ML18044A857

Overview of Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Preparedness, Uset Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee, Slides, February 6, 2018

ML18044A857
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Issue date:	02/06/2018
From:	Robert Kahler Policy and Oversight Branch
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Overview of Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Preparedness Robert Kahler, Branch Chief Policy and Oversight Branch Division of Preparedness and Response Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response USET HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY SERVICES COMMITTEE FEB 6, 2018

Presentation Topics

• Defense-in-Depth

• Protective Action Guidelines

• Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs)

• Emergency Classifications

• NRC / FEMA Relationship

• Status of Revision to EP Guidance

• Status of Decommissioning EP Rulemaking USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 2

Defense-in-Depth Philosophy

- An approach to designing and operating nuclear facilities that prevents and mitigates accidents that release radiation or hazardous materials

- Multiple independent and redundant layers of defense to compensate for potential human and mechanical failures

- no single layer, no matter how robust, is exclusively relied upon

• Use of access controls

• Physical barriers

• Redundant and diverse key safety functions

• Emergency response measures USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 3

Emergency Preparedness Emergency Planning

- Reduces complex decision-making

- Simplifies choice of possible responses NRC Regulations

- 10 CFR 50.47(b)(1) - 10 CFR 50.47(b)(16) 16 planning standards

- 10 CFR 50.54(q)

- 10 CFR 50 Appendix E USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 4

• Licensee

- Mitigate consequences,

- Notify agencies, monitor release, provide Protective Action Recommendations (PARs)

• NRC

- Monitor licensee actions,

- Provide technical assistance,

• FEMA

- Reviews offsite EP

• State and local agencies and Tribal Nations

- Issues protective actions USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 5

Emergency Response Organizations (ERO)

Protective Action Guides (PAGs)

• EPA-400: Manual of Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents

• Guidance for triggering protective actions

• Suggested protective actions based on dose USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 6

Protective Action Guides (PAGs)

• Based on projected dose

- does not count dose received

• Evacuation/ sheltering 5 rem

• Potassium Iodide KI administration

- 25 rem to thyroid

• PAG levels no health effects detectable USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 7

Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs)

• Plume Exposure Pathway

-10 mile radius

• Ingestion Exposure Pathway

-50 mile radius USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 8

• Plume Exposure Pathway

- Area requiring immediate protective actions

- Approximately 10 miles in radius

- Sized based upon:

• Projected doses wont exceed PAGs outside zone USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 9

Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs)

• Plume Exposure Pathway

- Boundaries determined by topography, political jurisdictions

• Roads, rivers, lakes, peninsulas

• Municipal, County, State jurisdictions 10 USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs)

USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 11

• Plume Exposure Pathway

- Provisions for action within EPZ

• Prompt decision making for public protective actions

• Development of evacuation plans

• Public information program

• Prompt public alerting and notification

• 24/7 communication capability with State/local officials

• Monitoring of offsite radiological release

• Maintaining Emergency Operations Centers USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 12 Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs)

USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 13

USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 14

• NRC is singular authority for making decisions regarding overall adequacy of EP

• Includes making a final determination whether EPZ extends beyond site boundary

• Includes making a final determination of appropriate size of EPZ to adequately protect public health and safety

• NRC makes this determination in consultation with FEMA USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 15 Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs)

• Ingestion Exposure Pathway

- Protect from consumption of contaminated food

- Considerable time to action

- Approximately 50 miles in radius

- Sized based upon:

• Contamination not exceed PAGs beyond 50 miles USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 16 Emergency Planning Zones (EPZs)

Relationship between PAGs and EPZs

• PAGs are trigger for appropriate protective actions

-Protect public health and safety

-Minimize exposure to general public and emergency workers

-Not to be used as acceptable dose limits

-PAGs and EPZs complement each other USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 17

Emergency Classification Levels

• Unusual event

• No release expected

• Alert

• Release small fraction of EPA PAGs

• Site Area Emergency

• Release wont exceed EPA PAGs at site boundary

• General Emergency

• Release expected to exceed EPA PAGs offsite USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 18

10 miles USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 19

Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities Offsite Onsite USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 20

NRC and FEMA Relationship

• NRC

- Regulatory Agency

- Created in 1974

- Empowered by Atomic Energy Act as sole authority to establish and enforce rules

- Overall decisions on reasonable assurance

• FEMA

- Cabinet Agency

- Created in 1979

- Oversees Offsite Planning to meet NRC standards

- Input provided to NRC USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 21

NRC and FEMA Relationship

• 10 CFR 50.54(s)(3)

- The NRC will base its finding on a review of the FEMA findings and determinations as to whether State and local emergency plans are adequate and capable of being implemented, and on the NRC assessment as to whether the licensee's emergency plans are adequate and capable of being implemented. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as limiting the authority of the Commission to take action under any other regulation or authority of the Commission or at any time other than that specified in this paragraph.

• Memorandum of Understanding

- Revised December 2015 USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 22

NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1

• Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants Revision 1, November 1980

• Joint NRC/FEMA Guidance

• Revision 2 to be issued this year

• http://www.regulations.gov

- Search for Docket No. FEMA-2012-0026 USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 23

NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1 Sample Format 24 USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee

Decommissioning Rule Schedule

• Final Regulatory Basis (ADAMS ML17215A010)

- Nov 20, 2017: Published in Federal Register

• Proposed Rule/Draft Regulatory Guidance

- May 7, 2018: Provide to Commission

- Dec 6, 2018: Start 75 day public comment period

• Final Rule/Final Regulatory Guidance

- Sept 30, 2019: Provide to Commission

• http://www.regulations.gov

- Search for Docket ID NRC-2015-0070 25 USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee

Contact Information Robert Kahler, Branch Chief Policy and Oversight Branch Division of Preparedness and Response Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response (301) 287-3756 robert.kahler@nrc.gov 12 USET Homeland Security and Emergency Services Committee 26