, X Orthocladiinae brillia sp. I CaFRocladius sp. 1*
| |
| Ctes ncneum taria K K Cristepus bieinctus K K Cricctopus spp. I I Ekkisfferiella sp. il X X F. merulescena grp, sp. ft X X Ee!sretrissoo?adika sp. I K Emoel.Jius sp. I I Crthocladius sp. I F2nrweriocnew sp. X, hheocricotopus spp. 1 X Syncethoeladius sp. I I Thienennmnialla spp. K I D**O 370.L18 ao e
| |
| mID ~
| |
| o N b- 3
| |
| | |
| 115 Table C-16. Dry weight of benthic macroinvertebrates (mg/m ) collected with a dome sampler at SSES I and II on the Susquehanna River in April, June, and October 1978. .
| |
| S S ES 1 PERCENT SSES 11 PERCENT SITE JUN OCT TOTAL APR JUN OCT TOTAL MONTH APR T AXO N 98.2 1.9 <0.1 0.0 6.1 0.1 TRICL ADID A 0.0 0.0 12.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 TETRAST EMMATID AE 0.0 0.0
| |
| <0.1 (0.1 <0.1 <0.1 6.1 0.0 <0.1 0.1 NEMATODA 12.3 2.1 OLICDCHAETA 6.1 141.1 135.0 5.4 18.4 67.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 0.0 0.0 122.7 2.6 PTERON ARCID AE 92.0 1.9 PE hLID AE 0.0 6.1 135.0 2.7 0.0 (0.1 POLY MIT ARCID AE 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 POTAMANT HID AE 12.3 98.2 12.3 2.3 12.3 79.8 6.1 2.1 (0.1 0.1 <0.1 6.1 <0.1 0.1 CAENIDAE 0.0 6.1 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.1 EPhEME RELLID AE 0.0 30.7 (0.1 0.6
| |
| <0.1 0.0 12.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 BAETIDAE 6.1 24.5 0.8 (0.1 196.3 12.3 4.0 6.1 SI PHLOh U RID AE 104.3 HEPT AG ENIID AE 6.1 177.9 122.7 5.8 6.1 49.1 3.4 0.0 0.0 <0.1 (0.1 0.0 0.0 a.0 <0.1 COENAGRIONID AE 1.0 SI ALID AE 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 0.0 49.1 T k1 CHOPTER A (PUP AE) 0.0 36.8 0.0 0.7 0.0 30.7 0.0 0.6 0.0 (0.1 (0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 s0.1 PHILOPOTAMIDAE 0.0 0.0 85.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 30.7 0.6 POLYCEhTROPCDIDAE 0.0 HYDROE S YCHID AE 12.3 61.3 3184.0 61.9 404.9 6.1 2699.4 65.8 (0.1 <0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1 HYDROFTILID AE 0.0 0.0 LLPTOCEh1DAE 0.0 <0.1 42.9 0.8 <0.1 12.3 18.4 0.6 36.8 24.5 55.2 2.2 42.9 12.3 18.4 1.6 ELMID AE 6.1 0.3 0.0 6.1 24.5 0.6 6.1 0.0 LLMIDAE ( A DU LTS) (0 .1 DIPTERA ( ADU LTS ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 TI PULI DAL 0.0 (0.1 0.0 6.1 <0.1 0.1 0.0 <0.1 SIMUL 11DAE 0.0 <0.1 0.0 (0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 0.0 SIMUL 11DAE (PUP AE) 6.1 6.1 0.4 EMPIDIDAE (0.1 <0.1 12.3 0.2 6.1
| |
| <0.1 EMP IDID AE (PU P AE) 0.0 (0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1 0.0 0.0 (0.1 (0.1 CERATOPOGOh1DAE 0.0 0.0 6.1 92.0 208.6 5.8 18.4 24.5 208 .6 5.3 Ch1RON OMID AE 0.1 CHIH0h CMID AE (PUP AE) 0.0 12.3 (0.1 0.2 0.0 6.1 <0.1 0.0 (0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 (0.1 0.0 <0.1 CH1bOh0MID AE tAwLTS) 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 UNIDENTIFIED TERRESTRIAL 0. 0 6.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 122.7 2.3 6.1 429.4 49.1 10.2 S PHAER11D AE 79.8 920 . 2 4263.8 533.7 687.1 3509.2 TOTAL 370119
| |
| | |
| 116 Table C-17. Dry weight of benthic macroinvertebrates (mg/m ) collected with a dome sampler at Bell Bend I and III cn the Susquehanna River in April, June, and October 1978.
| |
| SITE DELL BEND I P ERC ENT BELL BEND III PERCENT MONTH APk Juh OCT TOTAL APR JUN OCT TOTAL TAXON HYD RID AE <0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 0.0 (0.1 TkI CLADID A 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.6 0.0 .v .1 116.6 5.3 T ETRAST EMMATID AE 0.0 0.0 36.8 3.6 0.0 0.0 42.9 1. 9 hEMATODA <0.1 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 12.3 <0.1 0.0 0.6 OLIGOCHAETA 61.3 116.6 20.1 AS EL LID AE 30.7 (0.1 98.2 12.3 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 0.0 (0.1 0.0 <0.1 ASTACIDAE 0.0 55.2 0.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1 ISOTOMIDAE <0.1 0.0 0.0 <0.1 P ER LID AE 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.3 EPHEME RID AE 0.0 0.0 0.0 POLYMITARCIDAE
| |
| <0.1 0.0 0.0 30.7 1.4 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.3 POTAMANTHIDAE 6.1 110.4 11.2 <0.1 CAENID AE 0.0 104.3 73.6 8.1 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.3 EPHEME RELLID AE 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 0.0 B AETID AE 6.1 6.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.3 SIPHLON U RID AE 6.1 6.1 0.0 1.2 6.1 <0.1 0.0 0.3 HEPTAGENIIDAE 12.3 98.2 15.4 COENAGRIONID AE 49.1 <0.1 2 57 .7 116.6 17.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 < 0.1 CORI XID AE 0.0 (0.1 00 <0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1 SI ALID AE 0.0 <0.1 63.3 5.9 0.0 6.1 92.0 4.5 TRICHOPTERA (PU P AE) 0.0 24.5 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 <0.1 POLYCENT ROPODID AE 0.0 0.0 42.9 4.1 0.0 0.0 24.5 1.1 HYDROPSYCHIDAE 18.4 30.7 79.8 12.4 12.3 LEPTOCERIDAE 18.4 791.4 37.3
| |
| < 0 .1 (0.1 12.3 1.2 0.0 6.1 6.1 0.6 H YD ROPHILID AE 0.0 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0 ELMID AE 0.0 6.1 0.3 (0.1 6.1 0.0 0.6 <0.1 6.1 18.4 1.1 ELMIDAE ( ADULTS) 0.0 6.1 <0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 (0.1 <0.1 SIMU LI ID AE 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1 0.0 (0.1 0.0 <0.1 EMPIDID AE 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 0.0 (0.1 <0.1 EMPIDIDAE (PUPAE) 0.0 (0.1 0.0 (0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1 CHIRONOMID AE 6.1 30.7 61.3 9.5 12.3 36.8 42.9 4.2 CH I ROh 0MID AE (PUPAE) 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 12.3 0.0 0.6 CHIRONOMIDAE ( ADULTS ) 0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 <0.1 UNIDENTIFIED TERRESTRI AL 0. 0 (0.1 0.0 <0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 < 0.1 SPEAERIIDAE 0.0 0.0 36.8 3.6 0.0 18.4 184.0 9.2 TOTA L 110.4 503.1 423.3 42.9 595.1 1564.4
| |
| &?O.L2O
| |
| | |
| 117 60-50 -
| |
| 40 -
| |
| "o s
| |
| ;M: 30 -
| |
| N E OLlGOCHAET A C EPHEMEROPTERA
| |
| ~
| |
| E TRICHOPTERA
| |
| $ SSES s O DIPTERA g
| |
| O OTHER z
| |
| j 10 -
| |
| m O 7 $ _. gg g 0_ h ab.mY _p Em .
| |
| -p 30-6 s
| |
| 20 -
| |
| BELL BEND .
| |
| 10 - ,,
| |
| E O k 9 E , 9 =Y ,
| |
| 9 MAR JUN OCT APR JUN OCT APR JUN OCT APR JUN OCT j3] 1975 1976 1977 1978 M S'/G.Ud1 O b- O Fig. C-1. Mean density (no./m ) of bent. hic macroinvertebrates in replicate dc,ne samples (2/ sampling period) at SSES I and II and at Bell Bend I and III on the Susquehanna River, 1975-78. Sampling at Bell Bend III was initiated in 1978.
| |
| | |
| o.o 118
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| se se si si .. .. ei s. ei si sa se ei ei si si se se JUNE MARCH OCTOBER o.o
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| o.s-1976 04 0.s =
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| 0.7 =
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| ,, s. s. .. .. s, s. s. .. .: s, s, .. .. sa s, s, s.
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| A PRIL JUNE OCTOBER Fig. C- 2. Dendrogram of the cluster analysis of Bray-Curtis similarity matrices for the 1975 through 1978 benthic macroinvertebrate data at SSES I (SI) and II (S2) and at Bell Bend I (BI) and III (B3) . The scale ranges'from complete similarity (1.0) to, complete dissimilarity (0.0).
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| 370122
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| 119 o.o
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| o.: =
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| o.s - 1977 a.-
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| ei si si se si se si si si ei se se se si si se e, ei APall JUNE OCTOBER s ,-
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| 1978 o.s -
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| e s as ei si ei si se se ei ei se se si si es es ei si se se si si es as A P Rll JUNE OCTOBER Fig. C-2 (cont.)
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| Jc~ n 3.use e;t>.g sy q
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| | |
| 120 LARVAL FISHES by Harold W. Mohr, Jr. , Gerard L. Buynak, and Theodore V. Jacobsen TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT............................................................ 123 INTRODUCTION........................................................ 123 PROCEDURES.......................................................... 123 RES ULTS AND DI S CUS S I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6 REFERENCES CITED.......... ......................................... 131 LIST OF TABLES Table D-1. Larval fishes collected in pump samples at SSES (1974-
| |
| : 78) and Bell Bend (1978) on the Susquehanna River. . . . . .134 Table D-P. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 4 May 1978.135 Table D-3. Number . . . 9 May 1978................................ 135 Table D-4. Number . . . 23 May 1978............................... 136 Table D-5. Numb er . . . 31 May 1978............................... 137 370124
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| 121 Page Table D-6. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 7 June 1978................................................... 138 Table D-7. Numb er . . . 14 June 1978.............................. 139 Table D-8. Numb er . . . 21 June 1978.............................. 140 Table D-9. Number . . . 28 June 1978.............................. 141 Table D-10. Number . . . 5 July 1978............................... 142 Table D-11. Number . . . 20 July 1978.............................. 143 Table D-12. Number . . . 2 August 1978............................. 144 Table D-13. Number . . . 17 August 1978............................ 144 Table D-14. Mean density of larval fish /10 m captured at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978............................ 145 Table D-15. Mean . . . at Bell Bend . . . 1978..................... 146 Table D-16. Results (F values) of seven analysis of variance tests comparing larval fish densities among replicates, dates (1), stations (2), times (3), and depths (4) on the Susquehanna River, 1978................................ 147 Table D-17. Mean density of larval fish /10 m captured near the surfac 'uring the day at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978............................................ 148 Table D-18. Mean . . . near the bottom . . . 1978.................. 149 Table D-19. Mean density of larval fish /10 m captured near the surf ace at night at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 1978................................................... 150
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| * 1_ : ??. Mean . . . near the bottom . . . 1978.................. 151 370125
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| 122 Page Table D-21. Mean density of larval fish /10 m captured near the surface during the day at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978............................................ 152 Table D-22. Mean . . . near the bottom . . . 1978.................. 153 Table D-23. Mean density of larval fish /10 m captured near the surface at night at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978................................................... 154 Table D-24. Mean . . . near the bottom . . . 1978.................. 155 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. D-1. Sampling sites for pumping (P), electrofishing (EL),
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| and seining (SN) at SSES cnd Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978................................ 156 Fig. D-2. Mean density of larval fish captured at SSES and Bell Eead on the Susquehanna River, 1978............... 157 4
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| e of
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| 123 ABSTRACT In 1978, the relative abundance and density of larval fish was monitored at SSES and Bell Bend near the Susquehanna SES. A total of 1,636 larvae (about 90% prolarvae) of at least 14 species was collected from 4 May through 17 August. Over 90% of the total number captured at both sites was composed of quillback, minnow spp., tesse11ated darter, and carp. Maximum densities at SSES and Bell Bend occurred on 31 May when 26.2 and 29.5 fish /10 m were collected, respectively. No significant dif ferences were observed between the combined catches at both sites.
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| Significantly more larvae (P<0.001) were taken at night than during the day, and more were captured near the surface than near the bottom.
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| INTRODUCTION Seasonal fluctuations in the relative abundance and density of drifting larval fish near the Susquehanna SES intake structure has been monitored since 1974 (Buynak and Mohr 1976, 1977, 1978a; Gale and Mohr 1978). In 1978, monitoring was conducted upriver from the intake and downriver from the station's discharge diffuser. Simultaneous monitoring was conducted at these sites to establish a baseline of preoperational conditions.
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| PROCEDURES Larval fish were sampled at SSES and Bell Bend pumping sites (Fig.
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| D-1). The site at SSES was located 190 m upriver from the Susquehanna SES intake s tructure. The Bell Bend site was 920 m downriver from the 370.l_[t #
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| 124 discharge dif fuser. Both sites were within 50 m of the west bank. Depth was 3.3 m at SSES and 2.3 m at Bell Bend when the surface elevation of the river at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory was 148.6 m above mean sea level.
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| Samples were collected simultaneously at both sites with similarly equipped pontoon boats on 4, 9, 23, and 31 May; 7, 14, 21, and 28 June; 5 and 20 July; and 2 and 17 August. At each site, river water was pumped through a 216-p mesh net with a high-capacity, gasoline-powered trash pump (Gale and Mohr 1978) . Three replicate surface and bottom samples (5 min each) were taken at 0900 and 2100 h. Surface replicates were taken before bottom replicates.
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| The volume sampled in each replicate was determined by multiplying pumping duration (5 min) by pumping rate. The pumping rate was checked on each sampling date with a hand-held tachometer (Stewart-Warner, Model 757-W). The pumping rate of each pump was tested monthly by timing the filling of a 1,2Fs-liter trough. Tachometer readings taken during these tests were compm ed with those taken on each sampling date to assure that each pump was functioning at near maximum capacity. The volume of each replicate ranged from 11.3 to 12.8 m in Fby. Af ter adjusting the pump engines, constant volumes of 12.0 m per replicate were obtained from June through August.
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| Each sample was preserved in the field with 10% formalin containing rose bengal stai.., and transported to the laboratory where larvae were sorted. Af ter sorting, identifications and life stages (prolarva or postlarva) of all larvae were determined using a dissecting microscope O!.,\ eS
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| 125 (10-70 X). Prolarvae were defined as fish with yolk and postlarvae were those without yolk (Hubbs 1943). Once scalation began, fish were considered juveniles and not reported.
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| Where necessary, identifications were made by comparing larvae to our reference series of 31 spc;ies of laboratory-reared specimens and with developmental information given in Buynak and Mohr (1978b-d; 1979a-d).
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| We also used keys and descriptions in Fish (1932), Norden (1961), Mansueti (1964), Mansueti and Hardy (1967), May and Gasaway (1967), Siefert (1969),
| |
| Taber (1969), Meyer (1970), Gerlach (1973), Lippson and Moran (1974),
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| Hogue et al. (1976), Snyder et al. (197 /) , and Taubert (1977). In a few instances, positive identification to species could not be made, either because of damaged specimens or a lack of adequate keys. These fish were identified to the lowes t taxon possible. Severely damaged fish which could not be identified were tabu!ated as fragments. Names and order of listing (Table D- 1) conform to Bailey et al. (1970). All specimens were stored in 10% buf fered formalin.
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| Data were processed with a Hewlett-Fnekard 9830-A computer and stored on permanent magnetic disc files. An impact printer was used to print out raw data and density tables.
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| Densities were analyzed using a 4-vay analysis of variance (Hewle t t-Packard 1974). Data from the fi rs t two sampling dates were excluded because only one larva was captured. The factors tested were stations, dates, day-night, surface-bottom, and their first order interactions.
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| Results of the second and third order interactions were ambiguous and 3701%9
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| 126 are not presented. Because replicate means were positively correlated with their variances, data were given a log (x+1) transformation prior to analyses. Upon completion of the analysis of variance, Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance was applied. The nonsignificant res its in Bartlett's test indicated that variances were suitably homogeneous for significance testing. The 5% probability level was used to determine significance in each test.
| |
| RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 1,636 larvae of at least 14 species was collected from 4 May through 17 August at the SSES and Bell Bend sampling sites (Tables D-1 through D-13) . At SSES, 851 larvae were captured, and at Bell Bend 785 were taken. About 90% of the larvae collected at both sites were p rola rvae .
| |
| Fishes in three of five families composed about 98% of the total number of larvae captured at both sites (Tables D-14 and D-15). Suckers were the most abundant (SSES, 58.0% and Bell Bend, 56.5%) followed by minnows and carp (SSES, 27.2% and Bell Bend, 22.5%) and perches (SSES, 12.3% and Bell Bend, 18.7%). Fishes in these three f amilies have composed similar percentages of the total catch at SSES each year since 1974 (Buynak and Mohr 1976, 1977, 1978a; Cale and Mohr 1978) .
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| Over 90% of t'ie total number at each site was composed of quillback, minnow spp., tesr.ellated darter, and cr.rp (Tables D-14 and D-15). Quillback was the most s'sundant; it composed about 54% of the total catch at each site.
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| 370.L30
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| 127 At SSES, minnow spp. were second in abundance (17.2%) followed by tessellated darter (11.5%) and carp (9.1%). At Bell Bend, tessellated darter was second in abundance (17.0%) followed by minnow spp. (13.3%)
| |
| and carp (8.7%) .
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| On 23 May, prolarval quillback, white sucker, tessellated darter, walleye, and perch spp. were captured at SSES, and the same fishes were taken at Bell Bend, except for tessellated darter (Tables D-14 and D-15).
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| By 31 May, carp, minnow spp. , shorthead redhorse, crappie spp., and tessellated darter were taken at both sites. One or more of the three sucker species (quillback, white sucker, and shorthead redhorse) were found at both sites from 23 May to 28 June. Although walleye was not taken af ter 31 May, other perches, mostly tessellated darter, were captured at each site through 20 July. At both sites, carp was taken through 28 June and minnow spp. were found through 17 August.
| |
| Sunfishes (rock bass, bluegill, sunfish spp. , and crappie spp.) and catfishes (white catfish, channel catfish, and margined madtom) composed only about 2% of the total number of larvae at both sites (Tables D-14 and D- 15) . Some of these fishes, which exhibit parental care (Scott and Crossman 1973), may not have been drif ting when they were drawn into the intake. Sunfishes were found at either SSES or Bell Bend from 31 May to 20 July, excluding 5 July. Catfishes were taken at either SSES or Bell Bend on 28 June, 5 and 20 July, and 2 August. Fishes in these families have always composed a small percentage of the total catch at SSES since 1974 (Buynak and Mohr 1976, 1977, 1978a; Gale and Mohr 1978) .
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| bh. ?.U.
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| 128 Fluctuations in larval fish densities were similar at SSES and Bell Bend throughout the 1978 sampling season (Tables D-14 and D-15; Fig. D-2) .
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| At both sites, the greatest increase in density occurred from 23 to 31 May.
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| At SSES, the density increased from 4.7 to a maximum of 26.2 fish /10 m ,
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| and at Bell Bend, it increased from 1.9 to a maximum of 29.5 fish /10 m .
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| One week later, densities at both sites decreased to less than 10.0 fish /10 m .
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| By 28 June, an overall mean of 2.7 fish /10 m was found at the two sites, and on most sampling dates from 5 July to 17 August, less than 1.0 fish /10 m was taken.
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| Highly significant differences (P<0.001) were found inthe densities of drifting larvae relative to sampling dates at SSES and Bell Bend (Table D-16). Such differences were expected because of fluctuations in the density of larval fish throughout the sampling season (Fig. D-2) .
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| There were no significant differences between the combined catches of larval fish at SSES and Bell Bend (Table D-16) . Except for quillback, the catches of each species were not significantly dif ferent.
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| Quillback densities were significantly greater (P<0.001) at SSES. Closer examination of data revealed that this difference was confined to higher densities at SSES on the bottom (Tab 'es D-16 through D-24) . Although statistically significant, the biological importance of this occurrence is not known.
| |
| Significantly more larvae (P<0.001) were taken at night than during the day at SSES and Bell Bend (Table D-16). This was also true in 1977 when similar results were obtained at SSES (Buynak and Mohr 1978a) . In 1978 at SSES, mean density at night (7.0 fish /10 m ) was over 2-fold greater than i
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| 370132
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| 129 during the day (2.9 fish /10 m ) (Tables D-17 through D-20). At Bell Bend, mean density at night (6.9 fish /10 m ) was nearly 3-fold greate.r tnan during the day (2.4 fish /10 m ) (Tables D-21 through D-24) . At both sites, significantly more (P<0.001) quillbach , white sucker, shorthead redhorse, and tessellated datter were captured at night. Significant day-night differences were not obtained for minnow spp. and carp.
| |
| At SSES and Bell ",end, significantly more larvae (P<0.01) were taken near the surface of the river than near the bottcm (Table D-16) . This also occurred at SSES in 19T/ (Buynak and Mohr 1978a) . In 1978, the meau density at SSES was about 2-fold greater near the surface (6.2 fish /10 m ) compared with the bottom (3.7 fish /10 m ) (Tables D-17 through D-20) . At Bell Bend, it was nearly 3-fold greater near the surface (6.8 fish /10 m ) as compared to the bottom (2.4 fish /10 m ) (Tables D-21 through D-24). Significantly more (P<0.001) carp, minnow spp., and quillback were captured near the surface at both sites. No surface-bottom differences were found for tessellated darter, white sucker, and shorthead redhorse. The collection of so few white sucker (26) and shorthead redhorse (27), made dif ferences, if present, difficult to detect. In 1975 at SSES, when more larvae of both species were captured, distinct changes in their diel surface-bottom distributions were clearly demonstrated (Gale and Mohr 1978) .
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| As stated previously, the densities of minnow spp. did not exhibit significant day-night differences at SSES and Bell Bend, but they did show significant surface-bottom differences. Although densities of minnow spp. were greater on the bottom in both day and night samples, the day-night vs. surface-bottom interaction effect showed that a significantly WlO.$ $e3
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| 130 higher proportion of the larvae were captured near the surface at night.
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| These day-night differences were expected because they did occur when diel studies were conducted at SSES in 1974-76 (Buynak and Mchr 1978a, Gale and Mohr 1978) . However, since samples were collected less frequently while monitoring in 1978, day-night dif ferences were not detectable.
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| Furthermore, dif ferences in the drif ting behavior of individual minnow species could have confounded the analysis.
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| Surface-bottom differences could not be detected in densities of tessellated darter, but a significant interaction between day-night and surface-bottom suggested a diel drif t pattern. Larvae were never captured near the surface in day samples and their mean densities were relatively low near the bottom. However, in night samples, mean bottom densities increased nearly 5-fold to about 1.0 fish /10 m , while near the surface they increased from 0.0 to 1.3 fish /10 m (Tables D-17 through D-24).
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| Diel studies at SSES in 1974-76 (Buynak and Mohr 1978a, Gale and Mohr 1978) showed a distinct pattern of diel drif t for tessellated darter.
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| Significant day-night dif ferences could not be found for carp, even though their densitics were greater at the surface. In addition, the non-significance of the day-night vs. surface-bottom interaction indicated that a diel drif t pattern had not occurred. These results were in agreement with some of the previous diel studies. Buynak and Mohr (1978a) showed that the vertical distribution of carp at SSES was similar at the surface and botton in 1976 when abundance was low. However, they conducted another diel study in the same year when carp were more abundant and documented significantly higher densities at night near the surface.
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| ty/G.L34
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| 131 REFERENCES CITED Bailey, R. M., J. E. Fitch, E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. R. Robins, and W. B. Scott. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. 3rd ed. Am. Fish.
| |
| Soc. , Spec. Publ. No. 6. 150 pp.
| |
| Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1976. Larval fishes. Pages 162-174 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual Report for 1975). Ichthyological Associates, Inc.,
| |
| Berwick, Pa.
| |
| and . 1977. Larval fishes. Pages 151-166 in T. V.
| |
| Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1976). Ichthyological Associates, Inc. , Berwick, Pa.
| |
| and . 1978a. Larval fishes. Pages 185-219 in T. V.
| |
| Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1977) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc. , Berwick, Pa.
| |
| and . 1978b. Larval development of the northern hog sucker (Hypentellt.m nigricans), from the Susquehanna River. Trans.
| |
| Am. Fish. Soc. 107(4): 595-599.
| |
| and . 1978c. Larval development of the redbreast sunfish (Lepcmis auritas) from the Susquehanna River. Trans. Am.
| |
| Fish Soc. 107(4): 600-604.
| |
| and . 1978d. Larval development of the white sucker (Catostomus comrcrsoni) from the Susquehanna River. Proc. Pa. Acad.
| |
| Sci. 52(2): 143-145, and . 1979a. Larval development of rock bass from the Susquehanna River. Prog. Fish-Cult. 41(1) : 39-42.
| |
| and . 1979b. Larval development of the shorthead redhorse (Morostoma macrolepidotum) f rom the Susquehanna River.
| |
| Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.108(2) : 161-165.
| |
| We'O.l.$
| |
| | |
| 132 and . 1979c. Larval development of creek chub and fallfish from two Susquehanna River tributaries. Prog. Fish-Cult.
| |
| (in press).
| |
| and . 1979d. Larval development of the northern pike (Esox lucius) and muskellunge (Esor masquinongy) from northeastern Pennsylvania.
| |
| (submitted to Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci.) .
| |
| Fish, M. P. 1932. Contributions to the early life histories of sixty-two species of fishes from Lake Erie and its tributary waters. Bull. U.S.
| |
| Bur. Fish. 47(10): 293-398.
| |
| Gale, W. F. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978. Larval fish drift in a large river with a comparison of sampling methods. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107(1):
| |
| 46-55.
| |
| Cerlach, J. M. 1973. Early development of the quillback carpsucker, Carpiodes cyprinus. M.S. Thesis. Millersville State College, Millersville, Pa. 60 pp.
| |
| Hewle t t-Packard. 1974. HP-9830. Analysis of Variance Pac. Hewlett-Packard, Loveland, Colo. 88 pp.
| |
| Hogue, J. J. , Jr. , R. Wallus, and L. K. Kay. 1976. Preliminary guide to the identification of larval fishes in the Tennessee River. Tenn. Val. Auth., Div. For. Fish. Wildl. Dev. Tech. Note B19, 67 pp.
| |
| H ubbs , C. L. 1943. Terminology of early stages of fishes. Copeia 1943(4): 260.
| |
| Lippson, A. J. and R. L. Moran. 1974. Manual for identification of early developmental stages of fishes of the Potomac River Estuary. Martin Marie tta Corp. , Environ. Tech. Cent. , Baltimore, Md. 282 pp.
| |
| Mansueti, A. J. 1964. Early development of the yellow perch, Perca f7avescens. Chesapeake Sci. 5(1-2): 46-66.
| |
| 37013G
| |
| | |
| 133 and J. D. Hardy, Jr. 1967. Development of fishes of the Chesapeake Bay region. An atlas of egg, larval, and juvenile stages. Part I. Nat. Resour. Inst., Univ. Maryland, Baltimore .
| |
| 202 pp.
| |
| May, E. B. and C. R. Gasaway. 1967. A preliminary key to the identifi-cation of larval fishes of Oklahoma, with particular reference to Canton Reservoir, including a selected bibliography. Okla. Fish.
| |
| Res. Lab. Bull. 5, Contrib. 164. 33 pp.
| |
| Meye r, F. A. 1970. Development of some larval centrarchids. Prog. Fish-Cult. 32(3) : 130-136.
| |
| Norden, C. R. 1961. The identification of larval yellow perch, Perca flavescens and walleye, Stizostedion vitreum. Copeia 1961(3):
| |
| 282-288.
| |
| Scott, W. B. and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada.
| |
| Fish. Res. Board Can. , Bull. 184 966 pp.
| |
| Siefert, R. E. 1969. Characteristics for separation of white and black crappie larvae. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98(2): 326-328.
| |
| Snyder, D. E., M. B. M. Snyder, and S. C. Douglas. 1977. Identification of golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, spotfin shiner, Notropis spilopterus, and fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, larvae. J.
| |
| Fish. Res. Board Can. 34(9): 1397-1409.
| |
| Taber, C. A. 1969. The distribution and identification of larval fishes in the Buncombe Creek arm of Lake Texoma with observations on spawning habits and relative abundance. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Oklahoma, Norman.
| |
| 120 pp.
| |
| Taubert, B. D. 1977. Early morphological development of the green sunfish, fepomis cyanellus, and its separation from other larval Leponds species.
| |
| Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 106(5): 445-448.
| |
| 370.137
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| 134 Table D-1. Larval fishes collected in pump samples at SSES (1974-78) and Bell Bend (1978) on the Susquehanna River. An asterisk denotes fishes taken in 1978.
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| Cyprinidae - Minnows and Carps Cyprinus carpio - carp
| |
| * Notropis amoenus - comely shiner N. hudsonius - spottail shiner
| |
| * N. spilopterus - spotfin shiner
| |
| * Unidentified Cyprinidae - minnow spp.*
| |
| Catostomidae - Suckers Carpiodes cyprinus - qut11back*
| |
| Catostomus commersoni - uhite sucker
| |
| * Moxostoma macrolepidocum - shorthead redhorse*
| |
| Unidentified Catostomidae - sucker spp.*
| |
| Ictaluridae - Freshwater Catfishes Ictalurus catus - white catfish
| |
| * I. punctatus - channel catfish
| |
| * Noturus insignis - margined madtom*
| |
| Centrarchidae - Sunfishes Ambloplites rupestris - rock bass
| |
| * Lepomie macrochirus - bluegi11*
| |
| Leponis spp. - sunfish spp.*
| |
| Pomoris spp. - crappie spp.*
| |
| Percidae - Perches Etheostoma olmstedi - tesse11ated darter
| |
| * Perca flavescens - yellow perch Stizostedian vitrewn - ualleye*
| |
| Unidentified Percidae - perch spp.*
| |
| 370138
| |
| | |
| Table D-2. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Bond on the Susquehanna River, 4 May 1978.
| |
| ST AT ION SSES BELL BEND SAMPLING PERIOD DAY NIGHT DAY HIGHT SAMPLING TIME 0900-0935 2059-2136 0900-0941 2100-2135 M / REPLICATE 11.3 11.3 12.8 12.8 LOCATION SU FFACE BOTTOM SURFACE BOTTOM SU RFACE BOTTOM SURFACE BCTTOM REPLICATE 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION h0. H&M 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 010 019 020 021 022 023 024 SPECIES TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
| |
| .d C? -
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| W Y~ V1
| |
| 'G O
| |
| /
| |
| Table D-3. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Dend on the Susquehanna River, 9 May 1978.
| |
| ST AT IO N SSES EELL BEND SAMPLlhG PERIOD DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT SAhPLING TIME 0857-0931 2059-2133. 0900-0934 . 2100-2134 M / REPLICATE 11.3 12.0 ,
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| 11.6' 12.8 LOCATION SU RF ACE B OTTOM SURFACE BOTTOM SU RF ACE BOTTOM SURFACE BOT TOM RE PLICAT E 1 2 '3 1 2 3 1 c . 1. 1' 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION NO. HWM - 7 8- 025 026 027- 028 029 030 0 31 032'C33 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 040
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| . s SPECIES , .
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| FISH (U NIDEhTIFI EC l ,
| |
| PROLA RV A 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s TOTAL 0 0' 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e
| |
| | |
| - [ .
| |
| P
| |
| ~
| |
| s Table D-4. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and nell ner.d on the Susqueh'ani.a hiver, 23 May 1978. N j ,
| |
| ST AT IOh S SES BELL'dEND
| |
| ~
| |
| SAMPLING PERIOD DAY N IGilT E?T ' NIGHT SAMPLING TIME 0857-0937 2100-2135 0900-0934 .s 2100-2133 M / REPLICATE 12.0 12.0 11.6 11.6 LOCATION SUEFACE BOTTOM SURFACE BOT 10M SUkFACL s bO110M SUhPACE B OTIOM hE PLICATE 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 A 3 1 2 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION NO. HWM 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 051 06,2 063 064 665 066 ;067 060,069 C7] 071 072 SPFCIES ,
| |
| f Q UILLB ACK \ 2 PROLAkvA WHITE SUCKEh 1 2 2 0 0 1 15 16 14 2 0 1 3 1 'l 0 0 4 6 4 0 0 0 C
| |
| - ^
| |
| PROLAW A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 1 0 'l 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 T ES SELLATEL D ART LR PROLAWA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' O O hALLEYE P ROLAW A 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C' O O O O 1 0 0 0 PEhCh SPP.
| |
| P ROLARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
| |
| * 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 FISH (F RAQ4E NT S ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. O u 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4i TOTAL 1 2 2 0 1 1 16 20 18 3 2 2 ,2 3 1 ? 0 O 6 7 5 0 0 1 -
| |
| hi l'
| |
| I -
| |
| N O
| |
| F*
| |
| b O
| |
| | |
| Table D-5. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES ard Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 31 May 1978.
| |
| ST AT 10 h S SE S BELL BEND SAMPLING PERIOD DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT SAMPLING TIME 0857-0935 2058-2136 0900-0935 2059-2134 M / REPLICATE 12.0 12.n 11.6 11.6 LOCATION SU hF AC E BOTTOM SUEFACE B OT10 M SURFACE BOT'[OM SU RF ACE BOTTQ1 htPL1 LATE 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION NO. hhM-7b- 073 074 07 5 076 077 078 079 u80 081 082 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095 096 SP ECI t.S CAhP P h0 LAW A 7 4 2 2 5 0 11 6 16 0 1 0 7 6 8 2 2 0 15 4 6 1 0 1 hlhh0h SPP.
| |
| P ROLAW A 4 1 1 5 13 7 3 5 3 8 12 7 0 1 1 9 4 13 2 2 3 2 2 0 pus 1 LARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CU I LIE ACK P kOLAhv A 1 5 1 17 29 16 26 54 55 0 3 0 3 5 7 10 9 6 66 68 51 0 1 0 s FOST LA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 10 6 0 0 0 La WHITE SUCKLk "
| |
| POST LA W A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 2 St:ORThEAD hEDHORSE P hCLA W A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 SUCELR SFP.
| |
| FROLA!:VA 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUNFISH SP P.
| |
| PROLA W A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CMPPIE SPP.
| |
| POSTLAW A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T LSSELLATED D ART ER PROLAW A 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 9 3 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 22 12 10 4 3 0 hALLEYL P ROLAW A 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FEhCH SPP.
| |
| P kO LA hV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 FOSTLAhv A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 FISH (F RA Q4E NT S ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1C1AL 12 10 4 27 47 24 50 76 86 10 21 10 10 13 16 23 17 20 115 97 81 7 7 4 (O
| |
| *d C
| |
| p 4
| |
| -s k
| |
| | |
| Table D-6. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSFS and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 7 June 1978.
| |
| ST ATION S SES BELL BEND SAMPLIhG PERIOD DAY NIGHT CAY h1GHT SAhPLING TIME 0858-0934 2100-2135 0900-0933 2059-2132 M / REPLICATE 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 LOCATION SU RF ACE BOTTOM SURFACE BOTTOM SURFACL BOTTOM SURFACE B OTTOM RE PLIC AT E 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION NO. HwM 097 098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 1 13 1 14 115 116 117 118 119 120 SPECIES CARP P ROLARV A 0 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 POSTLA RV A 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MINNOh SPP.
| |
| P ROLA RV A 0 3 2 5 8 2 2 1 1 6 3 6 0 0 0 4 6 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 POST LA RV A 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 QUILUBACK P ROLARV A 0 0 1 6 3 3 13 24 16 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 6 12 14 0 0 0 h$
| |
| POST LARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 5 8 0 0 0 WHITE SUCKER POST LA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SHORTHEAD REDHORSE POSTLA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ROCK B ASS P ROLA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 POSTLA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUNFISH SPP.
| |
| PROLA R/ A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T ES SE LLAT ED D ART ER PROLA R/ A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 0 3 3 1 PERCH SF P.
| |
| P ROLARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 POST LARV A 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FISH (F RA GMENTS )
| |
| TOTAL 2 4 4 13 12 8 19 29 22 10 8 11 0 2 2 5 9 4 10 23 27 3 4 1 o
| |
| -J C
| |
| i*
| |
| 5
| |
| >.'O
| |
| | |
| Table D-7. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell nend on the Susquehenna River, 14 June 1978.
| |
| ST AT ION S SE S DELL BEND SAMPLING PERIOD DAY NIGHT DAY HIGHT SAMPLING TIME 0859-0936 2059-2134 0859-0934 2100-2135 M / REPLICATE 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 LOCATION SU RF ACE BOTTOM SURFACE BO* TOM SUEFACE BOTTOM SUl< F AC E BCTICM RE PLICAT!; 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 3 1 COLLECTION NO. HWM 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 SPECIES CARP P ROLAINA 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 SPOT 1Alb SHINER POSTLAW A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 C
| |
| e MINNOW SPP.
| |
| PROLA W A 0 2 2 3 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 3 3 4 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 QUI LIB ACK PROLAWA 1 1 0 5 10 4 18 13 29 2 0 0 1 3 3 1 1 0 13 21 26 0 0 0 POSTLARVA 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 SHORTHEAD REDHORSE POSTLARV A 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 1 1 0 0 ROCK B ASS POST LAW A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CRAPPIE SPP.
| |
| POSTLAW A e 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 TES SELLATED DART ER f P ROLA W A N O O O 1 1 0 2 5 6 2 5 1 0 0 0 4 2 2 3 1 6 2 4 0 POSTLAW A O. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 PERCH SPP. ;m POST LAW A ( 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 FISH (F RACME NTS ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
| |
| [a w
| |
| TOTAL 5 5 4 12 14 9 23 20 41 6 6 2 3 4 7 8 7 7 19 30 36 s 6 1
| |
| | |
| Table D-8. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 21 June 1978.
| |
| ST AT IOh SSES BELL BLhD SAMPLING PLklOD DAY NIGHT DAY hlGHT SAMPLING TIME 0900-0934 2100-2134 0900-0933 2059-2132 M / REPLICATE 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 LOCAT IO N SU Rf ACE BOTTOM SUFEACE BCTTOM SUEFACL bOTTOh SUhfACE BOTTOM hE PL IC ATE 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION No. hhM 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 SPECIES CAkP P ROLA HV A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
| |
| SPOTIAIL ShlhER #'
| |
| POSI LA HV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 hlNNOW SPP.
| |
| PROLA RV A 1 0 0 3 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 QUlLLBACK P ROLARV A 1 0 0 1 1 2 4 4 6 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 2 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 POST LAHV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 CbAPPIE SPP.
| |
| PEOLA HV A 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T ES SELLATED D Akr ER PEOLARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 3 4 2 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 4 3 1 1 1 POST LA HV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 PEhCh SPP.
| |
| POST LARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 TOTAL 2 1 1 4 4 2 10 8 9 5 5 2 0 3 0 13 3 3 2 9 8 3 1 1 (O
| |
| .g -
| |
| $2?
| |
| M.
| |
| hbh
| |
| | |
| Table D-9. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 28 June 1978.
| |
| ST ATION SSES BELL BEND SAMPLING PERIOD DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT SAMPLING TIME 0901-0935 2059-2132 0859-0934 2100-2140 M / REPLICATE 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 LOCATION SU RF ACE BCTTOM SURFACE BCTTOM SUEFACE BOT'IOM SU RF AC E BOTTOM REPLICAT E 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION NO. HWM 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 190 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 SPECIES CA RP P EOLARV A 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SPOTTAIL SHINER POSTLAW A 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SPOFFIN SHINER POSTLARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MINNOW SPP.
| |
| PROLAW A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 7
| |
| POSTLA RV A 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 QUILIB ACK PkOLARVA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 SHORTHEAD REDHORSE POST L AW A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 WHITE CATFISH POSTLAW A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CH ANNEL CAT FISH POSTLAW A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MARGINED MADTOM POSTLAW A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ROCK B ASS Y POSTLAWA Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 BLUEGILL POST LAW A -
| |
| Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TESSELLATED D ANIER ,
| |
| PROLAWA W 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 7 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 9 5 3 0 POSTLAWA PERCH SPP.
| |
| G! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 P ROL ARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FISH (F RAQ4E NTS ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 1 0 1 2 1 0 2 6 9 5 6 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 0 6 12 7 4 1
| |
| | |
| Table D-10. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 5 July 1978.
| |
| ST ATION SSES BELL BEND SAKPLING PERIOD DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT SAMPLING TIME 0900-0933 2100-2134 0900-0937 2100-2133 M /REFLIC ATE 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 LOCATIO N SU RFACE BOTTOM SURFACE B OTTOM SURFACE BOTTOM SURFACE B OTTOM REPLICATE 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLE CTION h0. HAM 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 SPECIES SPOTFIN SHINER g, POSTLARV A 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c.
| |
| MINNOW SPP. h#
| |
| PROLA W A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 kHITE CATFISH POST LA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CH ANNEL CATFISH POSTLARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 TESSELLATED DARTER PROLAFVA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 1 3 POSTLARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 PE RCH SPP.
| |
| POST LA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 TOTAL 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 (O
| |
| ~1 CO b*
| |
| Ja O
| |
| | |
| Table D-ll. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 20 July 1976.
| |
| ST AT ION SSES BELL BEND SAMPLING PERIOD DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT SAMPLING TIPE 0859-0932 2100-2133 0900-0933 2059-2131 M / REPLICATE 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 LOCATIOh SU RF ACE BOTTOM SURFACE B OTTOM SU RE ACE BOTTO M SU RF ACE BOTTCM kEPLICATE 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION NO. HWM 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 .31 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 SPECIES SPOTFIN SHINER p.
| |
| POST L ARV A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 g.
| |
| MINNOh SPP. b3 P ROL A RV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 hHITE CATFISH POSTLA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CH ANNEL CATFISH POSTL ARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 BLU EGI LL POST LAFV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CRAPPIE SPP.
| |
| POSTLA HV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 T ES SE LL ATED D ART ER POSTLARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PERCH SPP.
| |
| POST LARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 TOTAL 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 2 3 0.0 CD bs Y
| |
| %b
| |
| | |
| Table D-12. Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2 August 1978.
| |
| ST AT ION SSES BELL BEND SAhPLING PERIOD DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT SAMPLING TIME 0902-0935 2059-2133 0900-0932 2100-2133 M /REFLICATE 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 LOCATION SU RFACE BOTTOM SURFACE BOTTOM SU RF ACE BOTTOM SURFACE B OTTOM RE PLIC AT E 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION h0. hWM 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 2 50 251 252 2 53 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 SPECIES MIhh0h SPP.
| |
| PROLARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 Ch ANNEL CATF ISH POSTL ARV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 he)
| |
| -2 CD -
| |
| r* $:
| |
| M GO Table D- 13 . Number of larval fish captured with a pump sampler at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 17 August 1978 ST AT ION S SES BELL BENC SAMPLING PERIOD DAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT SAMPLING TIME 0859 .0931 2059-2132 0900-0932 2101-2133 h / REPLICATE 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 LOCAT IO N SU RF ACE BOTTOM SURFACE BOTTOM SU RF ACE BOTTOM SU RF ACE BCTTOM hE F LI C AT E 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 COLLECTION NO. HWM 265 266 267 268 264 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 266 287 288 SEECIES MINh0h SPP.
| |
| Ph0LA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 PCSI LA RV A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTA L 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 1
| |
| | |
| 145 c N w w N M M M, Me mN o w e o e e n. o Nw e o e M.
| |
| o e e o e e e N. e o e e e ee n. M. N. o. e e HQ OM O O O O O O O OO C0 O CO C0
| |
| @Q Q O @O gN wM N N NN Nw mv Nm M N N N M M M MN Mm M MN MN m no o O 00 0D O O O O O O O CO 00 C 00 00 o e me o e o e We C. m. Mo e o e e e e e o e e e o e e e e e Z OO O O C0 NO C0 00 Q O O O O O O OO CO O OO 00 9 wh OO O O O O O O O OO 00 O OO 00 M O CO O O 00 00 CO O O O O O O O OO OO O CO C0 N e R QQ Q Q MO QQ OO
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| * 4 dd d d dd dd dd ad d d d d d d d dd dd d dd dd a m
| |
| M OO NO OO OO OO O O O O O O O OO OO O OO 00 &
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| %p f 99 9O 9 O 99OO "e 9 MO
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| | |
| Table D-16. Results (F values) of seven analysis of variance tests comparing larval firb densities among replicates, dates (1), stations (2),
| |
| times (3), and depths (4) on the Susquehanna River, 1978 (N.S. = not significant. * = P<0.05, ** = P<0.01, and *** = P<0.001).
| |
| Main Effects Interaction Effects Bartlett's Replicates 1 2 3 4 IX2 IX3 2X3 IX4 2X4 3X4 Test DF (2, 158) (9, 158) (1, 158) (1, 158) (1, 158) (9, 158) (9, 158) (1, 158) (9, 158) (1, 158) (1, 158)
| |
| Species Combined 1.14 137.21*** 3.71 131.46*** 9.92** 3.19** 2.97** 3.74 9.38*** 1.98 100.31*** N.S.
| |
| Carp 0.67 51.17*** 0.99 1.08 49.78*** 0.33 0.26 0.17 15.80*** 0.01 1.95 N.S.
| |
| Minnow spp. 0.30 35.17*** 3.09 3.26 4 3.66* *
| |
| * 4.72*** 5.88*** 2.84 3.25** 0.36 24.75*** N.S.
| |
| w t~
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| u 4.50* 143.00*** 11.9 3**
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| * 56.43*** 165.92*** 2.97** 7.57*** 1.75 21.36*** 13.92*** 360.34*** N.S.
| |
| Quillback 10.60*** 1.42 0.24 0.95 8.49*** 1.45 1.23 0.06 2.19 N.S.
| |
| White sucker ,
| |
| 2.48 20.73***
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| O asj; 13.72*** 2.18 21.43*** 1.05 0.67 7.73*** 0.23 2.26* I 23 1.05 N.S.
| |
| Shorthead redhorse -
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| 0.07
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| WA Tessellated darter 0.45 22.35*** 1.67 178.38*** 0.18 0.89 12.61*** 0.24 1.62 0.32 10.53** N.S.
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| SUSQUEHANNA STEAM LECTRIC ST ATION /
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| BIOLOGICAL ss sepwa s pi g
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| <J70160 Fig. D-1. Sampling sites for pumping (P), electrofishing (EL), and seining (SN) at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
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| 0 ,'..' , . . , i i i i i i 1 10 20 1 10 20 1 10 20 1 10 20 MAY JUN JUL AUG
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| .Y/O.?.61 Fig. D-2. Mean density of larval fish captured at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
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| 138 FISHES by Gerard L. Buynak, Andrew J. Gurzynski, Harold W. Mohr, Jr. ,
| |
| and Theodore V. Jacobsen TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT............................................................. 161 INTRODUCTION......................................................... 161 PROCEDURES........................................................... 162 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............................................... 165 Electrofishing.................................................... 165 Seining........................................................... 168 RE FE REN C E S C I T ED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 LIST OF TABLES Table E-1. Descriptions of electrofishing (EL) and seining (SN) sites at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978..........,.......................................... 173 Table E-2. Fishes found at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1971-78........................................... 174 Table E-3. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electro-fishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 9 March 19 78. . . . . 175 SYO.L60
| |
| | |
| 159 Page Table E-4. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electro-fishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 13 April 1978. . . 176 Table E-5. Number . . . 8 May 1978................................. 177 Table E-6. Number . . 5 J un e 19 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 8 Table E-7. Number . . 6 July 1978................................ 179 Table E-8. Number . . . 7 August 1978.............................. 180 Table E-9. Number . . . 20 September 1978.......................... 181 Table E-10. Number . . . 17 October 1978............................ 182 Table E-11, Number . . . 6 November 1978............................ 183 Table E-12. Number . . . 13 December 1978........................... 184 Table E-13. Mean number of fish observed in electrofishing runs at SSES on the Susquehanna River, March through December 1978....................................................185 Table E-14. Mean . . . at Bell Bend . . . 1978...................... 186 Table E-15. Number of fish captured at SSES and Bell Bend seining sites on the Susquehanna River, 27 April 19 78. . . . . . . . . . . 187 Table E-16. Number . . . 3 May 1978................................. 188 Table E-17. Number . . . 16 June 1978............................... 189 Table E-18. Number . . . 12 July 1978............................... 190 Table E-19. Number . . . 15 August 1978............................. 191 Table E-20. Number . . . 6 September 1978........................... 192 Table E-21. Number . . . 2 October 1978............................. 193
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| !!/0163
| |
| | |
| 160 Page Table E-22. Mean number of fish captured in seining hauls at SSES on the Susquehanna River, April through October 1978.... 194 Table E-23. Mean . . at Bell Bend . . . 1978...................... 195 970.U34-
| |
| | |
| 161 ABSTRACT Fish were sampled at two stations (SSES and Bell Bend) with an electrofisher and seine. A total of 4,639 specimens of at least 24 fishes was observed while electroffshing and 1,977 specimens of 21 fishes was captured by seine. Walleye, white sucker, smallmouth bass, shorthead redhorse, quillback, and northern hog sucker composed 75% of the total observed while electrofishing. Nearly 90% of the seine catch at both stations was composed of spotfin shiner, spottail shiner, bluntnose minnow, comely shiner, and white sucker. 0;currence of the more abundant fishes was similar at both stations. No significant differences were found in either the total number of fishes or their species composition at the electrofisher and seine sites. No significant differences were found in the total number of specimens at either station or at the east and west bank sites within each station. Significantly more fish were observed while electrofishing at night than during the day at both stations. A relatively large year class of walleye was produced in 1978.
| |
| INTRODUCTION Seasonal fluctuations in species composition and relative abundance of fishes near the Susquehanna SES has been monitored since 1971 (Ichthyological Associates 1972, 1973, 1974; Buynak and Gurzynski 1976a, b, 1977a-d,1978; and Buynak et al.1978a, b). Beginning in 1976, emphasis was placed on a comparison of fisheries data collected at two sampling stations, one was located upriver from the intake of the Susquehanna SES 8701bb
| |
| | |
| 162 and the other downriver from the discharge diffuser. Throughout 1978, comparative sampling at both stations was conducted to establish a baseline of preoperational conditions.
| |
| PROCEDURES Fish populations were sampled by electrofisher and seine, upriver from the Susquehanna SES intake (SSES) and downriver from the discharge diffuser (Bell Bend). Stations were electrofished with a pulsed direct-current electrofisher similar to that described by Novotny and Priegel (1974). It consisted of a 4-kw generator and a variable voltage pulsator mounted in a 6-m flat-bottomed boat powered by an outboard motor. Seine samples were collected with a 7.6-m bag seine with 0.64-cm mesh.
| |
| Electrofishing was conducted at two 1,000-m sites, one near each river bank, at SSES and Bell Bend (Table E-1; Fig. D-1). The sites were shocked monthly from March through December during ice-free periods when river level at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory was between 148.5 and 150.3 m above mean sea level (msl). All sites were sampled once during the day and once at night by slowly driving the electrofisher downriver parallel to the current f rom 1 to 50 m from the river bank. Each 1,000-m run was considered one unit of effort. Day sampling began about 3 hours after sunrise and night sampling bagan about I hour after sunset. All species of stunned fish larger than about 10 cm (excluding cyprinids, except carp, river chub, and fallfish) were identified and counted by two observers on the bow of the boat. Fish that surfaced behind the observers SVOi66 -
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| | |
| 163 :
| |
| s I
| |
| were identified and enumerated by the boat operator. Data were recorded on a cassette tape recorder (Craig No. 8108). Fish which could not be _
| |
| positively identified in the water were captured, identified, and released; those that escaped were recorded as unidentified. ,
| |
| Seine samples were collected at two sites, one on each bank, c:. SSIS and Bell Bend (Table E-1; Fig. D-1). Sites were selected in areas free of underwater obstructions to increase sampling ef ficiency. Samples were ,
| |
| collected monthly from April through Oc > ober during ice-free perf ocis when river level at the laboratory was less than 149.4 m above nsl. Seining was conducted at night beginning about I hour after surset. Two replicate . i hauls were made at each site. During the first haul, one ceine 1. rail was held on the river bank and the other was taken into the river to a depth of about 1.3 m or a distance of about 6 m. The brail on the river bank was held stationary while the other was pulled slowly upriver and then L to shore. Fish were removed from the not and preserved with 10% formalin.
| |
| The seine was then returned to the initial starting point' and a ;ecend haul taken. The two hauls were combined and considered one unit of effort. ,
| |
| In the la'' oratory, all specimens were identified, separated by species, and stored in 407 isopro,yl alcohol. Identifications were based on characteristics given in keys by Pflieger (1968), Eddy (1969), and Scott and Crossman (1973). ,
| |
| Air and surface water temperatures and a surface grab sample of ,
| |
| water were obtained at the downriver end of each electrofishing run and at each seining site during the collection of fish samples. Each sample S /O.ti;7 O
| |
| | |
| 164.
| |
| wasi' nalyzed in the laboratory for dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and specific conductance (ulect?" fishing only) according to methods in Table A-1.
| |
| Both the fisheries and physicochemical data were processed with a llewlett Fackard 9830-A computer and stored on permanent magnetic disc files. A thermal nrintout of these data was checked for accuracy before final data tablet, were printed with an impact printer. Names of fishes and the order of listing conform to Bailey et al. (1970) .
| |
| The data were analyzed with three statistical tests. A nonparametric sign test (Siegel 1956) was used to determine if there were any dif ferences a
| |
| in the number 6f fish captured between stations and at sites within statiors.
| |
| Day-night differences were alro tested for electrofishing data. Two significance tests (liendrickson 1978) were used to determine if patterns of species occurrence were present in tl:e data. The first, the mathematical
| |
| , eqaivalent of' Cochran's Q-s tat!,stic, tested whether sites dif fered in the numoer of species present. Because si tes .might have similar numbers of species, but dif ferent specien composition, a second test called an M-
| |
| ~-
| |
| statiatic, was used to compute- tne number of species in common at each
| |
| . ~ . - 1 site. BoththeQandMstatisticshaveanapproximately{hi-squared distribution. The 5% probability level v.hs used to determine significance i
| |
| for all tests.
| |
| \
| |
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| |
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| |
| r 370.168 o
| |
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| |
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| |
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| | |
| 165 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Electrofishing A total of 4,639 specimens of at least 24 fishes was observed using the electroffsher at SSES and Bell Bend (Tables E-2 through E- 12) . Of the 23 fishes recorded at SSES (Table E-13), six composed 75.9% of the total. Walleye was the most abundant (18.7%)
| |
| fellowed by white sucker (17.9%), smallmouth bass (12.0%), shorthead redhorse (11.9%) . quillback (7.8%), and northern hog sucker (7.5%) . At Bell Bend, 21 ' shes were observed (Table E-14), six of these composed 74.8% of the total. Walleye was the most abundant (23.2%) followed by white sucker (16.4%), smallmouth bass (14.0%), shorthead redhorse (11.6%),
| |
| rock bass (5.2%), and northern hog sucker (4.4%). At both stations combined, walleye, white sucker, smallmouth bass, shorthead redborse, quillback, and northern hog sucker were the most abundant fishes observed and composed 74.9% of the total . These fishes were also the most abundant in 1977 (Buynak et al.1978a) and 1976 (Buynak and Gurzynski 1977a) when they composed 70% and 77% of the total, respectively.
| |
| Occurrence of the more abundant fishes at each station was similar throughout the 10 months sampled. At SSES (sites EL-1 and EL-2), carp and white sucker were the only fishes observed in all months (Table E-13) .
| |
| Quillback and shorthead redhorse were observeG Gech month except December, and walleye in all months except April. 0C, .t fl3hes were observed in April and December (4 each) and most 4 vs. v.er (19). At Bell Bend (sites EL-3 and EL-4), quillback and white sucker were th9 enly fishes observed We'E$b.00
| |
| | |
| 166 in all months (Table E-14). Walleye, northern hog sucker, and fallfish were observed each month except April; carp, shorthead redhorse, and rock bass in all months except December. The number of fishes at Bell Bend ranged from 5 in April to 18 in September. Monthly differences at both stations were influenced by seasonal changes in river level and turbidity.
| |
| At the four sites, no significant differences were found either in the total number of fishes observed (Q = 2.71; DF = 3) or in species composition (M = 3.67; DF = 3) (Tables E-3 through E-12). The number of fishes ranged from 19 to 22 at the four sites. White sucker, shorthead redhorse, smallmouth bass, and walleye composed 57.9, 63.6, 65.1, and 65.3% of the total observed at EL-1, EL-2, EL-3, and EL-4, respectively.
| |
| Between SSES and Bell Bend, no significant difference was found in the total number of specimens observed per unit ef fort. At SSES, 2,402 specimens were observed and at Bell Bend, 2,237 specimens were recorded (Tables E-3 through E-12) . In 1977, Buynak et al. (1978a) also found no significant difference in the number of specimens observed per unit effort between SSES and Bell Bend. In 1976, however, significantly more specimens were observed per unit effort at Bell Bend than at SSES (Buynak and Gurzynski 1977a).
| |
| No significant differences were found in the number of specimens observed per unit effort between the east and west bank sites (Tables E-3 through E-12) at either SSES or Bell Bend. Totals of 1,244 and 1,158 specimens were observed at the SSES east bank site (EL-1) and the west S70170
| |
| | |
| 167 bank site (EL-2), respectively. At the Bell Bend cast bank site (EL-3),
| |
| 1,209 specimens were observed compared to 1,028 at the west bank site (EL-4). In 1977, however, significantly more specimens were observed at the east bank sites at both stations (Buynak et al. 1978a). In 1976, no difference was found at SSES, but significantly more specimens were observed at the Bell Bend east bank site (Buynak and Gurzynski 1977a).
| |
| At both SSES and Bell Bend, significantly more (P<0.01; n = 40) fish per unit effort were observed at night than during the day. Totals of 1,835 (day) and 2,804 (night) specimens were observed (Tables E-3 through E-12). In 1977, the number observed per unit ef fort was also significantly greater at night (Buynak et al. 1978a). In 1976, however, significantly more fish were observed at night at Bell Bend, but no differences were found at SSES (Buynak and Gurzynski 1977a).
| |
| Walleye, an important game fish, showed a marked increase at both stations in relative abundance and number observed per unit effort in 1978 compared to 1976 and 1977 (Buynak and Curzynski 1977a, Buynak et al.
| |
| 1978a). Its relative abundance increased from an average of 6.0% at SSES and Bell Bend in 1976-77 to 20.9% in 1978. The number observed per unit effort increased from an average of 2.5 walleye in 1976-77 to 12.1 in 1978. More than 50% of the walleye observed in 1978 were young, and most were seen from September through November (Tables E-13 and E-14) .
| |
| A sample of 13 young, collected on 17 October, ranged in length from 144 to 196 mm and weighed from 24 to 60 gms. These data indicate that a relatively large year class of walleye was produced in 1976. Based on
| |
| $i0$~0.
| |
| | |
| 168 previous age and growth studies (Ichthyological Associates 1974), most of the surviving individuals of the 1978 year class should enter the sport fishery by 1981.
| |
| Seining A total of 1,977 specimens of 21 fishes was captured by seine at SSES and Bell Bend (Tables E-2 and E-15 through E-21) . Of the 20 fishes captured at SSES (Table E-22), five composed 90.2% of the total catch.
| |
| Spotfin shiner was the most abundant (5 7. 3%) followed by spottail shiner (12.0%), bluntnose minnow (7.9%), comely shiner (7.0%), and white sucker (6.0%). At Bell Bend, 16 fishes were captured (Table E-23). The same five fishes, in the identical order of relative abundance as at SSES, composed 86.9% of the total catch. Spotfin shiner was the most abundant (35.4%) followed by spottail shiner (19.3%), bluntnose minnow (12.7%),
| |
| comely shiner (11.1%), and white sucker (8.4%).
| |
| Occurrence of the more abundant fishes at both stations was similar throughout the seven months sampled. At SSES (sites SN-1 and SN-2),
| |
| spottail shiner, spotfin shi.ner, and bluntnose minnow were captured each month (Table E-22) . Fewest fishes were taken in October (6) ; most were captured in June (15) . At Bell Bend (sites SN-3 and SN-4), spotfin shiner was the only species taken each month . Spottail shiner and bluntnose minnow were captured in all months except July (Table E-23) .
| |
| 87fLI.I.a 7.0
| |
| | |
| 169 The number of fishes captured at Bell Bend ranged from 4 in July to 11 in August. As with data collected by electrofishing, monthly differences at both stations were influenced by seasonal changes in river level and turbidity.
| |
| At the four sites, no significant differences were found either in the total number of fishes captured (Q = 1.67; DF = 3) or in their species composition (M = 0.82; DF = 3) (Tables E-15 through E-21). The number of fishes ranged from 13 to 16 at the four sites. Comely shiner, spottail shiner, spotfin shiner, bluntnose minnow, and white sucker composed 88.2, 94.5, 87.8, and 86.0% of the total catch at SN-1, SN-2, SN-3, and SN-4, respectively.
| |
| Between SSES and Bell Bend, no significant dif ference was found in the total number of specimens captured per unit effort. At SSES, 1,465 specimens were captured and at Bell Bend, 512 specimens were taken (Tables E-15 through E-21). Significant dif ferences were not detected in the number of specimens captured per unit effort between SSES and Bell Bend in 1976-77 (Buynak and Gurzynski 1977b, Buynak et al. 1978b).
| |
| No significant differences were found in the number of specimens captured per unit effort between the east and west bank sites (Tables E-15 through E-21) at either SSES or Bell Bend. At the SSES east bank site (SN-1), 1,008 specimens were capt'tred compared to 457 at the west bank site (SN-2). At Bell Bend, 254 specimens were taken at the east bank site (SN-3) and 258 were captured at the west bank site (SN-4).
| |
| @/03_70
| |
| | |
| 170 In 1976-77 (Buynak and Gurzynski 1977b, Buynak et al. 1978b), significant differences were not found between the east and west bank sites at both stations.
| |
| In 1978, the SN-1 site was moved because seining could not be conducted at the original location due to erosion of the river bank. Water at the original location was relatively clear because it was diluted with water from Little Wapwallopen Creek. The river water at the new location, 15 m upriver from the creek mouth, is undiluted and more turbid. Nearly 7-fold more fish were taken at the new location in 1978 compared with the mean catch at the original location in 1976-77 (Buynak and Gurzynski 1977b, Buynak et al. 1978b). The larger catch in 1978 probably occurred as a result of decreased net avoidance because of increased turbidity.
| |
| A total of four young walleye was captured at SSES and Bell Bend in 1978. Only three young walleye were taken from 1971 through 1977, a period when overall seining ef fort was several fold greater than in 1978.
| |
| These data support the conclusion in the electrofishing section, that a relatively large year class of walleye was produced in 1978.
| |
| REFERENCES CITED Bailey, R. M. , J. E. Fitch, E. S . Herald, E. A. Lachner, C. C. Linsey, C. R. Robins, and W. B. Scott. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada.
| |
| 3rd ed. Am. Fish. Soc . , Spec. Publ. No. 6. 150 pp.
| |
| 370174
| |
| | |
| 171 Buynak, G. L. and A. J. Gurzynski. 1976a. Fishes. Pages 231-279 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress report for the period January-December 1974) .
| |
| Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
| |
| and . 1976b. Fishes. Pages 175-236 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1975). Ichthyological Associates, Inc...Berwick, Pa.
| |
| and . 19 77a . Electrofishing of fishes. Pages 167-188 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric, Station (Annual report for 1976). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
| |
| and . 19 7 7b . Scining of fishes. Pages 189-203 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Stacion (Annual report for 1976). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
| |
| and . 1977c. Tagging of fishes. Pages 204-209 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1976) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Be rwick, Pa.
| |
| and . 1977d. Age and growth of fishes. Pages 210-230 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1976). Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
| |
| and . 1978 Age and growth of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) in a large river polluted by acid mine drainage. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 52(2): 176-178.
| |
| , , and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978a. Electrofishing of fishes. Pages 220-242 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1977) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
| |
| , ,and . 1978b. Seining of fishes. Pages 243-257 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1977) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc. , Berwick, Pa.
| |
| 97D.L75
| |
| | |
| 172 Eddy, S. 1969. How to know the freshwater fishes. 2nd ed. William C.
| |
| Brown Co. , Dubuque, Iowa. 286 pp.
| |
| Hendrickson, J. A., Jr. 1978. Statistical analysis of the presence-absence component of species composition data. Pages 113-124 in K. L. Dickson, J. Cairns, Jr., and R. J. Livingston (eds.),
| |
| Biological data in water pollution assessment: Quantitative and statistical analyses. ASTM, STP 652. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa.
| |
| Ichthyological Associates. 1972. An ecological study of t'ne North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1971) . Pa. Power and Light Co. ,
| |
| Allentown, Pa. 232 pp.
| |
| , Inc. 1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Sus 3uehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972) . Pa. Power and Light Co. ,
| |
| Allentown, Pa. 658 pp.
| |
| . 1974. An ecologis - atudy of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1973) . Pa. Power and Light Co.,
| |
| Allentown, Pa. 838 pp.
| |
| Novotny, D. W. and G. R. Priegel. 1974. Electrofishing boats: Improved designs and operational guidelines to increase the effectiveness of boom shockers. Tech. Bull. No. 73. Dept. of Nat. Resour., Madison, Wis. 48 pp.
| |
| Pflieger, W. L. 1968. Checklis t of the fishes of Missouri, with keys for identification. Mo. Dept. of Cons., D-J Series No. 3. 64 pp.
| |
| Scott, W. B. and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada.
| |
| Fish. Res. Board Can., Bull. 184. 966 pp.
| |
| Siegel, S. 1956. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences.
| |
| McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NY 312 pp.
| |
| , $a
| |
| | |
| 173 Table E-1. Descriptions of electrofishing (EL) and seining (SN) sites at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1978.
| |
| Site Location SSES EL-1 East bank from gas-line crossing to 213 m upriver from a point opposite the center of the Susquehanna SES intake structure EL-2 West bank from gas-line crossing to 213 m upriver from the center of the Susquehanna SES intake structure SN-1 East bank 540 m upriver from a point opposite the center of the Susquehanna SES intake structure (15 m upriver from the mouth of Little Wapwallopen Creek)
| |
| SN-2 West bank 350 m upriver from the center of the Susquehanna SES intake structure (75 m downriver from the boat dock at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory)
| |
| BELL BEND EL-3 East bank from 230 m downriver from a point oppt the Susquehanna SES discharge diffuser to 200 m upriver ris_
| |
| the mouth of Wapwallopen Creek EL-4 West bank from 165 m downriver from the Susquehanna SES discharge dif fuser to 175 m upriver from the mouth of the small stream opposite the mouth of Wapwallopen Creek SN-3 East bank 2,235 m downriver from a point opposite the Susquehanna SES discharge diffuser (at the launching ramp of the Berwick Boat Club)
| |
| SN-4 West bank 1,175 m Jownriver from the Susquehanna SES discharge dif fuser (300 m uprive - from the mouth of the small stream opposite Wapwallopen Creek) 370.L77
| |
| | |
| 174 Table E-2. Fishes found at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1971-78.
| |
| An asterisk denotes fishea taken in 1978.
| |
| Anguillidae - Freshwater Eels Anguilla rostmta - American eel Salmonidae - Trouts Coregonus artedii - cisco Salmo trutta - brown trout
| |
| * Esocidae - Pikes Esor Zucius - northern pike
| |
| * E. masquinongy - muskellunge
| |
| * E niger - chain pickerel
| |
| * E. Lucius x E. maquinongy - tiger muskellunge Esor spp. - pike spp.
| |
| * Cyprinidae - Minnows and Carps Carpostom anomlier - stoneroller Cyprinus carpio - carp
| |
| * Eroglossum maxillingua - cutlips minnow Noc<rtis niorcpogon - river chub
| |
| * Notenigonus enjsoleucas - golden shiner
| |
| * Notropis amoenus - comely shiner
| |
| * N. cornutus - common shiner N. hudsonius - spottail shiner
| |
| * N. procne - swallewtail shiner
| |
| * N. rubellus - rosyface shiner N. spilopterus - spotfin shiner
| |
| * Notrcpis spp. - shiner spp.
| |
| Pimephales notatus - blun'. nose minnow
| |
| * Ehinichthys atratulus '.lacknose dace R. cataractae - longnose dace
| |
| * Semotilus atromculatus - creek chub S. corpomlis - fa11 fish
| |
| * Catostomidae - Suckers Carpiodes cyprinus - qui 11back*
| |
| Catostomus comersoni - white sucker
| |
| * Rypentelium niJPicans - northern hog sucker
| |
| * Morcatom macrc Lepidotum - shorthead redhorse*
| |
| Unidentified catostomidae - sucker spp.*
| |
| Ictaluridae - Freshwater Catfishes Ictalurus catus - white catfish I. natalis - yellow bullhead
| |
| * I. nebulosus - brown bullhead
| |
| * I. punctatus - channel carfish*
| |
| Unidentified ictalaridae - catfish spp.*
| |
| Cyprinodontidae - Banded K1111 fishes
| |
| ?undulus diaphanus - banded killif tsh Centrarchidae - Sunfishes Ambloplites rupestris - rock bass
| |
| * Leponis auritus - redbreast sunfish
| |
| * L. cyanellus - green sunfish L. gibbosus - pumpkinseed*
| |
| L. merochirus - bluegil1*
| |
| Leponie spp. - sunfish spp.*
| |
| Micrcpterus dolonieuf - smallmouth bass
| |
| * N. salmoides - largemouth bass
| |
| * Pomoris annularis - white crappie
| |
| * P. nigmmaculatus - black crappie
| |
| * Pcmoris spp. - crappie spp.*
| |
| Percidae - Perches Etheostom olmstedi - tesse11ated darter *
| |
| (PM
| |
| *> .(
| |
| d t}.ky,h Perca flavescens - yellow perch
| |
| * Percita peltata - shield darter a Stizostedian vitreum - walleye
| |
| * Cottidae - Sculpins Cottus bairdi - mottled sculpin*
| |
| a Adult captured at the SSES pump site with a high-capacity trash pump on 21 June 1978.
| |
| | |
| Table E-3. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 9 March 1978.
| |
| STATI ON SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-1 E L- 2 EL-3 E L- 4 CO L LECT ION NO. GLB-78-001 GLB-78-007 GLB-78-0 0 2 GLB-78-0 08 G LB-78 -0 04 GLB-78-0 GLB-78-0 03 GLB-78-0 05 TIME 0929-0951 2005-2020 0958-1014 2035-2055 1050-1115 1940-2000 1025-1045 1909-1931 AIR TEMPERATURE (C) 0.0 -1.0 0.0 -1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 WATER TEMPERATURE (C) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 TU RSIDITY ( NTU ) 5.8 5.4 6.7 7.3 7.3 7.3 6.4 6.9 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) 13.40 13.60 13.35 13. 50 13.40 13.40 13.45 13.40 Ph 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 30 0 265 321 333 --
| |
| 325 328 340 SPECIES
| |
| * MUSKELLUNGE O O O O O O 1 0 CARP O 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 F ALLF I Sh 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 QUILLB ACK 41 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 WHITE SUCKER 0 18 0 13 1 14 0 20 NORT hERN HOG SUCKLh 6 4 4 0 2 3 0 2 SHORTHEAD REDh0RSE 7 8 0 2 0 8 0 0 ROCK BASS 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 SMALLMOUTh BASS 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 WALLEYE O 21 1 43 0 5 0 5 FISH (U N ID ENT I F I ED ) 2 3 0 3 0 2 2 3 TOTAL 57 72 5 62 3 36 4 41 C
| |
| N C
| |
| !~
| |
| M CO
| |
| | |
| Table E-4. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 13 April 1978.
| |
| STATION SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-1 E L- 2 EL-3 EL-4 CO LLECT ION NO. GLB-78-Oll GLB-78-014 GLB-78-012 GLB-78-013 GLB-78-010 GLB-78-015 GLB-78-009 GLB-78-016 TIME 0933-0948 2020-2035 0955-1008 2001-2013 0907-0923 2045-2100 0845-0901 2111-2125 AI R TEMPERATURE (C) 14 . 0 7.5 14.0 7.5 14.0 8.5 14.0 8.5 WATER TEMPEhATUhE (C) 8.5 9.0 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.0 8.5 7.0 TURBIDITY (NTU) 13 15 15 14 13 16 13 15 DISSOLV ED OXYG Eh (MG/L) 11.00 11.00 11.10 11.00 11.10 11.00 11.20 11.10 PH 7.2 7.3 7.3 7. 3 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 SPECIFIC COhDUCTANCE A1 25 C(pMh0S/CH) 151 --
| |
| 150 150 ]58 155 150 --
| |
| w SPECIES
| |
| * CARP 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 CUILLBACK 6 6 0 1 3 2 0 1 nHITE SUCKER 14 5 0 5 6 4 22 12 SiORThEAD REEHORSE O 2 0 2 0 1 0 8 KOCK BASS 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 FISH (UNIDENTIFIED) 2 2 0 2 0 2 0 10 TOTAL 23 15 0 11 10 11 22 33 (O
| |
| ad C
| |
| W Go O
| |
| | |
| Table E-5. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 8 May 1978.
| |
| STATION SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-l E L- 2 EL-3 EL-4 COLLECTION NO. GLB-78-03 5 GLB-78-0 38 GLB-78-036 GLB-78-037 GLB-78-0 34 GLB-78-03 9 GLB-78-0 3 3 GLB-78-040 TIME 0956-1016 2140-2202 1021-1039 2113-2135 0922-0945 2207-2236 0856-0911 22 4 a- 230 9 AI R TEMPERATURE (C) 11.0 10.5 12.0 10.5 11.0 10.5 11.0 10.5 HATER TEMPEF.ATURE (C) 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.5 11.0 10.5 TU RBIDITY ( NTU ) 5. 5 3.7 4.2 4.6 6.7 5.1 6.3 4.4 DISSOLV ED OXYG EN (MG/L) 11.40 10.70 11.40 10.90 11.00 10.80 11.20 11.00 Pil 7.6 7.4 7.5 7. 5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 170 155 230 230 215 218 225 --
| |
| SPE CIL S BROhN TkOUT 0 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 MUSKELLUNGE 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 CARP 4 8 1 2 2 4 2 5 FALLFISH 0 3 1 0 2 2 1 1 1 10 17 5 0 1 2 4 QUILLB ACK hillTE SUCKEh 2 7 4 14 5 9 9 5 NOldhERN HOG SUCKER 1 4 4 3 0 1 1 1 Sh0kThLAD REDh0RSE k, 6 31 28 13 2 26 7 16 BROhN BULLHEAD N O 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 ROC K B AS S C) 0 5 0 1 0 21 0 1
| |
| 'e 7 0 1 0 5 2 2 SMALLMOUTH BASS p 3 0
| |
| SUNFISH SPP. 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Q, 0 49 1 24 WALLEYE a 3 34 1 9 1 19 9 11 6 8 3 8 FISH (U N ID ENTI FI ED )
| |
| TOTAL 21 130 68 62 19 130 28 71
| |
| | |
| Table E-6. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 5 June 1978.
| |
| ST AT I ON SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-1 E L- 2 EL-3 EL-4 CO LLECT ION NO. GLB-78-0 50 GLB-78-0 56 GLB-78-0 4 9 GLB-78-0 55 GLB-78-051 GLB-78-054 GLB-78-0 52 GLB-78-0 53 TIME 0920-0943 2307-2306 0854-0907 2237-2300 0949-1010 2158-2220 1016-1037 2128-2150 AIR TEMPEhATURE (C) 16.0 15.0 16.0 15.0 16.0 15.0 16.0 15.0 WATER TEMPE RATURE (C) 20.0 21.0 20.5 21.0 20.5 21.0 20.5 21.0 TU RBI D ITY ( NTU ) 12 14 14 15 11 12 13 15 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) 8.80 9.90 8.80 9.60 8.80 10.60 8.80 10.00 PH 7.3 7.5 7.3 7. 5 7.3 7.6 7.4 7.5 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(VMHOS/CM) 288 298 295 308 295 298 299 310 SPECIES CARP 0 0 1 1 2 1 4 1 C 0 1 2 1 2 FALLFISH 5 0 3 1 0 2 7 0 1 0 2 GUILLD ACK WHITE SUCKER 11 0 5 12 11 5 0 3 NORTHERN HOG SUCKER 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 SHORTHEAD hEDhOhSE 0 0 11 3 4 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 1 3 0 0 BROWN BU LLH EAD CHANNEL CATFISH 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 CATFISH SPP. 0 0 1 0 0 8 1 5 0 9 ROC K BAS S PUMP KI NSEED %Y 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 BLU EGILL C 2 2 0 12 0 1 0 3 SMALLMOUTH B ASS h 4 1 6 29 5 0
| |
| 23 2
| |
| 7 1
| |
| 9 2
| |
| SUNFISH SPP. Q} 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 WHITE CRAPPIE 0 1 0 0 0
| |
| :.2) 8 WALLEYE 1 1 1 11 7 15 2 0 1 4 3 4 5 1 4 FISH (U N ID ENTIFI ED )
| |
| TOTAL 28 6 36 91 36 69 19 48
| |
| | |
| Table E-7. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bead electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 6 July 1978.
| |
| ST ATI ON SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-1 E L- 2 EL-3 EL-4 COLLECTION NO . GLB-78-068 GLB-78-069 GLB-78-067 GLB-78-070 GLB-78-066 GLB-78-071 GLB-78-06 5 GLB-78-072 TIME 1023-1043 2123-2144 1001-1018 2150-2207 0922-0950 2212-2237 0849-0915 2250-2308 AI R TEMPERATU RE (C ) 22.0 19.5 22.0 19.5 20.5 18.5 20.5 18.5 WATEk TEMPE RATUhE (C) 21.0 23.0 21.0 23.0 20.0 23.0 20.5 23.0 18 17 24 17 18 17 17 17 TU RBIDITY (NTU) 11.40 DISSOLV ED OXYG EN (MG/L) 10.70 12.60 10. 50 11.40 9.90 1 2. 50 9.90 7.6 8.2 7.5 7.8 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.8 PH SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE 379 AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) -- 349 382 370 380 386 389 SPECIES 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 CHAIN PICKEREL 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 PIKE SPP. 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 1 CARP 0 C 1 0 6 3 0 0 1 FALLFI SH 1 5
| |
| * 2 8 1 2 1 2 QUILLB ACK 2 4 WHITE SUCKER 10 6 17 8 3 11 5 26 1 0 0 1 1 NO RTHERN HOG SUCKER 1 5 7 3 0 0 1 0 SHORTHEAD REDHORSE 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 SUCKER SPP. 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 BROWN BULLHEAD 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 CHANNEL CATFISH 0 7 0 9 0 4 2 4 ROCK BASS 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 REDBREAST SUNFISH 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 PU MP KI NS EED 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 BLUEGILL 11 6 18 SMALLMOUTH BASS em 7 15 16 18 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 LARGEMOUTH B ASS [*f 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 SUNFISH SPP. g% 1
| |
| *" 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 BLACK CRAPPIE ,
| |
| 0 1 0 F* 0 1 0 0 0 YELLOW PERCH 3 11 GD 1 10 0 6 1 18 WALLEY E 2 4 11 5 1 2 4 FISH (UN ID ENTIFI ED ) CJ 6 44 78 82 50 11 59 19 54 TOTAL
| |
| | |
| Table E-8. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 7 August 1978.
| |
| STATI ON SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-1 E L- 2 EL-3 EL-4 00LLECTION NO. GLB-78-08 3 GLS-78-08 6 GLB-78-0 84 GLB-78-08 5 GLB-78-081 GLB-78-0 88 GLB-78-08 2 GLB-78-087 TIME 0944-1002 2144-2205 1010-1025 2116-2134 0840-0904 2245-2308 0913-0932 2215-2235 AI R TEMPERATURE (C) 24.0 --
| |
| 24.0 --
| |
| 24.0 --
| |
| 24.0 --
| |
| WATER TEMPE RATURE (C) 25.0 25.5 25.0 25.5 25.0 25.5 25.0 25.5 TURBIDITY (NTU) 12 15 11 29 11 33 11 27 DISSOLVED OXYG EN (MG/L) ~7.40 7.90 7.20 7. 50 7.80 7.20 7.85 7.70 PH 7. 5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(p MHOS/CM) 327 331 3 30 320 320 331 325 332 SPECIES MU SKE LLUNGE 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 CHAIN PICKEREL 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 PIKE SPP. O C 0 0 0 0 0 1 CARP 1 13 2 2 2 10 3 7 FAL LFI SH 0 0 7 0 1 0 0 0 8 4 1 4 -
| |
| QUILLBACK 5 3 5 2 WHITE SUCKER 6 4 26 7 12 8 4 3 $
| |
| NORTHERN HOG SUCKER 0 0 20 0 9 0 1 0 SHORTHEAD REDHORSE 5 7 12 18 13 12 5 9 CHANNEL CATFISH 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 ROC K BAS S 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 REDBREAST SUhFISH 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 PU MP KI NS EED 2 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 BLUEGILL 0 0 7 0 2 1 0 0 SMALLMOUTh BASS ([A 9 28 25 4 31 9 20 13 LARGEMOUTH B ASS 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 g*%
| |
| SUNFISH SPP. , 1 0 1 7 4 0 2 4 BLACK CRAPPI L l'' 0 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 WALLEYE 2 2 6 2 3 3 9 0 4 FISH (U N ID ENTI FI ED ) itD 4 18 4 11 7 15 13 13 TOTAL 37 85 111 56 101 70 51 62
| |
| | |
| Table E-9. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 20 September 1978.
| |
| STAT ION SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-1 E L-2 EL-3 EL-4 COLLECTION NO. GLB-78-106 GLB-78-lli GLB-78-105 GLB-78-ll2 GLB-78-108 GLB-78-10 9 GLB-78-107 GLB-78-110 TIME 0955-1020 2150-2212 0920-0945 2230-2250 1100-1120 2031-2100 1028-1052 2114-2135 AIR TEMPERATURE (C) 17. 5 17.0 17.5 17.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 WATER TEMPE RATURE (C) 19.5 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 TURBIDITY (NTU) 15 22 20 17 16 17 21 22 DISSOLVED OXYG EN (MG/L) 7.40 6.90 6.20 6. 50 7.00 7.35 6.30 6.55 PH 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 379 351 371 3 58 371 347 378 360 SPECIES MUSKELLUNGE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 CHAIN PICKEREL 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 CARP 3 0 2 0 3 0 3 1 RIV Ek C HU B 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5
| |
| ~
| |
| FAL LFI SH 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 GUILLB AC K 2 15 1 1 6 5 3 1 W111TE SUCKER 5 7 18 9 8 18 9 8 h0RTHERN HOG SUChER 2 12 30 12 7 5 5 4 SiOR1 HEAD hEDHORSE 33 13 3 8 19 7 12 3 bROhN bOLLHEAD 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 CHANNEL CATFISH 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 ROCK BASS 2 7 0 1 1 12 1 9 REDBREAST SUhEISH 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 PU MP KI NS EED 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 bLLEGlLL 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 SMALLMOUTH BASS 15 14 30 3 23 14 26 14 LAhGEFOUTH BASS 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 SUhEISh SPP. 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 BLACK CRAPPI E 1 (g 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 CRAP PI E SPP. 0 .
| |
| 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 YELLGW PEhCH 4 40 4 0 0 0 10 4 0 WALLEYE 19 . " 22 9 8 4 42 32 FI Sli (U NID ENTIFI ED ) 11 P 6 5 13 13 6 7
| |
| @ 11 U1 TOTAL 106 107 107 54 86 120 94 84
| |
| | |
| Table E-10. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 17 October 1978.
| |
| STAllGN SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-1 E L- 2 EL-3 Eu-4 CO L LECT ION NO. GLB-78-124 GLB-78-12 5 GLB-78-123 GLB-78-126 GLB-78-122 GLB-78-127 b-78-121 GLB-78-128 TIME 1100-1121 2000-2016 1036-1056 2021-2041 0952-1015 2047-2109 0920-0942 2120-2145 AI R TEMPERATU RE (C) 7. 5 B.0 7.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 WATER TEMPEbATUkE (C) 12.0 11.5 11.5 12 . 0 11.0 12.C 12.0 12.0 TU RBIDIT Y ( NI U ) 10 9.9 10 13 9.8 13 13 15 DISSOLV ED OXYGEN (MG/L) 9.75 9.70 9.80 9.60 9.55 9.75 9.50 9.60 Ph 7.4 7.5 7.5 7. 5 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.6 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE A1 25 C(uMh05/Ch) 280 280 297 288 290 287 299 288 SPECIES MU SKE LLUNGE O 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 CHAIN PICKEhEL 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 CARP 2 5 4 2 3 3 2 2 [
| |
| N FALLFISH 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 1 5 11 0 3 1 6 1 5 CUILLB ACK WHITE SUCKEk 13 16 28 28 14 14 8 4 NORTHERN HOG SUCKER 4 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 Sh0hThEAD REDhOhSE 13 16 7 10 22 21 12 16 BROWN BU LLH E AD 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 2 0 0 0 0 CHANNEL CATFISH ROCK BASS 0 4 0 2 1 6 2 3 PU MP KI NS EED 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 BLU EGIL L 0 1 3 1 5 1 1 1 SMALLMOUTh BASS (C 3 10 10 4 8 11 13 7 0 0 4 2 LARGEPOUTH B ASS gJ 0 1 0 1 0 1 SUNFISH SPP. p' 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 BLACK CRAPPIE -
| |
| O 0 1 CRAPPI E SPP. 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 YELLOW PERCH 1 1 1 0 2 0 2 0 hALLEYE CI 2 50 20 9 7 25 17 54 FISH (U NID ENT I FI ED ) 2 22 10 6 8 19 6 12 TOTAL 45 147 92 73 78 109 74 112
| |
| | |
| Table E-ll. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 6 November 1978.
| |
| STATION SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-1 E L-2 EL-3 EL-4 03LLECTION NO. GLB-78-12 9 GLB-78-136 GLB-78-130 GLB-78-13 5 GLB-78-132 GLB-78-133 GLB-78-131 GLB-78-134 TIME 0842-0902 1952-2016 0906-0925 1930-1943 0958-1019 1822-1847 0927-0952 1856-1913 AIR TEMPERATURE (C) 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.0 10.0 8.5 10.0 8.5 WATER TEMPERATU RE (C) 9.0 9.5 9.0 9.5 9.0 10.0 9.0 10.0 TU FBIDITY ( NTU) 6.5 5.3 5.5 5. 3 5.7 5.8 5.2 6.9 DISSOLV ED OXYG EN (MG/L) 10. 30 11.25 10.60 11.15 10.40 10.90 10.60 11.25 PH 7.4 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.4 7.6 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(p MHOS/CM) 240 245 250 251 245 250 252 258 SPECIES NORTHERN PIKE O 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 MUSKELLUNGE O 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 CHAIN PICKEREL 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 2 PIKE SPP. 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 CARP 3 7 0 1 1 1 0 1 5
| |
| '3 FALLFISH 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 QUILLB ACK 0 9 0 4 0 8 0 15 WHITE SUCKER 22 15 42 14 55 20 8 3 NO RT HERN HOG SUCKER 9 10 11 3 36 1 3 5 SHORTiiEAD REDHORSE O 2 0 2 9 10 1 7 YELLOW BULLHEAD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 BROWN BU LLHEAD CHANNEL CATFISH 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ROC K BAS S 0 10 3 11 0 14 3 6 PU MP KI NS E ED 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 BLUEGILL 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 SHALLMOUTH BASS 4 8 10 4 12 6 10 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 LARGEMOUTH BASS (g) 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 SUNFISH SPP. g; O 0 1 0 0 0 0 BLACK CRAPPIE g" 0 1
| |
| 8 3 1 0 1 0 2 3 YELLOW PERCH .
| |
| WALLEYE f*
| |
| * 4 86 5 55 10 47 5 99 12 1 4 3 5 2 5 FISH (UN ID ENTI FI ED ) C[ 1
| |
| ^J TOTAL 47 179 78 102 130 114 39 158
| |
| | |
| Table E-12. Number of fish observed at SSES and Bell Bend electrofishing sites on the Susquehanna River, 13 December 1978.
| |
| STATION SSES BELL BEND SITE EL-1 E L-2 EL-3 E L- 4 CDLLECTION NO . GLB-78-14 0 GLB-78-141 GLB-78-139 GLB-78-14 2 GLB-78-138 GLB-78-14 3 GLB-78-137 GLB-78-14 4 TIME 1114-1129 1825-1840 1021-1034 1849-1900 0959-1012 1907-1923 0930-0948 1930-1945 AI R TEMPERATU RE (C ) 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.* 1.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 WATER TEMPERATURE (C) 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.s 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 TU RBIDITY( NTU ) 9.0 12 20 22 17 15 18 18 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) 13.05 12.90 13.00 13.00 12.60 12.95 12.80 12.95 PH 7.4 7.2 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.2 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE AT 25 C(pMHOS/CM) 14 1 139 170 168 170 162 171 168 cm SPECIES BROWN TROUT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 MUSKELLUNGE O O O O O 1 2 1 CHAIN PICKEREL 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 CARP O 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 FALLFISH 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 QUILLB ACK WHITE SUCKER 4 3 6 7 1 6 2 7 NOIGHERN HOG SUCKER 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 BLACK CRAPPIE O O O O 1 0 0 0 WALLEYE O 4 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 5 1 1 2 2 0 1 FISH (UN ID ENTIF I ED )
| |
| (s N1 TOTAL 4 13 8 10 6 11 6 9 co 00
| |
| | |
| Table E-13. Mean number of fish observed in electrofishing runs at SSES on the Susquehanna River, March through December 1978.
| |
| SPECIES MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NCV LEC MEAN % 'IUTAL BROWN TkOUT 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.13 0.21 NORIIERN PIKE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.03 0.04 MUSKELIIJhGE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0. 0 0.8 0.0 0.10 0.17 WAIN PICKEEEL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.10 0.17 PIKE SPP. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.05 0.08 CARP 0. 5 0.5 3.8 0.5 1.3 4.5 1.3 3.3 2.8 0 .5 1.88 3.12 RIVER CHUB 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 0. 04 FALIFISH 0.8 0.0 1.0 2.0 2.5 1.8 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.93 1. 54 CUILIBACK 13.0 3. 3 8.3 2.5 3.3 3.8 4.8 4.8 3.3 0.0 4.68 7.79 hHITE SUCKER 7.8 6.0 6.8 7.0 10.3 10.8 9. 8 21.3 23.3 5.0 10.78 17.94 PORTHEhN HOG SUCKER 3. 5 0.0 3. 0 1.0 8.3 5.0 14.0 2.3 8.3 0.0 4.53 7. 54 Sh0RrhEAD REDHOREE 4.3 1.0 19.5 3.5 6.0 10.5 14. 3 11.5 1.0 0.0 7.15 11.91 BBOWN IDLIEEAD 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.38 0.62 $
| |
| CHANNEL CMPFISH 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.50 0.83 IOCK BASS 0.8 0.0 1.5 2.3 2.5 0.5 2.5 1.5 6.0 0.0 1.75 2.91 FEDBREASI SUNFISH 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.13 0.21 RJMPKINSEED 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.d 0.3 0.0 0.30 0.50 BLUEGILL 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.5 1. 8 1. 0 1.3 0.5 0.0 0.90 1.50 SMALIMU'IH BASS 0. 3 0.0 2.8 10.0 14.0 16 .5 15.5 6.8 6.5 0.0 7.23 12.03 LARGEMOUTH BASS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.25 0.42 SUNFISH SPP. 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.5 2.3 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.53 0.87 WHITE CRAPPIE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 0. 04 BLACK CRAPPIE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 1. 0 0.5 2.3 0.0 0.48 0.79 CRAPPIE SPP. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.08 0.12 YELIDW PEROI CO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 2.0 0. 8 1.3 0.0 0.43 0. 71 NALLEYE h l6.3 0.0 11.8 3.5 4.3 3.3 14.5 20.3 37.5 1.3 11.25 18 . 73 FISH (UNIDENIIFIED) .' ". 2. 0 1.5 10.0 2.0 5.8 9.3 8.3 10.0 4.5 1.8 5.50 9.16 p
| |
| TorAL 49.0 12 . 3 70.3 40.3 63.5 72.3 93.5 89.3 101.5 8.8 60.05
| |
| | |
| Table F-14 Mean number of fish observed in electrofishing runs at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, March through December 1978.
| |
| SPECIES MAR APR . MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MEAN % TJIAL BIOWN TFOUT 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.03 0.04 MUSEELIUNGE 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.43 0.76 OiAIN PICKEREL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 1.t 1.3 0.3 0 .30 0. 54 PIKE SPP. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.08 0.13 CARP 0.3 1.0 3.3 2.0 0.5 5.5 1.8 2.5 0.8 0.0 1.75 3.13 FALIFISH 0.3 0.0 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.55 0.98 QUILIBACK 0.3 1.5 1.8 0.8 2. 3 4. 3 3.8 3.3 5.0 0. 3 2.38 4.25 WHITE WCKER 10.8 11.0 7.0 4.8 5.0 6.8 10.8 10.0 21.5 4. 0 9.15 16. 36 IDHTHERN LOG WCKER 1.8 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 2.5 5.3 2.0 11.3 0.3 2.45 4.38 SHORTHFAD EEDFORSE 2. 0 2.3 12.8 3.3 0.3 9.8 10.3 17.8 6.8 0.0 6 .50 11.62 SUCKER SPP. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.04 -
| |
| YELICW BULLHEAD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.03 0.04 m BBOWN BULIllEAD 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.33 0.58 CHANNEL CATFISH 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.18 0.31 CATFISH SPP. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.03 0.04 HOCK BASS 0.5 0.3 5.5 3.8 4.0 0.8 5.8 3.0 5.8 0.0 2.93 5.23 FEDBBEAST SUNFISH 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.10 0.18 RJMPKINSEED 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.18 0.31 BLUEGILL 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.8 2. 5 2.0 0.3 0.0 0.70 1.25 SMALINCUTH BASS 0.8 0.0 2.3 11.0 9. 0 18.3 19.3 9.8 8.3 0.0 7.85 14 .04 IARGEJOUTH BASS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.30 0.54 SUNFISH SPP. 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.3 0.5 2.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.58 1.03 BLACK CFAPPIE C,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.20 0.36 CRAPPIE SPP. Al 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.05 0.09 YELIOW PEROI C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 1. 0 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.38 0.67 WALIEYE i"* 2.5 0.0 18.5 8.0 8.3 4.0 22.0 25.8 40 .3 0. 3 12.95 23.16 FISH (UNIDENTIFIED) 1.8 3. 0 6.3 3.5 3.0 12 . 0 9.8 11.3 3.8 1. 3 5.55 9.92 TOIAL 21.0 19.0 62.0 43.0 35.8 71.0 96.0 93.3 110 . 3 8.0 5 5.93
| |
| | |
| E" 17 23 00 5 4 - 205303 300010100 s . 5 .
| |
| e N 79817 7 t D S 2 1 0 i N B0 1 s E L2 B G g
| |
| n L 34 25 i L n E 00 040363510 2 i B 3 - 250803.3 25 5 4 e . .
| |
| 72714 1
| |
| s N .7 S 4 1 0 d B0 1 n L2 e G B
| |
| l .
| |
| l8 e7 B9 93 1 12 d 00 nl 2 - 205303 100000000 1 ai . .4 .
| |
| r N 78817 7 Sp S - 1 1 0 EA B0 1 S L2 S7 S G 2 E t S 72 a , S 11 r 00 de 1 - 200402 894290401 7 ev . . .2 . 315 2 ri N 708 15 7 1 uR S - 0 1 0 t B0 1 pa L2 an G cn a
| |
| hh se iu fq s )
| |
| f u oS L
| |
| ) /
| |
| re C G eh ) ( M R bt CE ( E
| |
| ( R N N W .
| |
| m un EU E RI EHRN O 0.1C C s ..
| |
| No . RT)G O UAUY RNSENE N TRTX EI NIC R
| |
| . AENO NHLIMA E 5 N RP( ISIH D K 1 O EMYD H ASE CS
| |
| - I PETE SLT SEHUS E N T MTIV S IWNOSSSA O C E DL E YAOINOI B e I E TRIO I LTLFTNFE L l T E LE EBS C ETLTNGLTK A b A T LMRTRS E MOAOUNLIC T a T I OIIAUIH P OPWPLOAHO O T S S CTAWTDP S CSSSBLFWR T
| |
| | |
| Table E-16. Number of fish captured at SSES and Bell Bend seining sites on the Susquehanna River, 3 May 1978.
| |
| STATION SSES BELL BEND SITE SN-1 SN-2 SN-3 SN-4 COLLECTION NO. GLB-78-031 GLB-78-0 29 GLB-78-027 GLB-78-025 TIME 2152-2205 2140-2148 2125-2132 2113-2121 AI R TEMPE RATURE (C) 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.5 WATER TEMPERATURE (C) 12.5 12.0 12.0 12.5 TU RBIDITY (NTU) 13 13 13 13 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) 11.70 11.50 11.20 11.60 PH 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.9 SPECIES COMELY SHINER 62 27 5 29 SPOTTAIL SHINER 51 5 8 20 SWALLOWTAIL SHINER 20 0 0 1 SPOTFIN SHINER 210 31 0 6 BLUNTNOSE MINNOW 43 6 1 21 FALLFISH 0 0 0 3 TESSELLATED DARTER 2 0 0 0 MOTTLED SCULPIN 1 0 0 0 TOTAL 389 69 14 80 C
| |
| s.1
| |
| ,C O
| |
| N
| |
| | |
| Table E-17. Number of fish captured at SSES and Bell Bend seining sites on the Susquehanna River, 16 June 1978.
| |
| STATION SSES BELL BEND SITE SN-1 SN-2 SN-3 SN-4 COLLECTION NO. GLB-78-0 57 GI,B-79-0 59 GLB-78-063 GLB-78-061 TIME 2130-2135 2140-2155 2230-2255 2202-2216 AI R TEMPERATURE (C) 11.O 11.0 11.0 11.0 WATER TEMPERATURE (C) 20.5 20.5 20.0 20.5 TU RBIDITY ( NTU ) 13 13 13 13 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) 8.80 8.85 9.30 9.15 PH 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 SPECIES co GOLDEN SHINER 2 0 4 1 COMELY SHINER 4 0 0 0 SPOTTAIL SHINER 32 15 3 2 SWALLOWTAIL SHINER 11 0 0 0 SPOTFIN SHINER 250 141 0 5 BLUNTNOSE MINNOW 16 6 0 2 LONGNOSE DACE 5 0 0 0 FALLFI SH 25 2 0 1 WHITE SUCKER 59 29 28 13 SHORTHEAD REDHORSE 3 0 0 0 ROCK BASS 4 1 2 0 BLU EGIL L 0 0 0 1 WHITE CRAPPIE O 1 0 0 BLACK CRAPPIE O 1 0 0 TESSELLATED DARTER 6 2 0 1 YELLOW PERCH 1 0 0 0 (p
| |
| 'N p5 TOTAL 418 198 37 26 O
| |
| .g
| |
| | |
| Table E-18. Number of fish captured at SSES and Bell Bend seining sites on the Susquehanna River, 12 July 1978.
| |
| STATION SSES BELL BEND SITE SN -1 SN-2 SN-3 SN-4 COLLECTION NO. GLB-78-0 7 7 GLB-7 8-0 7 9 GLB-78-073 GLB-78-075 TIME 7,50-2200 2205-2215 2125-2132 2137-2142 AIR TEMPERATURE (C) 16.5 16.5 17.5 17.0 WATER TEMPERATURE (C) 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 TURBIDITY (NTU ) 13 17 13 17 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) 9.25 9.25 10.45 9.55 PH 7.7 7.7 8.0 7.7 e
| |
| SPECIES CHAIN PICKEREL 0 0 1 0 GOLDEN SHINER 0 0 9 0 SPOTTAIL SHIN ER 9 4 0 0 SPOTFIN SHINER 6 7 2 0 BLUNTNOSE MINNOW 3 1 0 0 FALLFISH 3 0 0 0 WHITE SUCKER 0 J l 0 ROCK BASS 1 0 0 0 TESSELLATED DARTER 0 4 0 0 g WALLEYE 1 0 0 0 N
| |
| c 23 16 13 H TOTAL 0 C
| |
| Sa
| |
| | |
| Table E-19. Number of fi>n captured at SSES and Bell Bend seining sites on the Susquehanna River, 15 August 1978.
| |
| STATION SSES BELL BEND SITE SN-1 SN-2 SN-3 SN-4 COLLECTION NO. GLB-78-089 GLB-78-091 GLB-78-095 GLB-78-093 TIME 2102-2107 2112-2121 2143-2150 2130-2138 AIR TEMPERATURE (C) 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 WATER TEMPERATU RE (C) 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.O TURBIDITY ( NTU) 13 13 9.0 14 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) 8.60 9.10 9.30 9.30 PH 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 5
| |
| SPECIES GOLDEN SHINER 0 0 1 0 COMELY SHINER 0 1 0 0 SPOTTAIL SHINER 0 16 0 6 SWALLOWTAIL S111NER 0 0 1 1 SPOTFIN SHINER 1 114 19 62 BLUNTNOSE MINNOW 12 12 5 14 FALLPISH 0 0 0 2 ROCK BASS 2 2 0 2 k'
| |
| PUMPKINSEED 0 1 0 0 c}.
| |
| p.s BLU EGILL 7 1 1 0
| |
| (.C SMALLMOUTH BASS 0 1 0 4 "j! TESSELLATED DARTER 2 3 2 5 WALLEYE 0 1 0 1 TOTAL 24 152 29 ,
| |
| 97
| |
| ^w, b
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| e f
| |
| / ,\, s
| |
| ~
| |
| , y x
| |
| . , . J' Table E-20. Number of fish captured at SSES and Bell Bend seining sites on the Susquehanna River, 6 September 1978.
| |
| STATION SSES .,
| |
| BELL BEND SITE SN-1 SN-2 SN-3 -
| |
| S'N-4 -- t COLLECTION NO. GLB-78-103 GLB-78-101- GLB-78-099 GLBe78-097 '
| |
| TIME 2140-2147 2130-2136 2105-2112 2050-2057 AIR TEMPERATURE (C) 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 WATER TEMPERATURE (C) 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0 TURBIDITY ( NTU ) 12 12 '8.7 12 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) 10.50 11.00 10.65 10.35 PH 7.6 7.8 -
| |
| 8.1 7.8
| |
| _- , e SPECIES GOLDEN SilINER 1 0 1 O SPOTTAIL Sli1NER 3 0 2 1 SWALLOWTAIL SHINER 1 1 0 0 SPOTFIN SHINER 12 3 6 15 BLUNTNOSE MINNOW 7 0 2 7
| |
| ~
| |
| ROCK BASS 0 0 0 l BLUEGILL 0 1 0 5 SMALLMOUTH BASS 0 0 0 3 WHITE CRAPPIE O 1 0 0 TESSELLATED DARTER 0 0 0 1 WALLEYE 1 0 0 0 TOTAL 25 6 11 33 E3': - -:
| |
| "d e- .
| |
| LO C
| |
| | |
| Table E-21. Number of fish captured at SSES and Bell Bend seining sites on the Susquehanna River, 2 October 1978.
| |
| 3TATION SSES BELL BEND SITE SN-1 SN-2 SN-3 SN-4 COLLECTION NO. GLB-78-ll3 GLB-78-ll5 GLB-78-119 GLB-78-ll7 TIME 1950-1956 2000-2005 2015-2020 2007-2012 AIR TEMPERATURE (C) 12.5 12.5 11.5 12.0 WATER TEMPERATURE (C) 15.0 15.5 15.0 15.5 TURBIDITY ( NTU) 8.7 9.4 12 14 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) 11.80 10.50 11.50 10.30 PH 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.5 e
| |
| SPECIES GOLDEN SHINER 1 0 0 0 SPOTTAIL SHINER 0 1 0 3 SPOTFIN SHINER 0 12 6 7 BLUNTNOSE MINNOW l 0 1 5 ROCK BASS 0 0 0 1 SMALLMOUTH BASS 0 0 0 1 WHITE CRAPPIE 0 1 1 0 TESSELLATED DARTER 0 A 0 0 g,
| |
| jd TOTAL 2 15 8 17 w
| |
| | |
| Table E-22. Mean number of fish captured in seining hauls at SSES on the Susquehanna River, April through October 1978.
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| SPECIES APR MAY JtN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN % 'IOTAL GOIDEN SHINER 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.29 0.27 CCMELY SHINER 4.5 44.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 7.36 7.03 SPOITAIL SHINER 19.5 28.0 23.5 6.5 8.0 1.5 0.5 12.50 11.95 SMLIDWIAIL SHINER 7.0 10.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 1. 0 0.0 3.36 3.21 SPOTFIN SHINER 26.0 120.5 195.5 6.5 57.5 7.5 6.0 59.93 57 . 2 7 BLLNrtOSE MINT 0h 4.5 24.5 11.0 2.0 12.0 3.5 0.5 8.29 7.92 IDNCNOSE DAG 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 36 0.34 FALIFISH 2.0 0.0 13 . 5 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.43 2.32 WHITE SJGER 0.0 0.0 44.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.29 6.01 _
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| SiOR" HEAD RED 10RSE 0.0 0.0 1. 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.21 0.20 g 10CK BASS 0.5 0.0 2.5 0.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.79 0.75 PUMPKINSEED 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.07 BLUEEILL 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.5 0.0 0.64 0.61 SMALIFOUTH BASS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.07 WHITE CRAPPIE 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.21 0.20 BLACK CRAPPIE 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.07 TESSELIATED DARTER 0. 0 1. 0 4.0 2.0 2.5 0.0 0.5 1.43 1.37 YELIOW PERG 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.07 WALLEYE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.21 0.20 N
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| FCI'ILED SQLPIN 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.07 TOTAL 64.0 229.0 308.0 19.5 88.0 15 . 5 8.5 104.64 w
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| 2)
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| Table E-23. Mean number of fish captured in seining hauls at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, April through October 1978.
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| SPECIES APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN % TOTAL OIAIN PICKEREL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.20 GOLDEN SHINER 0.0 0.0 2.5 4.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.14 3.12 00iELY SilINER 11.5 17.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.07 11.13 SPOTTAIL SHINER 27.0 14 . 0 2.5 0.0 3.0 1. 5 1.5 7.07 19.34 SWALIDWTAIL SilINER 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.21 0.59 SPOTFIN SifINER 26.5 3.0 2.5 1.0 40.5 10.5 6.5 12.93 35.35 BI.UNINDSE MINION 3.5 11.0 1.0 0.0 9. 5 4.5 3. 0 4.64 12.70 IONGNOSE DAG 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.21 0.59 G 1.0 0.86
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| * FALIFISH 3. 0 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.34 WHITE SUCKER 0.5 0.0 20.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.07 8.40 FOCK BASS 0. 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.43 1.17 BLUEGILL 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 2.5 0.0 0.50 1 .37 SMALIFOUTH BASS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.5 0.5 0.57 1 ,56 WilITE CHAPPIE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.07 0.20 TIGSELIATED DARTER 0. 0 0.0 0.5 0.0 3.5 0.5 0.0 0.64 1.76 WALLEYE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.20 TOTAL 73.5 47.0 31.5 6.5 63.0 22.0 12.5 36.57 C
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| si C
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| t~
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| C Q
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| 196 FLORA AND VECETATION by James D. Montgomery TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT............................................................. 199 INTRODUCTION......................................................... 199 PROCEDURES..................................... ..................... 200 Flora............................................................. 200 Vegetation........................................................ 201 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............................................... 207 F1 ora............................................................. 207 Vegetation........................................................ 208 REFERENCES CITED..................................................... 215 LIST OF TABLES Table F-1. Location of salt drift transects at the Susquehanna SES, 1978..................................................... 217 Table F-2. Species of woody plants observed on the Susquehanna SES site, 1972-74 and 1977-78.............................. 218 Table F-3. Species of herbaceous plants observed on the Susquehanna SES site, 1972-74 and 1977-78.......................... 220
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| .o 1,) / pJ4s(jQ
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| 197 Page Table F-4. Months when plants were observed in flower or shedding spores on woodland salt drift transects at the Susquehanna SES, 1978.......................... 225 Table F-5. Months . . . on abandoned field and open marsh . . .
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| 1978.................................................. 230 Table F-6. Parasitic plant diseases observed on salt drift transects at the Susquehanna SES, 1978................ 234 Table F-7. Vegetation analysis for trees in the Council Cup Forest, 1978.......................................... 236 Table F-8. Vegetation . . . saplings . . . 1978.................. 236 Table F-9. Vegetation . . . tree seedlings . . . 1978............ 237 Table F-10. Vegetation . . . shrubs, herbs, and ground cover . . .
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| , 1978.................................................. 237 Table F-ll. Comparison of trees (number of stems) in the Council Cup Forest, 1977-78................................... 238 Table F-12. Comparison of saplings . . . 1977-78.................. 238 Table F-13. Comparison of shrubs, herbs, and ground cover (% cover)
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| . . . 1977-78......................................... 239 Table F-14. Vegetation analysis for trees in the TR419 Forest, 1978.239 Table F-15. Vegetaticr. . . . saplings . . . 1978................... 240 Table F-16. Vegetation . . . tree seedlings . . . 1978............. 240 Table F-17. Vegetation . . . shrubs, herbs, and ground cover . . .
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| 1978................................................... 241 Table F-18. Comparison of trees (number of stems) in the TR419 forest, 1977-78........................................ 242 Table F-19. Comparison of saplings . . 1977-78................... 242 970201
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| 198 Page Table F-20. Vegetation analysis for trees in the Quarry liillside Forest, 1978........................................... 243 Table F-21. Vegetation . . . saplings . . . 1978................... 243 Table F-22. Vegetation . . . tree seedlings . . . 1978............. 244 Table F-?3. Vegetation . . . shrubs, herbs, and ground cover . . .
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| 1978................................................... 245 Table F-24. Vegetation analysis for tree seedlings, sh rub s , and herbs in the North Field, 1978......................... 246 Table F-25. Vegetation analysis for tree seedlings, shrubs, and herbs in the Switchyard Field, 1978..... ............... 247 Table F-26. Vegetation analysis for tree seedlings, shrubs, herbs, and ground cover in the US 11 Marsh , 19'8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. F-1. Location of vegetation and bird census plots and salt drif t transects (flora survey routes) near the Susquehanna SES , 1978................................... 249 4D n~t0 o ZOO
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| 199 ABSTRACT A total of 622 species of vascular plants was observed on the Susquehanna SES site from 1972 through 1974 and 1977 through 1978. None of the plants are proposed as threatened or endangered. Eleven salt drift transects were utilized in 1978 for observations of phenology and parasitic plant diseases. The greatest number of species flowered in August on forest and field transects, and in July on marsh transects.
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| Twenty-four parasitic plant diseases were observed.
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| Three upland forest plots, two abandoned fields, and one marsh were sampled quantitatively. Data from two forest plots were compared with that collected on the same plots in 1977. Few significant changes were found. The most important species in the abandoned fields were perennial herbs, especially Solidago spp. and grasses. The North Field had a larger number of species present than Switchyard Field due to greater soil moisture.
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| The marsh was dominated by more or less typical marsh species, especially Leevoia oryzoides, Sagittaria latifolia, and Sparganitri ciwycarpum.
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| INTRODUCTION Terrestrial ecological studies were conducted on the Susquehanna SES site f rom 1972 through 1974 (Ichthyological Associates 1973, 1974; Burton 1976) and in 1977 (Montgomery 1978) . The studies begun in January 1977 and continued through 1978, were initiated to gather baseline information on flora and vegetation to compare with information to be collected during the operation of the Susquehanna SES.
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| $/Or303
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| 200 The purpose of the flora and vegetation studies in 1978 was to establish continuing programs that can be used to monitor changes, if any, during the operation of the Susquehanna SES. Systematic information was collected on the phenology of flowering plants and ferns and parasitic plant diseases (ficra), and quantitative information was obtained for sel ced plant communities (vegetation).
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| PROCEDURES Flora Floristic studies were conducted from March through October 1978.
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| As in 1977 (Montgomery 1978) , observations were made on both sides of the Susquehanna River throughout the Susquehanna SES site (Fig. F-1).
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| In addition to general observations, transects for systematic observations were established. These transects were selected for observing possible ef fects of moisture and salt drif t from the Susquehanna SES cooling towers during operation, and are referred to as salt drif t transects. Salt drift transects were located in several plant communities at varying distances and directions from the Susquehanna SES (Table F-1). On each salt drift transect the following data were recorded: all plant taxa in flower (shedding spores for ferns), all parasitic plant diseases observed according to host species, and relative effect of the parasitic disease (i.e. defoliation, major leaf necrosis, minor necrosis, etc.) .
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| 370204
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| 201 Each transect was surveyed once a month, usually in the latter half of the month, March through October. Identifications of vascular plants were made sing Fernald (1950), Gleason and Cronquist (1963), Peterson and McKenny (1968); Wherry (1961) for f erns; and Hitchcock (1950) for grasses.
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| Nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1963) , except for ferns and fern allies, for which Wherry (1961) is used. Parasitic plant diseases were identified using U.S. Department of Agriculture (1960), Hepting (1971),
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| Westcott (1971), and Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (1975). Because of the confusion of some common names of plants, scientific names are used in the text and in all tables. Common names are given in Tables F-2 and F-3. Species not previously observed on the site were collected and added to the reference herbarium.
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| Uctilago maydis (corn smut) was observed in the cornfield north of the biological laboratory in August. A survey of the incidence of the disease was made by counting the number of plants on which the disease occurred in two randomly selected rows in the cornfield. The survey was made on 29 August.
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| Vegetation Quant 'tive vegetation studies were conducted in three upland forests:
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| Council Cup Forest (CC), Township Road 419 Forest (TR419), and quarry Hillside Forest (QH); two abandoned fields: North Field (NF) and Switchyard Field (SwF); and an open marsh: US 11 Marsh (USllM) (Fig. F-1).
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| 370205
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| 202 The three forest plots were sampled in July. The CC Forest was located east of the Council Cup Overlook, in Conyngham and Hollenback Townships, Luzerne County, 3 km southeast of the Susquehanna SES. The study plot was nearly level to a gently east-facing slope, at an elevation of approximately 335 m. The TR419 Forest was located on a steep south-facing hillside above a dirt road (Townsh.p Road 419), just north of the Susquehanna SES fence, in Salem Township, Luzerne County. Elevation ranged from 200 to 250 m.
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| The QH Forest was located on a steep south-f acing hillside east of an abandoned quarry above Route PA 239, in Conyngham Township, Luzerne County.
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| Elevation ranged from 225 to 250 m.
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| The CC Forest and TR419 Forest were sampled in 1977, the QH Forest was sampled for the first time in 1978.
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| The forest areas were surveyed into transects parallel with the long direction of the plot. Points were located along these transects at distances depending on the size of the plot to be covered: 50-m intervals in CC, 75-m intervals in TR419, and 30-m intervals in QH. At each point a 10 x 10-m quadrat was permanently marked for sampling trees and saplings (Cain and Castro 1959), There were 20 quadrats in CC, 24 quadrats in TR419, and 15 quadrats in QH. Trees were defined as 10-cm diameter breast height (dbh) or greater, saplings as 1.0-9.5-cm dbh, and seedlings less than 1.0-cm dbh. All trees and saplings in the 10 x 10-m quadrat were identified, counted, and the dbh measured to the nearest cm with a diameter tape.
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| Two 1 x 1-m quadrats were established in diagonally opposite corners of the 10 x 10-m quadrat for sampling tree seedlings, shrubs , herbs, and 37020G
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| 203 ground cover (litter, moss, rock, and bare soil were defined as ground cover). Plants were identified and an estimate was made of the percent cover in the quadrat for each species, but stems were counted only for tree seedlings. Stems of shrubs and herbs were not counted because many species are colonial, and stem number was judged not to be useful. The following were calculated for trees, saplings, and tree seedlings:
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| er qua as nw ch a species occurs Frequency = n total number of plots frequency f a species Relative Frequency = total frequency of all species X 100 nu ber of stems of a species Density =
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| hectare d nsity of a species Relative Density = total density of all species X 100 asa ar a a species
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| , where Dominance (trees and saplings) =
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| hectare 2
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| basal area = Tr 2 ( dbh Dominance (tree seedlings) = carea ver sampled value f ainspecies m2 dominance for a species Relative Dominance = total dominance for all species X 100 Importance Value = relative f requency + relative density + relative dominance (maximum value = 300; 970207
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| 204 The following were calculated from the quadrat data for shrubs, herbs, and ground cover (calculated separately for each):
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| Frequency and Relative Frequency = same as above a ver va ue r a species Dominance =
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| area sampled in m' d minance f r species Relat.ve Dominance = X 100 total dominance for all species importance Value = relative frequency + relative dominance Comparisons of 1978 data with that collected in 1977 were made using an analysis of variance with repeated measures design (Sokal and Rohlf 1969). Quadrat by quadrat tests were made using number of stems per quadrat for each tree and sapling species, and percent cover per quadrat for shurbs, herbs, and ground cover. Tree seedlings were not counted in 1977 and 1 x 1-m quadrats were not sampled in TR419 in 1977; therefore, comparisons were not made for these data. Log (X+1) trans-formations for stem numbers and arcsine transformations for percent cover values were made as recommended by Sokal and Rohlf (1969) and Goodall (1970).
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| Two abandoned fields, NF and SwF, were sampled in September and October 1978 (Fig. F-1). NF was located at the north end of a cornfield on the west side of the Susquehanna River, 2 km northeast of the Susquehanna SES, in Salem Township, Luzerne County. Elevation is 153 m. The western edge of the field was wet in spring, but dried by midsummer. This wet part of S70208
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| 205 the field was not included in the sampling area; the remainder of the field was dry except during periods of extremt river flooding.
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| SwF was located adjacent to the Luzerne Eiectric Division, UCI s ub s ta tion, above PA Route 239, 2.8 km east o he Susquehanna SES in Conyngham Township, Luzerne County. Elevation was approximately 210 m.
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| The field sloped gently northward and was entirely dry.
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| The line intercept method was used for sampling (Cain and Castro 1959, Smith 1966). A baseline was established near the parallel to one edge of the field and marked into 10-m intervals. Lines were run perpen-dicular to the baseline at these in t e rvals . Beginning at the baseline, these lines were divided into 10-m transects with permanent numbered stakes. The number of transects per line depended on the width of the field; 3 in NF, 5 in SwF. Fifty-one transects were established in NF.
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| Fifty-five transects were established in SwF, but five were disturbed during construction and not sampled. The first 5 m of each transect was sampled by stretching a metric cape between the stakes marking the ends of the transect. The length of cover to the nearest cm for each taxon along the tape was r~e co rded. Tree seedlings, shrubs, and herbs were sampled together, but the data were treated separately for each. Species area curves were drawn af ter sampling as a check on the adequacy of the area sampled (Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg 1974) . The following were calculated for all taxa:
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| number of transects on which a species occurs requency =
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| total number of transects W50ERIQ
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| 206 requ ncy a species Relative Frequency = total f requency of all species X 100 Percent Coverage = c v rage f a species on all transects total length of transects Percent coverage of a species Relative Coverage = X 100 total percent coverage of all species Importance Value = relative frequency + relative coverage The US 11 Marsh was sampled in August. It is located east of US 11 and the railroad, and immediately north of Lake Took-a-while (Fig. F-1),
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| 1.2 km east of the Susquehanna SES, in Salem Township, Luzerne County.
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| Part of the marsh contains standing water at all times; in spring or af ter prolonged rains much of the area is wet. The aspect is of herbaceous plants with a few clumps of shrubs in the marsh and shrubs bordering the open marsh.
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| Two parallel transect lineswre run the length of the marsh. Points were located at 50-m intervals along these transects, and a m quadrat was located at each point. There was a total of 31 quadrats. In each quadrat all taxa were identified, percent cover for each was estimated, and the average height for each was measured to the nearest cm. Ground cover was estimated as in forest plots.
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| Calculation of f requency, relative f requency, dominance, relative dominance, and importance value was done as described for forest quadrat data.
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| 9 SVGTd10
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| 207 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Flora A total of 622 species of vascular plants was observed on the Susquehanna SES site from 1972 through 1974 and 1977 through 1978. This total includes 122 woody plants (Table F-2) and 500 herbaceous plants (Table F-3) . The herbaceous plants include 37 ferns and fern-allies and 463 flowering plants. Fif ty-three species were observed for the first time on the site in 1978. None of the plants observed on the site has been proposed as threatened or endangered by the U. S. Department of the Interior (1975, 1976). No plants are presently listed for Pennsylvania (U.S. Department of the Interior 1979).
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| There was a total of 418 plants observed on the salt drif t transects; 345 on forest transects (Table F-4), 175 in field transects and 112 in marsh transects (Table F-5) . Of the forest transects, QSH (abbreviations are given in Table F-1) had the greatest number of species (196), followed by TR438 (158), TR419 (132), CC (108), RF (91), and GIF (88) . The greatest number of species flowered in August (132), followed by July (115), and May (103) . Most transects had more species in flower in July and August except CC, where more species flowered in May and June. Of the abandoned field transects, TCF had the greatest number of species (99), followed by NF (93), and SwF (81) . The greatest number of species flowered in August
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| ( 73) , followed by July (57), and September (52) . On most field transects the number of species in flower increased through the spring to late summer; there was no spring flowering peak in May comparable to that on forest transects. On the marsh transects, 81 species were observed on k2OM.1
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| 208 US11M and 73 on SM. The greatest number of species flowered in July (30),
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| August (29), and September (25) on US11M; and in August (28), September (20), and June (19) on SM. No species flowered on any transect except QSH in March, and none flowered in either marsh in April. With these exceptions, species were observed on all transects in each month, April through October.
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| A total of 24 parasitic plant diseases was observed on 46 host species (Table F-6) . The powdery mildew, Erysiphe cichoracearum, infected 18 species and the rust, Coleosporium solidaginis, infected 7 species.
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| Twenty-one diseases were observed on QSH, 15 on TR438, and 15 on CC; diseases were observed on all transects. The occurrence of diseases was related to the presence of host species rather than to any observed environmental factors. In the spring, leaf spots were the most prominent, especially on Acer rubrun. In the late summer and fall, rusts, especially of Solidago spp. , and powdery mildews were most abundant.
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| The incidence of corn smut in the cornfield north of the biological laboratory was found to be 2.1%. Of the 2,912 plants examined in two rows, 60 were infected. Plants with corn smut tended to be clumped together in the rows.
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| Vegetation Betula lenta was the most important (highest importance value) tree in the CC Forest (Table F-7) . Quercus velutina, Pinus strobus, O'tercus prinus, Q. alba, and Pinus virginiana were associates. Total density was 620 trees /ha. Betula lenha and Acer rubrum were the most important saplings, ru o<
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| w y4 $6a.t_A rs
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| 209 with Quercus velutina, Q. borealis, and Q. prinus as important associates (Table F-8). Total density was 2,345 saplings /ha. The most important seedlings were Acer rubrum and Prunus serotina, with three species of Quercus of secondary importance (Table F-9) . Total density was 25,750 saplings /ha.
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| Vaccinium pacillans was the most important and only frequent shrub, with smaller amounts of seven other species (Table F-10). Lycopodiwn f7abellifbrme was the most important herb , with 15 other species encountered (Table F-10) .
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| Litter was the predominant ground cover.
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| The same trees were the most important in 1978 as in 1977 (Montgomery 1978). Associates were the same with the addition of Betula populifblia.
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| The only significant change in the tree layer was an increase in Quercus velutina from 1977 to 1978 (Table F-11). The same sapling species were important in 1977 and in 1978. Significant changes in the saplings were decreases in Acer rubiser, Betula populifblia, and Carya glabra; and an increase in Carya tomentosa (Table F-12) . CaFda glabra and C. tomentosa were not distinguished in the 1977 survey and both were reported as C.
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| tomentosa. The decrease in Betula populifblia as a sapling was caused by death of some saplings, and by increase in diameter to tree size of one sapling. Vaccinium pacillans and Rhus radicans increased significantly in cover from 1977 to 1978 (Table F-13) . Lycopodium f7abellifbrme also increased significantly in cover. There were no other significant changes in shrubs or herbs, and no changes in ground cover (Table F-13) .
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| In the TR419 Forest, Quercus velutina was the most important tree, with Pinus virginiana second in importance (Table F-14). Eighteen species were encountered. Total density was 617 trees /ha. Cornus f70rida was the d Of s1
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| 210 most important sapling, uith Quercus vclutina, Acer rubrum, and Carya 6mnentosa as associates (Table F-15). Sixteen species were encountered.
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| Total density was 1,208 saplings /ha. Cornus florida was the most important seedling, with Frarinus ancricana nearly as important (Table F- 16) . Prunus serotina and Accr rubrum were important associates.
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| Fourteen species were encountered. Total density was 88,541 seedlings /ha.
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| Vines, including Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Vitis aestivalus, and Rhus nadicans were important in the shrub layer (Table F-17) . Rubus allegheniensis, Vaccinium vacillans, and V. stanincum were also important. Eleven species were encountered. Dennstaedtia punctilobula was the most important herb (Table F-17) . This species had high density in only three quadrats.
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| Caver suannis and Solidago caesia were the mos t frequent herbs. More than half of the 48 herbs encountered occurred in only one or two quadrats, indicating the small numbers of herbs present in the forest. Litter was the predominant ground cover.
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| The same tree species were most important in 1977 as in 1978, and there were no significant changes in trees (Table F-18). Tree density increased from 576 trees /ha (Montgomery 1978) to 617 trees /ha in 1978. The same sapling species were most important in 1977 as in 1978, and there were no significant changes in saplings (Table F-19). Sapling density also increased,from 1,183 to 1,208 saplings /ha. Tree seedlings, shrubs, herbs, and ground cover were not sampled in 1977.
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| The QH Forest was sampled for the first time in 1978. Qucrcus velutina was the most important trec , with Frarinus americana, Qucreus prinus, Acer rubrum, and Quercus borealis as important associates (Table F-20). Seventeen S/0214
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| 211 species were encountered. Total density was 653 trees /ha. Cornus florida was the most important sapling, with Acer rubrum, Fradnus ancricana, and Quercus borealis as associates (Table F-21) . Seventeen species were encountered. Total density was 1,667 saplings /ha. Fraxinus americana was the most important seedling, with Cornus florida and Acer rubrum as associates (Table F-22) . Seventeen species were encountered. Quercus velutina and Q. prinus were less important as saplings and seedlings than as trees. Fradnus a~ericana, Acer rubrum, and Quercus borealis were about equally important in all three size classes, and should become more important as trees as the forest matures. Cornus florida, important as a sapling and seedling, is an understory tree that seldom reaches canopy size (Braun 1950). Parthenocissus quinquefolia was the most important shrub; other species were much less important (Table F-23) .
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| Aster divaricatus was the most important herb. Deschampsia flexuosa and Dryopteris marginalis were also important. Thirty-six taxa were encountered. Litter was the most important ground cover.
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| The QH Forest was similar to CC and TR419 in the importance of oaks, especially Quercus velutina. Pinus virginiana was less important in the QH Forest, and Pinus strobus occurred only as a seedling. Fraxinus americana was more important in the QH Forest. Ten species of trees were common to QH and CC, and ten species were corcmon to QH and TR419 (not the same ten, however) . Vines were important in QH and in TR419. Herbs were infrequent in QH, as in CC and TR419. Of the five most important herb species in QH, two were found in CC, but were not among the most important l0Sjj]
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| 212 species. A total of four species (11.1%) found in Qll were found in CC.
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| Of the five most important herb species in QH, three were found in TR419, and two (Carex cuannii and Solidago caesia) were among the five most important species. Nineteen species (52.8%) found in Qll were found in TR419. Thus, Qll more closely resembles TR419 floristically; they are also on similar slope and exposure.
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| In NF, 97 taxa were encountered, of which 83 were herbs, 6 were tree seedlings, and 8 were shrubs or woody vines (Table F-24). /Mzlenbergia frondosa, Solidago canadensis, S. graminifolia, Agrostis sp. , and Aster ericoides were the mos t important herbaceous species. Seven additional species, including two species of Solidago, occurred with frequency greater than 50%. Although most species were typical of abandoned fields in the area, the diversity (number of species per unit area) is high. Zhis is accounted for by the addition of elements from the river forest (e.g. Lysimachia ciliata, Boehmeria cylinidrica, Leersia virginica, Impatiens biflora, etc.) and from wet open habitat (e.g.
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| Epilobium coloratum, Verbena hastata, Lycopus americanus, Eupatorium perfc:iatum, etc.). seedlings of six tree species were encountered (Table F-24); all were found as mature trees in the nearby river forest.
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| Eight shrubs were found with Rubus allegheniensis the most important.
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| The high dominance of Rubus allagheniensis (sevt.ath among all species in the field) was due to the occurrence of large clumps of this plant in certain areas of the field.
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| 37021G
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| 213 In SwF, 74 taxa were encountered, of which 57 were herbs, 8 were tree seedlings, and 9 were shrubs (Table F-25) . The most important herb taxa were Solidago rugosa, S. canadensis, grasses, Potentilla simplex, and Rumex acetosella. Nearby all of the herbaceous taxa were typical old field perennials or bienutals. Seedlings of eight tree species were found.
| |
| Most of these were typical of upland forests; all except Acer saccharinum and Ulmus ancricana were found in TR419. Eight shrub species were encountered, with Cbrnus racemosa the most important. The shrub species were also typical of old fields in the Susquehanna SES area.
| |
| Of the 97 taxa from NF, 41 were found in SwF (42.0%), including 34 herbaceous taxa (41.0% of the herbs) . Of the 74 taxa from SwF, 55%
| |
| were found in NF. The larger number of species in NF is due to greater soil moisture which allows marsh and river forest species to grow in this field.
| |
| Both fields were dominated by typical old field species, especially Solidago spp.; Sdlidago spp, accounted for a total cover of 42.7% in NF and 72.2% in SwF. Tree seedlings were frequent and had greater cover in SwF t.han NF. Shrubs were more f requent in SwF, but had greater total percent cover in NF. Total percent cover by trees and shrubs is low (less than 15.0%) in both fields.
| |
| In the US 11 Marsh, Leersia oryzoides, Sagittaria latifolia, Sparganium eurycarpum, and Solidago gigantea vere the most important species (Table F-26) . Fifty-seven taxa were encountered, including one tree seedling and three shrubs. Analysis of height measurements (Table 3/OM.7
| |
| | |
| 214 F-26) indicated that there were at least three indistinct layers of vegetation in the marsh. The four species given above, plus Juncus effusus, Carex scoparia, Scirpus cyperinus, and Phalaris arundinacea were important herbs more than 50 cm tall. Most of the plants in this layer were grass-like, with elongate narrow leaves (Sagittaria latifolia was an exception) . Below this layer were shorter herbs, many of which have broader leaves; the most important species in this layer were Eleocharis tenuis, Galiwn trifidum, Onoclea sensibilis, Polygonwn sagittatum, and Boehmcria cylindrica. Close to the ground (or water) was another layer of herbs, including Lemna minor, Pilea pumila, Eleocharis acicularis, and Selaginella apoda. Seedlings of other taxa, especially Leersia cryzoides, occurred in this layer also. None of the layers was distinct, but all quadrats except those in open water contained several layers of vegetation. Shrubs and tree seedlings were encountered infrequently (Table F-26). Ground cover was mostly litter (actually peat), with water second in importance. Observations indicated that the relative amount of water and exposed peat varied with the seasons. The time of sampling, in August, was a period of low water.
| |
| 370218
| |
| | |
| 215 REFERENCES CITED Braun, E. L. 1950. Deciduous forests of eastern North America.
| |
| Blakiston Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 596 pp.
| |
| Burton, J. R. 1976. Terrestrial ecology. Pages 280-314 in T. V.
| |
| Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station.
| |
| Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
| |
| Cain, S. A. and G. M. O. Castro. 1959. Manual of vegetation analysis.
| |
| Harper and Brothers, New York, N.Y. 325 pp.
| |
| Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's new manual of botany. 8th ed. American Book Co., New York, N.Y. 1632 pp.
| |
| Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, N.Y. 810 pp, Goodall, D. W. 1970. Statistical plant ecology. Annu. Rev. Ecol.
| |
| Syst. 1: 99-124.
| |
| Hepting, G. H. 1971. Diseases of forest and shade trees of the United States. U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Handb. No. 386. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 658 pp.
| |
| Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States.
| |
| 2nd ed. Revised by A. Chase. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1051 pp.
| |
| Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972) . Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 658 pp.
| |
| . 1974. An ecological , study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1973) . Pa. Power and Light Co.,
| |
| Allentown, Pa. 838 pp.
| |
| 370219
| |
| | |
| 216 Montgomery, J. D. 1978. Flora and vegetation. Pages 279-310 in T.
| |
| Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1977) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
| |
| Mueller-Dombols, D. and H. Ellenberg. 1974. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. 547 pp.
| |
| Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, 1975. Forest insect and disease management manual. Bureau of Forestry, Harrisburg, Pa.
| |
| 184 pp.
| |
| Peterson. R. T. and M. McKenny. 1968. A field guide to wildflowers of northeastern and north-central North America. Houghton Mifflin Co.,
| |
| Boston, Mass. 420 pp.
| |
| Smith, R. L. 1966. Ecology and field biology. Harper and Row, New York, N.Y. 686 pp.
| |
| Sokal, R. R. and F J. Rohlf. 1969. Biometry. W. H. Freeman and Co.,
| |
| San Francisco, Calif. 776 pp.
| |
| U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1960. Index of plant diseases in the United States. Agric. Handb. No. 165. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
| |
| U.S. Department of the Interior. 1975. Threatened or endangered fauna of flora: review of status of over 3,000 vascular plants and determination of critical habitat. Federal Register 40(127):
| |
| 27824-27924.
| |
| . 1976. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: proposed endangered status for some 1,700 United States vascular plant taxa.
| |
| Federal Register 41(117): 24524-24572.
| |
| . 1979. List of endangered and threatened wildlife and plants.
| |
| Federal Register 44: 3636-3654.
| |
| Westcott, C. 1971. Plant disease handbook. 2nd ed. D. Van Nostrand Co.,
| |
| New York, N.Y. 825 pp.
| |
| Wh e r ry , E . T . 1961. The fern guide. Doubleday and Co., Inc., Carden City, N.Y. 318 pp.
| |
| 970220
| |
| | |
| 217 Table F-1. l.ocation of salt drif t transects at t he Susluehanna SES , 1978.
| |
| Trans e c t Di rec t ion f r om Di s t ance ( k m) f roe H ab i t a t Tv pe Traeser t Loc a t i on of Transet t Susquehanna SES Susquehanna SFS Le n g t h (km)
| |
| ( Abb r ev i a t ion)
| |
| River Forest E-NE 1. 5- 2. 0 River-bot t on 1.2 AJ ] at en t t o the S',asquehanna Rive r. north ha rdwood f ores t frao Sumiuehanna Sts Bioloalcal Lah. ratory (RF) to a uthe rn t ip i.f s ould Island could !aland Ferest NE 2.22.7 R i ve r-bet t e.e 1. 0 Nrked trail altmg western shore of Gould (LIF) hardwocj forest Is land TR 419 M 0. b l . . L'p land hardwnod- 1.% Al tmp Toww ! p Road to lv, f rom IT 11 to p i ne feres t TR 4 18
| |
| ( TR 619)
| |
| TR 438 W- SW 0.41.9 L p land f o re s t , 2. 3 Along " .ntnnb l a Road ilA, f re o T R 419 to
| |
| ' T8 6 38) epen field, marsh the ent rance to abandoned rate t r ac k Quar ry-Spring House Trail ENE 2. 2- 3. 2 L'pland hardwood- 2.3 Trail f ree PA 219 ( q ua r ry trail) t o t he (QSH) p i ne f ereal transalesion line along ridge top to the t r ansmission line d.nen the slope of Lit t le Wapwallopen Vallev to a trail past an abandoned spring house, ending on PA 2 39 Couni ll Cup ESE 2.8- 3. 3 l'pland hardwood- 1.4 Council Cup Nature Trail and Overlook (CC) p i ne f orest Mr.rth Tield NL 1. 8- 2 . 0 Ab ende ne d fic1J 0.a Field north of s unquAanna SF9 B l .,1.y t t a l (NF) 1.ab er a t o rv Switchward Field E i.1- 3.0 Ab4ndoned field 0.3 Field north of t he switching station east (SwF) of PA 239 Transsission corridvr Field 5 ?.0-2.3 Abandened field 0. 4 Field in the t r ansei s s ion corridor south
| |
| ( TC F) of Susqtwhanna SES South Nruh SE I.bl.7 Open marsh 0.1 Nrsh south of the Susquehanna SES i nt ake (SM)
| |
| L'S 11 Nrsh E 1. % 1.1 Open marsS 0.) N rah alimg t's 11, wen t cf %n q ueh an n a
| |
| ( L:S i lM) sM E t c legical Lt.boraterv D c' 0
| |
| J cd E t
| |
| p 'o g' i n cc v ,;w. + ..es .
| |
| .J J J- d
| |
| | |
| 218 Table F-2. Species of woody plants observed on the Susquehanna SES site. 1972-74, and 1977-78.
| |
| Taxa are arranged alphabetically within phyla. An asterisk indicates taxa observed for the first time in 1978.
| |
| PINOPHYTA F r! c ace ae Cupressaceae 7:pluscacia basatsz - black huckleberry suniperua virginiana - red cedar Kalmia anjutifolia - sheep laurel Thuja occi&ntalis - arbor vitae K. lat folia - mountain laurel He win fren marie:c - rhododendron Pinaceae ~ nudi'lcrm - pinxter-flowe r Picea jlauar - white spruce Paasinium aces -Eaur" - high-bush blueberry T. riens - red spruce F. s ! 2rinc:c" - dee rbe rry Pinua rigida - pitch pine V. vac Zlana - low-bush blueberry P. s trcl ua - white pine P. sylocatria - scotch pine Tagaceae
| |
| ?. virJi nfana - Virginia pine Caetava in t.7ta - Ame rican chestnut Tsuya canalensis - eastern hemlock F;jua grn:ai'alia - American beech (uc v ?:0 a?Fa - white oak C. bia> lor - swamp white oak
| |
| * MAGNOLIOPHYTA-DICOTYLEDONEAE Q larvalis - red oak Aceraceae G. palustris - pin oak Acer nign:r - black maple 2. prinua - chestnut oak A. f:encylvanic:n - striped maple q. velutina - black oak A. platanoi&s - Norway maple A. rubr:c - red maple Hamamelidaceae A. sacA rinum - silver r.aple //. w ella virginia +a - witch hazel A. sacch Ir:n - sugar maple A. spleu t:n - mountain maple Juglandaceae Car;a corliforwia - bitternut hickory Anacardiaceae C. plabru - pignut hickory
| |
| /:hus glabm - smooth sumax C. omia - shagbark hickory R. mdics:s - poisan ivy C. !;wn tes 1 - mockernut hickory R. tghina - stagnorn sumac saylana ci m su - Futternut R. verMir - poiron sumac .' nijra - black walnut Aquifoliaceae* Lauraceae Ilcr verticellata - winterberry* Linkm benacin - spicebush S2ssafr:s albidn - sassaf ras Be rbe ridaceae Berlerfs th:mbergii - Japanese barberry Leguminosae Cleditsia triaan:thcs - honey locust Betulaceae clir fa rec <!:'an 'il - black locust Alnus ruyoal - speckled alder Fc t ula len ta - swee t birch Magnoliaceae B. lutea - yellow birch firic&ndrcn tulipi[cm - tulip-tree
| |
| : 5. n J f N - river birch B papyrifem - paper birch Moraceae S. pcpulifolia - gray birch E rw rJ ra - red mulberry Carpinu carolinia+u - American hornbeam Conf us amricana - hazel-nut Myricaceae Cs tra virginiana - hop-hornbeam !}rica acp?cnifolia - sweet fern Bignoniaceae Oleaceae Catalpa bignonici&s - catalpa Foreythia sp. - forsythia Fraxinus amerinna - white ash Capri f oliace ae F. pennsylvanica - red ash Dicruilla lenieem - bush-honeysuckle 1.ig:atr.r vulgare - common privet Sariusua canalensis - common elder Qrin;1 tn!jaris - lilac
| |
| * S. f ulcna - red-be rried elder
| |
| * Viburn:n acarif0li:n - maple-leaf viburnum Platanaceae V. &nta tum - arrowwood Flatanus onide=:talis - sycamore Celastraceae Rhamnaceae Cclastrus exndens - bittersweet Cer:cthua americanus - New Jersey tea Co rnaceae Rosaceae Cornus alternifolia - alternate-leaf dogwood A elanchicr arborca - shad-bush C. amem:n - silky dogwood Arenia mlanocarpa - chokecherry C. florida - flowering dogwood Cmtaeyus f ruinosa - hawthorne C. v2cemosa - gray dogwood Cmtaegus sp. - hawthorne C. rsysa - round-leaf dogwood Physocar;*us crul#fallus - ninebark Rjesa sylvatica - black gum Frunus avium - sweet cherry P. pensylvanica - pin cherry Elaeagnaceae* P. serotina - black cherry Elaeagnus corrutata - silverberry
| |
| * P. ocrginiana - ch e, f g O4 f tsf.6
| |
| * s 219 l
| |
| Table F-2 (cont.) -
| |
| Rosaceae (cont.)
| |
| Ihrw camr:ia - pear P. mzlua - apple Ibrs7 sp. - crabapple Acs:2 %2tiflanz - multiflors rose F. palus t ria - swamp rose R. virginiana - wild rose Pulta allcyhenicneis - blackberry R. f7a,te ? l2rd s - dewberry R. co ident 2Zie - black raspberry Qiruca 4 7tif;lia - meadow-sweet 7 tmentes2 - steeplebush Rubiaceae Cey h 2 fan thua cnid + nt:2lia - but tonbush Rutaceae "znthor sitc: a.mc rie.mirt - prickly ash Salicaceae Populua grandidentata - big-toothed aspen P. tre m loi3>d - quaking aspen Salix h: cilia - prairie willow
| |
| * S. nigiu - black willow S. sericea - silky willow
| |
| * 7alix sp. - willow Saxifragaceae liydrangea artorva ens - hydrangea Alles rcrium - wild black currant
| |
| * Staphyleaceae
| |
| ' '; /g la t r'f u lla - b ladder-nut Tiliaceae Tilia asvian:a - basswood Ulmaceae Celtia v.''. 'entalia - hackberry Uln a rcricana - American elm U. r:J,nz - slippe ry elm Vitaceae Part, cm'iacas quir:qwefolia - Virginia creeper Vitia 2ca timlis - summer grape V. lat rusca - fox grape V. riparia - riverbank grape
| |
| * MAGNOLIOPHYTA-MONOCOTYLEDONEAE Liliaceae Sm*lar vo t:0:Jifolia - greenbrier s
| |
| N 4
| |
| ow ,
| |
| v #;s' 9 o nU ns,43
| |
| | |
| 220 Table F-3. Species of herbaceous plants observed ;a the Susquehanna SES site, 1972-74. and 1977-78.
| |
| Taxa are arranged alphabetically withia phyla. An asterisk indicates taxa observed for the first time in 1978.
| |
| EQUISETOPHYTA Asteraceae Equisetaceae A ,hillc 4 millefo Oc- - yarrow Equisetz arwnee - field horsetail M r ofa arte-isilf'lla - ragweed A. t Mli L1 - giant ragveed
| |
| / uf al h ia mry 2r# f 2 v 2 - pearly everlasting LYCOPODIOPHYTA A t t e t*:2M 2 ncyle *ta - pussytoes Isoe taceae A. plan 'ayini.* 0lia - pussy toes Isoc tes enJelmnni - Engelmann's quillwort A>:thc-is co ra:a - mayweed Ar-'* t:e mir:ua - burdoc k Lycopodiaceae As ter . *:cina
| |
| * aa - who rle d wood a s te r lyn olium clara tic - staghorn -lubmoss A. c?rlifalina - heart-leaved as te r I.. fl.d ellifwm - ground pine A . d
| |
| * N eica !as - wh i t e wood as t e r L. ir:ani2 t:c - bog clubmoss A. Ic m a - aster L. laJidalan - shining clubmosa n. crie >id(s - heath as te r L . c ! s *.4 r-c - t re e c lubmo s s A. laterll"craa - calico aster L. triata>hy:c - ground cedar *
| |
| *:cm-acy liae - New England aster A. r:!cca - late purple aster Selaginellaceae A. ; :tma - aster fclcJ r.ella i a; udi - meadow spike-moss A. ; eti cas - purple-stemmed as ter A. f ;l-r - aster A . :cd e l la t w* - flat-topped white aster
| |
| * POLYPCDIOPHYTA A. m:!a? :!an - aster ophioglossaceae F i k n a ce r*.:4a - beggar-ticks hatry ?hi:n dissecta9 - grape fern F. fiwndx 2 - Seggar-ticks S. Zance:T it:c - lanceolate grape fern F. t;if artita - beggar-ticks S. mtMeaMael0! tam - daisy-leaf grape fern Jac Zia caaxolena - Indian-plantain F. Ofr*Ji nian:e - ratticsnake fern O :taare r au ?alcea - spot ted knapweed Q:r ean thc"zr: icu =a*:thr:r - cx-eye daisy Osmundaceae Ci4crite it!dus - chicory Cs-:.n Iz ainm&ca - cinnamon fern *irJite ar-?cnac - Canada thistle R c % t :w: f:Ma - interrupted fern t'u O mr - buil thistle W:2 m !. ns i - horseweed "oh,podfaceae Erm + tca hirra ?!la - fireweed A Km!um g elatw - maidenhair fern Friscecn v:>:aa - daisy fleabant.
| |
| Ac; leni c7 ; 1 tyn ' n - ebony spleenwort En .
| |
| * cMr l t u ?a:e - Joe-Pye-weed
| |
| * A
| |
| * h s +fict C ir-fe-0.a - lady fern F. m n4 J .*:e - spo t ted Joe-Pye-weed A. to 'j; terioidn - s ilvery spleenwor t F. fcrfoliatum - boneset C%sts;teris fezJilia - fragile fern F. ra p r - white snakeroot C. p re. -aa - lowland fragile fern ; :fr.e gz Mifu!2- galinsega iennstacatia ; un **ilclula - hay-scented f ern -> f : :lir ch :.e i *
| |
| 'ium - cudweed Pry;teris crista *a - crested wood fern Helet iz.c aut:c :2?c - sneezeweed l'. intermiis - evergreen wood fern & ' f antha ' !' W e t 2?za - thin-leaf sunflewer*
| |
| J maryinalis - marginal wood f ern H. "p2ri ? z tac - woodland sunflower T. spina!ce 2 - spinulose wood fern H. !:dvr n J - Jerusalem artichoke
| |
| !?y pteriJ X bcottii - Boott's wood fern *fe 'fa , * *! hails - ex-eye Orp-pteris X trip ?cidea - hybrid wood fern Hier e e aar mtia?r - king-devil
| |
| * M. mar; i:c dryr teria - oak f ern* H. * > m tam - hawkweed fiz*!eu?>ia stra!hiJp teris - ostrich fern H. *catet? - hawkweed Wac*n sensibilis - sensitive fern H. emcc r - rattlesnake-weed Ia. N !ir vin:infacc - common polypody F r! ' frJ inf N - dwarf dandelion F 'usticht a:rcatishaidea - Christmas fern La rt :.
| |
| * z ema lo:c io - wil d le t tuce Pteridi:r aquilin:r - bracken Vnv. . mis mtr%mif!:a - pineapple-weed Frc v!;:cs a?!a - tall white lettuce The M !vria recebori?creia - New York fern 7 ;clustrie - marst fern Fu9.;* fa hirta - black-eyed susan Fxc ai 2 oh taaa - blunt-l > bed woodsia ' 1 ?iniata - coneflower
| |
| _ ^c* > fo aure:4s - golden ragwart s S. d mira - roundlea f ragwort MAGNOLIOIHYTA-DICOTYLEDONEAE Slidag orgat2 - sharp-leaved goldenrod Aizoasuse i s -~ L r - silverrod Mclhgo cert willata - carpe t-waed , e csf2 - b lue-s temmed goldenrod
| |
| : 7. *ms nsin - Canada goldenrod Apocynaceae S f!vrf. ::4fic - zigzag goldenrod Apocy::e androsae-ifoli:c - dogbane qmte z - late goldenrod A. cannabine - Indian hemp 7 mminifel t - flat-topped goldenrod 3
| |
| Finaa r-iw - periwinkle S. .fe:u a - early goldenrod S. nemralic - little grav goldenrod Araliaceae L. ruy ca - rough goldenrod Ara W QJicaulis - wild sarsaparilla Trur; -c- of,#iminale - dandelion Panar trifoliam - dwarf ginseng n g y rn aartas - goat's beard
| |
| * Thesilhja farfain - coltsfoot As e'.epladaceae Ver-mnia r:oreborecndic - ironweed Asclspias ar:plexicaulis - blunt-leaved milkweed Xanthium str:enrire - cocklebut A. incurnata - swamp milkweed A. quadrifalia - four-leaved milkveed p ,,..f m ,3 g A. syriaca - common milkweed . ', t VG,W A. tuberosa - butterfly-weed
| |
| | |
| Tab b F- 3 (cc,nt . ) 221 Balsaminaceae Cucurbitaceae Irpatiend biflo m - jewelweed Jirpa cnJL? '*as - bur-cucumber I. pallida - pale jewelweed Ericaceae Berberidaceae u q H M i7mT2f - spotted wintergreen M yhyI!un pelface - may apple FM 2e J . rg en ' - traili ng arbutt's
| |
| ;itherk pr: Mus - winte i teen Loraginaceae Tyr i 2 - 6 tie 7 - shinleaf li2 n ll virytniant - beggar's it.e Nert m ia vir n ira - Virginia bluebells Euphorbiaceae t - ,; h z viryinica - three-seedN mercury Callitrichaceae ". t " ' m m!2t' - spurge
| |
| * Calli + riche he ter: g hylla - water starvart E. rra ' . ~ spurge Campanulaceae Fumariaceae Cqar.a b cpr-ind!ca - marsh bellflower* Ofccntra casa?! aria - Dutchman's breeches Tri2i2nia f erb:i2ta - Venus ' locking-glass Gentianaceae*
| |
| Cannabinaceae kn t i, :a andmca f f - bottle gentian
| |
| * Canno is cati i - marij uana Geraniatene Caprifoliaceae k " Mir a rnlini mum - Carolina cranesbill Wiu N ,2 m:ia 7 - Jcpanese honeysuckle v.a al tr - wild geranium Caryophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Cerwti:n m <
| |
| * cc - field chickweed !!yh r y ?Ir uit'itime - waterleaf C. rul,,a t:c - mouse-ear chickweed Manthas actria - deptford pink Hypericaceae Iphnic e!/ a - white can:plon !!y rerf.n": -r; ti? r - S t . John's wort Farcqm U cm s: sis - whitlow-wcrt !!. perfcmne - common S t. John's wort cawnaria ef'it it':fa - bouncing be t il. pan ?!1+u - spot ted St. John's wort
| |
| 't h e stella *: - starry campien !!. ' s r c- f w: f r - g re a t S t . John's wort 7 aliarla apztic2 - chickweet Tr4 .,> r ;iryini m - marsh St. John's wort
| |
| : c. ar r-f ra - common sti t chwort 5 'lc yffolit - chickwed Lablatae m !ia - common chickweed %nfla crievr W e - dittany
| |
| +
| |
| Q* c tr Rf+ - hemp-nettle Cetatophyllaceae* G m: he'ce:' ' - gill-over-the-ground Ccra tq hp Zr hercw - hornwort* Wim pu: ;ia f ' - American pennyroyal f ccme.c ar!Og2 - motherwort Chenopodiaceae ! p p v a-c' 'mac - wa ter horehvund J ".q cdite albu - lamb's quarters '. 'f rr' las - water horehound C a-l'rcsicidcc - Mexican tea vmei '!in7 - F. - wild bergamot K n ? t r7a .
| |
| * f Qrl - Indian pipe Cistaceae Sq.ta c:taria - catnfp fielfan t hemc- c maler se - f ros tveed Dem r? M ca?y :W - self-heal Mmthmc- frmr - mountain-mint Convolvulaceae P cinginirc - mountain-nint ccc:m ? ra:ac n j . - hedge bindweed "2tarefa a?pris - wild basil N a ta gron n - - dadder " ate llaria p. 7e d?:4?ata - skullcap
| |
| ^ ::u rie';r: - skullcap Crassulaceae Sta #.Nc icr 2 - rough hedge-nettle renthrram ce Dides - ditch ,tonecrop* Tea ?ri c- -ri. <>c - wod-sage ref.c talcrh f r - orp i < TM&ste-a di "cm hiue curls Cruciferae f.e gum i n os ae Allwia officir Ilic - garlic mustard A % fernpa irr Ma*a - hog peanut Ar2;;i&psis tha?l f ''. ' - mouse-ear cress Ap ca c~erier i - groundnut Ambis lacv! Jta - rock cress ? rticia fin?!cra - wild indigo A. ?p r;t : - rock cress alac. : nietit?ns - wild sensitive plant
| |
| * A. shcrti - rock cress cc ren t l ia tuMa - c ri en ve t ch ParNrca rulgaMs - vintercress fer m ita 6'" v ns tick-trefoil Pritswi kaler - charlock D. :!!::e ' . - tick-trefoil
| |
| ?. nigm - black mustard C. glutinccum tick- r refoil O u :a bar02-pastcMs - shepherd's purse D. !!m :!u - tid-trefoil Cirinine ba!Nsa - bitter cress D. na:if?cr:c - tick-trefoil C. gencyl:unica - bitter cress D- pa'-iculatic - tick-tiefoil C. pm tencir - cuckoo-flower Lzthyras lttifclius - everlasting pea Denraria diphy!!a - peppe- vort Ecepdez2 hirta - bush-clover
| |
| * D. R:riniata - cut-leaf toothwort L. vic?acca buch-clover
| |
| * Ernaim:n cheiranthmbs - wormseed mustard L. virginica- bush-clover h pe ds matronalis - dame's rocket Ictas ccrniculets3 - bird's-foot trefoil
| |
| % pidiur: cai cstre - field cress Medic 2]o lupuli:11 - black medick
| |
| : 1. . pinginicvi - pepper-grass
| |
| * Pelilotas clM - white rweet clover Nasturtium officina?e - water-cress F. efficinalis - yellow sw et clover Ecrippa cylvestris - yellou cress Trifoliw, agrarite - hop-clover Sisyfrium altissira:r: - tumble mustard T. arvense - rabbit-foot clover
| |
| * q.# p y s,r S. officir. ale - hedge-mustard
| |
| * T- hybrid:n - alsike clover u J4h*
| |
| ThIaspi ar-Jense - field pennycress T. pratense - red clover T. rvpens - white clover Vicia cracca - cow vetch
| |
| | |
| 222 Table F-3 (cont.)
| |
| Lentibulariaceae* Primulaceae Utriculad a vulgaMe - bladderwort* Lysimachia ciliata - fringed loosestrife L. quadMfolia - whorled loosestrife Limnanthaceae L. terrestris - yellow loosestrife Floericia proserpinaccides - falne mermaid L. vulgaris - garden loose trife Trientalis boroalis- starflower Linaceae Lir:n virginir::n - wild flax Panonculaceae An cne canadensis - Canada anemone Lobeliaceae A quinquefoZia - wood anemone Lcbelta cardinaZis - cardinal-flower A. virginiana - thimbleweed L. inflata - Indian-tobacco Anenxella thalictroides - rue anemone L. sighiZitica - great lobelia Aquilegia cancdensis - columbine Cau!cphylZum thalictreides - blue cohosh Lythraceae* Cimicifuga raccarsa - bugbane Lythre saZicaria - purple locsestrife t Clematis virginiana - virgin's bower (bytis trifolia - goldthread Malvaceae liepatica americana - hepatica AbutiZen th?cphmsti - velvet-lest Ranunculus abcrticus - kidneyleaf buttercup Malva negZecta - cheeses
| |
| * R. acris - common buttercup
| |
| ?. tulbcsus - buttercup
| |
| * Onagraceae 4. pensylo2nicus - buttercup Circaea quadrisulcata - enchanter's nightshade R. recurvatus - buttercup Lpilcbi:n coloratzn - willow-herb R. repens - creeping buttercup Caura biennis - biennial gaurc Th2Zictr:n dioicum - early meadow rue
| |
| * Lubigia alternifolia - seed-box T- polypc: e - tall meadow rue Cenothera biennis - evening-primrose Rosaceae
| |
| * Orobanchaceae Agrim nic pry socq ala - agrimony Orchinche unificm - cancer-root Prajaria virginiau - wild strawberry Geta canadense - avens Oxalidaceae C. laciniatum - avens Oxalis dillenii - yellow wood sorrel CilZenia trifoZiata - bwman's root C. stricta - yellow wood sorrel Potentilla canadensis - dwarf cinquefoil
| |
| : c. violacea - violet wood sorrel P. nervegica - rough cinquefoil P. recta - rough-f ruited cinquefoil Papaveraceae P. simplex - cinquefoil CzeZidoniura maJws - celandine 32nguinaria canalensis - bloodroot Rubiaceae CcZium arcrine - cleavers Phytolaccaceae C. asprellum - bedstraw Ehy tolacca ancricana - pokeweed C. cire2e::at:s - bedstraw C. paZustre - bedstraw Plantaginaceae C. trifidum - bedstraw Plantago aMstata - buckhorn* C. tM fZore - bedstraw P. lanecolata - English plantain ilo:.stenia caeru?ca - bluets P. major - common plantain
| |
| * Mitchella repens - partridge-berry Polemoniaceae Santalaceae FhZcx subulata - moss-pink Comandra te-beZ Zata - bastard toad-flax Polygal aceae Saxifragaceae Polygala paucifolia - f ringed polygala MiteZ Za diphylZa - mitervort P. verticillata - whorled milkwort hfecg2 virginiensis - early saxifrage Polygonaceae Scrophulariaceae PoIygone avifolium - halberd-leaved tearthumb Aurco! aria virginica - downy false foxglove P. c2cspitos:n - long-$ ristled smartweed Chelene glabra - turtle-head P. eilinode - bindweed Gerardia tenuifolia - slender gerardia P. ccnvolvulus - black bindweed
| |
| * Linaria ruZgaris - butter-and-ege P. cuspidatum - Mexican bamboo Lindernia dubia - false pimpernel P. hydrcpiperoides - mild water pepper MeZa~nr:n Zineare - cow-wheat P. natans - water smartweed Mimulus M ngens - monkey-flower F. pensy Ztunicum - smameed ??cscris laxa - forget-me-not P. persicaria - smartweed M. semioides - forge t-me-not P. punctatum - smartveed Pc iiculaMs canadensis - Lot.sewort P. sagittatta - arrow-leaved tearthumb Penste on hircatus - hairy beardtongue P. ecandens - false buckwheat Sarmhularia ZancecZata - figwort P. t>frginicac - Virginia knotweed Verbare:c blattaria - moth-mullein Ru.wr acetoseIZa - sheep sorrel 7 tharcus - common mullein F criepus - curly dock Vera W a-cricana - American brooklime R. cb*usifolius - bitter dock V. cr:ensis - speedwell R. patientia - patience dock V. officinalis - common speedwell Y. scrpyllifolia - speedwell Portulacaceae Veronicastr:c virginicuri - culver's root
| |
| * CZaytonia virginica - spring beauty , ,
| |
| Js M% k,t
| |
| | |
| Table F-3 (cont. )
| |
| Solanaceae Cyperaceae (cont.)
| |
| Solan:n ezvolinense - horse-nettle E e9. arts acualaMs - spike-rush
| |
| * S. Julcraru - nigntshade E. cuata - spike-rush S. nigre - black nightshade F. tennis - spike-rush
| |
| * Scircus attrircns - bulrush L'mbelli f e rae C. cyperinus - wool grass Cicata baZbiferu - water hemlock
| |
| * 1 :ulidas - great bulrush C. maculata - water hemlock Cr"jptotaenia canaknsis - honewort Dioscoreaceae D2 ass e;rota - Queen Anne's lace DicsM rca villc?a - wild yam Csmorhiza claytoni - sweet cicely C. Lengistylis - sweet cicely
| |
| * Gramineae F2stince2 cativa - wild parsnip A p stie fcirnn2ns - autumn bent d:nicula maMlandica - black snakeroot A. siclcnifer2 - bentgrass lndraim n gemrli - big bluestem*
| |
| Urticaceae A. c lamas - little bluestem FochmcMa cylinlaica - false nettle A. Ofrginicus - broom sedge
| |
| * Tilea pumila - clearweed Ar:!w an th:ci cdcru!w" - sweet ve rnal grass Urtica dicm2 - stinging nettle Arist 'da Lehatc-a - three-awn imms 'pcn f AJ - Japanese chess Verbenaceae F m-2:is - soft chess Verbena hastata - blue vervain B. tectorm - downy chess V. urticifclia - white vervain Cirx2 arandin2xa - s tout woodreed n acts is glomerata - orchard grass Violaceae Danthania spieata - poverty oatgrass Viola b;andz - sweet white violet resdampsia fleruosa - hairgrass
| |
| .' cen:persa - American dog-violet Digit 2M a is kae r - crabgrass V. caca :, ta - blue marsh violet D. g:nguiral's - crabgrass V. erio 'apa - smooth yellow violet n,ine :m v .< - barnyard grass
| |
| : v. fim! riata a - northern downy violet Elymas MpaMas - wild rye V palm;ta - wood-violet F. ci!!osas - vild rye V. papilienzcea - common blue violet F. virginicas - wild tye V. pubcecens - downy yellow violet Eragrcstis capillaris - lovegrass V- corcria - woolly blue violet F. e:.lianensis - lovegrass*
| |
| V. stMata - pale violet F. franI fi - lovegrass F. h:c o % s - lovegrass F. pil:ea - lovegrass*
| |
| MAGNOLIOPHYTA-MONOCOTYLEDONEAE ? Frec!;bilis - purple lovegrass Alismaceae Fcataca cbtasa - nodding fescue Alisma subccrdat:ci - water-plantain Gly .'fa e x2densis - rattlesnake mannagrass Sagittaria :atifclia - arrow-head 7 s!Mata - fowl mannagrass lio:cas lanatus - velvet grass Amaryllidaceae /gstrix pa!a?a - bottlebrush Hyper #s hirzata - stargrass Lecrsia cryasias - rice cutgrass T- virgini': - white grass Araceae Icluc" f erenne - perennial ryegrass Accrus calamus - sweet flag * %hicnlaji' frond:sa - wirestem muhly Aris2cra dracontin-r - green dragon E ac;:rcheri - nimblewill A. triphylhei - jack-in-the-pulpit M. cylvatica - muhly Ep p!:caryus fcetidus - skunk cabbage Panic:c" ! cscii - panic-grass
| |
| * T. c:pillare - witchgrass Commelinaceae l'. c!xis tircc" - panic-gras s*
| |
| Comelina emnis - day-flower E ec-r atatum - panic-grass r dicho!ccif! cram - panic-grass Cype raceae P. dichct&mn - panic-grass
| |
| * Falbcat ' c:;-i: W is - sedge F. lanagir.cs:ca - panic-grass Carer annec*cna - sedge P. viryat:c" - switchgrass C. bromoidcs - sedge Panicam spp. - panic-grass C. Jacosa - sedge ThalaMe arundinaxa - reed canary grass C. crinita - sedge Thleum pr:tenac - timothy C. ddilis - sedge Tca ec Tressa - Canada bluegrass C. inth-rescens - sedge P. languida - bluegrass
| |
| * C. lasstris - sedge
| |
| * P. palustMs - fowl bluegrass C. laevivaginata - sedge ?. pratensis - Kentucky bluegrass C. lariflora - sedge Cetaria falerii - nodding foxtail C. lurid 2 - sedge S. gicuca - foxtail grass C. muhlenbergii - sedge S. italica - foxtail millet C. pensyltunica - sedge Sorchastr:n nutans - Indian grass *
| |
| ~
| |
| C. rosea - sedge C. scoparia - sedge hh][ Qhcncpholis inter-:edia - wedgegrass Tricha flava - purpleton C. stipata - sedge C. stricta - sedge Hydrocha ri taceae C. s:Mnnii - sedge Anacharis canadensis - water-weed C. tribuloides - sedge C. vulpinoidea - sedge Iridaceae Carex sp. (unidentified) - sedge Iris versicolor - blue flag Cyperus esculentus - yellow nut-grass Sisyrinchium angustifoli:ci - blue-eyed grass C. filiculmis - galingale C. strigosus - galingale
| |
| | |
| 224 Table F-3 (cont.)
| |
| Juncaceae Juncus articulatus - rush J. effusus - rush J. tenuis - path rush Luaula ea"pestris - wood ru=h Lemnaceae laa prinor - duckweed Wolffia punctata - water mea 1*
| |
| Liliaceae Allium canad.mse - wild garlic A. pneale - field garlic Asparr qua officinalis - asparagus Erythrcnium albidum - white trout-li1y F. americanum - trout-lily Newrocallus fklva - day-lily Lili:et canadense - Canada lily L. superbum - turk's-cap lily
| |
| * Naiantheaws canadense - wild lily-of-the-valley Medsola virginiana - Indian cucumber Crnithogalum mba!!atm - star of Bethlehem Polygonatw1 biflorwt - Soloman's seal P. rubsecens - Soloman's seal Smilacina racemosa - false Soloman's sea 1 Trilliter erectum - purple trillium uvularia perfoliata - perfoliate be11 wort U. sessilifolia - sessile-leaved bellinort Vera ti".rt veride - false hellebore Najadaceae Potamogetc:n spirillus - pondweed Orchidaceae opripedium acaule - pink lady's slipper Epipactis helleborine - helleborine Goodgera ;kbescens - rattlesnake plantain Habenaria lacera - ragged fringed orchid Spiranthes cernua - ladies' tresses S. grucilis - ladies' tresses
| |
| * Sparganiaceae Sparganitet eur"scargum - but-reed Typhaceae Qpha angustifolia - narrow-leaf cat-tail T. latifolia - cat-tail S70228
| |
| | |
| 225 Table F-4. hnths when plants were observed in flc=er or shedding spores on woodland salt drift tran*= cts at the Su quehanna SES, 1978, liames, abb reviat t ms, and locations of t ransects are given in Table F-l .
| |
| RF CIF TR419 TO 3 A 'cS H CC Ebv iew h.i ;*' ri, irt-E* 2 0 Aug Aug Aug 0 A
| |
| * I?; Aug 0 0 0 0 2 s r* * *-.c 0 Apr 0 0 0 Apr Apr Apr A. c:d rc 0 0 0 s'a r o A. s: h . r te Apr 4m ' ? -i? ' i wa 0 0 Jul-Sep ,, u l-Oc t Jul-Oct Jul Au 0 0 0 0 Aug Aug ny ri
| |
| * i z y; a.e/; 171 Aug 0 Aug Ton,Aug A7t*e!(J l a rvr.r ze:a O Aug 0 0 Jul Jul 0
| |
| : 4. .i t ce *- r* 2 0 Nv,Jul 0 0 0 0 A ?i aM 2 JM '. 2 ? in b y,Aug A-!P si f . Piel i<J 0 Aunt.Sep Aug,Sep Aus Aug 0 0 0 4 t Mfi i: Aug 0 0 0 %v A' e *. Y i r ede rv a 0 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 A ug Aug
| |
| - r -;r 2 ? M7 e 2*a 0 is m:r :M f ;
| |
| * 2 0 0 0 0 Aug 0
| |
| ; 5 x m nli 0 Aug 0 0 0 0 e rir E'
| |
| - ': 'UMU 0 0 A ug , Se p 0 SrP O 0
| |
| i raa 0 0 0 0 Sep r ;' e f.i . E-.t 0 0 May 0 0 A v^- a 0 A v r*r < '2 f ha *
| |
| * r* i . :. s 0 0 0 0 sp r ,$da v 0
| |
| - rir. :Ma ra r ?. 4 0 0 %y Nv Apr Mav A, r me t :jirs , . 0 0 May %v %v 0 nr n. :r :r. : h :r a !. m:! r 0 0 %v , J un May,Jun ''av,Jun %v
| |
| * 'cs 2m ri' ira O Aug 0 0 0 0 t r. r %-:r.d i r.v- 0 0 Jul 0 J' 1 0
| |
| , 3 r T ig eia O C o O %< %v A r. + eis tha. lix2 0 0 %v Ap r,Ny Apr 0 A rn +
| |
| o %y 0 0 wav %v,Jun 0 0 0 0 May in '7. ir 0 A r? ' ':ars airwr Aug 0 Aug 0 0 0 l da ;-r ". t ri; e o :'r %y %y %v 0 0 0
| |
| .tr- lia m 1n. ::r:s: 0 0 0 hv 0 0 lr.' e a "mrd: . O Jul 0 Jul 0 0 A. p:!M? .iz o 0 0 0 0 Jun A, y.ri.2 'a 0 0 Jul Jul 0 0 A. c .d< res 0 0 Jul 0 0 0 Aar J.e :::e ; r.e a .= n 0 0 Jul Jul Jul Jul e :n + r.1 i: s Sep,0ct 0 sep,0ct Sep Sep,0ct 0 A. fi:n M ? %d Aug-3c t 0 Aug.Sep 0 Aug-Oct Sep,0er
| |
| ,. .in e .a 0 0 0 0 0 Sep,0ct
| |
| ,. s ai f+ r 0 0 Sep,0ct Sep,0ct Sep,0ct Se p ,0c t la?* Mf m a 0 0 sep,0ct 3ep,0ct Sep,0ct Oct A. r ua- 19: :44 0 0 0 0 Sep,0ct 0 A. , vr.a 0 0 0 a Sep 0 A. ,it.m aa 0 0 0 0 Jul 0 J 0 0 0 Sep,0ct 0 0
| |
| ; wr.1 + . -
| |
| A. e i- ; Sep Sep Sep Rep,0rt Sep 0 A irp rie (;Ii.r-feiria 0 0 Jul Jul Jul,Aig 0 Aazw .:ri2 ;'ir.;in '2 0 0 0 0 Jun Aug
| |
| ?.:. iaiz tin?*. M 0 0 0 0 Js1 0 S .r? 2res : .' arir Ny May,Jun May May %v 0
| |
| % .~ .n! 0 0 May May /pr May F. 4 iz O O O O O hv 0 Aug.Sep Aug 0 0 F i kne fr'': ! ? 1 Aug
| |
| : -+ h d i e, ! irai '' 3 Jul,Aug Jul 0 0 0 0 5
| |
| s 4. i .e litt. ' * < - . 0 0 0 0 Sep,0ct 0 F. a t ri x;rirfc : ie 0 0 0 0 Jun 0 Fmesi n 4 d,'r 0 0 % v-Jul.0ct Jul 0 0
| |
| % !.r-N f e uy f or:i- 2 0 0 %y 0 %y Apr-Aug wr am nita 0 Jun 0 0 0 0 in t res xna 0 Jtm 0 0 0 0 v ,
| |
| e r s 0 0 Apr 0 Apr %y
| |
| ';.vr pr. G Ny %y .%v % he %v Za S I u tt2 ? : 0 0 0 Nv 0 0
| |
| ' 2m t has a*vaiar :.s c: 0 0 Jun 0 0 Jun.Jul t's e:e
| |
| * i:e ara.vnse O Ny 0 Nv hv ,J un 0 N ii.irrir m s L y,Jun hv May-Jul . 0 0
| |
| &c r- r:Fr rtis si: !. e 0 0 0 0 0 Aug M m @ v :em A-c 0 0 J un ,Jul Jun-Sep May-Sep 0 c i s.
| |
| * 2 ma n. a tz O O O Jul 0 0
| |
| 'fr*2 arar. fi>:.1 y 2 Aug Aug 0 0 0 0
| |
| 'i r* . n Lim e:.l>2:- Jul Jul Jul,Aug 0 Jul Jul,Aug Jire ic 2 **wreg 0 0 0 Jun Jul 0 0 t%I. 2rw 0 0 0 Aug Aug 0 1 O D 'Ol el a jl) n c w/ dcr.G.O J
| |
| /ior
| |
| * - ~
| |
| O, 1
| |
| a _ J $!a
| |
| | |
| 226 Table F-4 (cont.)
| |
| Sp ec ies RF GIF TR419 TR438 QSH CC Cl@ toniz cir*Jiniaz Apr,Nf Apr 0 0 0 0 Clemasia virjinizn1 0 0 Aug 0 0 0 Cmin iez arbeI?at.1 0 0 0 0 Nv,Jun 0 cc-r rlini mmnid Aug Aug Jtd-Sep Jul-Sep Jul-Sep 0 CM M.Ias se; i:c 0 0 Jul 0 0 0 impa e s:1. maid 0 0 0 Aug,Sep Aug Aug Curams .22. cr'tif. l u O O May 0 hy 0 C- **::ri L1 0 0 %y 0 My %y C. r~1 w ei 0 0 0 Jun 0 0 K r- " la piril 0 0 J un-0c t Jun.Jul 0 0 Ws%8 w% ria.trz o 0 0 Apr 0 0 N '.r a sp. 0 0 0 0 May Lv mq :: t 2. p. i 2 .
| |
| + .,t #: v is 0 0 Jun 0 0 0 a.'; > n Jan idra 0 0 0 0 Aug,Sep Sep N r%s fist 4 -"is 0 0 0 0 0 Aug c str# r
| |
| * O Aug 0 Aug 0 0
| |
| ' ; re;+ ! ?:r u;.:e *n 0 0 0 0 May
| |
| :'ssa c rie r rc t r:.3 2 0 Jul 0 0 0 0 fue s ' is j ? n m t 1 0 0 May,Jun h y-Jul 0 Jun arm; 'nU r; ' 4 0 0 0 0 Jun Jul
| |
| .'v 0 0 Jul,Aug Jul,Aug,0ct Jul,Aug Aug i t'r:rs t.a - i z p.v , bi w' z O O Jul Jul Jul Jul f e';t IM I ~ _ Arr,N y Apr 0 0 0 0 es 'n.r~ ei *" w + -
| |
| 0 0 0 0 Jun %v ,Jun a ' m . ' .v* e ,r 0 0 0 0 Aug 0
| |
| " r:alf '? cer 0 0 Aug 0 0 Aug
| |
| . , w i> ! 7 ::e 0 0 Aug Aug Aug 0
| |
| > rm? 'n% M2 0 0 0 Jun Jul,Sep Jun-Aug 0 iv r' 2 .m ' .JM c Ap r ,%y Apr 0 0 0 0
| |
| - v r" . '2 'xr: 0 0 0 0 Jun 0
| |
| .:*i <
| |
| * ais . 0 0 Aug Aug Aug 0 f5 ne e~: 0 0 Jun,Jul 0 Jul 0 2 *n zlia 0 0 Jul Jul Jul Jul c: 4 .a 0 0 Jun 0 Jul 0 FM A. : : ad > ' 3 Aug O O Aug 0 0 F";.ms ri: 7 Aug Aug 0 0 0 0
| |
| . *s Jul 0 0 0 0 0 9 m va 0 0 0 0 Apr Apr
| |
| ' " i:e '+ . *Pr 0 Aug 0 A ug Aug 0
| |
| * .ie:rtwa ara
| |
| * O O O Ap r,Lv Apr 0 Artmceris frM 0 0 Jul 0 0 0 E ers ? !i:is 0 0 Aug 0 0 0 Free ** r e r.:. ia 0 0 Aug,Sep Sep 0 Aug Fri + rur D ca Jul,Aug 0 Jun-Aug hy-Aug Jun-oct Jun-Sep A ry a :H e .J.e r:"*Fe i f* J 0 0 ful Aug 0 0 F. a . File Apr,%y 0 0 0 0 0 ce Maan:r Apr,%v Apr 0 0 0 0 f:;<:t: ri:r lie ra nr 0 0 0 Aug 0 0
| |
| : f. m :.e.4*cJ !T Aug Aug 0 0 0 0 F. ; c ef ; ; r:. Aug 0 0 Aug,sep Aug 0
| |
| : 1. r%j ?r:c Aug-Oct Aug-Oc t Aug-Oct Sep Jul-Oct Sep ,0c t 1x *>rb'a fr.islii 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 FO ::.
| |
| * s 0 0 Jun Jun 0 Jun F rki re.- - -
| |
| hv Lv 0 0 0 0 Fa ?J 2Ma aji"i2%2 0 0 Ny Apr N y May hy f rie: r.;.a esM et 0 Apr 0 May Apr 0
| |
| ;2 ? N/;, - '
| |
| !I O O Jul-Oct Aug-Oct Jul Aug 0 i:?ir wriew 0 Jul May,Jul hy,Jul %y Jul 0 e;. N !: r 0 Aug 0 0 0 0 J 'ir ? ta n:"2 0 0 0 0 Jul Jul
| |
| ~ f rif' rr5M 0 Aug 0 0 0 0 el b ie mid 0 0 0 Sep 0 0 1;r.miam *:. M z %m 0 0 0 my May May
| |
| - F1r'dia Nr4 '
| |
| *i2 0 0 0 0 Aug,Sep 0 ke m:!aJe Jul,Aug Jul Jul, Aug Jul Jul Jun c ;. m 2 he b-> v 2 May %y 0 0 Apr 0 h h2: .* ! ae i, ' i.e 0 0 0 Aug,Sep Aug Sep er2 ; :4! ce.N';8 0 0 0 0 0 Aug i z vlrziniru O Jul 0 0 0 0
| |
| - m ; a?qr - its 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 e 2"ic au qeni . Aug Aug,Sep Sep 0 0 0 H.> : -: ' clw dia :M.':t:.a 0 0 0 0 0 Aug
| |
| .Y. :dcmsaa 0 Jul-%p 0 0 0 0 M rn 2 ! La ,% tu O O Jul Jun,Jul Jul 0 V.>; a ! ' 32 re ri> ^2 0 0 0 0 Apr May rice; cms m 2?ry ;?ir N y-J ul Ny.Jun 0 0 0 0 0" D oW _ 970230 m,. r D
| |
| s 9- A
| |
| ,a lk.~!d C
| |
| | |
| 227 Table F-4 (cont.)
| |
| Spec t ee RF C1F TR419 TR4 B QSH CC Viemeie aumntiasm 0 0 0 0 0 Jun H. paniJu! ate 0 0 Aug Aug Aug.Sep Aug II. pmtense 0 0 Jun May-Jul May-Jul Jun.Jul S. us v>s um 0 0 Jun 0 by Jun Jun
| |
| ?-!e.as
| |
| > lanatua 0 0 0 0 Jun Jun Heustmia swru2ea May 0 0 0 Apr.Jun Ma y ,J un Fp3rmyea arbores.*cea Jul 0 0 0 0 0 N:r fecc hyllurt Virgini.ze:n May 0 0 0 0 0
| |
| % Neime perf;mte Aug 0 0 Jul Jul 0 Jul Aug Jul Jul N. r unctate Aug 0 0 F. ;ym*i.htm 0 Jul 0 0 0 0 Hy; oris hirsat 2 0 0 0 0 0 Jun
| |
| #9 s 'ris pa t ula 0 0 0 0 0 Aug I ;atienJ lifkm Jul,Aug Jul,Aug Jul. Aug Jul-Sep 0 0 0
| |
| I. rJ! lid: Jul.Aug Aug 0 0 0 0
| |
| .'unews te n is 0 0 0 0 Jul Aalmia imjwerifolia 0 0 0 0 0 Jun K. 11tif::ia 0 0 0 0 Jun Jun,Jul Arijia viejinia 0 0 0 May hy,Jun May Jun Lietum +2nziensis 0 0 0 J ul, Aug Jul.Aug Jun Jul lee rsi.2 virJ inia2 Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug 0 femrus Nelf.232 Jul 0 Jun-Aug Jun,Jul 0 0 Lepilim eriestre 0 0 0 0 May 0 les;elisa hirta 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 L. eim.:>e 2 0 0 0 0 0 Sep L. vir;fi nia2 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 Liy. strum vu fj aw 0 J un 0 0 0 0 Li ir nr.alense o Jul 0 0 0 0
| |
| : 1. s u;e rl e Aug 0 0 0 0 0 Linaria t'ulg2ris 0 0 Jul Jul,Sep,0ct Jul-Oct 0 LinleN lenacin 0 Apr Apr Apr Apr 0 L inde rn i 2 labia 0 Jul 0 0 0 0 R!elia inf:at'2 0 0 Jul.Aug Aug Jul,Aug Aug lo t us o m A n4 !a ths Jul 0 0 0 0 0 Lui:igia at temif.dia 0 0 0 Jul 0 0 I p hnis a!b2 0 0 0 May Jun Aug May.J. , O If x;w!i r fla NZZ '.m 0 0 0 Oct 0 Oct L. ul Amr.e 0 0 0 Oct 0 0 LjNptes PirJ nicusi Aug Aug 0 0 s 0 tysi w hir alliata Jul,Aug Jul 0 0 s O L. .;.a hif>Ila 0 0 0 0 Jun Jun,Jul L. te rrest ris 0 0 0 Jun 0 0 L. vulpria o Jul 0 0 0 0 Mai<mth =:e eatui ue 0 0 Miy 0 0 May
| |
| .Wiiarp lu;u!im 0 0 0 Jun 0 0
| |
| .W!.rryr.n lina zre 0 0 0 0 Jul Jun-Aug
| |
| .WI(Lcis a!ba 0 0 0 0 Jul,Aug,0ct 0
| |
| ,W ete.sfa virginiaz May 0 0 0 0 0 Mirslus ringc .s 0 0 0 Aug 0 0 MitchaI!a refers 0 0 0 0 0 Jun Enctmpa unifkm 0 0 Jul O Jul Aug Ahle n! eryi 2 fr.m.bs 2 Aug Aug 0 0 0 0 V. sy 'm t is2 0 0 0 0 Aug 0
| |
| %ria as;lenifRia 0 0 0 0 Apr 0 Nyas2 ey!:'1ti .2 0 0 0 0 May 0 Cenctha m m is O Aug Aug Aug Sep Aug 0 Csarrhisa I m istylis May 0 0 0 0 0 Cr~un.ia einrmn2 0 0 0 by 0 0 Gralis li!?vnii Aug 0 May Jul.Aug May,Aug May.Jun,Aug Jun C. str*at2 Jun 0 Jun,Sep Jun,Aug Sep Jun 0 m efa:awa 0 0 0 0 May 0 Finier bearii 0 0 Jul 0 0 0 F. o2; i! *are O Aug Aug Aug Aug 0 Amicta 32 n.iss riraes 0 Jun Jul 0 0 Jun 0 F, di k tv~.a 0 0 Jul 0 0 0 P. langinesta 0 0 0 0 Jun 0 P. ciryte 0 0 0 0 Jul 0 R:rthencMasas quis;uefolia 0 0 Jun 0 0 0 Fenstemn hirsutus 0 0 May.Jun 0 Jun,Jul Jun Tha'.aris aruni?en2Na 0 Jun 0 Jun 0 0 Lkle m p m tense 0 0 J un ,J ul Jun,Jul Jul 0 Jhlo.r subulata 0 0 0 May May May Thysomrpus cF%2ifM %s 0 Jun 0 0 0 0 Thytclaaa2 ameriana Aug Sep Jul-Sep Sep Aug,Sep Jul.Aug Aug Pilsa p ri!d Aug Aug 0 0 0 0 Flantap Zanaeolata 0 0 Jun,Jul Jun-Aug May Jun Pa2 co*fress.2 0 0 Jun Jun Jun Jun F. pmtensis May May May May May.Jun May D 'O D e WO23 y-aa r'
| |
| D 'T~ '
| |
| a f w JJ _
| |
| _a
| |
| | |
| 228 Table F-4 (cont.)
| |
| Species ILF GIF TR419 TR438 QSH CC "aA 7 hl!r ; wit >fe hv ny May 0 hy 0 i c i ., d2 ; xv ' lil 0 0 0 0 0 %y r -t : matt.m !i'mric Jun 0 %y v May 0
| |
| 'g.i? e ? i f r.'.1 Jul,Aug Jun-Aug 0 0 0 0
| |
| # mmh & 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 T'. J 0; !:e Aug Aug 0 0 0 0
| |
| ' h f izv fi r+roidcs Aug-Oct Sep 0 0 Jul,Aug 0 F. f m ? M ?:c Aug 0 Aug,Sep Aug,Sep Aug 0 To m ia2ria Jul,Aug,0ct 0 Jun-Oct Aug Sep Jul,Aug 0 F. e 2, M:r Aug,Sep 0 Sep Aug Sep 0 0 i
| |
| tN rJi r ir # Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug 0 Ta a+ u..e : ** s i n ks 0 0 Jun,Jul Jun,Jul Jul 0 16.;a h.e 0 0 0 0 Apr 0
| |
| +
| |
| -!i! ~ s r/-Ji32 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 T'. iv ta 0 0 0 0 J un , Ju l 0
| |
| ! . s i-: br 0 0 Ny % v , J un Mav,Jun %v,Jun I rw r nee :: 2 0 0 0 Sep Aug 0 Tr w ?;a t% ,:ris 0 0 Aug,Sep Jul-Sep Jul-Sep Aug The af.c 0 0 0 0 May 0 T'. see5 f iu O O hy Ny May May e 4 pn r C.mt
| |
| . %s 0 0 0 0 0 YMdim n 'ine 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 P mv:% :c:naane f 0 0 0 0 Jul . Aug Aug IN mv:th,-"r tdejiniry 0 0 0 0 Jul 0
| |
| .. 4 ~. re . ia %v 0 0 0 May hv v v . a ; ,tr 2! O r t ' %s %v D Ap r ,%y ny Ap r , %v 0 fr a May 0 Jun,Jul May-Jul May-Jul O
| |
| '+ 1 u n tr n ni! C..r.c 0 0 0 May 0 %y Fhus a arsz O Jul 0 O O Jul R. m m3 Jun Jun 0 0 0 0 F ff;hi- 0 0 0 Jun 0 0
| |
| - mi;; a s lecs tria 0 Jul Jun Jun 0 0 ri ml l' Ice; o 3 Jun Jun 0 0
| |
| - ciej:eir J 0 0 0 0 Jun Jun r2 r.s la o Jul hv % v, Jun hy-Jul My f: ~ . sis 0 0 0 Jun May,Jun 0
| |
| ~ r v* ':s 0 0 %y 0 %v %y ah il nir?a 0 0 Jul Jun-oct Jul . Aug 0 Prv y .. ,. . 0 0 0 % v-J u l N y-Jul % y,Jun
| |
| " crir; we Jun 0 Jun Jun 0 0 e ta: a4 Jun 0 0 0 0 0
| |
| . . tr *.c i .: fe 0 0 0 Apr 0 0 ee rim a 0 0 0 Apr 0 0
| |
| .ialir sp. 0 0 0 0 Apr 0 U-! as ?;mimiis 0 0 0 Jun 0 0 e sir :Ma _2na &*: sis 3 Apr 0 0 Apr 0
| |
| '' " w ai 2 -"fe %2?fs 0 0 Jul Jul-Sep Jul Aug 0 Jus tfr:s :2 L : !r 0 0 hv %v May 0 catureja : a~g;ris 0 0 0 Jul,Aug Jul O
| |
| ;brifN J ?frf r ma i. 0 0 Ap r ,%y 0 Apr hy %y L ir;:4s 2 n. eire.s 0 0 0 0 Jun,Jul 0 M r hada t v >< .; a2 Aug 3 by Jun,Jul May,Jun 0 few c?:t ;tus 0 0 0 0 0 May,Jun e r 2ria [22 e Fil 0 0 Aug Aug 0 0 C. j in . 0 0 Aug Aug Aug 0
| |
| ::i .ms 2;;u;. tes Aug o 0 0 0 0
| |
| :Is.e afsli;
| |
| * O J 0 0 ara Aug Jis r*inchim actrast b l i.c 0 0 0 0 0 Jun Nilay,Pu r;ae-r e2 0 0 ny 0 May May So ?ar.ie a2rd ie:se O Aug 0 Jul-Sep 0 0
| |
| ' du .s.m n1 0 0 0 Jul 0 0 EJli h;; arjut'2 0 0 0 0 0 Aug-Oct bio :7 7e 0 0 Sep 0 Aug-Cct Sep,0ct 2 ':esia 0 0 Sep,0ct 0 Sep,0ct Sep,0ct f Frna i.-s is Aag Sep Aug,Sep Aug,Sep Aug,Sep Sep 0 S. Cerioralis Sep,0ct Sep,0ct 0 0 0 0 gig r!!i 2 A ug. Se p Aug Aug Aug Aug 0
| |
| * givr-inifd i2 0 Aug Sep Aug,Sep Aun,Sep Aug,Sep r %nx2 0 Aug 0 Jul,Aug Jul-Sep Jul
| |
| , nc-om lis 0 0 0 Aug-Oct Aug-Oct G
| |
| ' rsj;s 2 Sep Sep Sep,0ct sep,0ct Sep,0ct Sep J; ha m ; hd is in ter= e !i: 0 0 0 0 Ma ,Jun 0 4-irwz 'atif:lia 0 Jul 0 Jul-Sep Jul 0 4 (nr hes wreraf 0 0 Sep Sep Sep 0 C. gNai!is 0 0 0 Aug 0 0 St,7h . trif 7 Ca May May 0 0 0 0 D mO'O O C.s b o ef" UftQM
| |
| ,v. _ (U -
| |
| Q
| |
| | |
| 229 Table T-4 (cont.)
| |
| RF CIF TB419 TK 4 38 0$H CC species 0 0 0 0 0 Ste :L2ri2 a r.2t
| |
| * Aug,0ct Jun 0 S. 'miifc lil 0 Jul 0 0 0 0 Ap r ,%y %y Ap r ,%v 0
| |
| '.rwdia May 0 Apr,N y,Jul.0ct Ap r-Jul , Sep May Juu T2 N.ci ?:sa ufficinJI4 Jul 0 Te:4eri:e crrsie.se Aug Jul,Aug Jul Jul 0 0 Jul 0 0 Thaticene nQge.c Jul N igpte Ns r rebor v stis 0 0 0 Aug Jul Aug Jul 0 0 0 0 0 Tili 2 rerim2 0 0 Jun,Jul 0 T.:g , 3r m d2 it.J 0 0 Aug Aug 0 Trichus teni ficha tre 0 0 0 Jul,Aug Jun,Jul Mfolie a,;rari c 0 0 0 Jun,Jul,0ct 0 0 Aus,Sep 0 0 T. ev.se 0 0 0 0 J un .J u l , Se p Jun 0
| |
| ?- pmte se 0 0 Jun,Jul Jun,Jul J un ,Jul Jun,Jul T. ret eu Apr 0 0 0 0 Ml ir erW !te Apr,% y 0
| |
| Tri x;%s g rf. it!; O O Jun Jun Jun Aug Aug Aug Aug 0
| |
| '"r i : ' .; & 1 0 0 0 Ap r ,%y 0 0
| |
| .ba w' # 7771r 2 0 Ap r 0 0 0 Apr 0
| |
| :lw curiam 2 Jul, Aup, Jul 0 0 0 0 i'r ! *2 di:
| |
| * 0 0 0 May
| |
| '%;ari2 ;-cefv 2 u e2 0 0 hv 0 0
| |
| *asaili[-!ia 0 0 0 0 0 %v My
| |
| , .' nir et e:r.a;c 0 0 0 0 0 0 %v 0 V. NJ . ms Ve rhaste t h;;; 9 74 0 0 0 Jul Jul 0 0 Aug 0 0 n ed vr.2 hast2tr 0 Jul,Aug V. kr!. s ';> !ia Aug Jul Jul,Aug Jul,Aug Jul, Aug Aug
| |
| ,'e .m r i racetce2 +rdi. 0 0 0 Aug,Sep 0 0
| |
| ' *-m i & 2 arnw is 0 0 %v Lv 0 Ly 0 0 %v hy-Jul Nv,Jun May,Jun V. efficin.zlis Ny 0 hy 0 %y 0 ee rT 4 '! ifs-li z hrane &n t.2 ? P O O O Jun 0 0 0 0 0 e in.u -inar 0 0 Apr Apr,%v 0 k It ff.-! M :n 'a 0 0 Ma*
| |
| 0 O
| |
| 0 0 My
| |
| ;' iin::a 0 0 6 en i v t hv Apr Apr,Ny Apr,%y Apr.May %y
| |
| , p2 V. ;d+ts vns Apr,% v 0 0 0 0 0 e ec.m r ' Ny %y 0 0 0 0 s t ri zia My 0 0 0 0 0 if tis .2erf ie 'ie 0 0 Jun Jun 0 Jun V. rir ari: 0 0 Jun 0 0 0 a sviadts1 0 0 0 0 Jul O
| |
| 'N s t species of , ci cannot be identified in fimer, e r % e^k e 40 gw$
| |
| J UNW1 0*9 l 0
| |
| a ol J"L C ~
| |
| ~ ~
| |
| o 1) 8
| |
| _ _ J a
| |
| | |
| 230 Table F-5. Months when plants were observed in flower or shedding spores on abandoned field and open marsh salt drif t transects at the Susquehanna SES, 1978 hmes, abbreviations, and locations of transects are given in Table F-1.
| |
| Spec ies hT SwF TCF SM l'S l ] M AmTHL2 virgin ie2 0 0 Sep 0 0 A vr rubric Apr 0 Apr 0 0 Asti: ira M:'efa:i:n 0 Jul,Aug Jul-Oc t 0 0 A00rus ezZu 4s 0 0 0 0 May,Jun Ayn seis ser 20nifcPa Aug Jul,Aug Jun,Jul 0 0 A:iam elecr12 tic 0 0 0 0 Jul A:li2ri2 cm ~ir.3:is May 0 0 0 0 A!!i r vir.r1:1 0 0 Jul 0 0 Alna r rh.;cca Apr 0 0 0 0 Ad rasia arte-is fif, O Aug,$ep A ug , Sep 0 0 A.L!r y ay/n sa prrius 0 0 Aug,Sep 0 0 A. virjini us 0 0 Sep 0 0 Antennari: es;is 't 2 0 %y Mav 0 0 Anth:z mthm O !cmtr 0 May-Jul May,Jun 0 0 A;0< n:c c mr.EIn c Jun-Aug 0 0 0 0 Amli !q sis th z:'i2r.a 0 0 May 0 0 Arism; tM; hy ' we 0 0 0 May 0 As h*, las inNmtL2 Jul 0 0 Jul Jul.Aug A. tW res 2 0 0 Jul 0 0 Antsr erixiha Sep,0ct Sep,0ct Sep,0ct 0 Oct A. Lite dfTc rus Aug-Oct Sep 0 0 0 A. n-mas-an;lias O Aug-Oct 0 0 Sep A. f unix:.s 0 0 0 Aug-Oct Sep,0cc A. siv:cz Sep Sep,0er 0 0 Sep A. ske' a ss G Oct 0 0 0 53r.6 2rc.I eq 2Ms May May May May May ta.re Nrwa Sep 0 0 0 Sep S. fmn !ce: Aug Sep 0 0 0 Sep Sc<h-v da 3? i.:lMa2 Jul 0 0 Jul Jut
| |
| & t5 hic <!imate 0 0 Sep,0ct 0 0
| |
| ?. ma t ricari . ':!!: ~ 0 0 Jun 0 0 F:.I!cs ty?is & ' ris
| |
| ; 0 0 Sep 0 0 n ml:-ire rensy , u. im 0 0 0 May 9 r:rez cri>:it 2 0 0 0 Jun 0 t la? stris 0 0 0 Jun 0
| |
| "- Zu ri la 0 0 0 Jun Jun Carvr sp.a May Mav May May May
| |
| '2J a is n ic t [! ' Ins 0 0 Jul 0~ 0' Cetustir armise May,Jun May,Jun May May,Jun 0 0.c l w g ? d e2 0 0 0 Sep 0 sb;,s :nther ; eamn thme J un-S e p Jun-Aug Jun,Jul 0 Jun 20.f 2 !<u:lif. m 0 0 0 0 Aug
| |
| =2f :u t 2 Jul 0 0 Jul Jul Cirns ar e f -> v 2 0 0 0 Aug 0
| |
| :lesi s rw r.se Jul 0 0 0 Jul e
| |
| culpN Aug,Sep 0 Jul Aug Sep day t stia !"inyinis; o 0 0 May 0 inc. ?v:.las mir 0 Jul,Aug a 0 0 d.pza a m:ivnsis 0 0 Aug,Sep 0 0
| |
| 'cing smc 0 Jun Jun,Jul 0 Jul
| |
| '' m v 's-1 0 Jun 0 0 Jun
| |
| %ssatz p=x vii 0 0 0 Aug,Sep Aug,Sep
| |
| ' ; e r:.a . lieu:~ie 0 0 Oct 0 0 s?Mj sas O Aug 0 Aug,Sep Aug
| |
| %m th.mi2 spi :ta 0 0 Jun 0 0 Inasus ermta Aug-Oct Jul-Oct Jul-Sep o O res-atif:c p mic:.;2f.m Aug Aug Aug O O W n'has arvria Jul Jun-Aux J ul-S ep 0 0 N , i tard2 isehz w 0 Aug 0 0 0 Crytteris crist2t.2 0 0 0 Jul O EAincch::2 - w ie2ta O Aug 0 0 0 E?r:7.:v c m ta t 2 0 Nav 0 0 0 E .* ' h.2Ms aMea:cris 0 0 0 0 Aug E. m2 ta 0 0 0 Jun Jun,Jul F. tewis 0 0 0 0 Aug E tym.s r p2ris i
| |
| Aug 0 0 0 0 E. viejini~ s Aug 0 0 0 0 Qi'ebir Werte A ug , Se p 0 0 Aug,Sep Sep Fe2 gree tis cifi wwis 0 0 Aug 0 0 E. s:votid.ilis 0 0 Aug 0 0 ENehtites hirmaif ia '
| |
| 0 0 Sep 0 Sep frijenm anms Jun-Aug Jun-Aug J un- Aug 0 Jul rapaterim fis +ukem 0 0 0 Aug,Sep Aug Sep E. aucu ' a r a- Aug Sep 0 0 0 0 F. perf: Itat:s* Aug Aug 0 Jul-Sep Jul,Sep E. riars s- Aug 0 Sep Aua,Sep 0 OOl OO o '0 ~9 e#g#m d
| |
| f v _ L) - a
| |
| | |
| 231 Table F-5 (cont.)
| |
| NF SwF TCF SM USl1M Species 0 0 0 Floerkia pwserpirixides May 0 0
| |
| Frupria virgini.z*tz hy May May,Jun May 0 0 0 Fmzinue awricana o May 0 0 Jun 0 Galim ararins 0 0 Jul,Aug 0 C. asf re Z Z e 0 0 C. palustre Jun,Jul 0 0 Sep,0ct Jun 0 0 0 Jul Jun,Jul C. triffle 0 0 3 Aug Szkra biennis Aug 0 0
| |
| @ntiana ami.rwsii 0 Oct 0 0 0 0 Gerztlia temifolia Sep o 0 0 0
| |
| '.iem e27k11nse Jul 0 S. L:dni-It:e Jun 0 0 0 Jun Jun 0 CIpeeria emzinsis 0 0 0 C. s t ria ta 0 0 0 Jun 0 Aug-Oct 0 0 W.afnall e cbt w ',>!i m 0 0 Sep,nct Re:snir aute aale Aug-Oct 0 0 0 Aug,Sep 0 0 0 0 Feli:nthus ase2; 6 t 2 ? ha Jun 0 0 0 0 Use7e M a mct m 2fia 0 0 Riem:f r p2nfo:ti 2*m 0 0 pug May,Jun May,Jun Jun 0 0 H. p mtense N:lcus ' r:a t as 0 0 0 0 Jun 0 0 0 Houetonia cieruiea O Mas Sep Aug ,,Sep 8
| |
| TsMc:e ktiZwa O Aug 0 1 5
| |
| R. U rfcm t w- Ju l, Aug Jul,Aug Jul N. pn?! ate Jul,Aug Jul Aug Jul 0 Jul 0 0 0 4 psm-fla t tc- Jul 0 Jul-Sep Jul-Sep
| |
| .' ut icns bifle N O O O 0 Jun Mav Jrie ccrsim:ce 0 0 Jun h %sef,%ew 0 Jun 0 Jun Jun,Jul 0 Jul 0 0
| |
| . tenais O O Mav Jul 0 0 KR:i t virjini]
| |
| %3 mzir. sis 0 0 Aug 0 0 0 0 0 Aug Aug m:a ra ia ::m aM.ir a Aug
| |
| . 'iejini?I O O O Aug O May 0 0 0 feri & e n vstre 0 L. cirj; iew- 0 0 May 0 f rum 2 ra y ';ris 0 0 Sep 0 0
| |
| .Le!i2 ^;mlina:ia Aug 0 0 0 0 Jul,Aug J ul, Aug 0 0 inf 'I Aug 0 Sep Aug,Sep 0 0 si; h *
| |
| * mt 0 0 Aug Jul,Aug a ::,-ljia .2. +e mif 2 ? fa 0 Liau h ' -vs tris O Mar 0 0 0
| |
| -3hnis a ! Jul 0 0 0 0 0
| |
| *:re !!r f%:'i''^me 0 0
| |
| 0 0
| |
| Oct Sep 0
| |
| 0 0 L. c!s .wr L. t Ms t achy r 0 0 Sep 0 0 ly *
| |
| * us rs Maine Aug 0 0 0 0 ciry niw 0 0 0 Jul Jul,Aug 0 0 0 Lseinz:his c'liati Jul Aug 0 0 Jun,Jul Jun,Jul L. *e 'ws t ris Jul 0 L. 'a' aria Jul Aug 0 0 0 Jul pthrw- 02: :ria 0 0 0 0 Aug As!az rvj!e>*2 0 0 Jul 0 0 R i!etas a!!a 0 Jul Jul 0 0 0 0 0 M. offi % lis 0 Jun,Jul 0 Jul,Aug Jul.Aug Vi% las M sgens Aug 0 Af,2 f a,; > re rt i. 'e l k *a O Aug sep 0 0 Mcnan!x '.incy ylia A.s 0 0 0 0 Pj:s:* : ex.q i :i.:e 0 0 0 0 May,Jun Nn,the m bis *nis Aug.Sep Jul, \ug Jul 0 Aug,Sep Cs urhizz L*;;is ty ? is 0 0 Ny 0 0 Os % nix ci v m ovl 0 0 0 %y 0 Dr.1:is li:lenii Jun May %v,Jul 0 0 Fani?r eat iliare o Aug Sep o O P. e '.,2n1a ! f r:e Jun 0 0 0 0 P. virg :N9 Aug 0 0 0 0 Fanire op. 0 0 Jun 0 0 Pens te'vn hirsutus 0 0 Jun 0 0 Tenthme sedi ides 0 0 0 0 Jul,Aug F42:aris arurk!im2.v2 0 Jun 0 0 Jun Thlm ; miense 0 Jun-Aug Jul 0 0 Tky t4zur ivrie.7 0 Aug Jul,Sep 0 0 Pi!e2 preiM 0 0 0 Aug,Sep Aug rknt.1p aristata 0 0 Jul 0 0 F. !a nce;!a ta O h y,Jun 0 0 0 0 0 P. -u/cr Aug Aug Jul D f0 i
| |
| C /
| |
| E60235
| |
| ~
| |
| oB9-a _fb s
| |
| _ ) _
| |
| A
| |
| _a
| |
| | |
| 232 Table P-5 (cont.)
| |
| Species ifF SwF TCF SM US11M Iba agressa 0 Jun Jul 0 0 P. Ianguil2 0 0 0 Jun Jun F. pal:.s tria Jul 0 0 0 Jul T. fratensis May,Jun My May 0 0 Poi r J L2 pa rtics ! Za ta O Aug Aug,Sep 0 0 tviyganm arifoli:n 0 0 0 Aug,Sep 0
| |
| ". cilinale Jun,Jul 0 0 0 0 P. hy dxpipercidas 0 0 0 Aug-Oct Jul-sep P. yvnsy!vtmie.pr 0 Aug Sep Sep Sep F. sigittatm Sep 0 0 Aug-Oct Aug,Sep Pq u:ua prm & lentata 0 0 Apr 0 0 P. t re-aloides Apr 0 Apr 0 0 Totentilla nerragim Jun,Aug Jul 0 0 0 P. ein;er May,Jun P.ay , Jun May,Jun 0 0 Tr n.r!!a va;; Iris Aug Jun-Sep Jul-Sep 0 0 Eynn thc-r t>iejini mter 0 0 0 0 Aug Cheret.s ; :laa eds 0 0 0 hy 0 F mw-s:aa abertim.s 0 0 0 Mae O R. t.a:bosas May 0 0 0 0 F. rensy hunicue Aug 0 0 0 Jul,Aug R. re; ens May,Jun 0 0 0 0 Pibs wrieawr 0 0 0 hy 0 trippa s3 lvestris Jun,Jul 0 0 0 0 Pes 2 cultif!cn2 0 Jun 0 0 0 R. 02!astria 0 0 0 Jul 0 7- viejiniana 0 0 Jul 0 0 A.!as 2Ile;&siersis O May Jun Jun 0 R. f!aJs!! aria 0 0 Jun 0 0 Pudesi2 hirta Jun-Aug Jun-Sep Jul,Aug 0 0 P rwr ace t ceel L2
| |
| . May,Jun Ma y- J ul May-Jul 0 0 R. crie;as Jun Jun 0 0 Jun F. d ewifcilas Jun 0 0 0 0 Sigittzria iltifalia 0 0 0 Aag Jul,Aug Sebacus wudensia 0 0 0 Jun Jul Casa 2fece a!bidan 0 0 Ny 0 0 Joierus at m vires 0 0 0 0 Jun.Jul S. ge rim.s 0 0 0 0 Aug
| |
| : 5. tulidus 0 0 0 Jun Jun.Jul Se L yineZ!a reda 0 0 0 0 Sep Setaria fi erii O Aug Aug 0 0 S. pba Aug Aug 0 0 0 lisyrinchim in;wtif3lir Jun Jun 0 0 0
| |
| ^a!ane cardinese Jul,Aug Aug Sep 0 0 E lidap azuimia Aug,Sep Aug-Oct Sep 0 Sep,0ct S. gi; m tea Aug,0ct Aug Aug Aug,0ct Aug S. grueim[0lia Aug,Sep Aug Sep Aug,Sep Aug,Sep Aug,Sep S. 'kneeJ Aug-Oct Jul.Aug Jul-Oct 0 0 S. nev ra!is O Aug-Oct Aug,Sep 0 0 S. rups<2 Sep,0ct Oct Sep Aug-Oc t Sep,0ct Sct;histr:c nutans Sep 0 0 0 0 Qurj ni:ri e:ayarre 0 0 0 Jun Jun.Jul 7(rus2
| |
| * 2!if0 Z ia Aug,Sep Jul Jul,Aug 0 Jul
| |
| ";irm thes cor uz o 0 0 0 Sep iteiIaria TcngifW ia O May,Jun 0 Jun 0 Springz :*u:p zris 0 0 May 0 0 Tanz.me;c officim?e May Apr,May May 0 0 Teucrite c zna fanse 0 Jul,Aug 0 0 0 Th2:ieter pc ygre 0 0 0 Jul 0 The ppteria pa;ustria 0 0 0 Aug,Sep 0 Triadar.i:c vir:inie.r 0 0 0 Jul O TriAet.n2 dichatre 0 0 Au g ,S ep 0 0 Trif?Iiw ajr2ri m 0 Jun,Jul Jul 0 0
| |
| -- arwnse Sep 0 0 0 0
| |
| ?- hybrilm Jun-Aug Jun-Aug 0 0 0
| |
| ", f ruterse - 0 h y-Oct 0 0 0 T. svpew Jun-Aug May-Jul Jun Jul 0 0 hiaJanus gerfJl :ta 0 0 Aug 0 0 qq h: latif;2 sa 0 0 0 Jul 0 LrtiO2 diOix 0 0 0 Aug Jul
| |
| , acinip xry-bce rc 0 0 May Ny 0
| |
| : r. twilla-a 0 0 May 0 0 Ventaem e thr;sia 0 0 Jul 0 0 Ferlena hastze-2 Jul.Aug 0 0 Jun-Sep Jul,Aug v krticif]!ia Aug 0 Sep 0 0 termania cre?crueensia 0 0 0 Aug,Sep Ang,Sep her.mi's awennia 0 0 My 0 0 c'fisiez!ie 0 0 Jun 0 0 OO -
| |
| D 0 oo or ~
| |
| O h. a b. .<.bm e.,o e ,be v
| |
| s a
| |
| +_u_ a
| |
| | |
| 233 Table F-5 (cont .)
| |
| NF SwF TCF SM US11M Species Venmiazatw virginim 0 0 0 0 Jul Viher:ss data ter 0 0 0 Jun Jun Viola m.s;<rea 0 0 0 by 0 0 0 May 0 0 V. fimbriatub May 0 May 0 V. pq i!io w ea May V. torcria May by 0 0 0 0 Jun 0 Vitis 2estivalia 0 0
| |
| 'Most speci.g of C2Nr cannot be identified in flower.
| |
| O'' '~A 7 D 0 aaS T
| |
| ~
| |
| o 'o ~
| |
| 370gg37
| |
| @ 1 3
| |
| a lb- 1]) _ to
| |
| | |
| 234 Table F-6. Parasitic plant diseases observed on salt drift transects at the Susquehanna SES, 1978.
| |
| Names, abbreviations, and locations of transects are given in Table F-1.
| |
| Host Species Disease Location Accr ru! rte 1 Ehyllcaticta miniau RF, GIF, TR41.9, TR438, QSH , CC, TCF (leaf spot)
| |
| A. eaccharin:c F. miniru RF (leaf spot)
| |
| Achillea millefoli:e Erseiphe eichcraccarm TR438, CC (powdery mildew)
| |
| Agrimonia ge:Teceepala E. poly)ani CC (powdery mildew)
| |
| Arbracia artmiaiifolia E. e ch:r xam TR419, TR438, QSH , CC, NV (powderv mildew)
| |
| Aqhicarpa bmeteata E. pcly p ni TR438 (powdery mildew)
| |
| Aria wm tri t hyllum Umsces aritriphylli TR419 (rust)
| |
| Aater div2ricatua Erysi; he eichcraxc.nn QSH (powdery mildew)
| |
| A. ditu.w:ca t wr Cole:aporium solidaginis QSH (rust)
| |
| A. retne-angliae Er eig he cichanxw:e QSH, SvP (powdery mildew)
| |
| A. puniceus E. eichomeearr TR438 (powdery mildew)
| |
| A. siglex E. cichcra-? carum TL 19 TR438, OSH (powdery mildew)
| |
| Eetula lenta Nectria galligena CC (nectria canker)
| |
| Castanea dentata Endcthia p1maitica CC (chestnut blight)
| |
| Catalpa bigncnicides Phyllcaticta catalpae G1F (leaf spot)
| |
| Celtia occidentalis unidentified anthracnose QSH Chrgeantne".c leucanthem:r Eresiihe cichamcecrum QSH (powdery mildew)
| |
| Ccrnua 2":m:c" Esptcria corniccia CS11M (leaf spot)
| |
| Eeemodi:e paniculatum Urmyces helysari-pzniculati TCP (rust)
| |
| E:catorium fistulos:e Erjeiphe eichoncear.c: RF, TCF, t*S 11M (powdery mildew)
| |
| E. rugca:ri E. cichemcear:r QSH (powdery mildew)
| |
| Fm:inus c"ericana Glceceperium aridu~r RF, GIF, TR4 38, QSH, CC (anth racnose)
| |
| Heleni:n aut:enale Ergeiphe eichomecar.r: NT (powdery mildew)
| |
| Eplianthus decqetalus Coleceperi:n helianthi NT (leaf rust)
| |
| Liriodendron tulipifem Msecophaerella liriode>:dri Sv7 gf-! j (leaf spot) => 8 Tanicum sp. Bal.:nsia etmngulane QSH (black-ring)
| |
| | |
| 235 Table F-6 (cont.)
| |
| Host Species Disease Location Podophy1iret peitatu~r 1%ccina poderhy2ii G1F, TR419 (rust)
| |
| Potentilla elmple.r Frtrrwa ob tus: QSH (rust)
| |
| Prunus virginiana Coccongxa lutescens CC (leaf spot)
| |
| Pycnanthem.rr incanum Er.feighe cichcmcear:rt CC (powdery mildew) queret.s alba Gnomoniz quereina TR438 (anthracnose)
| |
| Q. bc 'ealia Microc[haera alni CC (powdery mildew)
| |
| Q. Dorealis Gncetonia quereina CC (anthracnose)
| |
| Rubus allegheniensis Gymocos:ia peckiana QSH (rust)
| |
| R. occidentalia C. peckiana TR419, TR418, QSH (rust)
| |
| Sali.r serice2 Mc M aom bigelouii TR438 (rust)
| |
| Solidaja arjuta Er sig.he cichoracearlem CC (powdery mildew)
| |
| : 5. ccesia Colecepen:n ecli!ay nie OSH (pine needle rust)
| |
| S. caesia Erraiphe ciehancear:r? QSH, CC (powdery mildew) 3- canade nsia : vie: -M:e ecli! ] inia TR419, TR438, NF, TCF (pine needle rust)
| |
| S. Or:alensis Erysir he cichcrace:r:n RF, GIF, TR438. OSH, SwF, TCF, USllM (powdery mildew)
| |
| E. !!e.:-ie:u lie Colecepcri:n c A fil;;in is RF, GIF (pine needle rust)
| |
| S. gigzntea C. ;oliaaginia TCF (pine needle rus t)
| |
| S. gi3ante: Ergei[he etchommar:rt RF, TCF, US11M (powdery mildew)
| |
| S. grwinifolic Flaccaf haem haydeni GIF, TR438, QSH, NF, SwF, TCF, USllM (tar spot)
| |
| R- grrinife!!a Colecepori:rt delicatulurr TR438, NF, US11M (rust)
| |
| S. juncea C. solia2; inia TCF (pine needle rust)
| |
| S. rugosa C. solidaginis CIF, QSH, SwF, TCF, SM (pine needle rust)
| |
| S. rugosa Erysiphe cichomcearin OSH, CC, SwF, US11M (powdery mildew)
| |
| Trifolite ymtense E. polygoni TR438, SwF (powdery mildew)
| |
| Verbena hastata E. cichomxar:e (powdery mildew)
| |
| CSllM $0 V. urtizifolia E. ciehauearr QSH, C:
| |
| (ptwdery mildew)
| |
| Vitis riparia Phyllcaticta sp. TR419 (leaf spot)
| |
| | |
| 236 Table F-7. Vegetation analysis for trees in the Council Cup Forest, 1978.
| |
| SPECIES COK'ON NAME F REQU ENCY FELATIVE DENSITY RELATIV E DOMINANCE RELATIVE IMPORTAN CE FREQUENCY (NO./HA) DENSITY (BA/hA) DOMINANCE VALUE BETUIA LENTA SHEET BIBCH 0.65 22.4 205 33.1 43502 25.9 81.3 QUEFCUS VELUTIN A BIACK OAK 0.45 15.5 105 16.9 22540 13.4 45.9 PINUS STIOBUS WHITE PINE 0 .30 10.3 50 8.1 19474 11.6 30.0 QUEEUS PRINUS ChESTht'r GAK 0.25 8.6 65 10.5 17373 10.3 29.4 CUEKUS AlaA WHITE OAK 0.20 6.9 25 4.0 290'4 17.3 28.2 PIhUS VIRGINI ANA VIEGINI A PINE 0.20 6. 9 55 8.9 18009 10.7 26.5 QUEKUS BOREALIS Rm OAK 0.25 8. 6 30 4.8 4779 2.8 16.3 ACER KBld)M FED MAPLE 0.20 6.9 35 5.6 40 % 2.4 14.9 POPULUS GBANDIDENTATA BIG-TOOTHED ASPEN 0.10 3.4 15 2.4 2721 1.6 7.5 CORNUS FLORID A FLOWERING DGtXXJD 0.05 1.7 10 1.6 2553 1.5 4.9 PYRUS MALUS APPLE 0.05 1.7 5 0.8 1135 0.7 3.2 CARYA CLABRA PIGNL*f HICORY 0.05 1. 7 5 0.8 1135 0.7 3.2 BETULA POPULIFOLI A GRAY BIRCH 0.05 1. 7 5 0.8 884 0.5 3.1 .
| |
| SASSAFhAS ALBIDUM SASSAFFAS 0.05 1.7 5 0.8 565 0.3 2.9 TSUGA CANADENSIS EASTERN HEMLOCK 0.05 1.7 5 0.8 475 0.3 2.6 TOTAL -
| |
| 100.0 620 'CO.0 168165 100.0 300.0 Table F-8. Vegetation analysis for saplings in the Council Cup Fcrest, 1978.
| |
| SPECIES (LMEN SAME F F EQU ENCY PEIATIV E DD.SITY F ELATIV E DOMIN M4CE FELATIVE IMPOirr AN CE FREQUENCY (NO./HA) D EN SITY (B A /BA) DOMI NANCE VALUE BETULA LENTA SWEET BIHCH 0.75 12 . 9 655 27.9 10848 29.4 70.2 ACER WBRUM FED MAPLE 0.75 12.9 570 24.3 7142 19.3 56.6 CUEKUS VELUTIN A BIACF OAK 0.65 11.2 190 8.1 3974 10.8 30.1 QUEKUS BOFEALIS FED OAK 0.65 11.2 190 8.1 3196 8.7 28.0 QUEHCUS PRINUS OtESTNUT CAK 0.45 7.8 225 9.6 3581 9.7 27.1 11NUS STFObuS hHITE PINE 0.45 7.8 110 4.7 1720 4.7 17.1 bETUIA POPULItOLIA GkAY Bli+Ch 0.25 4.3 80 3.4 2050 5.6 13.3 CAhY A TOMEhTOSA MLGERNLT HICKOEY 0.35 6.0 60 2.6 491 1.3 9.9 QUEKUS ALBA W11TE OAK 0 .30 5. 2 55 2.3 581 1.6 9.1 CAhYA GLAbbA PIGtCT HICORY 0.25 4.3 30 1.3 68 3 1. 9 7.4 CORNUS FLORIDA F LOWEFING DOGd)CD 0.20 3. 4 50 2.1 397 1.1 6.7 BLACK CHEsiFY 0.15 2.6 35 1.5 302 0.8 4.9 PRUNUS SEIOTINA S AS$AF hAS ALBIDUM SASSAFliAS 0.15 2.6 20 0.9 365 1.0 4.4 AMELAhCHIEF AFBCIEA SHAD-BUSH 0.15 2.6 20 0.9 149 0.4 3.8 PRUNUS FLNSYL'v ANICA PIN CHERRY 0.10 1. 7 10 0.4 Sb9 1.5 3.7 TSUJA CANADEhSIS EASTEEN HEMLOCE 0.05 0.9 20 0.9 '20 1.7 3.4 CAST AhEA DENTATA APIBICAN CHESTSUT 0.10 1.7 20 0.9 59 0.2 2.7 KELLLS GEANDIDENT ATA BI(r-TO(7fhED ASf'EN 0.05 0.9 5 0.2 192 0.5 1.6 TC71AL - 100.0 2345 100.0 36921 100.0 330.0
| |
| $707A0
| |
| | |
| 237 Table F-9. Vegetation analysis for tree seedlings in the Council Cup Forest, 1978.
| |
| SPECIES (DMt0N hAME F REQU ENCY REIATIVE DENSITY RELATIV E DOMINANCE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE FREQUENCY (NO./HA) DENSITY (% (DVER) DOMINANCE VALUE ACER RUBFUM RfD #1APLE 0.48 27.1 9250 35 . 9 1.75 23.3 86.3 IllCNUS SEIOTINA BIACK CHERRY 0.35 20.0 6000 23.3 1.18 15.6 58.9 RID OAK 0.23 12.9 1500 5.8 1.08 14.3 33.0 QUEICUS BOREALIS 9.0 28.2 QUEICUS VELI.TTIN A BLACK OAK 0.20 11.4 2000 7.8 0.68 ChESIWT OAK 0.15 8.6 2000 7.8 0.45 6.0 22.3 QUEfCUS PRINUS 8.6 14.4 CASTANus DENTATA AMERICAN CHESTNUT 0.05 2.9 750 2.9 0.65 SWEET BIICH 0.05 2.9 1250 4.9 0.40 5.3 13.0 BETULA LEhTA WHITE ASH 0.05 2.9 50 0 1.9 0.48 6.3 11.1 trax 1NLS AMERICAN A SASSAF'dAS ALDIDU M SASSAFRAS 0.05 2.9 1000 3.9 0.20 2.7 9.4 WHITE PINE 0.03 1.4 250 1.0 0 . 30 4.0 6.4 PINUS SrHOBJS WHITE OAK 0.05 2.9 0 0.0 0.20 2.7 5.5 QUEICOS ALBA 4.7 NPULUS TEEMJLOIDES QUAKING ASPEN 0.03 1. 4 7 50 2.9 0.03 0. 3 CMiYA GLABRA PIGNUT HIC 10RY 0.03 1. 4 250 1.0 0.13 1. 7 4.1 CRATIEGUS SP. HAWrh0RNE 0.03 1.4 2 50 1.0 0.03 0.3 2.7
| |
| - 100.0 25750 100.0 7.53 100.0 300.0 TOTAL Table F-IO. Vegetation analysis fer shrubs. herbs, and ground cover in the Louncil Cup Forest, 1978.
| |
| SPEC 1LS COMMON hAME FREQUENCY F ELA 11 = u whq% RELATIVE IME CP*hE f REQUENCY (1 COVEli) DOMINANCE VALUE SukUBS VACCIh!UM V ACILLANS LCh-BUSH BLUEBERRY 0.58 48.9 10.28 54.1 10 3.0 K ALMI A IATIFOLI A MOUNT AIN LAUFEL 0.20 17.0 4.28 22.5 39.5 kHODODENDKJN ICDIFLCi4JM PINX1ER-FLChER 0.13 10.6 2.00 10.5 21.2 NiUS hADICANS PC13Oh IVY 0.13 10.6 1.08 5.7 16.3 hUbCS AL11GHthlE2. SIS bLAC KBER RY 0.05 4.3 0.45 2.4 6.6 PARTHENOCISSUS 2UINQUEFOLIA VIRGINIA CREEPEk 0.05 4. 3 0.18 0.9 5. 2 V!dUhNUM ACERIFOLIUM MAPLE-LEAF VIBU RNUM 0.03 2.1 0.40 2.1 4.2 KAI.MI A M GUSTIFCLI A SHEEP LACEEL 0.03 2.1 0.35 1.8 4.0 hEkBS LYCOPW10M FLABELLIFORME GROUND PINE 0.33 29.5 6.75 43.7 73.2 AkALIA NUDICAULIS wilII SAFSAPAFILIA 0.15 13.6 3.90 25.2 38.9 DENNST AEDT1m P L hCTIIDBU IA HAY-bCENTED FERN 0.08 6.8 2.48 16.0 22.8 LYSIMACHI A QUADii1FOLI A WHORLED LCOSESTHIFE 0.10 9.1 0.53 3.4 12.5 POLYGALA PAUC1f0LIA FRINGED POLE;ALA 0.08 6.8 0.55 3.6 10.4 4AI ANTHENUM CANADEhSE WILD LILY-OF-ThE-VALLEY 0.08 6.8 0.50 3.2 10.1 JAULTHEFIA PIOCUMBENS WINTERGREEN 0.05 4. 5 0 . 10 0.6 5.2 Moh0TIOFA UNIFLOl<A INDIAN PIPE 0.05 4.5 0.00 0.5 5.0 DESCHAMPSI A FLEXUOSA HAI NGli ASS 0.03 2.3 0.15 1.0 3.2 G RASS (UN ID EN'IIFI ED ) - 0.03 2.3 0.15 1.0 3.2 FYMOLA ELLIPTICA S h1NLEAF 0.03 2.3 0.10 0.6 2.9 MELAMPYhCM L1hEAFE COW-WHEAT 0.03 2.3 0.05 0.3 2.6 AITCHELIA REPILS PARTkI DGE-BE RRY 0.03 2. 3 0.05 0.3 2.6 MEDEDLA VikGINI ANA INDIAN CUCUMBER 0.03 2. 3 0.03 0.2 2.4 DHYOPTERIS MARGIN ALIS MARGINAL WOOD FERN 0.03 2.3 0.03 0.2 2.4 FRENANThES ALBA TALL WHITE LETTUCE 0.03 2.3 0.03 0.2 2.4 GROUhD (INER LIT 1ER - 1.00 69.0 97.35 98.0 167.0 KOCK - 0.23 15.5 1.18 1.2 16.7 40SS -
| |
| 0.15 10.3 0.63 0.6 11.0 BARE SOIL - 0.08 5.2 0.20 0.2 5. 4 D 9 0 C M Ll
| |
| _ e awwWA g._.)_g[U 0
| |
| o E _ ) _ I_ "3 ILa
| |
| | |
| 238 Table F-11. Comparison of trees (number of stems) in the Council Cup Forest, 1977-78.
| |
| hUMBER OF STEMS SIECIES COMMOh NAME 1977 1978 F V ALUE BETULA LENTA SHEET BIRCH 45 41 1.19 LUEh0JS VELUT1hA BLACE CAK 11 21 5.76*
| |
| GUERGJS PRlh0S CHESTNUT OAR 13 13 0.00 FIhbS VIkGINIAhA VikCINIA PINE 8 11 ".46 PIMJ S St hCBU S hMITE PINE 10 10 0.28
| |
| ~
| |
| ACER kUBRUM RED MAPLE 8 1.00 CUEROJS BORLALIS RED OAK 9 6 0.11 QUEROJS AISA WHITE CAE 3 5 2.11 POPULUS Gi AhD1 DENT ATA BIG-TOOTHED ASPEN 3 3 0.00 CORNUS FLOh!O A FLOhERING DOGM)CD 3 2 1.00 BETULA POPULa'OLIA GRAY BIRCH 0 1 1.00 FYkUS MALUS APPLE 1 1 0.00 SASSAFRAS ALB1 dim SASSAFRAS 1 1 0.00 CAkYA GLABkA PIGNUT HICKORY l 1 0.00 TSUGA CANACEhSIS EA ST ERN HEMLOCK 1 1 0.00
| |
| * -SIGN IFICAhT At P<=0. 0 5
| |
| **-SIGNIFICAhT AT P<=0.01 Table F-12. Comparison of saplings (number of stems) in the Council Cup Forest, 1977-78 hDFBER CF STEMS SPECIES CX)MM0h NAME 1977 1978 F VALUE BETULA LENTA SHEET BIRCH 1 31 131 0.04 ACEh kubhuM REC MAPL E 133 114 8.92**
| |
| QLEkCUS PRINUS CHESThuf CAK 55 45 2.23 LLEELUS VELLTINA ELACE OAK 36 36 1.07 GLEECUS BCHEALIS REE OAK 57 38 3.35 Eth0S S1kOBUS hh1TL PINE 24 22 0.81 bE1LLA PGIULIFOLIA GhAY BIECu 27 16 5.91*
| |
| LAhYA TOMEh10SA MOCELEhuT h1CEOEY 0 12 9.71**
| |
| CLEbtOS ALBA hh1TE CAF 20 11 0.68 COkhuS FLOk1DA FLOhEEthG LCCKOD 10 10 0.00 EkUhuS SEEOT1hA ELACK CHEbhY 9 7 0.25 CARIA GLABRA PIGhU1 h1CEORY 15 6 4.98*
| |
| TSI'GA CAhADLhSIS EASTEkN HEMLOCK 4 4 0.00 CMTAhEA LENTATA AMEb1CAN CHESTNUT 2 4 0.34 AhELANCHIER ARBGkEA SHAD-bush 3 4 1.00 SASSAFRAS ALBILUh SAbSAFRAS 6 4 1.96 PhuhDS PtJiSYLV Ah1CA P1h CHEFRY 3 2 1.00 POEULUS GkAhD1 DENT ATA BIG-TOC 1hED ASPEN O 1 1.00 P1hCS VIEGIh1AhA VihG1h1A PINE 3 0 2.00 PRAXIhUS AMERICAhA hMITE ash 3 0 3.35
| |
| * -SIGNIFICAh1 AT P<=0.0 5
| |
| * *-S IGN IFI CAh1 AT P< =0.01
| |
| | |
| 239 Table F-13. Comparison of shrubs, herbs, and ground cover (t cover) in the Council Cup Forest, 1977-78.
| |
| t COVER SPLCILS COMMOh hAME 1977 1978 F VALUE Shbub5 V ACCIhlbh V ACILLANS LCh-BUSH BLLEEEkBY 8.15 10.28 9. 2 2*
| |
| * kALh1A LA1110LIA MOUhT AIN LAUEEL 3.33 4.26 2.33 Rh0000 LhC kch htLIfLCbtM EIhx1LF-FLLhEh 1.33 2.00 1.96 kHUS EACICANL FC150h Ivi 0.36 1.08 4.59*
| |
| hubuh ALLEGhthIthSIS B L A C EB L E R Y 0.13 0.45 1.58 VIbLbhlh ACLElfCLILM MA E L E-LE At' VIbu kh LM 0.38 0.40 0.00 RALhI A AhGU5116 CLI A ShLEF LAUFLL U.00 0.35 1.00 FAEThEhCLIS505 GLIhGLEICLIA VIEGIh1A CEEEFEg r.03 0.18 1.59 HLMS LYLCF001Lh tLABELLItohML GROUND PINE 4.58 6.75 5.43*
| |
| AEALI A hlLICALLIb blLD SAhSAPAh1LLA 2.80 3.90 3.09 LLhhb1 ALL11 A FUNCTILCbCLA HAY-SCLhTEC EEEN 1.28 2.48 1. 30 FCLiGALA FAUCIECLIA FEIhCLD ECL) MLA 0.18 0.55 1.65 LiSIhACh1 A (.LALblt LLI A hhO} LED LOCSLSTb1EE 0.06 0.53 2.68 MAI ANThthUM LAh ALEhEE h1LD LILY-OE-ThE-VALLEY C.25 0.50 3.01 GFASS(Lh1DENIIIIEE) - 0.03 0.15 1.00 CES ui AkkSI A E LLAUCSA hAIRGbASS 0.08 0.15 1.00 GAUL1hEblA FkCCLMbEh5 hIhTEEGEELh 0.03 0.10 1.00 FYhCLA .LLIFTICA SHIhLEAF 0.05 0.10 0.28 MCh0TP FA Uhlt LORA INDIAh PIFE 0.00 0.08 2.11 MIIthiwLA htFLh5 F A FT EID GL-B E E R Y 0.03 0.05 0.00 MLLAMF 4 blM LIhEAFL CCh-h tiLAT 0.00 0.05 1.00 LEYOk1 Eh15 EAh61hALIS MARGINAL h0CD PEbh 0.00 0.03 1.00 MLLEGLA VIhGINI AhA IhLI AN CU CU MB E k O.03 0.03 0.00 EhthAhihth ALB A T ALL hh1TE LETTULL 0.03 0.03 0.00 GALILM CIkCALI AhS BEL 51 bah 0.03 0.00 1.00 CnIFAthILI A hACULATA SFOTTLD hlhTEkGaf Eh 0.05 0.00 2.11 CAbLA ShAhNII SEDGL 0.03 0.00 1.00 Gh0UhD COVLb L111LE - 97.80 97.35 0.60 kcLk -
| |
| 0.88 1.18 1.45 MOSS -
| |
| 0.55 0.63 1.87 babL S01L -
| |
| 0.33 0.20 0.09
| |
| * -SILh 1FICAhT lT F(= 0.0 5
| |
| * *-SIG IF I CAh1 AT F< = 0. 01 Table F-14. Vegetation analysis for trees in the TR419 Forest, 1978.
| |
| SPECIES (DMK24 NAME F REQU ENCY REIATIVE DENSITY RELATIVE DOMINANCE REIATIVE IMPORTANCE FREQUENCY (NO. /11A) DENSITY (BA/HA) DOMINANCE VALUE QUEICUS VELUTINA BIACK OAK 0.58 17.3 129 20.9 81380 35.9 74.1 PINUS VIRGINIANA VIRGINI A PINE 0.38 11.1 104 16.9 44908 19.8 47.8 CORNUS FI4RIDA FI4hERING DOGdOOD 0.50 14.8 96 15.5 10661 4.7 35.1 PINUS STN@US WHITE PINE 0.25 7.4 63 10.1 16834 7.4 25.0 ACER R.;BRUM RED MAPLE 0.29 8.6 50 8.1 15004 6.6 23.4 QUERCUS PRINUS CHESTNITF OAK 0.33 9.9 38 6.1 11202 4.9 20.9 PRUNUS SEIOTINA BIACK CHERRY 0.21 6.2 38 6.1 12000 5.3 17.5 CARYA TOPENTOSA ECKEINtTF HICKORY 0.21 6.2 25 4.1 4866 2.1 12.4 FRAXINUS AMERICAN A WHITE ASH 0.17 4.9 17 2.7 5524 2.4 10.1 QUEICUS ALBA WHITE OAK 0.08 2.5 8 1.4 9248 4.1 7.9 EEUNUS AVIUM SWEL'? CHERRY 0.08 2.5 8 1.4 3943 1.7 5.6 TSUGA CANADENSIS EASTERN HEMLOCK 0.04 1.2 8 1.4 3943 1. 7 4.3 PYRUS MALUS APPLE 0.04 1.2 8 1.4 2137 0.9 3.5 BE'fULA POPULIFOLIA GRAY BIRCH 0.04 1.2 8 1.4 1289 0.6 3.2 LIRI(EENDION TULTP!FERA TULIP-TREE 0.04 1.2 4 0.7 2212 1.0 2.9 SASSAFRAS AlaIDUM SASSAFRAS 0.04 1.2 4 0.7 641 0.' 2.2 CRATAEGUS SP. HAWTHORNE 0.04 1. 2 4 0.7 553 0.2 2.2 CARYA GLABRA PIGNUT HICRDRY 0.04 1.2 4 0.7 327 0.1 2.1 total -
| |
| 100.0 617 100.0 226667 100.0 300.0 l
| |
| | |
| 240 Table F-15. Vegetation analysis for saplings in the TR419 Forest, 1978.
| |
| SPECIES (DMPON NAE FREQU ENCY RI2.ATIVE DENSITY RELATIV E DOMINANCE REIATIVE IMPORT 7HCE FREQUENCY (NO./HA) DENSITY (BA/HA) DOMINANCE VALUE CORNUS FLORIDA FLOWERING DOG #0(D 0.83 23.8 533 44.1 14227 54.1 122.1 QUERCUS VE2,UTINA BLACK OAK 0.38 10.7 1% 16.2 3397 12.9 39.8 ACER RUBRUM RED MAPLE 0.53 16.7 104 8.6 1947 7.4 32.7 CARYA TOElfrOSA MO '.ERNtfr HICKORit 0.33 9.5 83 6.9 2 206 8.4 24.8 BETUIA POPULIFOLIA GRAY BIRCH 0.13 3.6 67 5.5 841 3.2 12.3 CARYA GLABRA PIQ4JT HICO RY 0 .17 4.8 38 3.1 1057 4.0 11.9 CRATAEGUS SP. HAWTHORNE 0.21 6.0 42 3.4 383 1.5 10.9 PRUNUS SE30 TINA BIACK CHERRY 0 .13 3. 6 21 1.7 429 1.6 6.9 QUEICUS ALBA WHITE OAK 0.13 3.6 21 1.7 259 1.0 6.3 FRAKINUS AMERICANA WHITE ASH 0. 13 3.6 21 1.7 144 0.5 5.8 PINUS VIRGINI ANA VIRGINIA PINE 0.08 2.4 17 1.4 527 2.0 5.8 QUEEUS PRINUS CHESTNL7r OAK 0. 13 3.6 21 1.7 88 0.3 5.6 AMELANCHIER ARBOEA SHAD-BUSH 0.08 2.4 21 1.7 219 0.8 4.9 QUEICUS BOREALIS RED OAK 0.08 2.4 8 0.7 173 0.7 3.7 FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA AERICAN BEEQi 0.08 2.4 8 0.7 43 0.2 3.2 PINUS STICBUS WHITE PINE 0.04 1.2 8 0.7 347 1. 3 3.2 TUTAL - 100.0 1208 100.0 26285 100.0 300.0 Table F-16. Vegetation analysis for tree seedlings in the TR419 Forest, 1978.
| |
| SPECIES (DMPON NAME FREQU EfCY REIATIVE DENSITY RELATIVE DOMINANCE REIATIVE IMPORTANCE FREQUENCY (NO./H A) DENSITY (t (DVER) DOMINANCE VALUE CORNUS FLORIDA FLOWERING DOGWOOD 0.54 18.4 16250 18.4 4.52 31.3 68.1 FRA11NUS AMERION A WHITE ASH 0.48 16.3 32708 36.9 1.52 10.5 63.8 PRUNUS SEICTINA BIACK CHERRY 0.54 18.4 13750 15.5 2.04 14.1 48.1 ACER RUBRUM RED MAPLE 0.48 16.3 9375 10.6 2.08 14.4 41.3 SASSAFRAS AIBIDUM SASSAFRAS 0.25 8.5 6042 6.8 1.04 7.2 22.5 QUEICUS VELUTINA BIACK OAK 0.15 5.0 1250 1.4 1.25 8.6 15.0 QUEICUS PRINUS CHESINtfr CAK 0.10 3.5 833 0.9 0.90 6.2 10.7 fitUNUS AVIUM SWEEr CHERRY 0.15 5.0 3125 3.5 0.23 1.6 10.1 BETULA LENTA SWEET BIIci 0.02 0.7 2292 2.6 0.46 3.2 6.5 AMEIANCHIER ARBOEA SHAD-BUSH 0.10 3.5 1250 1.4 0.15 1.0 6.0 BETUIA POPULIFG.IA GRAY BIRCH 0.04 1.4 833 0.9 0.13 0.9 3.2 CRATAEGUS SP. HAWTHORNE 0.04 1.4 417 0.5 0.06 0.4 2.3 CARYA TOENTOSA MDCKERNL?r HICKORY 0.02 0.7 208 0.2 0.06 0.4 1.4 PINUS VIRGINIANA VIRGINI A PINE 0.02 0.7 208 0.2 0.02 0.1 1.1 nyrAL - 100.0 88541 100.0 14.46 100.0 300.0
| |
| | |
| 241 Table F-17. Vegetation analysis for shrubs, herbs, and ground cover in the TR419 Forest, 1978.
| |
| SPECIES COMPON hAME FFEQU ENCY RELATIVE DOMINANCE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE Fh!QUENCY (% CDVER) DOMINAhCE VALUE SHICB S PARTHLtOCISSUS QUINQUEFOLIA VIRGINIA CREEPER 0.42 25.3 2.27 16.8 42.1 WBUS ALLE@ENIENSIS BLACKBERRY 0.29 17.7 3.06 22.6 40.3 VACX'INIUM VAC3LLINS LOW-BUSH BLUEBERRY 0.19 11.4 2.83 20.9 32.3 VITIS AESTIV ALIS SUMMER GRAPE 0.25 15.2 0.71 5.2 20.4
| |
| %ACCINIUM STAMINEUM DEEPBIRRY 0.08 5.1 1.90 14.0 19.1 LIhDERA BENZOIN SPICEBUSH 0.17 10.1 1.17 8.6 18.7 IWUS RADICANS POISON IVY 0.13 7.6 0.94 6.9 14.5 VIBUmtM ACERIFSLIUM MAPLE-LEAF VIBURNUM 0.06 3.8 0. 58 4.3 8.1 VIBUI6LM DENTRIt 9 AREMOCD 0.02 1.3 0.04 0.3 1.6 RHUS TYPHINA STACHORN SUMAC 0.02 1.3 0.02 0.2 1.4 BERBERIS TIUbB ERGII JAPANESE BARBERRY 0.02 1.3 0.02 0.2 1. 4 HEkBS DEhhSTAEI7t! A PUNCTILCBUIA HAY-SCENTED FERN 0.06 2.6 3.60 23.8 26.4 CAREX SWANNII SEDGE 0.38 15.4 0.92 6.1 21.4 PILEA PLMILA CLEAWEED 0.08 3.4 1.25 8.3 11.7 EOrENTILIA SIMPLEX CIhQUEFOIL 0.06 2.6 1.19 7.9 10.4 SOLIDAGD CAESI A BLUE-STEMMED CDLDENIOD 0. 15 6.0 0.33 2.2 8.2 UVUIARIA SESSILIFOLIA SESSILE-LEAVED BE2rDORT 0.13 5.1 0.35 2.3 7.5 IANTHCh!A SPICATA POVElrrY CATGRASS 0.06 2.6 0.60 4.0 6.6 LYCOPODIUM FLABELLIF0 fee GROUND PINE 0.06 2.6 0.56 3.7 6.3 PANICUM SPP. FANIC-GRASS 0.08 3.4 0.33 2.2 5. 6 GEUM CAhADEhSE AVEhS 0.06 2.6 0.44 2.9 5.5 ASTEk DIVARICA1'JS WHITE WOD ASIER 0.06 2.6 0.40 2.6 5.2 CIRCAEA QUALRISJIDATA ENCHANTER NIGTSHADE 0.02 0.9 0.63 4.1 5.0 EIJPATCRIUM RUCDSUM WHITE ShAKEf00r 0.04 1.7 0.44 2.9 4.6 POLYGONUM VIEGINIANUM VITOINI A KNC1%EED 0.06 2.6 0.27 1.8 4.4 GALIUM APARINE CLEAVERS 0.04 1.7 0.40 2.6 4.3 ECLYSTICWM ACIOSTICHOIDES CHRISTMAS FERN 0.04 1.7 0.27 1.8 3.5 MAI ANTHENUM CANADEN6E WILD LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY 0.06 2.6 0.13 0.8 3.4 SOLIDAGD RUGDSA IOUGH GOLDEhlOD 0.04 1.7 0.25 1. 7 3.4 LYSIMAWI A QUADRIFOLIA WHORIED LOOSESTRIFE 0.02 0.9 0.38 2.5 3.3 IHYTOIACCA AMERICANA PCEEW EED 0.06 2.6 0.10 0.7 3. 3 MOND1ROPA Uh1 FIDIA INDIAN PIPE 0.06 2.6 0.10 0.7 3.3 LE.SMODIUM NUDIFLOICM TICE-TREF 0IL 0.06 2.6 0.08 0.6 3.1 IMPAT!unS BIFIORA JEMEIbiEED 0.04 1.7 0.21 1.4 3.1 GALIt.N CIRCAEZ ANS BEDSTRAh 0.04 1.7 0.19 1.2 2.9 ELMEX ACETOSEI,IA SHEEP SOBREI, 0.02 0.9 0.31 2.1 2.9 INUIARIA PERFOLIATA FERFOLIATE bel % ORT 0.04 1.7 0.13 0.8 2.5 JLNCUS TENUIS FATH RUSH 0.04 1.7 0.13 0.8 2.5 VIOLA COhSPERSA AMERICAN DOG-VIOLET 0.02 0.9 0.25 1.7 2.5 CUh!LA ORIGANOIDES DIITANY 0.04 1.7 0.06 0.4 2.1 bEhoh!CA SERPYLLIFCLIA S PEEDhEIL 0.04 1.7 0.04 0.3 2.0 ASPLEh!UM PIATYNEUiON EBOhY SELEINWJRT 0.04 1.7 0.04 0.3 2.0 CHIMAPHILIA MACJIATA SPOTTED hlh1ERCREEN 0.04 1.7 0.04 0.3 2.0 TAhAXACUM OFFICINALE DANCELION 0.04 1.7 0.04 0.3 2.0 ICLYGGhtM PERSICARI A SMARThEED 0.02 0.9 0.15 1. 0 1.8 SMILACINA RACLESA f ALSE SOLCMAN'S SEAL 0.02 0.9 0.08 0.6 1.4 POLYGOhUM SCANDEhS FALSE BUCFW EAT 0.02 0.9 0.06 0.4 1.3 HIERACILM PRATENSE HAWKWEED 0.02 0.9 0.06 0.4 1.3 CAREX FOSEA SEDGE 0.02 0.9 0.04 0.3 1.1 RANUNQJES ARBOPTIVUS KIDhEYLEAT BUTTEROJP 0.02 0.9 0.04 0. 3 1.1 OXALIS DaLLENII YELIDh WOCD !DRIEL 0.02 0.9 0.04 0.3 1.1 ATHYRIUM FILIX-FEMINA LADY FEIN 0.02 0.9 0.04 0.3 1.1 ABIEAEMA ThlPHYLIUM JACE-IN-THE-PUISIT 0.02 0.9 0.02 0.1 1.0 BCrrkYCHIUM DISEECTUM GRAPE FERN 0.02 0.9 0.02 0.1 1.0 KRIGI A VIRGINICA ChARF CANCELIm 0.02 0.9 0.02 0.1 1.0 GRASS (UNIDENTIFIED) - 0.02 0.9 0.02 0.1 1.0 IFYOPIERIS SPINUIDSA SPINUIDSE WOD FERN 0.02 0.9 0.02 0.1 1.0 VIOIA PAPILIWACEA COMPON BLUE VIOLET 0.02 0.9 0.02 0.1 1.0 CAREX PEhSYLVANICA SEDGE 0.02 0.9 0.02 0.1 1.0 GROJhD COVER L111ER - 1.00 53.9 91. % 93.6 147.6 NOCK - 0.31 16.9 1.40 1.4 18.3 MOSS - 0.27 14.6 2.65 2.7 17.3 BARE SOIL - 0.27 14.6 2.21 2.2 16.9 fuG245
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| 242 Table F-18. Comparison of trees (number of stems) in the TR419 Forest. 1977-78.
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| hUteER OF STEMS SPECILS W hMCN hAME 1977 1978 F WALUE CULFCUS V LLU11hA BLACE GAK 27 31 4.25 FIh05 VIkGIh! AkA VIECIh1A PIhE 28 25 1.91 COkhCS FLCh1DA FLChtkING LC0h00D 18 23 0.90 PIhb5 S1h0 BUS hh1TE PINE 13 15 1.90 ACLB kU B E M RED hAPLE 12 12 0.05 QULbQ S Phlhb5 CHEST %UT oak 10 9 0.00 Phbh0S SEbOTIhA BLACK CHEERY 8 9 1.00 CAhYA TCMLhTOSA MOCEkhUT HICKORY 6 6 0.00 FRAAlhb5 AMLh1CAhA hMITE ASH 3 4 1.00 ELILLA POPULIF GLI A GRAY BIRCH 2 2 0.00 kikUS AALUS AFFLL 3 2 1.00 PkUh0S AVIUM SHEET CHEhaY 2 2 0.00 TSUGA CAhADENSIS LASTERN dEhLOCK 2 2 0.00 GUEbw S AIEA kHlTL CAK 2 2 0.00 CkATALGUS SF. HAhTHOhhE O 1 1.00 LIh10CLhCh0h ILLIPIFERA T U LIF-T E EE 1 1 0.00 CAkYA CLAbhA PIGhUT HICKORY 1 1 0.00 SASSAFkAS ALBIDUM SA S SA F RAS 1 1 0.00
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| * -SI GN II I CAh1 At P(=0.0 5
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| **-SIGhlFICAh1 AT F(=0.01 Table F-19. Comparison of saplings (number of stems) in the TR419 Forest, 1977-78.
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| hUMBER CF STEMS SFLCILS COMMOh hA Fl. 1977 1978 F VALUE COhhbS &LGhlDA F L0hthlhG D0GMOD 136 128 0.08 (UtblUd VLLU11hA B LACh oak 50 47 0.14 ALLk huBKh RED FAPLE 16 25 4.23 CAhYA 10MLh1CSA HOCFEbh0T HICh0 RY 19 20 0.05 bLiULA FGPULIFCLIA GhAY ulkCH 11 16 1.96 ChATALGUS SF. HAhTh0hhE 6 10 3.10 LAkYA GLABhA PIGhul HICEGkY 9 9 0.03 EkUhb5 SEbOT1hA SLACK CHLEH1 8 5 1.22 t hAFIhUS AhLk1CAhA hMITE ash 1 5 1.86 AMELAhCHILE AEbChEA S HAD-BU S H 4 5 0.05 (ULbwS PhlhDS CHES1 NUT OAK 6 5 1.00 CLLECUS ALBA WHITE OAK 5 5 0.28 FIhCS VIhCIh1AhA VIECINIA PIhE 7 4 2.66 GUEEUUS bCELALIS RED CAA 2 2 0.00 F AGJS CEAhDIFCLI A AMERICAN BEECH 2 2 0.00 f!hDS STROBUS hMITE PINE 1 2 1.00 SASSAFEAS ALBICUM SASSAFRAS 1 0 1.00
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| * -SIGN IFICAhT Al F< = 0. 0 5
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| * *-51GN IF ICAhT AT P< =0.01 Q' .0 0 4
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| %# U . b
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| 243 Table F-20. Vegetation analysis for trees in the Quarry Hillside Forest, 1978.
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| CDMPON NAME FRQUENCY REIATIVE DmSITY RELATIVE DOMINANCE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE SPECIES DOMINANCE VALUE FREQUENC' (NO./HA) DENSITY (BA/HA) 0.67 20.0 167 25.5 49296 27.6 73.1 QUEICUS VE34 TINA BLACK OAK 11.9 43.2 WHITE ASH 0.53 16.0 100 15.3 21284 FRAXINUS AMERICAN A 12.4 38.6 CHESTNUT OAK 0.47 14.0 80 12.2 22174 OtEICUS PRINUS 73 11.2 13713 7.7 28.9 ACER RUBRUM PID MAPLE 0.33 10.0 kED OAK 0.33 10.0 53 8.2 11948 6.7 24.8 QUEICUS BOREALIS 33 5.1 17127 9.6 18.7 TILI A AMERICANA BASSW OD 0.13 4.0 14.9 0.13 4.0 33 5.1 10362 5.8 PINUS VIRGINI ANA VIRGINI A PINE 6.4 11.5 AERICAN ELM 0.07 2.0 20 3.1 11477 ULMUS AERICANA 2314 1. 3 9.4 FLOhERING DOGOOD 0.13 4.0 27 4.1 CORNUS FLOFJDA 1.2 POPULUS GRANDIDENTATA BIG-1DOTHED ASPEN 0.07 2.0 13 2.0 2204 5.3 0.07 2.0 13 2.0 1932 1.1 5.1 BETULA LENTA SWELT BIRCH 5.0 MDCKERNUT HICKORY 0.07 2.0 7 1.0 3540 2.0 CARYA TOMEN'IOSA 1.8 PRUNUS AVIUM SHEET CHERRY 0.07 2.0 7 1.0 3272 4.8 0.07 2.0 7 1.0 2770 1.5 4.6 PRUNUS SEIOTINA BIACK CHERRY 4.2 0.07 2.0 7 1.0 20 94 1.2 CELTIS OCCIDINTALIS HACKBERRY 1.0 16 % 0.9 4.0 SASSAFRAS 0.07 2.0 7 SASSAFRAS AIAIDUM 1696 0.9 4.0 SHAGBARK HICKORY 0.07 2.0 7 1.0 CARYA OVATA
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| - 100.0 653 100.0 178895 100.0 300.0 TUTAL Table F-21. Vegetation analysis for saplings in the Quarry Hillside Forest, 1978.
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| CDMP0N NAME FRQU ENCY REIATIVE DENSITY RII.ATIN E DOMINANCE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE SPECIES DOMINANCE V ALUE FREQUENCY (NO./HA) DENSITY (BA/HA) 0.73 16.4 707 42.4 9570 27.2 86.0 CORNUS FLORIDA FlohERitC DOCMOCD RID MAPLE 0.47 10.4 200 12.0 5403 15.4 37.8 ACER IEJBRUM 17.1 37.1 WHITE ASH 0.47 10.4 160 9.6 6000 FRAX1NUS AERICAN A 11.3 32.5 RID OAK 0.47 10.4 180 10.8 3964 QUEICUS BOREALIS 6.0 3477 9.9 23.3 CHESIMJT OAK 0.33 7.5 100 QUERCUS PRINUS 4.8 2450 7. 0 20 .7 BIACK OAK 0.40 9. 0 80 QUERCUS VELUTINA 4.4 1340 3.8 15.7 CARYA TOMEtfrOSA MDCKEFNUT HICKURY 0.33 7.5 73 VIRGINI A PINE 0.20 4.5 27 1.6 429 1.2 7.3 PINUS VIRGIN 1ANA 2.7 7.3 UIMUS AERICAN A AMERICAN EIM 0. 13 3.0 27 1.6 953 SASSAFRAS 0.13 3.0 20 1.2 7 23 2.1 6.2 SASSAFRAS AIAIDUM 4.7 TILIA AMERICANA BASSWDCD 0.13 3.0 20 1.2 188 0.5 0.13 3.0 20 1.2 12 6 0.4 4.5 CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS HACKBERRY SHAD-BUSH 0. 13 3.0 13 0.8 105 0.3 4.1 AMEIANCHIER ARBOBEA 52 0.1 3.9 PRUNUS VIRGINIANA CHOKE CHERRY 0.13 3.0 13 0.8 0.13 3.0 13 0.8 10 0.0 3.8 PRUNUS SE10 TINA BIACK CHERRY 2.8 BIG-TOOTHED ASPEN 0.07 1. 5 7 0.4 335 1.0 POPUIAJS GRANDIDENTATA 0.1 2.0 CARYA OVATA SHAGBARK HICKORY 0.07 1.5 7 0.4 47
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| - 100.0 1667 100.0 35173 100.0 300.0 TUTAL a-il
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| 244 Table F-22. Vegetation analysis for tree seedlings in the Quarry Hillside Forest, 1978.
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| SPECIES CAGON hAME FREQU ENCY RELATIVE CENSITY R ELATIV E DOMINMCE RELATIVE IWORTM CE FREQUENCY (NO./H A) DENSITY (% COVER) DOMIhANCE VALUE E kAXINUS AMERIGN A WHITE ASH 0.37 17.5 37000 49.3 1.80 19.9 86.7 Colo.US FLOkIDA FIOhERING DOGWOOD 0.20 9.5 10000 13.3 2.47 27.3 50.2 ACER NJBRUM RED MAPLE 0.33 15.9 8000 10.7 0.67 7.4 33.9 fichus SEIOTIhA BIACK CHERRY 0.20 9.5 3667 4.9 0.47 5. 2 19.6 SASSAthAS AL81DUM SA'sSAFRAS 0. 20 9.5 4667 6.2 0.33 3.7 19.4 QUEICUS BOFEALIS RfD OAK 0.17 7.9 2667 3.6 0.37 4.1 '~6 LLMUS AMERICANA AMERICAN EIM 0.03 1.6 2333 3.1 0.83 9.2 .J.9 ERUhUS VIRGINIANA CHOKE CHERRY 0.10 4.8 2000 2.7 0.53 5.9 13.3 QUEICUS PRINUS CHESTNUT OAK 0.13 6.1 1000 1.3 0.30 3.3 11.0 AMEIANCHIER ARBOREA SHAD-BUSH 0.10 4.8 1000 1.3 0.27 3.0 9.0 QUEICUS VELUTINA BIACK OAK 0.07 3. 2 0 0.0 0.50 5.5 8.7 TILIA AMERICANA BASSWXD 0.03 1. 6 1333 1.8 0.07 0.7 4.1 PINUS VIRGINIAhA VIRGINIA PINE 0.03 1. 6 333 0.4 0.13 1. 5 3.5 CRATAEGUS SP. HAWrHORhE 0.03 1.6 333 0.4 0.07 0.7 2.8 CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS HACKBERRY 0.03 1.6 333 0.4 0.07 0.7 2.8 FINUS STROBUS hMITE PINE 0.03 1.6 333 0.4 0.07 0.7 2.8 CARY A TOPENTOSA MOCKERNL7f HICKORY 0.03 1.6 0 0.0 0.10 1.1 2.7 TOTA L -
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| 100.0 75000 100.0 9.03 100.0 300.0 fV%
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| R;.#)US**H m2 e tUQ
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| 245 1978.
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| Table F-23. Vegetation analysis for shrubs, herbs, and ground cover in the Cuarry Hillside Forest, COMPON NAME FFEQUENCY EELATIVE IDMI NANCE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE SPECItS DOMINAhCE VALUE FMQU ENCY (% CDVER)
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| SHWBS VIRGNIA CEEEPER 0.37 36.7 6.27 46.0 82.6 PAIGHE!OCISSUS QUIPQUEFOLIA 17.8 27.8 LIhDLkA BENZOIN SPIC 13USH 0.10 10.0 2.43 WITQi HAZEL 0. 10 10.0 2.03 14.9 24 .9 hAPAMELIS VIkCINIANA 12.2 18.9 VACCINIUM VACIILANS Ilh-BUSH BLUEBERRY 0.07 6.7 1.6~
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| SUMPER GBAPE 0.17 16.7 0.27 2.0 18.6 VITIS AESTIVALIS 0.47 3.4 6.8 VACCIh1CM STAMINWM CEERBLRRY 0.03 3.3 BIACKBEERY 0.03 3.3 0.17 1.2 4.6 EBUS ALLEQifAIEhSIS 0.13 1.0 CELASTI4JS SCAhEENS BITTEEShELT 0.03 3.3 4.3 kUBUS IIAGil.IAEIS DEhBERRY 0.03 3.3 0.10 0.7 4.1 MAPLEALEAF VIBUEhUM 0.03 3.3 0.07 0.5 3.8 VIbUSUM ACERIFOLIUM 0.2 3.6 MiUS EADICAh5 POIEN IVY 0.03 3.3 0.03 HLies hM11E WX)D ASTER 0.40 13.0 7. 50 26.6 39.6 ASTER DIVAkICATUS 15.4 23.0 LtSLhAMPSIA FLEXUOSA HAl bGRAS S 0.23 7.6 4.33 EkYLFTEEIS MARGNALIS MARGINAL WXD FERN 0.23 7.6 3.63 12.9 20.5 SEDGE 0.13 4.3 1.80 6.4 10.7 (A bt.X ShANh11 SOLIDACD CAESI A BLLE-S T.MMED CDIEENTOO 0.17 5.4 0.90 3. 2 8.6 hMITE ShAREFOCr 0.13 4.3 0.77 2. 7 7.1 11FArch10M rut.DSLM CA bL X SP . S EDGE 0.13 4.3 0.73 2.6 6.9 CA E X h0 SEA S EDGE 0.13 4.3 0.60 2.1 6.5 ARALI A hUCICAULIS h1LD SARSAPAFILIA 0.07 2.2 1.07 3.8 6.0 K/IENTILIA SIPfLEX CItCUEFOIL 0.07 2.2 0.73 2.6 4.8 CHRISTMAS FERN 0.03 1.1 1.00 3.5 4.6 POLYSTICWM ACIOSTICHOIDES 4.4 SOLIDACD JUNCLA EAEY CDLLEMOD 0.07 2.2 0.63 2.2 SESSILE-LEAVED BELLh0RT 0.10 3.3 0.27 0.9 4.2 UVULARI A SESSILIFCLIA 3.8 EOLYGOEM VIkGINIANUM VIRGINIA Kh01%EED 0.07 2.2 0.47 1.7 S EDCL 0.07 2.2 0.47 1.7 3.8 CAMX PEhSYLV ANICA 3.8 GALILM APAFINE CLEAV ERS 0.07 2.2 0.47 1.7 EBONY SPLEEhnOFT 0.10 3.3 0.13 0.5 3.7 ASFLEAIUM PIATYNWEON 3.7 GLUM CMADEN5E AVENS 0.07 2.2 0.43 1.5 CANADA BLUEGEASS 0.07 2.2 0.33 1.2 3.4 PGA CDMPRESSA VIG.A PAPILIOhACEA COMMON BLUE VIOLET 0.07 2.2 0.20 0.7 2.9 tod,ST A (ISTUSA BLLFI-IOBEE W)DDSI A 0.07 2.2 0.13 0.5 2.6 SFILACIhA RACEMOSA FALSE SCIotAh'S SEAL 0.07 2.2 0.10 0.4 2.5 FAh1(1;M SFF. FAh1C-GEASS 0.07 2.2 0.10 0.4 2.5 AttilOSIA AFTLMISIIFCLIA RAChEID 0.07 2.2 0.07 0.2 2.4 LL2LLA CAP 1 LSTkIS nOCD MJSh 0.03 1.1 0.27 0.9 2.0 RANUhCJLUS EkIS (DMPON BUTIEbCIJP 0.03 1.1 0.20 0.7 1.8 LAh1hch1 A SPICATA PCtEFTi CATGRAES 0.03 1.1 0.20 0.7 1.8 LtLPCLIUM htCIFI4bCM TICE-TEEJCIL 0.03 1.1 0.13 0.5 1.6 SCIM W LAh1 A IAhCECIATA F Ith0kT 0.03 1.1 0.10 0.4 1.4 MELAPPYkUM L1hEAEL (D h-Wh!A T 0.03 1.1 0.10 0.4 1.4 SOLIDACD BICOLCh SILV ENOD 0.03 1.1 0.10 %4 1.4 Gh ASS (Uh1DEh11FI tD) - 0.03 1.1 0.07 0.2 1.3 h1LC YAM 0.03 1.1 0.07 0.2 1.3 LIOSCCMA VILIOSA bOThYCh1UM DISSECTUM CEAPE FEkh 0.03 1.1 0.03 0.1 1.2 SAILMJ A VLILARIS h!LD BASIL 0.03 1.1 0.03 0.1 1.2 GXALIS DILIlhI1 YELILh ho(D SOREL 0.03 1.1 0.03 0.1 1.2 GhouhD CDVED LITTLs - 1.00 34.5 75.97 74.6 109.1 IOCK - 0.97 33.3 19.33 19.0 52.3 bA R SCIL - 0.53 18.4 5.20 5.1 23.5
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| > CSS - 0.40 13.8 1.33 1.3 15.1
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| 246 Table F-24. Vegetation analysis for tree seedlings. shrubs, and herba in the North Field, 1978.
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| ^
| |
| b6 LCIfA wMEN hAME FFIQUEhCY kE1ATIVE ILMI NANCE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE FkEQUENCY {6 CDVER) DOM 1 HANCE VALUE TELL SELILluGS bETLIA MIGA RIVF.R B150t 0.20 38 .5 1. e 3 64.6 103.1 LIJ05 AMLRIGaA AMERICAN LIJe 0.12 23.1 0.48 19.2 42.2 ACLR SALChARINUM SILvLR hAPLE 0.10 19.2 0.25 9. 8 29.0 ALIA EbEM RED hAPI.L 0.06 11.5 0.09 3.6 L2.1 CAkYA CORDIF0hMIS BII'IEmuT HICRORY 0.02 3.8 0.05 1.9 5.7 TILIA AMi&1LAhA BAsseOOD 0.02 3.8 0.02 0.9 4.8 SamUb6 kubW ALEGulaluSIS BLAG bL*RY 0.31 43.2 8.60 73.7 116.9 5AicFhEWCISSUS CUIEUOLIA W1EIKI A CREEEER 0.16 21.6 0.57 4.9 26 .5 AIALS EDWSA SFLaLLD ALMR 0.08 10.8 1. 56 13.4 24.2 Enb5 (CCIDLhTALIS BLAG R ASBERRY 0.06 8.1 0.21 1. 8 9.9 V1115 kIFAkI A RIVLkBAhR GRAPE 0.04 5.4 0.41 3.5 8.9 b1115 ALSTIVALIS SLMMER GRAFE 0.04 5.4 0.19 1.6 7.0 LGhhb5 EAC1JOSA GkAY DDQOOD 0.02 2.7 0.10 0.8 3.5 LOkhtS ANNM SIIAY DUGO@ 0.02 2.7 0.04 0. 3 3.0 kLoe b hbhLLhbkKIA FEDEOSA h1RLSTIM KHLY 0.94 4.9 28.71 16.2 21.1 bbLILALD CAhADhSIS CANALA GCILLhiOD 0.96 5.0 17.82 10.0 15.1 SGLILACD GkAMIN1FOLI A HAT-TOPPED GOLDEhato 0.96 5.0 15.06 8.5 13.9 ACHOSTIS SP. bth1GkASS 0.76 4.0 12.23 6.9 10.9 AShk ERIC01 DES BEATH ASTu 0.84 4.4 10.76 6.1 10.5 SCLIDALO GIGAhitA LATE G01&12430D 0.78 4.1 8.43 4.7 8.9 IJSIMACaIA CILIA 1h FRIEED IDC6ESTRIFE 0.73 3.0 8.95 5.0 8.8 145mDItM PANICULA1Up TICR-T RL FOI L 0.57 3.0 7.66 4.3 7.3 PulthTILLA SIMPLEX CINQUEFCIL 0.39 2.1 8.42 4.7 6.8 h0LILALO EG)SA kOUtet GCLLEhiOD 0.61 3.2 4 . 35 2. 5 5.6 LYSIMAChI A VU14Am15 GA30Eh IDDSLSTRIFE 0.45 2.4 3. 98 2.2 4 .6 FAh1CLM VIEATim Sh1TCHGASS ~ 0.27 1.4 5.04 2.8 4.3 EPIloh1LM ColokATUh h 1 LIDh-u t s 0.59 3.1 2.05 1. 2 4 .2 KA PkAnhSIS REh10 CRY E11tGASS 0.31 1.6 4 .46 2. 5 4 .2 bCLhhEMA CYLahDRICA f ALSE hk'1TLL 0.47 2. 5 2.22 1.6 4.1 CARL 1 SP. SEDGL 0.49 2.6 2.55 1. 4 4 .0 GLLh LAh ALEASE AVLh5 0.59 3.1 1.57 0.9 4.0 hYFLMCLM PLhCTAINh SPC*III.D ST. JCth 'S TORT C.51 2.7 1.43 0.8 3.5 LAUCUS CAAv1A ClifA AIGE'S 1 ACE 0.45 2.4 1.77 1.0 3.4 JLhCLS TEhUIS PATH RUSH 0.31 1.6 3.03 1.7 3. 4 RLESI A %IEIh 13 hEITE GkASS 0.39 2.1 1.69 1.1 3.1 htLMILM AU1LMhALE $NL LIEh t1D 0.41 2.2 1. 50 0.8 3.0 LAALIS. SIR 1CT A YELIDh hO@ SORFE.L 0.49 2.6 0C 0.3 2.9 Abuk SIMFLEX ASTER 0.33 1.7 1.87 1.1 2.8 SOLIDAW JbNCIA f.ARLY COLLEhiOD C.29 1.5 1.51 0.9 2.4 ASILk 1ATEMFIDkUS CALICD ASER 0.22 1.1 2.06 1.2 2.3 v10lA PAPILIOhAL2A COMM?h BLUE VICLET 0.31 1.6 0.94 0.5 2.2 EMLE C&1USIFOLIUS BITIER tom 0.27 1.4 0.93 0.5 2.0 EML1 CRISPUS CURLY DOCR C.27 1.4 0.75 0.4 1.9 VLhbEhA HASTA 1R ELLT. VLFV AIN 0.25 1.3 0 .70 0.4 1.7 IMPATIfAS BIF14kA Jth EIAE ED 0.24 1.2 0.58 0.3 1.6 Mf0 THERA bitNh1S EVIh1 NG-f RIMRCSL 0.25 1.3 0.37 0.2 1.5 htLIANTES DEXAPETALUS Th1N-LLAF S;hFLCbER 0.06 0.3 2. 15 1. 2 1.5 LY(LPOS AMLEICAhUS HATER HURE10Um 0.20 1.0 0.87 0.5 1.5 ELF Ar0kIUM P1JFOLIAT"JM Bm ESLT 0.20 1.0 0.66 0.4 1.4 GRASS (t h1DLhTIFIED) - 0.18 0.9 0.77 0.4 1.4 hikLMCLh FLif0RATLM CCMmh ST. JC4N 'S WDRT 0.20 1.0 0.42 0.2 1.3 LINb1L6M WU%AHL 6LLL nISTLE 0.18 0.9 0.59 0.3 1.3 ELihLS V1kGINIWS h1LD kYL 0.16 0.8 0.47 0.3 1.1 LA114NTIFILD huBel - 0.16 0.8 0. 35 0.2 1.0 BLMLX ACLTOSL12A SHEEP SCRktL 0.16 0.8 0.30 0.2 1.0 PAh1GM CIAh0LbT1h0M F AN IC-GR ASS 0. 12 0.6 0.62 0.4 1.0 ICLYGOh!M SCAhDLh5 FALSE BUCRWhf.AT 0 . 12 0.6 0.36 0.2 0. 8 LYCOPtn W1EIhILLS HATER hbkEHLOND 0.12 0.6 0.33 0.2 0.8 KLYGuhlm SAGITTATth AkHLh-RAVEE 1EAJtTILm 0.12 0.6 C.24 0.1 0.8 RUCMLM CANALENSE h000-SAGE 0.10 0.5 0.25 0.1 0.7 PkEARIA VIK1h1 AhA h1LD S1kAhEEEEr 0.08 0.4 0.23 0.1 0.5 PUT1hTILIA RECTA ROUGH-tm1TED CINQUEFOIL 0.08 0.4 0. 18 0.1 0.5 APOLYNUM CANhAL1htm IIO1Ah hfEP 0.08 0.4 0.18 0.1 0.5 CLhVOLbL1h5 6tJ1LM Nt2)GE BINI% ELD 0.06 0.3 0.33 0.2 0.5 SOLA14;M CAELINLhSE HOkSL-hETE L 0.08 0.4 0. 15 0.1 0.5 tLPAILkIUM ECDSLM NHITE ShARLICOT 0.06 0.3 0.24 0.1 0.4 KA COS RESSk CANALA BLLEGASS 0.04 0.2 0.41 0.2 0.4 LLFAr0kIUM MALLIATUM SPOTED JOE-PYF.-HEED 0.04 0.2 0 . 35 0.2 0.4 LMC.LPMs AhM.fS CAIST FLIABANE 0.06 0.3 0 . 16 0.1 0.4 L Anh1CARJA BRAC'11ATA HOG-PEANUT 0.04 0.2 0.33 0.2 0.4 itAh*1 AG) MAJOE CCMmN PLAh1 Alh 0.06 0.3 0. 07 0.0 0.3 y GALkA BIENh1S 81LNh1 AL GALRA 0.02 0.1 0.40 0.2 0.3 LRTICA DIOICA STINCING hETTM 0.04 0.2 0.18 0.1 0.3 g VL3Ch1CA SLhPYLLIFGLI A S FL ldh tli 0.04 0.2 0 . 11 0.1 0.3 IVIlhTILIA hontGICA RCUGH CIhCUL7CIL 0.04 0.2 0. 06 0.0 0.2 klLh& LEI A h1FIA BIAG-EYED SLSAN 0.04 0.2 0.05 0.0 0.2 hYP
| |
| * CLM ETILLM ST. JChh*S m Rr 0.04 0.2 0.03 0.0 0.2
| |
| 'T 0.2 0.03
| |
| [( )I g 14hu.1A IhFIATA SIE.LIAh1A ILhGIFCLIA 1mIAh-TOhACCD CBIGhE1D 0.04 0.02 0.1 0.15 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.1 0. 15 0.1 0.2 O' ] JLELS LFPUSLS CIEAAA QLADMSU14.ATA RUSH EnchAhnk h1C&1 SHADE 0.02 0.1 0. 14 0.1 0.2 GALILM PALLSTkE BELSTbAh 0.02 0.1 0 . 10 0.1 0.2 EMCLhAhlS TINUIS S E IRL -ML Sh 0.02 0.1 0.08 0.0 0.1 i g 0.08 O O E, O KLYGCKM HWLRLPIPtJO! DES bLhbLhA LRTIC2 FOLIA MILD HAT ER PEPFfA kH1n bEW AIN C.02 0.02 0.1 0.1 0.06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 Q]S h/ e Med O h1F LMCLM FYRAMIDAttM GkEAT ST. J0hh'S toct 0.02 0.1 0.05 ba= 14AELIA SIPNILITICA GkEAT IIEELIA 0.02 0.1 0.04 0. 0 0.1 LAMPAh01A AFAkINDICES MANbh BELIFIIAER 0.02 0.1 0.03 0.0 0.1 Q LLhY1A CAhADthSIS HORSLhtLD 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.0 0.1 CMMATIS VihGINIANA VIElh BChER 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.0 0.1 GhAFhAT ILM ObTUSIFCLIUM CUthE ED 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.0 0.1 TMFRILM REPEh5 NH11E CIINER 0.02 0.1 0. 02 0.0 0.1 POLYGOklM VIEINIAhUM VIElh1 A RNOWLED 0.02 0.1 0.02 0.0 0.1 C1210M Am LhSE CAhAcA TitISTLE 0.02 0.1 0.01 0. 0 0.1 ALLIAMA OFFICINALIS GAkLIC MUSTAND 0.02 0.1 0.01 0.0 0.1 SETA&I A Q.AUCA FCITAIL GRAS 3 0.02 x 'j o.1 0.Cl 0.0 0.1 Th1POLILM PRATIASE RED CLOVER 0.02 O.1 0.01 0.0 0.1
| |
| | |
| f75 775 O CJ
| |
| - 247 O
| |
| D e- i [
| |
| Table F-25. Vegetak r @s to. d h d ings, shrubs, and herbs in the Switchyard Field, 1978.
| |
| SPECIES COPJON hA>E FFEQU EECi RELATIVE DCMINANCE REIATIVE IMPORIMCE FREQULhCY (4 COVER) DOtINANCE V ALU E TREE SEUDLINCE CGENUS FLORIDA FLOhERING DCGh00D 0.34 43.6 1.92 45.4 89.0 EkAXIhuS AMERICANA hh1TE ASH 0.20 25.6 0.68 16.1 41.7 BETULA FCEULIFOLIA GhAY BIhch 0.06 7.7 1.12 26.6 34.3 ACLR RUBRUM RED MAPLE 0.06 7.7 0.30 7.1 14.8 SASSAFhAS ALBIDUM SASSAF RAS 0.04 5.1 0.09 2.1 7.2 FNJNUS LLHOTIhA BLACh CHEhRY 0.04 5.1 0.06 1.3 6.5 ACLR SACCHARINUM SILV ER PAFLE 0.02 2.6 0.06 1.4 4.0 OLJU5 APEhICANA AMERICAN ELM 0.02 2.6 0.00 0.1 2.7 ShkUBS CChhUS RACLMOSA GkAY DOGWOOD 0 .58 50.9 4.20 55.0 105.9 hCBUS PLAGLLLARIS LLhsLERY 0.12 10.5 0.88 11.5 22.0 kHUS hACICAh5 POISON IVY 0 . 12 10.5 0.72 9.4 19.9 LLhhU S .'h0 MUM SILKY DCGWOOD 0.08 7.0 0.83 10 .9 17.9 HUBUS M LEGhth1ENSIS BLACKEEERY 0.12 10.5 0.55 7.2 17.8 ILEX %L9TICELLATA WINT LJB LS RY 0.04 3.5 0.16 2.1 5.7
| |
| %Ibuth0h LENTATUh ARBDhhD0D 0.02 1.8 0.23 3.0 4.7
| |
| %IIIS ALS51VALIS SUkMER GRAIE 0.04 3.5 0.05 0.6 4.1 SFIhALA TCMENTOSA ST EEPLEBUSH 0.02 1.8 0.02 0.3 2.0 (A fr)')t'4 hEbBS v i tJha]L SOLILAUG HUODSA ROUGH ODLLLhMOD 0 .96 7.8 39.62 31.9 39.7 SOLILAGD CAkACLhSIS CAN AD A GDLLLhRDD 0.94 7.7 2 4.06 19.4 27.0 GhASS CUhIDLhTIF IED ) - 0 . 96 7.8 1 3.38 10.8 18.6 ICath1 ILLA SIMPLFX CINCULFOIL 0.72 5.9 10.54 8.5 14.4 hLhEx ACLTOSLLLA SHEEP SDEFEL 0.82 6.7 4.99 4.0 10.7 SOLIDAGD GRAMINIFOLIA f LAT-TCPEED GCLDLNROD 0.66 5.4 4.20 3.4 8.8 CAhLX SP. SLDGE 0.74 6.0 1.87 1.5 7.6 SOLICAUD JUNCLA EAhLY GOLLEhHQ3 0 .52 4.2 2.76 2.2 6.5 FGA EkAILhSIS ELN10CKY BLULGRASS 0.16 1.3 6 .14 4.9 6.2 LADCU b LA BOT A COLLh AhhE'S LACE 0. 54 4.4 1,42 1.1 5.6 hlLhACIUM PkATENSE RAhKhEED 0.48 3.9 1.52 1.2 5.1 NL10h1CA CtFICINALIS COMMCh SF LUChELL 0.46 3.8 0.90 0.7 4.5 t hAGAh1A VIRGIhl AhA hILD STRAhEERRY 0.18 1.5 3.39 2.7 4 .2 VICLA PAPILIOhACLA OOPMON ELLE VIOLET 0.40 3.3 0.92 0.7 4.0 ASILk LhlODIDES HEATH ASTER 0.34 2.8 1.23 1.0 3.8 ELAh1AGO LANCLOLATA ENCLISh FLAh1AIN 0.38 3.1 0. 80 0.6 3.7 EAbL SOIL - 0.26 2.1 1.23 1.0 3.1 SOLILAUD GIGANTLA LATE 00LELhBOL 0.24 2 .0 1.34 1.1 3.0 CAALIS STRICTA YELLOh hDOD SCRBEL 0 . 32 2.6 0.29 0.2 2.8 hYPLh1 CUM PLNCTAILM SPOTTED ST. JOHN'S WORT 0.18 1.5 0 . 35 0.3 1.8 1RIFCLIUh SP. CLCV LA 0.18 1.5 0.20 0.2 1.6 CLAAS11th ARVLh5E EILLD ChlCFhEED 0.16 1.3 0.14 0.1 1.4 Ch0LLLA SLhSIBILIS SLhSITIVE FEkh 0.12 1.0 0.49 0.4 1.4 EhLLL A E EAl th SJ IIMDTHY 0 . 12 1.0 0.30 0.2 1.2 SOIILAUD htHChALIS LITILE GktY GOLCEhEOD 0.10 0.8 0.20 0.2 1.0 hiF LhlCLM PLhf CFA10M COMPON St. JCHN 'S WRT 0.10 0.8 0.14 0.1 0.9 LhhiSAh1hEMLM LLULAhThtMLM OX-EYL LAISY 0.10 0.8 0.10 0.1 0.9 LhlLLh11tILD htNb el - 0.08 0.7 0 . 11 0.1 0.7 EAh1CLh SkP. ENsIC-GRASS 0.08 0.7 0.0d 0.1 0.7 1AKAAACLh CEFICINALE DAh0ELIch 0.08 0.7 0.08 0.1 0.7 hLLbELAIA hIb1A bLACh-LYLD SUSAh 0.06 0.5 0.25 0.2 0.7 ILLCh1Lh LANADLh5E WOCD-SA GE 0.06 0.5 0.15 0.1 0.6 GLUh LANALLhSE AV Lhs 0.06 0.5 0.14 0.1 0.6 Abilh LATs h1E L0kUS CALICO ASTER 0.06 0.5 0.10 0.1 0.6 LL1hith1Lh DISSLCTLh GkAPE E Lhh 0.06 0.5 0.06 0.0 0.5 LPILCblUh CCLLhAILM hl LLOh-h LkB 0.04 0.3 0.09 0.1 0.4 J LhCU S T Lhu15 E ATH hLSb 0.04 0.3 0.06 0.0 0.4 LI Aht hUS AEF1RI A LEFif CRD PINK 0.04 0.3 0.05 0.0 0.4 LOLLLI A Iht LA1A IhDI Ah-TCb ACCD 0.04 0.3 0.03 0.0 0.4 LLh01hlhA b1LANIS EV LhlhG-FRIMECSE 0.04 0.3 0.03 0.0 0.4 ikIE GLIUM F kATLs5L RED CLOV LR 0.04 0.3 0.02 0.0 0.3 SULAhuh LAIOLIhthSL HOhSE-h E'III,E 0.02 0.2 0.11 0.1 0.3 AFUCihLA LAhhAb1hLM IhLIAh HEMP 0.02 0.2 0.06 0.1 0.2 101Lh11LLA blCTA ROUCH-FBUITED CINGUEFOIL 0.02 0.2 0.05 0.0 0.2 51LLLAhlA kEDIA COkMCN Ch1CEhEED 0.02 0.2 0.04 0.0 0.2 AChlLLLA LILLLECLIUM Y AR A0h 0.02 0.2 0.04 0.0 0.2 ELAh'I ACL PAJGR COh>Oh PLANT AIN 0.02 0.2 0.03 0.0 0.2 EhLhLLLA %LLAkIS SELi-REAL 0.02 0.2 0.03 0.0 0.2 GLLh LALIh!ATUM AV Lh5 0.02 0.2 0.02 0.0 0.2 LL5)(LILh F Ah1CULATUM 11Ch-ThEf01L 0 .02 0.2 0.02 0.0 0.2 klei A F A11 Lh1 A EATILhCL DOCK 0.02 0.2 0.02 0.0 0.2 AGhCSTIS SP. ELh1 GRASS 0.02 0.2 0.02 3.0 0.2 VLFOhlCA SLEE1LLIf 0LIA bP LU3 HELL 0.02 0.2 0.02 0.0 0.2 As1Lk SIhPLEX ASI Lk 0.02 0.2 0.02 0.0 0.2 ASILE NOVAL-ANGLIAE hLh ENGLAhD ASTER 0.02 0.2 0.01 0.0 0.2
| |
| >1L1LCILS ALBA hH11E SHEET CLUVER 0.02 0.2 0.01 0.0 0.2 AbbbOSIA ARTEMISIIFCLIA KAGhE ED 0.02 0.2 0.00 0.0 0.2
| |
| | |
| 246
| |
| \
| |
| Table F-26. Vegetation analysis for tree seedlings, shrubs, herbs, and ground cover in the US 11 Marsh, 1978.
| |
| SPECIES COMPON hAtt. FREQUENCY RELATIVE DOMINANCE RELATIVE IMPCPIANCE MEAN FRICUEhCY (% COVER) DCMINANCE VAID E HEIGHT (CH) i S EECLINGS ACEk RUbhuM RED MAPLE 0.03 10 0 .0 0.03 100.0 200.0 14.0 ShhUBS ALNUS RUGOSA 5EECKLDD ALDER \ 0.03 25.0 3.23 59.2 84.2 300.0 EUBUS ALLLOHEhIEhSIS BLACKB ER RY 0.06 50.0 0.45 8.3 58.3 75.0 CObh0S AMOMUM SILKY DOGhf0D 0.03 20.0 i 1.77 32.5 57.5 140.0 H ERBS LEERSIA ORYZOICES RICE CUTGRASS '
| |
| C.87 9.9 54.71 31.5 41.4 78.3 SAGITTARIA LATIFCLIA A R FOh-HEAD a.61 7.0 15.06 8.7 15.6 59.1 SPARGANIUM EURYCARIUM BU R-RE ED 0.45 5.1 12.0 0 6.9 12.0 97.9 SOLIDAGO GICANTEA LATE GOLIENFOD 0. 3; 4.4 11.03 6.4 10.7 88.4 IMPATIENS BIFLCRA J Eh ELhE ED 0.58 6.6 6.74 3.9 10.5 61.2 LEPAA MINGR DUCFh EED 0.23 2.6 8.00 4.6 7.2 1.0 ELUDCHARIS TENUIS SPIFE-MDSH 0.16 1.8 8.90 5.1 7.0 32.8 GALIUM TkIFIDUM BEDSTFAh 0.39 t 4.4 2.97 1.7 6.1 29.3 ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS SENSITIVE FERN 0.29 3. 3 4.87 2.8 6.1 36.3 PCIAGONUM SAGITTATUM ARIOh-LEAVED TEARIhUMB 0.39 4.4 2.71 1.6 6.0 48.1 J UNCUS LF FUSU S RUSH 0.26 2.9 5.10 2.9 5.9 88.1 CAFEX SCOPARIA SED GE 0.26 . 2.9 5.06 2.9 5.8 72.8 BOLhMERI A CYLINERICA FALSE NETTLE 0.31 3.7 3.61 2.1 5.7 53.7 CAREX LLFIDA S ED CE 0.3f 3.7 3.16 1.8 5.5 67.2 LYSIMACHIA TERRESTRIS YELLOh LOCSESTRIFE 0.23 , *6
| |
| . 2.68 1.5 4.1 45.7 CIOUTA DULBIFERA HATER HEMLOCK 0.19 2.2 2.35 1.4 3.6 81.3 PHALARIS ARUNDINACLA RE ED CANARY GRASS 0.06 0.7 4.52 2.6 3. 3 136.5 SClRPUS CYPERINUS WOOL GRASS 0.13 1.5 3.23 1.9 3.3 115.5
| |
| %LRBEhA HASTATA BLUE VERVAlh 0.23 2.6 0.84 0.5 3.0 80.4 POLYCLhuh HYDROPIFEROIDES MILD HAT LE PEPPER 0.19 2.2 1.16 0.7 2.9 46.7 PILLA PUMILA CLEARhEED 0.23 2.6 0.49 0.3 2.8 14.3 DQUISETUM ARVENSE FIELD HORSETAIL 0.10 1.1 2.71 1.6 2.7 34.7 CAREX STIPATA SELGE 0.16 1.6 1.23 0.7 2.5 58.4 SOLIDAGO RUGOSA ROUGH ODLDEN ROD 0.16 1.8 1.00 0.6 2.4 69.4 LYCOPUS AMERICANUS hATFR HOREHOUND 0.16 1.8 0.94 0.5 2.4 47.6 MIMULUS RINGENS MON KEY-FLCh ER 0.13 1.5 0.29 0.2 1.6 44.5 FRECHTITES HIEFACIFCLIA FI REh EED 0.10 1.1 0.77 0.4 1.5 36 . 3 VLRNOhlA NOVEBO9't:NSIS I RO NhEED ~ 3.10 1.1 0.77 0.4 1.5 83.3 LUDh1GI A ALTERPD CLIA S E ED-BC X f 0.10 1.1 0.55 0.3 1.4 69.3 POLYGONUM NATANS HATER SMARThEED ' O.06 0.7 1.00 0.6 1.3 78.5 hYFERICUM MUTILUM ST . JOHN *S WORT 0.10 1.1 0.26 0 .1 1.2 21.0 OJSCUTA GROh0VII DODDER 0.10 1.1 0.23 0 .1 1.2 63.0 SCLIDAOD CV.MINIFCLIA FLFTsrOFFED OCLDENROC 0.06 0.7 0.29 0.2 0 .9 62.5 SCIRPUS V ALCOS GREAT SULRUSH 0.03 0.4 0.81 0.5 0.8 140.0 GRASS (UNIDLNTIFIED) -
| |
| 0.03 0.4 0.81 0.5 0.8 15.0 CYPEFUS FIRIGOSUS GALINGALE 0.06 0.7 0.13 0 .1 0.8 14.5 POA TRIVI ALIS RCUCH BLUEGRASS 0.06 0.7 0.10 0 .1 9.8 60.0 EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUP B0NESET 0.03 0.4 0.48 0.3 .6 100.0 BIDENS CERNUA BEGGARsTICKS 0.03 0.4 0.32 0.2 0.6 B0. 0 CA kEX SP. ..
| |
| SEDGE 0.03 0.4 0.32 0.2 0.6 15.0 ELEOCHARIS ACICU LARIS ' SPI KE- RU SH 0.03 0.4 0.23 0 .1 0.5 5. 0 AhThOXANTHUM ODORATUM ShLET VEENAL GRASS 0.03 0.4 0.19 0 .1 0.5 40.0 DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA C RE ST ED WOOD FE RN . 0.03 0.4 0.19 0.1 0.5 45.0 TYPHA LATIFOLIA CAT-T AIL 0.03 0.4 0.16 0.1 0.5 170.0 ELLDCHARIS OVATA SPIKE-RUSH 0.03 0.4 0.13 0.1 0.4 25.0 LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS WATER HOPEHOUhD 0.03 0.4 0.13 0.1 0.4 46.0 GEUM CANADENSE AVDRS . 0.13 0.4 0.10 0.1 0.4 20.0 GLYCERI A STRI ATA F0hL MANL 3 CLASS 0.03 0.4 0.06 0.0 0.4 98.0 GALECPSIS TETRAHIT H EMP-NETTLE 9.03 0.4 0.06 0.0 0.4 40.0 POTENTILLA SIMPLEX CINQUEFOIL 0.03 0.4 0.06 0.0 0.4 10.0 PYCHANTHEUM VIRGIN! ANUM MOUNT \IN-M2NT 0.03 0.4 0.06 0 .0 0.4 70.0 ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA SkAPP MILKWE ED 0.03 0.4 0.06 0.0 0.4 66.0 SELAGINELLA APODA ME ADOh SPI KE-MOSS 0.03 0.4 0.03 0 .0 0.4 1.0 GROUND COVER LITTER -
| |
| 1.00 68.9 85.29 85.3 154.2 -
| |
| HATER -
| |
| 0.29 20.0 13.55 13.6 33.6 -
| |
| BAKE SOIL -
| |
| 0.13 8.9 -0.94 0 .9 9.8 -
| |
| MOSS -
| |
| 0.03 2.2 0.=3 0.1 2.4 -
| |
| s 9
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| Fig. F-1. Location of vegetation and bird census plots and salt drift transects (flora survey routes) near t he Susquehanna SES, 1978.
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| 250 BIRDS by Robert M. Ruhe and James D. Montgomery TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT...,4 .......................................................... 252 INTRODUCTION............................................................ 253 PROCEDURES.............................................................. 253 Seasonal Census...................................................... 254 Breeding Bird Census................................................. 255 R ive r B i r d S u rv e y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Bird Impaction....................................................... 256 RES ULTS AND DI S CUS S ION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Seasonal Census...................................................... 258 Breeding Bird Census................................................. 262 River Bird Survey.................................................... 263 Bird Impaction Census................................................ 264 Addi tional Animal Ob s e rva tion s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 REFERENCES CITED........................................................ 267 LIST OF TABLES Table G-1. Species of birds observed near the Susquehanna SES site, 1973-74 and 1977-78......................................... 269 Table G-2. Mean density (no./km2 ), relative density (%), and relative frequency (%) of birds observed in Council Cup Forest, TR419 Forest, Switchyard Field, and US 11 Marsh during the winter bird census, 15 December 1977 through February 1978. . 271 w
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| af d a h[sf v> rbN n
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| 251 Page Table C-3. Mean density (no./km ), relative density (%), and relative frequency (%) of birds observed in Council Cup Forest, TR419 Forest, Switchyard Field, and US 11 Marsh during the spring migration bird census, Ma r ch th ro ugh 14 May 19 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 2 Table G-4. Mean . . . during the summer bird census, 15 May through July 1978.................................... 273 Table G-5. Mean . . . during the fall migration bird census, 15 August through November 19 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 4 Table G-6. Number, density (no./km ), and relative density (R.D.)
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| of breeding bird territories observed in Council Cup and TR419 Forests, Switchyard Field, and US 11 Marsh during the breeding bird survey, May through June 19 7 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 5 Table G-7. Number of birds observed during nine censuses on the Susquehanna River, 28 February through 22 May 19 78. . . 276 Table G-8. Combined weekly bird impaction totals from the Meterological Tower and Unit 1 Cooling Tower, 1 September through 31 October 1978.................. 277 LIST OF FIGLTES 2
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| Fig. G-1. Number of species and community density (no./km ) for four seasonal censuses in Council Cup Forest, TR419 Forest, US 11 Marsh, and Switchyard Field, 1978...... 278 Fig. G-2. Phenological occurrence of birds observed near the Susquehanna SES, 1978................................ 279 WNd$b(.i
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| 252 ABSTRACT In 1978, 185 species of birds, 15 of which had not been reported previously, were observed near the Susquehanna SES. A species of one new family, Alaudidae, was observed bringing the total number of families observed to 44.
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| Seasonal censuses were conducted on two wooded plots, one abandoned field plot, and one march plot. A total of 30 species was observed in winter, 96 in spring, 68 in summer, and 90 in fall. Density of individuals increased from winter through fall on all study plots except the marsh.
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| The total number of species was higher during spring and fall, and lower in winter and summer on all plots e:. cept the abandoned field.
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| Nineteen species of waterfowl were observed during the spring migration. The " endangered" peregrine falcon was observed migrating over the Council Cup Forest on 3 November 1978. Breeding bird censuses revealed that 32 species maintained territories un the four plots.
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| A total of 82 birds impacted on the Unit 1 Cocling Tower and Meterological Tower in September and October 1978.
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| 37073E3b
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| 253 INTRODUCTION Preliminary studies of the bird life on the Susquehanna SES site were begun in 1971 and terminated in 1974. During this period the literature was surveyed, a species list was compiled, and the relative abundance of resident and transient species was monitored (Ichthyological Associates 1973, 1974; Burton 1976).
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| The current preoperational studies were begun in January 1977 to gather information on bird numbers, behevior, occurrences, and habitats during final construction of the Susquehanna SES (Ruhe l??8) . These baseline data wil.1 be compared with similar information collected after the station begins operation in 1981. In addition, bird impaction on the Susquehanna SES cooling and meterological towers was investigated to provide bird mortality data during the 1978 fall migration.
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| PROCEDURES Four study plots (Council Cup Forest, CC; TR419 Forest, TR419; US 11 Marsh, US11M; and Switchyard Field, SwF) were censused during 1978; SwF was first censused in 1978 (Fig. F-1). Both CC and IR419 were wooded, US11M was a freshwater marsh, and SwF was an abandoned field.
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| Criteria considered in selection of the plots were: 1) the vegetation be representative of the Susquehanna SES; 2) the areas remain relatively undisturbed throughout construction; and 3) the plots be a minimum of 6 ha of uniform habitat (Hall 1964).
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| 970U7
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| 254 All plots were surveyed and measured using a Brunton pocket transit on a tripod and a 30-m engineer's tape. The boundaries of each plot were marked with flagging. Transect lines were surveyed within each plot at distances dependent upon vegetation density. Transects provided coverage of all parts of the plots when sampling by the strip census method (Kendeigh 1961) . A polar planimeter was used to calculate plot areas.
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| All bird observations were checked against the federal endangered and threatened species list (U.S. Department of the Interior 1979) and the American Birds blue list (Arbib 1977) . The species named to the blue list are those which "have recently or are currently giving evidence of population declines, either regionally or continent-wide" (Arbib 1977) .
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| Nomenclature follows American Ornithologist's Union (1957) .
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| Seasonal Census The seasonal censuses were designated and conducted according to the following timetable: winter,16 December-28 February; spring, 1 March-15 May; summer, 16 May-31 July; fall, 15 August-30 November.
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| Time and weather conditions were recorded at the beginning of each census and the time noted at the conclusion. Winter, spring, and fall censuses were begun prior to 0800 h and summer censuses started one-half hour before sunrise.
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| The observer slowly walked along transects in such a manner as to cover all sections of the plot with a minimum of overlap. All species were identified by either sight or vocalization. In the laboratory, the data were transferred to bird census code sheets for computer input.
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| S70258
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| 255 A minimum of five censuses were conducted in each plot during each season, Censuses were not conducted during periods of inclement weather, such as heavy rains or high winds.
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| Breeding Bird Census The four study plots were censused eight times between 1 May and 15 July. Each census began within 30 minutes before sunrise, a period that coincides with the beginning of intense singing by most passerines (Hall 1964) . Starting locations were altered on t cb plot from census to census to minimize bias that might result from changes in singing intensity. During each census, the locations of singing males were marked on a daily census map. All birds were identified and recorded with a symbol that designated species and behavioral activitv (i.e.
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| singing, aggression, nest building, etc.) . Censuses were not conducted during periods of high winds or heavy rains.
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| These data were analyzed by " territory mapping" described by Hall (1964) and Oekle (1967) . After a census, data on the daily census map were transferred to a similar map for each species. The number of territories for a species was then estimated by counting the clusters of daily census points on the species map; each cluster represented a territory. For each species, mean density (number of territories /km )
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| and relative density (number of territories of one species / total number of territories of all species) were calculated.
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| 370259
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| 256 River Etrd Survey Migratory waterfowl and other water associated birds were censused weekly in the spring from a boat on a 16-km section of the Susquehanna River. The survey route extended from the Shickshinny-Mocanaqua Bridge to the Berwick-Nescopeck Bridge.
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| The identity and number of birds observed on each survey were recorded. Each survey was begun between 0800 and 1000 h and lasted about 2 hours. Results were formulated as indices of river usage, i.e.
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| birds /km and waterfowl-days (average number of Anatidae observed for two consecutive surveys X the number of days between surveys) .
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| Conditions limiting surceys were low river levels (surface elevation
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| <l49.5 m above mean sea level) and hazardous river conditior.s such as ice floes and flooding. No fall 1978 surveys were conducted due to the low river levels which made navigation impossible along most of the route.
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| Bird Impaction In 1978, bird impaction studies were conducted on and around the nearly completed Unit 1 Cooling Tower and the Meterological Tower (met tower) from 1 September through 31 October. The height of the cooling tower was 152 m and that of the met tower was 91 m. Searches for impacted birds were conducted daily, Monday through Friday, excluding holidays. The circumference of the cooling tower, both inside and outside, was searched in the morning beginning approximately 1 hour prior to the start of construction. The ground around the met tower was checked from the base out to a distance of 50 m, including the area under the guy wires.
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| 370260
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| 257 All birds at each location were collected and identified. The location of each specimen was recorded with reference to the compass direction from the center of the respective tower and the position from the tower (inside or outside of the base of the cooling tower, or distance from the base of the met tower) . Weather conditions were recorded during each search and augmented with data collected at the met tower or by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA 1978) for the 12 hours previous to the search.
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| RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 210 species of birds was observed near the Susquehanna SES from 1972 throust 1974 and 1977 through 1978 (Table G-1) . During 1978, 185 species were observed on 6e site. Fifteen of these species had not been reported during previous years. One new family, Alaudidae, was observed bringing the total number of families observed to 44. The following families composed 48.6% of the species observed in 1978:
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| Parulidae (28 species) 15.1%, Fringillidae (25) 13.5%, Anatidae (21) ,
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| 11.4%, Scolopacidae (8) 4.3%, and Tyrannidae (8) 4.3%.
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| One endangered species, peregrine falcon, was observed flying over CC on 3 November 1978. Twenty-one blue-listed birds were observed during the year. Ten were seasonally migratory, seven were summer residents, and four were year-round residents (Table G-1) .
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| V O Ok*-e
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| 258 Seasonal Census Winter A total of 30 species was observed during winter on the four study plots (Table G-2) . The US11M supported 22 species; CC, 13 species; TR419, 7 species; and none were observed on SwF. The US11M also supported the highest density of individuals in any of the plots.
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| The majority of the winter communities was composed of species in the family Fr!ngillidae (Table G-2) . Tree and song sparrows were the most abundtnt species in US11M, the dark-eyed junco in C;, and the golden-crowned kinglet in TR419. The downy woodpecker, black-capped chickadee, and blue jay were the only species to be observed on the three plots where birds were observed.
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| Densities of most species remained stable throughout the winter, except during a cold spell from 27-31 January when the temperature never exceeded -3.3 C, vinds averaged 32 kph (NOAA 1978), and 2.5 cm of snow fell. Throughout this period, there was a 34% decrease in densities in the Us11M and a 38% decrease in densities in CC. No data were collected in TR419 during this period.
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| Spring A total of 94 species was observed on the study plots during spring (Table G-3) . In TR419, 47 species were observed; CC, 46 species; US11M, 40 species; and 16 species in SwF. The black-capped chickadee was the most abundant species in TR419. The pine grosbeak was the most abundant 370262
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| 259 in Jr. the red-winged blackbird in US11M, and the field sparrow in SwF.
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| The US11M supported the highest density of individuals than the other plots.
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| The arrival of most species was from one to two weeks later than last year (Ruhe 1978) . The colder than normal temperatures in March through May (NOAA 1978) probably delayed the migration. Warbler migration began on 3 May and lasted into the early summer. From 16-25 May, the largest concentrations of warblers passed through the study plots; a total of 19 species was observed. Warblers composed 36.9% of the 12 May census in TR419 and 60.0% of the 16 May census in CC. On 13 May, warblers were found in the greatest concentrations in SwF and US11M. They composed 46.6% of the census in SwF and 21.4% of the census in US11M. The wood thrust migration peaked on 10-12 May. Black-capped chickadees were abundant all spring in TR419 but decreased in CC af ter 18 April. Robins first appeared on 12 April as did field sparrows. Tree sparrows were last observed on 10 March. Most stadpipers and yellowlegs were observed on 8 and 13 May.
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| Summer A total of 68 species was observed during the summer (Table G-4) . In TR419, 45 species were observed, 37 in CC, 26 in US11M, and 17 in SwF. As during the previous seasons, the US11M supported greater densities than the other study plots. Spring migration continued into the summer census period.
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| Migrant species were observed as late as 25 May. The wood thrush was most abundant in TR419, the scarlet tanager in CC, the red-winged blackbird in US11M, and the field sparrow in SwF.
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| WO263
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| 260 There were changes in populations of several species over the 1977 densities. A noticeable increase of brown-headed cowbirds was observed on the wooded plots from the mean densities of 1977 (Ruhe 1978). This parasitic species may cause decreases in songbird populations (Bent 1963, 1965). Other species that increased in density were great-crested flycatcher, eastern wood pewee, veery, and cedar waxwing. There was a decrease in black-capped chickadees on the wooded plots. In the marsh, only the indigo bunting decreased in number, 5 species remained at approximately 1977 levels, and 13 species increased in numbers.
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| Fall A total of 90 species was observed on the four study plots during the fall migration season (Table n-5). The TR419 supported the greatest number of species, 53; followed by US11M, 40; CC, 39; and SwF, 19. The white-throated sparrow was the most abundant species in TR419, song sparrow in US11M, black-capped chickadee in CC, and European starling in SwF.
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| The peak period of fall migration occurred between 20 September and 18 October. Peak days were 27 September in SwF and US11M, and 10 October in CC, and TR419. Marsh and field speci s migrated through earlier than species associated with woodlands with the exception of the Parulidae.
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| Twenty-two species of warblers were observed during the fall migration.
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| The majority migrated through the wooded plots between 12-20 September, and composed 40.0% of the individuals ,, resent. Warblers were seen in their 07020$
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| 261 largest concentrations in SwF and USllM between 13-27 September, at which time they composed 22.0% and 5.8% of the total individuals present, respectively.
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| The populations of warblers, for the most part, were greater than they were in 1977 (Ruhe 1978). Only the ovenbird and yellow-rumped warbler populations decre, sed from 1977.
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| Seasonal Population Comparisons Certain general trends and relationships in numbers of species and densities were found among the study plots. From winter through fall, the density of individuals increased in each season on all plots except the USllM (Fig. G-1) . During the same period, the total number of species for the season was higher during spring and fall and was lower in winter and summer except in owF. During the winter, the total community density was low because there were fewer species present than in other seasons. Food quantity is a limiting factor in the winter, therefore, competition becomes acute at a lower population density (Kendeigh 1961). As spring migration proceeded, both density and number of species increased. During the summer, the number of species present was less than the total number of species observed during spring migration, but, because reproduction occurred, the total summer densities surpassed those of the spring migration. Fall migration resulted in an increase in number of species and density brought about by the influx of both adult and young-of-the-year individuals.
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| $50$$b
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| 262 Breeding Bird Census A total of 32 species, representing 12 families, was observed on all four census plots (Table G-6). The highest number of species (19) was found in TR419, while US11M supported the most nesting territories (45.5). The ovenbird, wood thrush, field sparrow, and red-winged blackbird maintained the most territories in CC, TR419, SwF, and US11M, respectively.
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| The families Tyrannidae, Parulidae, and Paridae composed 42.8% of the total species in CC. The families Parulidae and Fringillidae composed 31.6% of the total species in TR419 and 88.9% of the species in SwF. The Fringillidae composed 40.0% of the total species in US11M.
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| Two broods of mallards and one brood of wood ducks were raised in US11M and the surrounding wetlands. The nesting sites, however, were not discovered.
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| Comparisons between the two wooded plots indicated some changes in their breeding populations from 1977 to 1978 (Ruhe 1978) . Of the total species observed in CC, 93.0% were also seen in TR419, but only 68.0% of the species observed in TR419 were observed in CC in 1978. This was a slight increase from the approximately 65.0% shared in common in 1977.
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| The wood thrush was the most abundant breeding species in TR419 as in 1977.
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| The bluejay and black-capped chickadee were next in abundance in 1977, but there was an 82.0% and 56.0% decrease in their populations, respectively.
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| In 1978, the scarlet tanager was second in abundance in TR419. In CC, the wood thrush decreased 43.0% from 7 to 4 nesting territories and dropped WODR,
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| 263 from the most abundant in 1977 to the second in abundance in 1978. The ovenbird increased in abundance from 5 to 6 nesting territories and was the most abundant nesting species in CC in 1978. These changes may not be significant. Balda (1975) noted that bird densities between years may vary as much as 80% for some species in study plots not physically altered between breeding seasons.
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| For the four plots combined, there was an increase of six breeding species from 1977.
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| Red-breasted nuthatches were observed nesting for the first time in both CC and TR419. The Susquehanna SES site is a southern extension of this species normal breeding area (personal communication, Chandler S.
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| Robbins, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Maryland) .
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| River Bird Survey of the 34 species observed during the spring migration (Table G-7),
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| 74.3% of the total number of individuals passed through the area between 22 March and 12 April. The greatest number of individuals (418) was observed on 29 Mr_cn and the highest number of species (19) was seen on 5 April. The Csnada goose was the most abundant waterfowl observed, followed by the mallard, and the wood duck. Of the nonwaterfowl, the ring-billed gull and Bonaparte's gull were the most abundant. Common mergansers composed from 30 to 90% of the early waterfowl populations in February and early March. By 15 March, black ducks, wood ducks, ring-necked ducks, and hooded mergansers began to arrive. On 22 and 29 March, u.~;r,ru n o# # L IA"d i I
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| 264 large numbers of Canada geese and wood ducks composed over 50% of the birds observed. Flights of Canada geese were heard migrating during the evenings of 20 and 21 March. While standing on the river bank,1,300 were observed from 0700 to 1100 h on 23 March. Large numbers of geese continued to migrate through until 12 April. Ring-billed gulls were present during the latter half of March and April and Bonaparte's gulls were observed in late March and early April. On 27 April and 22 May, osprey and spotted sand-pipers were the most abundant nonwaterfowl on the river, respectively.
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| There was an increase in mean numbers of spring migrants from 60.0 in 1977 (Ruhe 1978) to 183.1 in 1978. The index of birds /km (11.4) and the number of waterfowl-days (10,819) both increased about 2-fold during the same time period in 1978 compared with 1977.
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| Bird Impaction Census During the observation period,1 September through 31 October, 80 individuals impacted on the cooling tower, and 2 individuals were found at the met tower (Table G-8). A total of 17 species of 4 families was found. The two most frequently collected species at the cooling tower were the red-eyed vireo (16) and the bay-breasted warbler (10) . The highest incidents of impaction were found at the cooling tower on 13 and 14 Septcmber when 27 and 13 birds were collected, respectively. Most of these impactions (81.2%) occurred in September, with 51.2% of the total occurring from 11 to 14 September. The two individuals that collided with the met tower were a rose-breasted grosbeak on 14 September and a prarie warbler on 25 September. No endangered or threatened species were found.
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| MO2bb
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| 265 Local weather conditions have been reported to int rease bird mortality on meteorological towers (Kemper 1964, Avery et al. 19 ", 7) . Useally such conditions consist of overcast skys, of ten with precipitation; winds favorable for migration; and f n the fall, the passage of cold fronts (Brewer and Ellis 1958) . Avery et al, (1977) observed that in the fall in North Dakota, Fringillidae and Parulidae were killed in significantly greater numbers on overcast nights with northeasterly winds.
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| At the Susquehanna SES, 66.6% of all birds found impacted on overcast nights with northeasterly winds. Fringillidae and Parulidae composed 81.5%
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| of the birds found under these conditions. Of all the losses, 51.6% were found the morning af ter the passage of cold fronts, which is in agreement with Tardof f and Mengel (1956) and Laskey (1960) .
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| The impact mortality on the cooling tower and met tower at the Susquehanna SES was very low compared to data collected at other towers in the United States. One day kills have ranged from 23-69 birds (Avery et al. 1977) , 133-636 (Crawford 1978), to as high as 15,000 (Kemper 1964) .
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| Bellrose (1971) observed that small passerines migrate on a broad front with the majority flying at altitudes of 152-457 m above ground level (agl) .
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| Currently, the Unit 1 Cooling Tower is 152 m ag1; when completed, it will be 158 m ag1. The cooling tower for the Susquehanna SES, when completed, will exceed the highest local terrain elevation by about 40 m. The top of the tower is well below the observed altitude utilized the most of ten by migrant birds. If birds migrate along the river valley, the tower will extend 6 m above the 152 m agl minimum altitude listed by Bellrose (1971):
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| therefore, most migrant birds should pass over the tower.
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| 1/02b3
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| 266 Additional Animal Observations Although systematic surveys of terrestrial biota other than birds and plants were not made, observations of unusual occurrences of species not previously reported from the Susquehanna SES site, especially those listed as threatened or endangered, were recoroad in field notes. Four such observations were made in 1977 through 1978.
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| An eastern hognose snake (Heterodon platyrhinos) was observed on the QSH salt drift transect (Table F-1) on 30 March 1977. This species is listed as " status indeterminate (apparently threatened or uncommon to rare, but insufficient data currently avtilable on which to base a reliable assessment of status)" by the Pennsylvania Fish Commission (1978) . The snake was observed in an area not presently disturbed by construction.
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| Three species of mammals were observed and added to the species list for the Susquehanna SES site. None of the species are listed as endangered or threatened by the Pennsylvania Fish Commission (1978) or the U.S.
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| Department of Interior (1979) . Black bear (Ursus anericanus) tracks were observed on 27 April 1977 in a tilled field adjacent to North Field (Fig. F-1). The animal was not seen. One southern flyicg squirrel (Claycomys volans) was observed on a bird feeder at the Susquehanna SES Biological Laboratory on 7 December 1978. A mink (Nhstela vison) was observed on 11 December 1978 in the canal near Lake Took-a-while. This was the first sighting of a mink, but tracks have been observed since 1977.
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| !J70T/0
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| 267 REFERENCES CITED American Ornithologist's Union. 1957. Checklist of North American birds.
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| 5th ed. AOU, Baltimore, Md. 691 pp.
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| Arbib, R. 1977. The blue list for 1978. Am. Birds. 31: 1087-1096.
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| Avery, M., P. F. Springer, and J. F. Cassel. 1977. Weather influences on nocturnal bird mortality at a North Dakota tower. Wilson Bull.
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| 89: 291-299.
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| Balda, R. P. 1975. Vegetation structure and breeding bird diversity.
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| Pages 59-80 in D. R. Smith (ed.), Symposium on management of forest and range habitats for nongame birds. USDA For. Serv.,
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| Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-1.
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| Bellrose, F. C. 1971. The distribution of nocturnal migrants in the air space. Auk. 88: 397-424.
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| Bent, A. C. 1963. Life histories of North American wood warblers.
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| Dover Publ. , Inc. Few York, N.Y. 734 pp.
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| . 1965. Life histories of North American blackbirds, orioles, tanagers, and allies. Dover Publ . , Inc. , New York, N.Y. 549 pp.
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| Brewer, R. and J. A. Ellis. 1958. An analysis of migrating birds killed at a television tower in east-central Illinois, September 1955-May 1957. Auk. 75: 400-414.
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| Burton, J. R. 1976. Terrestrial ecology. Pages 280-314 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.), Ecological studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Progress report for the period January-December 1974) . Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, Pa.
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| Crawford, R. L. 1978. Autumn bird casualties at a northwest Florida TV tower: 1973-1975. Wilson Bull. 90: 335-345.
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| Hall,G. A. 1964. Breeding-bird censuses -- why and how. Am. Birds. 18:
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| 413-416.
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| 370271
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| 268 Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1973. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for the period January-December 1972) . Pa. Power and Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 658 pp.
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| . 1974. An ecological study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania (Progress report for period January-December 1973) . Pa. Power and Light Co. , Allentown, Pa.
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| 838 pp.
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| Kemper, C. A. 1964. A tower for TV, 30,000 dead birds. Audubon. March:
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| 86-90.
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| Kendeigh, S . C. 1961. Animal ecology. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 468 pp.
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| Laskey, A. R. 1960. Bird migration casualties and weather conditions, autumns 1958-1959-1960. Migrant. 31: 61-65.
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| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1978. Local climato-logical data, monthly summaries (Jan-Dec 1978) at Wilkes-Barre /
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| Scranton Airport, Avoca, Pennsylvania. Nat. Climatic Cent.,
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| Asheville, N.C.
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| Oekle, H. 1967. Thirty-five years of breeding-bird censas work in Europe. Audubon Field Notes. Decembe r: 635-641.
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| Pennsylvania Fish Commission. 1978. Pennsylvania's endangered fishes, reptiles, and amphibians. Pa. Fish Commission, Harrisburg, Pa.
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| mimeograph.
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| Ruhe, R. M. 1978. Birds. Pages 311-342 in T. V. Jacobsen (ed.),
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| Ecological studies of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (Annual report for 1977) .
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| Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Berwick, ?a.
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| Tardoff, H. G. and R. M. Mengel. 1956. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. 10: 1-44.
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| U.S. Department of Interior. 1979. List of endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. Federal Register. 44: 3636-3654.
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| W505l0
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| | |
| 269 Table C-1. Species of birds observed near the Susquehanna SES site, 19 7 3-74 and 19 7 7-78.
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| An asterisk denotes new species observed in 1978; t denotes blue listed birds observed in 1978 Gaviidae Phasianidae GrJia irr~cr - common loon Colinus virejinianus - bobwhite
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| * C. s tellata - red-throated loon
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| * Thasianus colchicus - ring-necked pheasant Podicipedidae Meleagridiaae Ibdiceps auritus - horned grebe M leajris gallopavo - turkey Todilym! as podiceps - pied-billed grebe Rallidae Tcrzz2 can: lina - sota Phalacrocoracidae .
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| + G22tiryla chlompus - common gallinule
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| * Thalacrocorar aunt tus - double-crested cormorant ' Fu!!ca a-cMr:a - American coot Ardeidae Charadriidae Ar&a 7.emdias - great blue heron chan:drius vociferus - killdeer Sutoridcs virescens - eastern green heron florida caerulca - little blue heren Scolopacidae Fubulcus ibis - cattle egret Philchela mincr - American woodcock Ca:merodius albus - comnum egret Capella pilinap - common snipe Egretta thula - snowy egret Actitis m2mlaria - spotted sandpiper Ny ct icom nycticarax - black-crowned night heron i TM nya solitada - solitary sandpiper Izobejehus crilis - 1 east bittern T. melanaleu?.as - greater yellowlegs Fot 2arus icntigincans - American bittern t T flavi es - lesser yellowlegs Limnodmmus priscus - short-billed dowitcher
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| * Anatidae Calidris -clanctcs - pectoral sandpiper O?or col mbianus - whistling swan Franta canahnsis - Canada goose 1.a rid ae E. bcrnicla - brant Larua mMnus - great black-backed gull Chen hyperbcwa - snow goose L. aryer tatus - herring gull Anas platyrhynchas - mallard L. dela w : sis - ring-billed gull A. rd Mpes - black duck I. philadelphia - Bonaparte's gull A. acuta - pintail Stema hirundo - common ternt A. camlinensis - green-winged teal A. diccors - blue-winged teal Columbidae A. cericana - American wigeon Col cha liria - rock dove Axis eponsa - wood duck 2cnai fum wrcum - mourning dove Aythya medem2 - redhead A. collaris - ring-necked duck Cuculidae A. valisine M a - canvasback t Coconus a*cric2nus - yellow-billed cutkoo*
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| A. marila - greater scaup C- ery throp th&us - black-billed cuckoo A. affinis - lesser scaup Fux; hala clangula - common goldeneye Strigidae F. albecla - buf flehead Otus asio - screech owl Clangula hycmalis - oldsquaw Falo virginianus - great-horned owl Melanitta deglandi - white-winged scoter Asic c!us - long-eared owl M. [wrcpiMllata - surf scoter A. **la ryw - short-eared owle t M. nigm - black scoter Crsum famaicensis - ruddy duck Caprimulgidae Merjus cucullatus - hooded merganser Chordellec mince - common nighthawk M. merytser - American merganser M. sermtcr - red-breasted merganser Apodidae Chaetum pelavica - chimney swif t Cathartidae Cathartcs aum - turkey vulture Trochilidae Archilochus coluiris - ruby-throated hummingbird i Accipitridae Acc:piter cocperii - Cooper's hawk t Alcedinidae A. stdatus - sharp-shinned hawk + 3Pymryle alyn - belted kingfisher Buteo jamaicensis - red-tailed hawk F. lineatus - red-shouldered hawk i Picidae S. platyp terus - broad-winged han B. lagopus - rough-legged hawk colaptes aumtus - common flicker Cryocopus pileatus - pileated woodpecker hhh7]
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| Haliaeetus leucocephalus - bald eagle Centurus camlinus - red-bellied woodpecker Circus cy2neus - marsh hawk i Sphympicus tuMks - yellow-bellied sapsucker Tendroccpcs villosus - hairy woodpecker t Pancionidae D. pd escens - downy woodpecker Pandicn haliaetus - ospreyf Tyrannidae Falconidae ?jNnnus tymnnus - eastern kingbird Falco pere]rir:us - peregrine falcon
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| * Mjiarchus crinitus - great crested flycatcher F. colmbarius - merlin Sayornis phoete - eastern phoebe F. sparverius - American kestrel i Empidenar flaviventMs - yellow-bellied flycatcher E. vireseens - acadian flycatcher Tetraonidae E, traillii - willow flycatcher Bonasa mbellus - ruf fed grouse E. minimus - least flycatcher
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| | |
| Table C-1 (cont.)
| |
| 270 Tyrannidae (cont.) Parulidae (cont.)
| |
| Centepus uirens - eastern wood pewee Parala americana - northern parula*
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| Nuttallcrnis borealis - olive-sided flycatcher
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| * Dendroica retechia - yellow warbler t D. map ol.*a - magnolia warbler Alaudidae D. tigrina - Cape May warbler Erencphila alpestris - horned lark
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| * D. caerulescens - black-throated blue warbler D. ccronata - yellow-rumped warbler Hirundinidae D. virens - black-throated green warbler Iridormens bicolor - tree swallow D. cerulea - Cerulean warbler Riparia riparia - bank swallow D. fusca - blackburnian warbler Stelgidepteryx ruficollis - rough-winged swallow D. doeinica - yellow-throated warbler Hirundo rustica - barn swallow D. pensylvanica - chestnut-sided warbler Petrochelidon pyrrhonota - cliff swallow D. cas tanea - bay-breasted warbler Progne subis - purple martint D. striata - blackpoll warbler D. pinus - pine warbler
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| * Corvidae D discolor - prairie warbler Cyanocitta cristata - blue Jay D. palmarur - palm warbler Corvus bmchyrhynchos - common crow Ceiurus a:wocapillus - ovenbird C casifmgus - fish crow S. novebomcensis - northern waterthrush S. motacilla - Louisiana waterthrush Paridae Cporonia agilis - Connecticut warbler Parus atricapillus - black-capped chickadee O. philadelphia - mourning warbler P. bicolor - tuf ted titmouse Geothlypfs trichas - yellowthroat Icteria virens - yellow-breasted chatet Sittidae Wilsenia citrina - hooded warbler Sitta camlinensis - white-breasted nuthatch W pusilla - Wilson's warbler
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| * S. canadensis - red-breasted nuthatch v. canadensis - Canada warbler Sctc; hag: ruticilla - American redstart Certhiidae Certhia familiaris - brown creeper Ploceldae Passer domesticus - house sparrow Troglodytidae Tmgladg!es aedon - house wren Icteridae T. troglo4tes - winter wren Dolichonyx orgaivorus - bobolink "hrjothorus tudovicianus - Carolina wren Sturnella mya - eastern meadowlark Telnatodytee palustris - long-billed marsh Agelaius phoeniceas - red-winged blackbird laterus epurius - orchard oriote Mimidae I galbula - northern oriole Nimus polyglottos - mockingbird Euphagus carolinus - rusty blackbird Dumetella carolinensis - catbird Quiscalus quiscula - common grackle Toxostoma rufum - brown thrasher Molothrus ater - brown-headed cowbird Turdidae Thraupidae
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| 'urdus migmtorius - robin Piranja olivacea - scarlet tanager Hyloeichla mustelina - wood thrush Cathama guttata - hermit thrush Fringillidae C. ustulata - Swainson's thrush Cardinalis cardinalis - cardinc.
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| C. minima - gray-cheeked thrush Theucticus ludovicianus - rose-breasted grosbeak C. fuscescens - veery Cuimca caerulea - blue grosbeak Sialia sialis - eastern bluebirdt Passerina cyanea - indigo bunting Heeperiphona vee;,ertina - evening grosbeak Sy1viidae Carpodacus purpureus - purple finch Polioptila caerulea - blue-gray gnatcatcher C. mexicanus - house finch Fegulus satrapa - golden-crowned kinglet Acanthis flamea - common redpoll R. calendula - ruby-crowned kinglet Spinus pinus - pine siskin S. tristis - American goldfinch Motacillidae Pipilo ergthmphthalmus - rufous-sided towhee Anthus spinoletta - water pipit Passerslas sandaichensis - savannah sparrow Amodm ws sa;pannarum - grasshopper sparrow Bombycillidae A reepise caudacuta - sharp-tailed sparrow
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| * Bo-bycilla cedrorum - cedar waxwing Pooecates gramincus - vesper sparrow t Junco hyemalis - dark-eyed junco Sturnidae Spisella arborea - tree sparrow Sturnus vulgaris - starling S. pascerina - chipping sparrow
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| [ S. pusilla - field sparrow t Vireonidae 00nothrichia leucephrys - white-crowned sparrow Vireo griseus - white-eyed vireo 2. albicollis - white-throated sparrow V. flavifrons - yellow-throated vireo Passerella iliaca - fox sparrow
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| : v. solitarius - solitary vireo Nelospiza lincolnii - Lincoln's sparrow
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| * V. olivaceus - red-eyed vireo M. georgiana - swamp sparrow
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| : v. gilvus - warbling virect M. melodia - song sparrow Plectrcphenar nivalis - snow bunting Parulidae Nniotilta varia - black and white warbler Helmitherca vemivorus - worm-eating warbler Vemivora chrysoptem - golden-winged warbler
| |
| * V. pinus - blue-winged wattler V. penegrina - Tennessee warbler hy [, g.,
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| m (4M V. ruficapilla - Nashville warbler
| |
| | |
| 271 o
| |
| Thble G-2. Mean density (no./km ). relative density (t), and relative frequency (t) of birds observed in Council Cup Forest, TR419 Forest, Switchyard Field, and US 11 Marsh during the winter bird census, 15 December 1977 through February 1978.
| |
| CC FGhEST Th419 FOREST Sh1TCHYA ED FIELD US 11 MA P.SH SPLCILS MD hD RF MD hD RF MD RD RF MD RD RF hEDsIAILLD hAhk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.5 3.1 A >.L h 1 CAh kESTFEL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.5 3.1 kutFLD Gh0Ubh 13.3 2.5 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hlhG-hLCh PhLASAhT 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 1.5 4.6 EILLDLLH 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.5 OChMUh bhlFL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.5 hAlkY WOCDPLCEER 3. 3 0.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C 0.0 LGhh1 h0GDFLCKLk 43.3 B.0 11.8 9.0 5.1 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 0.7 3.1 uLLL J AY 13.3 2.5 5.9 9.0 5.1 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 1.5 6.2 UDMMuh Ch0h 20.0 3.7 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.5 1.5 BLACh-CAF E LL CHICKACLE 70.0 12 .9 11.8 57.9 32.3 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.5 3.1 Tut 1LD Tilh00$L 16.7 3.1 2.9 16.3 9.1 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wh1TL-OkEAb1LD hL1 HATCH 36.7 6.7 14.7 16.3 9.1 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bh0hh CkEEFER 16.7 3.1 8.8 5.4 3.0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
| |
| )OCKINGBlhD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.5 3.1 lab 1Lhh bLULBiht 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.3 5.2 7.7 00LLLh-ChbhhtL h!NGLLI 56.7 10.4 5.9 63.3 35.4 16.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hEDhlhGED bLACkbthL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.5 hoh1hthh LAhDlhAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.1 6.9 10.8 LVLh thG Gh0SbEAK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.9 4.9 1.5 tuhPLE tIhCH 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 1.0 1.5 klhL GkOSBLAK 3. 3 0.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LOMMCh hEDF0LL 66.7 12.3 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 1.0 3.1 A>1blCAh GOLLFlhCH 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 1.0 1.5 LAhK-LYLD J LhCO 170.0 31.3 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.u thtL SFAhh0h 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 S.O 335.6 34.5 av.8 61LLD SFAb koh 0.0 0.0 0.0 00 0.0 0.0 r
| |
| .. 3.0 0.0 16.8 1." 7.7 hh11 L-Tnh0AT LD SF AbkOh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.f 0.0 0.0 0.0 u.0 0.0 4.8 0.5 1.5 bhAMP SEAkh0h 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.5 4.7 10.8 bohG SF Abhok 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 309.2 31.8 10.8 D
| |
| #1' D q:se:.,Eh
| |
| '{
| |
| ~
| |
| aT4 wJU.Al L
| |
| ~
| |
| a w
| |
| so: p*JfSevm.t)=
| |
| er is
| |
| | |
| ~ ~ ~ .-
| |
| 272 2
| |
| Table G-3. Mean density (no./km ), relative density (t), and relative frequency (t) of birde observed in Council Cup Forest, TP419 Forest, Switchyard Field. and US 11 Marsh during the spring migration bird census. March through 14 May 3978.
| |
| CC FOREST TR419 FORES 1 Sh1TCHYARD FILLC US 11 PAPSH
| |
| & FLCI LS MD RD RF MD ED RF MC SD PF MD kD PF k AST L kh GbE Lh hE60h 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 Ahth!CAN WITTLkh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 FALLA kD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.1 5.7 4.4 h000 LUCE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.6 1.7 3.3 LO&hAhn 2.4 0.4 1. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ShAkF-ShlhhED BAha 4.8 0.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ALL-1 AILLD hAhk 2.4 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 A>1h1CAN kLS1kEL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.1 2.9 5.6 0.5 2.2 NJfFLD G EL5L 2.4 0.4 1.0 7.5 1.9 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 TbkkkY 2.4 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bObA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 (Lhh0N GALL 1hbLL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 k1LLLLLk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 2.2 2.9 8.4 0.7 2.2 CDhMk bh1PL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.1 5.7 5.5 hPO11LD bAhEPIFLk 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 bOL11AkY SAhLP1FLk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.4 3.1 3.3 Gk1ATLR YLLLW LLG5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.4 0.7 2.2 LLSSLk 1LLLWLEG6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.5 1.1 P00khlhG 00bL 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.7 1.0 4.8 2.2 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ch1AT h0RhED 0hL 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CChhuh FLIC*LR 19.0 3.2 4.2 10.6 2.6 4.1 4.8 2.2 5.7 0.0 6.0 0.0 YLLL0h-BELL 1LC SAF5UCELk 2.4 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HAlkY h00CPLCFLk 9.5 1.6 3.1 3.0 0.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 D0hhY h00LPLCKLk 9.5 1.6 3.1 6.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LASTLkh ElhCBikL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 GkLAT CkESTLD FLYCATCHER 4.8 0.8 1.0 3.0 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LA6T L kh PhotbL 2.4 0.4 1.0 3.0 0.7 1.0 2.4 1.1 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 m1LLLh tLiCATLaLk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 LLAbT F LYC A1 CHE R 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LA b1 L kh h00L FLhEL 2.4 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bLLL J AY 23.8 4.0 5.2 21.1 5.2 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.5 2.2 WMh0h CEm 2.4 L.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bLACE-CAFFLO CHICKALLL $7.1 9.7 6.3 67.9 16.9 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tut 1LD T11h00th 9.5 1.6 3.1 22.6 5.6 6.1 0. 0 b.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 kn1TL-bkLASTLD hbThATCH 19.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 0.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kEL-bbEALILC hUthATCH 19.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 0.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 B k0 hh CkLLILk 4.8 0.h 2.1 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 HOUSL hkEh 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.4 1. 0 0.0 0.0 w.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Loh0-BILLLL hAf bH hkth 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 1.1 OkAY CATbikL 4.8 0.8 2.1 9.0 2.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.6 1.7 3.3 AALk1CAh kOB1h 2.4 0.4 1.0 7.5 1.9 3.1 19.2 9.0 8.6 64.3 5. 5 6.6 WOD ThnSH 33.3 5.7 3.. 18.1 4.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 htkAIT THkbSh 28.6 4.9 .2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ShAlhbOh'S ThkUSH s 4 0_; 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
| |
| %LLkY 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bLLL-GkAY GhATCATChLE 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 1.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GGLLLh-CEChhEC K1hGLL1 11.9 2.C 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kUut-Ch0hhtC EthCLL1 16.7 2.1 3.1 4.5 1.1 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LLLAk hAxhlhG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.0 1.2 1.1 b1AkL1h6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.f 6.7 8 .6 0.0 0.0 0.0 bCL11AkY vikL0 4.8 0.6 2.1 3.0 0.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kLL-LiLD V16LG 4.8 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.4 1. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hAHbL1hG Vikib 0.0 0.0 0.0 1. 5 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bLACE-AhL-hn11 L hA kB LL k h0kh-LATIhG hAkB LLk 4.8 0.8 1.0 7.5 1.9 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 h 00LLLh-hl hCLD hA kbLL k 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0-0 6.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 4.b 0.0 2.2 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %
| |
| mLLL-hihGLL hAhnLLk iLLLOh hAkBLLk O.0 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 1.1 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 30.8 0.0 2.6 0.0 4.4 N
| |
| r==.
| |
| FA0h0LIA hAbbLLk uLAtk-thh0ATED DLLE hAbbLLS 7.1 2.4 1.J 0.4 2.1
| |
| : 1. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Y
| |
| YLLLOh-kkhPLC hAkbLLk 14.3 2.4 3.1 10.6 2.6 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.5 1.1 des BLALk-inkCA1LL GkELh hAkbLLE 7.1 1.2 2.1 9.0 2.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 V4 mLAthbukh1Ah hAkBLLk 4.8 0.6 2.1 4.5 1.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CnLS1hbi-SILLL hA kbLLk G.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 mLAckt0LL hAkbLLE 2.4 0.4 1.0 0 . 8- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 F1hL hAkbLLk 4.8 0.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 thAlk1L hAkbLLk 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ov LNbI E 21.4 3.6 2.1 15.1 3.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 YLLL0hthh0AT 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 3.0 1.0 19.2 9.0 8.6 16.8 4 2.2 h1L 5GN 's hA k B LL k C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.5 1.1 CAhALA hAkblLk 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
| |
| --c3 AALk1CAh 6LLSTAkT 4.8 0.8 1.0 6.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.5 1.1 LAS1Lkh kLAL0hLAka 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.1 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 O g1 kELhlhGLD BLAC5BikL okChA E Chl0LL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.C 0.0 7.2 2.4 3.4 1.1 8.6 2.9 371.9 0.0 31.7 0.0 6.6 0.0 h0k1hthh Gkl0LL 4.8 0.8 1.0 7.5 1.9 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.2 1.1 kbSTt BLAckbikL 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 1.4 1.1 Q Wh>Oh GkACh LL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86.7 7.4 5.5
| |
| $ bkOhN-HkALLD CChb1kL 3.1 22.6 4.1 y) { SLAkLET TAhAGLk h0kthLah CAkD1hAL 21.4 14.3 0.0 3.6 2.4 0.0 3.1 0.0 7.5 10.6 5.6 1.9 2.6 2.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 16.8 0.2 0.0 1.4 1.1 0.0 4.4 10$L-ukEAb1 LD GkubbtAK 9.5 1.6 2.1 7.5 1.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 g1 LVLhthG GbOSbLAk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 h~
| |
| I PbkFLL F1 hot P1hb GEOSbEAR 28.6 63.3 4.9 14 .2 3.1 1.0 4.5 0.0 1.1 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.7 0.0 0.5 5.0 0.0 1.1 3.3 0.0 AhLk1LAh G0LLF1hch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.5 2.2 C""3 4 006-SILLD 10hhtL 11.9 2.0 2.1 18.1 4.5 5.1 0.0 L.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
| |
| 'LAkK-L)LD J LhCG 28.6 4.9 2.1 13.6 3.4 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ln1FFIhG SEAkk0h 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91LLD b& AkkOh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69.7 32.6 17.1 11.2 1.0 1.1 kn11L-ThkCA1LL SFAkkoh 0.0 0. 0 0.0 9.0 2.2 2.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.5 2.2 tuh bE Akhch 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6hAMP SFAkioh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 5.6 2.9 50.3 4.3 5.5 50hb 6FAkkom 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.9 19.1 17.1 125.8 10.7 6.6
| |
| | |
| 273 Table G-4. Mean density (no./km ), kelative density (t) , and relative frequency (t) of birds observed in Council Cup Forest, TR419 Forest, Switchyard Field, and US 11 Marsh during the summer bird census, 15 May through July 1978.
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| CC FGkLST 19419 fChtET Sh1TOi1AkD FIELD U S 11 FA RSh SPLCILS MD kL HF MD RD kl hD ED kF MD kD BF LAbTLkN GhEEh HLbCh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.4 0.7 1.8 AtikiCAh B111Lbh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.4 0.7 3,6 MALLAhD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.5 6.5 3.6 h00L DUCE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.5 4.7 1.8 kuttLD GNOL6L 6.7 1.0 2.3 1.8 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AkikiCAm h0CCCW 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 1.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MOLkhlhG LC%L 3. 3 0.5 1.2 3.6 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 YLLLa g!LLLD CLCEOG 3.3 0.5 1.2 1.8 0.3 0.9 4.8 0.8 2.4 C.0 0.0 0.0 BLACE41LLEL CUCEOO 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.4 1.8 WMMOh P LI CBE k b.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 1.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hAlkY h00EPLCktk 6.7 1.0 2.3 7.2 1.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LOhhY h000FLCREk 3. 3 0.5 1.2 3.6 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LASTEkh EthG41bD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 4.1 7.3 8.4 0.7 1.8 GkEAT CkESTED F LYCATChha 46.7 7.3 5.8 7.2 1.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 h1 L'.Oh ELTCATCbEE 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.7 5.0 7.1 LE A:1 FL1CA1 Chek 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.3 C.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.4 1.8 LAS'.Lkh h000 FLhEE 20.0 3.1 5.8 18.1 2.9 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 BLOL J AY 30.0 4.7 4.7 29.0 4.7 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.4 1.8 blat E-CAE FLD Ch1CRALEE 11.3 2.1 2.3 25.3 4.1 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1091LD 111h005E 13.3 2.1 3. 5 16.3 2.6 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 h.1TL-bktA51LD huthA1CH 10.0 1.6 2.3 1.8 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
| |
| : LD-s ktAb1 LD h L1hA10H 6.7 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 uuLSL hhLh 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 1.2 1.7 4.8 0.8 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 GmAV CAlb1kD 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.5 3.8 3.4 24.0 4.1 4.9 29.4 2.5 5.4 bkOhh ThkAbhEh G.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.8 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ahtk1CAN kOBib 10.0 1.6 3. 5 10.9 1.7 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.7 5.0 7.1 h00D 1haLSu 33.3 5.2 4.7 63.3 10.2 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LhAih50h 's t hbL5h 3.3 0.5 1.2 19.9 3.2 0.9 0.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GkAY-LhEEEED ThBUSh 6.7 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 VELkt 6.7 1.0 1. 2 3.6 0.6 0. 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 BLLL-GkAY GhATCAICHER 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kUbi-Ch0hhED E1hGLLT 3. 3 0.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CLDAk kAXhthG 43.3 6.8 3.5 3.6 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.4 2.5 1.8 ST A kL 1hG 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52.9 9.1 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 ELD-EYED VIELO $0. 0 7.9 5.8 25.3 4.1 3.4 4.8 0.8 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 BLACh-AhD-hh1TE hAkBLLk 30.0 4.7 5.8 25.3 4.1 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hokh-LAT1hG hAkbLEk 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GOLLEN-hlhGED hAkBLLB 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 1.7 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 TLhhtS5LE hAkbLEN 6.7 1.0 1.2 43.4 7.0 1.7 4.8 0.8 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 i tiLOh hAFBLLk 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 4.1 7.3 71.3 6.1 7.1 MAQ.0LIA hAkbLEk 3. 3 0.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bLACE-ThkOATED BLUE hAFBLEk 16.7 2.6 1.2 3.6 0.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 iLLLOh-HUkktD hAkaLEk 33.3 5.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bLACE-ThkOATED Gk1EN hAkBLER 10.0 1.6 1.2 1.8 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 BLACkBUkNIAN hAkbLED 13.3 2.1 1.2 1.8 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHESthbT-SILED hA kbLEP C.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.9 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 B AY-ekEAST ED hAkBLER 16.7 2.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 BLACkPOLL b.AFBLEh 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 1.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.4 1.8 P1hL hAkbLLk 3. 3 0.5 1.2 1.8 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 OVL ha l kD 50.0 7.9 5.8 18.1 2.9 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ILLLoh1hh0AT 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.9 1.7 86.5 14.9 9.8 54.5 4.7 7.1 iLLLOh-BkEASTED CHAT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.5 6.6 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 AhEDICAN kLDSTANT 16.7 2.6 2.3 27.1 4.4 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 kEDhlhCED bLACEbikD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440.4 37.6 7.1 hokTHEkh OE10LE 3.3 0.5 1.2 7.2 1.2 2.6 9.6 1.7 2.4 4.2 0.4 1.0 C0h>Oh GRACELE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 1.4 5.4 bkOhh-bEACED CW BIED 16.7 2.6 3.5 38.0 6.1 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6CAktLT 1AhAGLh 56.7 8.9 58 34.4 5.5 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 huk1htkh CAkCINAL 0.0 0.0 .0 21.7 3.5 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 1.4 3.6 EOSL-BRLAST ED GkOSbEAK 20.0 3.1 a.8 27.1 4.4 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.4 1.8 thDIGO BUh11hG 6.7 1.0 1.2 7.2 1.2 2.6 43.3 7.4 7.3 4.2 0,4 1.8 P0kPLE tihcu 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 2.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AMERICAN GOLCF1hCM 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.3 0.9 4,8 0.8 2.4 50.3 4.3 5.4 MJ tOUS-SILED TMHEE 13.3 2.1 3. 5 19.9 3.2 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHIPFING SPABkOh 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.4 1.8 FIII.D SPARkOh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 173.1 29.8 9.8 12.6 1.1 3.6 ShAMP SPAkaoh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.6 2.9 5.4 SObG SPAkkOh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.7 9.9 9.8 109.1 9.3 7.1 QA o o b...0n.w.o
| |
| ; .ti aUl o ~p - -
| |
| 9 oAl_S_1 A 2
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| | |
| D' D wo
| |
| ~
| |
| T
| |
| ~
| |
| D I
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| 3
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| %) -% = 0 1 1able G-5. Mean density (no./km ), relative density (t), and relative frequency (t) of birds observed in Council Cup Forest, TP419 Forest, Switchyard Field, and US 11 Marsh during the fall migration bird census, 15 August through November 1970.
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| CC IOkEST TE419 FOREST ShlTCHYAFD FIELL US 11 MARSH SFLCILS MD hD EF MD RD Rf MD RD RF MD RD RF GkLAT bLLL hEEGb 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LA STL bh GFLLh hkhGh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.2
| |
| >ALLAbD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 0.6 2.3 Ch ELN->1 hGLD T LA L 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.2 bLLL-hlhGEL TEAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 0.6 1.2 ELL TAILED HAhk 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bhbAL+mlhGLL hAhk 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AkLh!CAN REST EL L 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 hLitLD Gh0LLE 26.2 4.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 COMFOh sh!FL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 MGLhhlhG Lovt 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 0.8 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 1.5 2.4 C.0 0.0 0.0 hLbi-ThkOAI LL hbF)llI4B1kL C. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.2 LOMoh E Llut h 11.9 1.8 3.4 6.5 0.9 2.2 5.5 0.7 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 rLLL0h-DLLLILL SAFELLkLS 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hAlhY WOCLFLL*LR 4.8 0.7 2.3 6.5 0.9 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LGhh1 huGLFLCFLR 0.0 31.0 4.8 6.9 9.0 1.3 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.2 LA bT L F h kIhGb!EL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 0.8 2.3 GkE AT L*LSTEL f tYCAlChER 2.4 0.4 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 LA 51L kh Ph0Lb" 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.S hlLL0h ILYCATLaLR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.J 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 1.3 2.3 LA61LFh h000 ethel 4.8 0.7 1.1 11.e 1.7 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 0.0 OLik k-51L LL t LiLAt thLk 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 bLLL J AY 45.2 7.0 5.7 18.1 3.7 bLAth-LAPktL ChlLEALLL 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.4 1.2 104.6 16.2 8.0 68.5 9.9 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 e.8 0.4 1.2 1Lk1LD Ili>LLst 14.3 2.2 2.3 14.2 2.1 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 hh11L-bkEA51LD hL1hAILH 18.6 4.4 5.7 9.0 1.3 3.7 S.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 h ku kh thELith 4.8 0.7 1.1 6.5 0.9 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 toLSE kbth 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.4 1.5 24.7 3.3 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
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| >AA k i hW 1 b D 0.0 0.0 0. 0 LhA1 CAlb1hL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1..
| |
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| 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ahth1Lah LOLLF1hCH 11.9 1.6 1.1 5.2 0.8 0.7 46.7 6.3 7.1 79.1 7.0 7.0 kLtOUb-SILLL 10hhtL 4.6 0.7 2.3 15.5 2.3 4.5 13.7 1.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 SAVAhhAh SFAbbth 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.4 1.2 shAhP-1 AI LED 55 AkIOh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.2 1.2 LAhn-LYLD Jthto 61.9 9.6 3.4 12.9 1.9 2.2 68.7 9.2 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 ThLE SPAkkCh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 flLLL b F Ak h0h 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.7 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71.4 9.6 7.1 2.4 0.2 1.2 hh11L-LkchhLD SFAkhch 0.0 0. 0 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.4 1. 3 1.2 whl1 L-T ahOn1 LL S E AbhCh 2.4 0.4 1.1 118.9 17.3 1.5 5.5 0.7 2.4 47.9 4.2 4.7 L1hLOLh '$ S FAkhch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 0.8 2.3 smA>F SFAbhbh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.9 7.4 8.1 bohL hPAkkch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.9 10.3 16.7 352.3 31.1 8.1
| |
| | |
| 275 Table C-6. Number, density (no./km ), and relative density (R.D.) of breeding bird territories observed in Council Cup and TM419 Fcrests, Switchyard Field, and US 11 N rsh during the breeding bird survey, WV through June 1978.
| |
| Family / Species CC Forest TR419 Forest Switchyard Field __ l'S 11 Marsh Territories No. No./km2 R.D. No. No./km2 R.D. No. No./km2 R.D. No. No./km2 g,0, Tetraonidae Ruffed grouse 1.0 10.5 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tyrannidae creat-crested flycatcher 2.0 33.0 6.2 1.0 9.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Willow flycatcher 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 57.6 6.5 Eastern wood pewee 2.0 33.0 6.. 1.0 9.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Corvidae Blue jay 2.0 33.0 6.2 1.0 9.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.J 0.0 0.0 0.0 Paridae Black-capped chickadee 1.0 16.5 3.1 3.0 27.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 Tufted titmouse 1.0 16.5 3.1 2.0 18.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sittidae knite-breasted nuthatc? 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Red-breasted nuthatch 1.0 16.5 3.1 1.0 9.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 04 Mimidae Gray catbird 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 18.0 4.6 1.5 25.2 7.3 2.0 38.4 4.4 Turdidae American robin 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 38.4 4.4 Wood thrush 4.0 66.0 12.5 7.0 63.0 16.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Vi rconid a.
| |
| Red-eyed vireo 4.0 66.0 12.5 3.0 .27.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Parulidae Black and white warbler 2.0 33.0 6.2 2.0 18.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Yellow warbler 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 25.2 7.3 4.0 76.8 8.7 ovenbird 6.0 99.0 18.8 3.0 27.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Yellowthroat 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 50.4 14.6 3.0 57.6 6.6 Yellow-breasted chat 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 16.8 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 Golden-winged warbler 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 8.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 American redstart 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Icteridae Northern oriole 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 9.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Red-winged blackhird 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 22.0 422.4 48.4 Brown-headed cowSird 2.0 33.0 6.2 4.0 36.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tt taup t dae Scarlet tanager 3.0 49.5 9.4 4.0 36.0 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Fringillidae Northern cardinal 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 18.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 38.4 4.4 Rose-breasted grosbeak 1.0 16.5 3.1 2.0 18.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Indigo bunting 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 16.8 4.9 0.5 9.6 1.1 American goldfinch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 67.2 14.5 5.0 96.0 10.9 Rufeeg-sided towhee 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 18.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Swamp sparrow 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 38.4 4.4 yield sparrow 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ') . O 7.5 126.0 36.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Sing sparrow 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 8.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Totals 32.0 528.0 99.7 43.0 387.0 99.6 20.5 344.4 100.0 45.5 873.6 99.9
| |
| &v.O* is-
| |
| | |
| 276 .
| |
| t b
| |
| Table G-7. Number of birds observed during nine censuses sa the Srsquenanna River, 28 February through 22 M.ny 1978.
| |
| SFtLits 28 7e7 15 >Ah 22 MA5 49 MA ' 5 APR 12 APR 21 APH 27 MB 22 MAY MEAN 1 TUIAL KHdD GLBL 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.3 FitL-b!IIJD QLtE O 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 WLLLLK.M.LTED COMMAfC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .1 0.1 QLAI BLOL 161th C 0 1 5 3 0 4 0 2 1.7 0.9 1ASIEMe GL!J. hLKh 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.1 0.1 BIAO-CMatD h1Gf1 HLMA O O~ O O 2 0 2 0 0 0.4 0.2 uhALA uC6L 0 0 73 200 3 75 15 14 2 43.1 23.5 w a St. 0 12 C i 16 33 32 10 3 0 11.8 6.4 FAILA44s 4 2 l'J (2 66 44 17 16 9 23.3 12.7 btAK WO O 13 8 15 30 24 10 1 1 11.3 6.2 FIN 1 AIL 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0. 2 QLt}.-kihGD ital 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0.4 0.2 b1LL+1%ti ' , tAL 0 7 0 4 16 10 24 2 0 7.0 3.8 A>dAluh h!LGl* 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 0.3 0.2 WXL LAs0 0 14 ~ 46 45 28 26 26 6 2 21.4 11.7 MMr4.tLMD LA4K 0 10 0 40 50 10 0 0 0 12.2 6.7 uhkAbhAO O O O O 11 2 0 0 0 1.4 0.8 OLAltA ELAUP O t- 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 4.4 2.4 LISE1A SOLP O O 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.1 QJMA WILT 2. lie 2 4- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.4 tL t ti.fidAc 1 0 0 5 3 0 1 0 0 1.1 0.6 (ILWJM 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.2 hh11L-hitG L 5dntA O O O O 3 0 0 0 0 0.3 0, 2 KILID M1F M61R 0 ' 16 20 14 20 0 0 7 0 7.3 4.0
| |
| (.LMKN FD6 Ahsth 75 33 9 3 2 0 0 0 0 13.6 7.4 MD-M1AP 'O ttXAhSER O O O O 4 7 5 0 0 1.8 1.0 EIPLY 0 0 0 0 0 3 '10 9 0 2.4 1.3 KItir11A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 SWI*nD EAbbElith L G 0 0 0 1 0 1 11 1.4 0.8 GEMLk YLIJLkI!2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0.4 0.2 LISSLk iLL11hlJ16 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0.3 0.2 htARING (411 0 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0.7 0.4 kIh(rii1LLID QJLL 0 11 28 20 0 0 1 1 0 6.8 3.7 BohAFAMIL'S (.LLL 0 0 0 4 32 0 0 0 0 4.0 2.2 bt1 TID KIKilbhtA 1 0 1 0 0 3 3 1 2 1.2 0-7
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| '1 VIAL 63 118 210 418 353 243 1 36 56 31 183.1 e
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| Table C-8. Combined weekly bird impaction totals f rom the Meteorological Tower and Unit 1 Cooling Tower, 1 September through 31 October 1978.
| |
| Species September October Total 1-9 11-15 18-22 25-29 2-6 8-13 16-20 23-27 Sylviidae Ruby-crowned kinglet 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 Vireonidae Red-eyed vireo 4 '4 0 3 4 0 1 0 16 Vireo spp. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Parulidae Black and white warbler 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Tennessee warbler 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Northern parula 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 Magnolia warbler 1 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 O Black-throated green warbler 0 3 0 3 2 0 0 0 8 Black-throated blue warbler 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Blackburnian warbler 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 Bay-breasted warbler 0 8 0 1 1 0 0 v 10 Blackpoll warbler 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 Pine warbler 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 Prairie warbler 0 0 0 2a 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Ovenbird 2 Common yellowthroat 0 7 0 1 0 1 0 0 9 Connecticut warbler 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 g[
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| g v 0 1 C
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| pg Fringillidae 0 2 Q) Rose-breasted grosbeak 0 la 0 1 0 0 0 A
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| 12 42 0 13 12 2 1 0 82 Total One bird observed at the meterological tower.
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| Fig. C-2. Phenological occurrence of birds observed near the Susquehanna SES, 1978.
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| 282 LA$1kkh SLOLhlkD M E bLbk-tkAt WeA10ATCMLk LOLDLh-Ca0hh1D Bl%LLT kLet-thchhLD alhCLLT m CLLAR hAth!E 61 AkLIhG hh1TL-LYLL b ikEO 9 V LL1ht-T WEA1 LD V 1kLO E 50LITA31 Wikku kLD-L1LD b!hEO hAbbL1hG blkEO bk At h-AhL-kh1TE hAkSLik hGhM-LATIhG hAkBLLk GOLLLh-hlNGLD hAhhLLE M k LL L-b1hCLD hA kbLLk M TLhhESSEL hAkBLES M M Abt hLkh P Akb LA E YLLL0h hA he Lt k -
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| I LLL0h-ShL AST ED CHAT h1 L%h 'S hA kBLER M M JAh FL9 hAR !.PR MAI JUh JUL AUG 6LP OCT NOV DEC Fig. G-2 (cont.)
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| 283 CAhACA hAkBLLk B B AMLk1CAh hEDb1 Akt w
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| OO D D aaS epg7 370267 a JU _ Al _ _lL u _a
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| 264 ACKNOWLEDCMENTS Special recognition is due James M. Chance who computerized data, conducted statistical analyses, and assisted in writing various sections of the report. Thanks are due Marion S. Hidlay who typed and collated the report, and who also assured the uniformity of its format. Dr.
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| Edward C. Raney and John Homa, Jr. are gratefully acknowledged for their constructive review of the report. The Pennsylvania Power and Light Company also deserves thanks for sponsoring the studies.
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| 3702/38
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| 285 PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT DURING 1978 Project Director Theodore V. Jacobsen, A. A.S. Paul Smith's College; B.S. Cornell University; M.S. Iowa State University Aquatic Research Director William F. Gale, B.A., M.S. Southern Illinois University; Ph.D.
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| Iowa State University Terrestrial Research Director James D. Montgomery, B.S. Bucknell University; M.S., Ph.D. Rutgers University Research Coordinator Gerard L. Buynak, B.S. Lock Haven State College; M.S. Southern Illinois University Research Biologists William G. Deutsch, B.S. Houghton College; M. A. State University of New York at Binghamton Andrew J. Gurzynski, B.S. Bloomsburg State College Har ald W. Mohr, Jr. , B. A. Bloomsburg State College Robert M. Ruhe, P.S. University of Tennessee; M.S. Louisiana State University Lynn Sabin, B. A. , M. A. Southern Illinois University Walter J. Soya, B.A. Hiram Scott College Biometrician James M. Chance, B. A. Washington and Lee University; A.M. University .
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| of Pennsylvania Executive Secretary Marion S. Hidlay O'50N'b3
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| 286 Research Aids Linda S. Camillocci, B.A. Bloomsburg State College Scott J. Creveling, B.A. Grove City College; M.B.A. Bloomsburg State College Roy A. Fern, Columbia-Montour Area Vocational-Technical School Cynthia A. Gale, candidate for A. A.S. Luzerne County Community College Mark K. Gale, student at Berwick Area High School William H. Gearhart, B.S. Pennsylvania State University Douglas A. Gross, B.S. Pennsylvania Starc University; candidate for M.S.
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| Bloomsburg State College Rebecca K. Lockard, student at Columbia-Montour Area Vocational-Technical School Bradley L. Moharter, candidate for B.S. Bloomsburg State College David V. Scanlon, candidate for B.S. Bloomsburg State College Mary 1. S _ nley, B. A. University of California at Davis Robert D. Stelbing, s tudent at Columbia-Montour Area Vocational-Technical School Dennis G. Whitesell, candidate for B.S. Bloomsburg State College Laurie E. Wiest, B.S., candidate for M.S. Bloomsburg S tate College Thomas J. Zaborsky, candidate for B.S. Kings College Maintenance Engineer J. Charles Bredbenner Domestics Catherine C. Barski Bercadine T. Smith 370230
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| 237 ABSTRACTS OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS BY THE STAFF OF THE SUSQUEHANNA SES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, 1978 Buynak, G. L. and A. J. Gurzynski. 1978. Lymphocystis disease in walleye (Stinostedian vitraum) captured in the Susquehanna River. Proc. Pa.
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| Acad. Sci. 52(1): 49-50.
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| Seasonal variation in the incidence of lymphocystis tumors in 272 walleye, Stinostedfor' vitreum, f rom the Susquehanna River was investigated in 1975 and 1976. The incidence of infection was significantly higher (P<0.01) during the winter and the highest incidence (31%) occurred in February. Most tumors (53%) were on the body below the spinous dorsal fin.
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| Lymphocystis did not occur in fish younger than three years old.
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| Buynak, C. L. and A. J. Gurzynski. 1978. Age and growth of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) in a large river polluted by acid mine drainages. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 52(2): 176-178.
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| Growth rates of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) collected in the Susquehanna River at SSES (heavily polluted by acid mine drainage) and Falls, Pennsylvania (slightly polluted) were studied in 1976. Ninety percent of the specimens collected were between 2 and 5 years old; the oldest was 8 years. No significant difference in growth rates was found between males and femalee. At both stations, growth rates were similar and most rapid during the first 2 years, but in 3- and 4-year-old fish, growth at SSES was significantly slower (P<0.05) than at Falls. The difference was probably due to a scarcity of food that resulted from mine drainage pollution.
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| Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978. Micro-projector for drawing larval fishes. Prog. Fish-Cult. 40(1): 37-38.
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| This paper describes a technique which can be used to obtain good quality illustrations of larval fish with relative ease. With this method, dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of various sized fish ranging from newly hatched through early juveniles can be drawn. The major advantages of using the micro-projector technique are: 1) a person with limited artistic talents can quickly. make well-proportioned drawings; 2) the illustrations can be drawn at different sizes, depending on the magnification of the objective; and 3) the equipment is portable and can be used in a limited space. (This abstract was not I resented in the paper) .
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| WOM1
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| 288 Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978. Larval development of the northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans) from the Susquehanna River. Trans.
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| Am. Fish Soc. 107(4) : 595-599.
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| Northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans) eggs hatched in 10 days at a mean temperature of 17.4 C. Newly hatched larvae measured from 9.0 to 10.6 mm total length (TL) with a mean of 10.0 mm (standard or notochord length ranged from 8.7 to 10.1 mm with a mean of 9.6 mm). The newly hatched larvae were melanophore-free and had heads that were decurved over a bulbous yolk sac. They had slightly upturned urostyles, pectoral fin buds, and incomplete mouths. Throughout the protolarval phase, they remained relatively melanophore-free. In mesolarvae 15.8 mm TL, an almost triangular patch of melanophores was apparent on the occipital region and was separated f rom more anterior pigmentation by a melanophore-free area between the eyes. Similar pigmentation was found in metalarvae. Fin rays were visible in caudal, pectoral, dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins by 12.0, 12.6, 15.8, 17.8, and 17.8 mm TL, respectively. Trans-formation to mesolarval phase occurred by 12.0 mm TL, to metalarval phase by 19.8 mm TL, and to the juvenile period by 27.8 mm TL. Useful characteristics for distinguishing sucker larvae in the Susquehanna River are flexed urostyles in p rotolarvae , size, and pigmentation patterns.
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| Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978. Larval development of the redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) from the Susquehanna River. Trans. Am. Fish.
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| Soc. 107(4): 600-604.
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| A redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) nest with eggs was found in the Susquehanna River near Berwick, Pennerlvania. At hatching, the total length (TL) of the larvae ranged from 4.6 to 5.1 mm with a mean of 4.9 mm (standard or notochord length ranged from 4.5 to 5.0 mm with a mean of 4.8 mm) . Newly hatched larvae had incomplete mouths, large ovoid yolk sacs, pectoral fin buds, and straight urostyles. Pigmentation appeared on the dorsal surface of the head in 7.8-mm TL larvae. The caudal fin rays began to develop by 7.8 mm TL; dorsal, anal, and pectoral fin rays began to develop by 8.1 mm TL; and the pelvic fin rays by 15.0 mm TL. Transformation to mesolarval phase occurred by 7.8 mm TL, to metalarval phase by 11.8 mm TL, and to the juvenile period by 19.0 mm TL. Useful characteristics for distinguishing redbreast sunfish larvae in the Susquehanna River are their larger size at hatching and swim-up, massively coiled gute. and the elongated patch of 20-30 melanophores on the venter between the opercle and vent.
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| fg&
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| 289 Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978. Larval development of the white sucker (Catostomus commeroni) from the Susquehanna River. Proc. Pa.
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| Acad. Sci. 52(2): 143-145.
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| White sucker (Catostemus commersoni) eggs hatched eight days after fertilization at a mean temperature of 14.3 C. Total length (TL) of newly hatched larvae ranged frca 8.7 to 9.2 mm (i = 8.9 mm); standard or noto-chord length ranged from 8.5 to 9.2 mm (R = 8.7 mm). The newly hatched larvae were unpigmented, had pectoral fin buds, straight urostyles, and incomplete mouths. Transformation to the postlarval phase occurred by 14.4 mm TL and to the late postlarval phase by 17.9 mm TL.
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| Useful characteristics for distinguishing white sucker larvae in the Susquehanna River are the straight urostyles, size, pigmentation patterns, and preanal myomere count.
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| Deuts h, W. G. 1978. Lornaca cyr.rfnacca on two catostomid fishes. Proc. Pa.
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| Acad. Sci. 52(1): 57-59.
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| The parasitic copepod, Lcrnaca cyprinacca, occurred on 66% of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and 32% of quillback (Carpiodes cyp 2inus) collected in the Susquehanna River from June through November 1973. Number of copepodids was high on both fishes from August through October (in September, 90% of white sucker were infected), but declined sharply with river temperature in November.
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| Infection rates of adult copepods were highest in November (64% of white sucker, 27% of quillback), when parasite reproduction was interrupted. Intensities of copepodids ranged from 1 to 104/ host (i = 10/ host) on white sucker and from 1 to 5/ host (i = 2/ host) on quillback; those of adult copepods varied from 1 to 28/ host (R = 4/ host) on white sucker and from 1 to 2/ host (R = 1/ host) on quillback. 'I..e gills of white sucker were infect d more frequently than the body surface or any fin; only the gills of quillback were infected.
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| 5/02T4
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| 290 Gale, W. F. and G. L. Buynak. 1978. Spawning frequency and fecundity of satinfin shiner (Notropis anclostanus) -- a fractional, crevice spawner.
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| Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107(3): 460-463.
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| Satinfin shiners (Notropis analostanus) proved to be fractional spawners and pairs of them in outdoor wading pools spawned up to 11 times between June 3 and August 11,1977 (totals 381 to 3,268 eggs per pair) . They released from 6 to 634 eggs per fish per session at intervals of 3 to 31 days (mean 7.6 days; modes 5 and 8 days). Spawning behavior was similar to tlat of spotfin shiner (Notropis spilopterts). Overall, eggs averaged 1.5 mm in diameter. Significant differences (P<0.001) were found in the size of eggs spawned by different females. Eggs in the first spawn were significantly (P<0.001) larger than those in the last spawn. Spawning occurred during the day and activity was most intense between 0600 and 1000 h. Only 12.2% of the 7,290 eggs were spawned af ter 1200 h.
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| Gale, W. F. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978 Larval fish drift in a large river with a comparison of sampling nethods. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107(1):
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| 46-54 Larval fish drif t in the rocky-bottomed Susquehanna River (northeastern Pennsylvania) was investigated during 1974-1975. Near SSES (Susquehanna Steam Electric Station) at least 18 species of drifting larvae were collected by nets mounted on a stationary boat or by pumping. Maximum densities of 15.4 and 27.1 larvae /10 m3 were found in June 1974 and 1975, respectively.
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| Quillback, Carpfodes cyprinus (56%), minnows (25%), and carp, Cyprinus carpio (14% of the total) were the most abundant larvae caught in 19 74 by pumping.
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| The few larvae that drif ted during the day were mostly near the bottom.
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| Large numbers of quillback, white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), shorthead redhorse (Noxostoma macrolepidotum), and tessellated darter (Etheostoma alms tedi) larvae drif ted near the river curface at night. Drift was maximum at about 2400 h. Overall, the day / night drif t ratio was 1/3.8.
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| In 1974 at Falls, the control station upstream of TES and several intervening coal mine effluents, maximum density of dritting larvae was 1.4 fish /10 m3 , less than 10% of that at SSES. Density of spawning-sized fish was about threefold higher at Falls than at SSES.
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| Boat-mounted nets and the pump sampler had equal sampling e fficiencies .
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| Condition of larvae in pump samples was related to net material, mesh size, net shape, and pumping duration. Larvae in best condition were in 5-min samples pumped into slender nets (mouth / length ratio 1/10) .aade of fine-meshed monofilament nylon.
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| (j!/02.N
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| 291 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS BY THE STAFF OF THE SUSQUEHANNA SES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, 1974-78 Gale, W. F. and J. D. Thompson. 1974. Aids to benthic sampling by scuba divers in rivers. Limnol, and Oceanogr. 19(6) : 1004-1007.
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| Gale, W. F. and J. d. Thompson. 1974. Placement and retrieval of artificial substrate samplers by scuba. Prog. Fian-Cult. 36(4) : 231-233.
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| Gale, W. F. 1975. Ultrasonic removal of epilithic algae in a bar-clamp sampler. J. Phycol. 11(4): 472-473.
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| Gale, W. F. 1975. A quick-opening bucket for plankton and larval fish nets.
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| Prog. Fish-Cult. 37 (3) : 164.
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| Gale, W. F. and J. D. Thompson. 1975. A suction sampler for quantitatively sampling benthos on rocky substrates in rivers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
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| 104(2): 398-405.
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| Gale, W. F. and J. D. Thompson. 1975. A scuba diver's ladder for small b oats . Prog. Fish-Cult. 37(1): 63-64.
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| Gale, W. F. and C. A. Gale. 1976. Selection of artificial spawning sites by the spotfin shiner (Notropis spilopterus) . J. Fish. Res. Board Can.
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| 33(9): 1906-1913.
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| Gale, W. F. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1976. Fish spawning in a large Pennsylvania river receiving mine effluents. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 50: 160-162.
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| Gale, W. F., T. V. Jacobsen, and K. M. Smith, 1976. Iron, and its role in a river polluted by mine effluents. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 50: 182-195.
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| Mackiewicz, J. S. and W. G. Deutsch. 1976. Rocardleus and Janiszeuskella, new caryophyllid genera (Cestoidea: Caryophyllidea) from Carpiodes cyprinus (Catostomidae) in eastern North America. Proc. Helminthol.
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| Soc. Wash. 43(1): 9-17.
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| Deutsch, W. G. 1977. Fish parasites from the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania,with new host records. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 51: 122-124.
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| S70235
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| 292 Gale, W. F. 1977. Miniature aquarium system for rearing small numbers of fish larvae. Prog. Fish-Cult. 39(1): 10-13.
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| Gale, W. F. 1977. Scuba, the problem solver in sampling river benthos.
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| Pages 13-29 in G. M. Simmons (ed.), The use of underwater research equipment in freshwater environments. Sea Grant VPI-SG-77-03.
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| Va. Polytech. Inst. State Univ. , Blacksburg, Va.
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| Gale, W. F. and C. A. Gale. 1977. Spawning habits of the spotfin shiner (Notropis spilopterus) -- a fractional, crevice spawner. Trans. Am.
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| Fish. Soc. 106(2): 170-177.
| |
| Buynak, G. L. and A. J. Gurzynski. 1978. Lymphocystie disease in walleye (Stizostedion vitreuw) captured in the Susquehanna River. Proc. Pa.
| |
| Acad. Sci. 52(1): 49-50.
| |
| Buynak, G. L. and A. J. Gurzynski. 1978. Age and growth of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolanieui) in a large river polluted by acid mine drainages. Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 52(2): 176-178.
| |
| Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978. Micro-projector for drawing larval fishes. Prog. Fish-Cult. 40(1): 37-38.
| |
| Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978. Larval development of the northern hog sucker (Hypentelium nigricans) from the Susquehanna River. Trans.
| |
| Am. Fish. Soc. 107(4): 595-599.
| |
| Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978. Larval development of the redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auribus) from the Susquehanna River. Trans. Am. Fish.
| |
| Soc. 107(4): C00-604.
| |
| Buynak, G. L. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978 Larval development of the white sucker (Catostomus cocrersoni) from the Susquehanna River. Proc. Pa.
| |
| Acad. Sci. 52(2): 143-145.
| |
| Deutsch, W. G. 1978. Lernaea cyprinacea on two catostomid fishes. P roc .
| |
| Pa. Acad. Sci. 52(1): 57-59.
| |
| Gale, W. F. and G. L. Buynak. 1978. Spawning frequency and fecundity of satinfin shiner (Notropis analostanus) -- a fractional, crevice spawner.
| |
| Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107(3): 460-463.
| |
| Gale, W. F. and H. W. Mohr, Jr. 1978. Larval fish drift in a large river with a comparison of sampling methods. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107(1):
| |
| 46-54.
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| F/02SG
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| | |
| 293 TECHNICAL "" PORTS BY ICHTHY 0 LOGICAL ASSOCIATES, INC. AT THE SUSQidHANNA SES BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, 1972-78 An Ecological Study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the Vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania - Progress Report for the Period January-December 1971 (July 1972)
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| An Ecological Study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the Vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania - Progress Report for the P iriod January-December 1972 (September 1973)
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| An Ecological Study of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the Vicinity of Berwick, Pennsylvania - Progress Report for the Period January-December 1973 (November 1974)
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| Ecological Studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station - Progress Report for the reriod January-December 1974 (May 1976)
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| Ecological Studies of the North Branch Susquehanna River in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station - Annual Report for 1975 (August 1976)
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| Ecological Studies of the Susquehanna River in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station - Annual Report for 1976 (October 1977)
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| Ecological Studies of the Susquehanna River in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station - Annual Report for 1977 (April 1978)
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| $l0SW/}}
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