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{{Adams
#REDIRECT [[NL-15-1392, Enclosure 2 - SNC Standard Emergency Plan]]
| number = ML15246A048
| issue date = 08/31/2015
| title = Enclosure 2 - SNC Standard Emergency Plan
| author name =
| author affiliation = Southern Nuclear Operating Co, Inc
| addressee name =
| addressee affiliation = NRC/NRO, NRC/NRR
| docket = 05000321, 05000348, 05000364, 05000366, 05000424, 05000425, 05200025, 05200026
| license number =
| contact person =
| case reference number = NL-15-1392
| package number = ML15246A045
| document type = Emergency Preparedness-Emergency Plan
| page count = 87
}}
 
=Text=
{{#Wiki_filter:Southern Nuclear Operating CompanyJoseph M. Farley Nuclear Plant Units 1 and 2;Edwin I. Hatch Nuclear Plant Units I and 2;Vogtle Electric Generating Plant Units 1 and 2;Vogtle Electric Generating Plant Units 3 and 4Enclosure 2'SNC Standard Emergency PlanThis enclosure contains 86 pages.
Southern Nuclear Operating CompanyStandard Emergency PlanRevision 0
Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION
...............................................................................................
6DEFINITIONS....................................................................................................
7SECTION A: ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY...................................................
10A.1 Primary Federal Organizations
........................................................................
10A.2 State and Local Organizations
.........................................................................
11A.3 Contractor and Private Organizations................................................................
12A.4 Other Utilities..............................................................................................
13A.5 Agreements................................................................................................
13SECTION B: EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION (ERO) ................................
14B.1 Normal Plant Organization
.............................................................................
14B.2 On Site Emergency Response Organization (ERO).................................................
15Figure B.2.A Transition of Command and Control Functions............................................
15B.2.1 Technical Support Center (TSC)................................................................
15B.2.2 Operations Support Center (OSC) ...............................................................
17B.3 Offsite Emergency Response Organization (ERO) ..................................................
18B.3.1 EOF Organization.................................................................................
19B.3.2 Joint Information Center (JIC) ...................................................................
21B.4 Contractor and Private Organizations................................................................
23B.5 Letters of Agreement (LOAs)...........................................................................
23B.6 Local Emergency Support Organizations
.............................................................
23Figure B.2.1 .A -Technical Support Center Organization
................................................
29Figure B.2.2.A -Operational Support Center Organization..............................................
30Figure B.3. 1 .A -Emergency Operations Facility Organization..........................................
31Figure B.3.2.A -Joint Information Center Organization
.................................................
32SECTION C: EMERGENCY RESPONSE SUPPORT AND RESOURCES..........................
33C.1 Federal Assistance........................................................................................
33C.2 State Interfaces
...........................................................................................
33C.3 Radiological Laboratories
...............................................................................
33C.4 Assistance Agreements...................................................................................
33SECTION D: EMERGENCY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM...........................................
36D.1 Classification of Emergencies...........................................................................
36D.2 Basis for Emergency Classification Criteria...........................................................
37E2-2 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION E: NOTIFICATION METHODS AND PROCEDURES...
................................
41E.1 Notification Methodology................................................................................
41E.2 Notification of Personnel.................................................................................
41SECTION F: EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
....................................................
46F.1 Communications
............
..............................................................................
46F.2 Medical Emergency Communications
.................................................................
49F.3 Communications Tests...................................................................................
49SECTION G: PUBLIC EDUCATION AND INFORMATION..........................................
50G.1 Purpose ....................................................................................................
50G.2 News Media Training....................................................................................
50G.3 News Releases.............................................................................................
50G.4 Press Briefings............................................................................................
50G.5 Public Response
..........................................................................................
50G.6 Resource Materials
......................................................................................
50G.7 Public Information Plan For Recovery................................................................
51G.8 Public Information and Education Program.........................................................
51SECTION H: EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT......................................
5211.10Onsite Emergency Response Facilities
................................................................
52H.20Offsite Emergency Facilities............................................................................
54Figure H.2.A -Emergency Operations Facility Layout (Typical)
.......................................
56H.3 State and local Emergency Operations Centers (EOC) ............................................
57H.4 Emergency Response Facility Staffing and Activation..............................................
57H.50Onsite Monitoring.,
......................................................................................
58H.60Offsite Monitoring
.......................................................................................
59H.7 Meteorological Equipment...............................................................................
60H.8 Emergency Equipment Inventories and Checks.....................................................
60H.9 Emergency Kits...........................................................................................
60H.10 Collection Point for Field Samples.....................................................................
61SECTION I: ACCIDENT ASSESSMENT..................................................................
621.1 Systems and Parameters Monitored
...................................................................
621.2 Continuing and Post Accident Assessment
............................................................
621.3 Offsite Dose Assessment
.................................................................................
62E2-3 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Plan1.4 Effluent Monitor Readings and Exposures............................................................
631.5 Meteorological Monitoring..............................................................................
631.6 U~nmonitored Release ...............................................
.....................................
631.7 Environs Surveys and Monitoring
...........................
.........................................
631.8 Release Assessments......................................................................................
641.9 Environmental Radioiodine Monitoring Capabilities................................................
64SECTION J: PROTECTIVE RESPONSE..................................................................
65J.1 Alarm Responses
..........................................................................................
65J.2 Radiological Monitoring of Evacuated Personnel
....................................................
65J.3 Non-essential Personnel Evacuation and Decontamination.........................................
65J.4 Onsite Protective Actions................................................................................
65J.5 Offsite Protective Action Recommendations (PARs).................................................
67J.6 Evacuation Time Estimates (ETE) .....................................................................
67J.7 Protective Action Maps ..................................................................................
67SECTION K: RADIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE CONTROL .............................................
68K.1 Emergency Workers and Lifesaving Protective Actions ............................................
68Table K. 1 .A Emergency Worker Dose Limits...............................................................
68K.2 Emergency Exposure Authorization
...................................................................
69K.3 Exposure Controls........................................................................................
69K.40Offsite Emergency Workers ............................................................................
70K.5 Decontamination..........................................................................................
70K.6 Contamination Controls
.................................................................................
70K.70Offsite Decontamination.................................................................................
70SECTION L: MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SUPPORT.........................................
71L.1 Hospital and Medical Services
..........................................................................
71L.2 First Aid....................................................................................................
71L.3 State Emergency Medical Services
.....................................................................
71L.4 Medical Transport........................................................................................
71SECTION M: RECOVERY AND REENTRY PLANNING AND POSTACCIDENT OPERATIONS
...........................................................................................
72M.1 Recovery
...................................................................................................
72M.2 Recovery Organization
..................................................................................
74Figure M.2 Typical Long Term Recovery Organization..................................................
74E2-4 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNO Standard Emergency PlanM.3 Recovery Notification
......................................................................................
75M.4 Population Exposure Estimates...........................................................................
75M.5 Termination of Recovery Phase...........................................................................
75SECTION N: EXERCISES AND DRILLS...................................................................
76N.1 Exercises.................................................................................................
..... 76N.2 Drills...........................................................................................................
77N.3 Scenarios
..................................................................................................
79N.4 Exercise Evaluation and Critique.......................................................................
80N.5 Exercise/Drill Corrective Actions.......................................................................
80SECTION 0: RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE TRAINING..........................
810.1 Training
......................................................................................................
810.2 Performance Demonstration
..............................................................................
810.3 First Aid Training...........................................................................................
820.4 ERO Training................................................................................................
820.5 Emergency Preparedness Staff Training................................................................
83SECTION P: RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE PREPAREDNESS EFFORT..........................
84P.1 Fleet Emergency Preparedness
.........................................................................
84P.2 Site Emergency Preparedness...........................................................................
84P.3 Coordination
..............................................................................................
85Figure P. 1 -Typical Emergency Preparedness Organization
..............................................
86E2-5 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanINTRODUCTION PurposeThe Southern Nuclear Operating Company's (SNC) Emergency Plan provides the means toprotect the health and safety of the general public, persons temporarily visiting or assigned tonuclear power plants operated by SNC, and plant employees.
SNC operates the Hatch NuclearPlant (TTNP), Farley Nuclear Plant (FNP), and Vogtle Electric Generating Plant (VEGP).Background The SNC Emergency Plan was developed with the guidance of NUREG-0654, FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1, "Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency ResponsePlans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants."
The SNC Emergency Plan meetsthe emergency planning standards of 10 CFR 5 0.47(b),
the requirements of Appendix E, andthe intent of NUREG 0654 Revision
: 1. The SNC Emergency Plan is organized using thestructure of NUREG-0654 Revision 1, and that structure provides the cross-reference to thebase document.
ScopeDetailed procedures concemning the implementation of the SNC Emergency Plan are in theEmergency Plan Implementing Procedures (EPIPs).
Those documents describe the duties ofindividuals and groups in the event of emergencies, and also serve as the interface between theSNC Emergency Plan, plant operations,
: security, and radiological control programs.
SNC alsohas procedures in place that implement onsite protective actions and personnel accountability during hostile action threats or events that are appropriate for plant and environmental conditions.
These procedures are available for use at the plants. There are supporting andcomplementing emergency plans, including those of federal agencies, the states of Alabama,Georgia, South Carolina, and individual counties.
SNC has overall responsibility for maintaining a state of readiness to implement this Plan forthe protection of plant personnel, the general public, and property from hazards associated withany facility operated by the company.
The authority for planning, developing, andcoordinating emergency control measures is derived from being the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) license holder for the nuclear power plants operated by SNC.The SNC Emergency Plan describes the organization, facilities,
: training, and maintenance ofboth onsite and offsite facilities and equipment that will be used to address a wide spectrum ofaccidents ranging from minor onsite incidents to those that could affect the general public.Three phases of responsive action are described in the SNC Emergency Plan. The first phaseincludes initial actions to protect personnel and eliminate the potential for further exposure tothe hazard. The second phase includes immediate and planned action to terminate thecondition, contain any effluent, establish incident boundaries, establish
: control, channelinformation, and protect the facility and equipment.
The third phase is to restore the facility toits normal operating condition.
To respond effectively using these phases, emergencies areclassified according to increasing severity:
Unusual Event, Alert, Site Area Emergency, orGeneral Emergency.
E2-6 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanDEFINITIONS The following are definitions of terms commonly used in this Emergency Plan and each site specificAnnex:Area Radiation Monitoring System (ARMVS)An instrumentation system designed to detect abnormal area radiation levels and activatecorresponding station alarms.Committed Dose Equivalent (CDE)CDE is the dose equivalent to organs or tissues of reference that will be received from an intakeof radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year period following the intake.Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (CEDE)CEDE is the sum of the products of the weighting factors applicable to each of the body organsor tissues that are irradiated and the CDE to these organs or tissues.Deep-Dose Equivalent (DDE)DDE is the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 cm (1000 mg/cm2),
which applies to externalwhole-body exposure.
Dose Equivalent (DE)DE is the product of the absorbed dose in tissue, quality factor and all other necessary modifying factors at the location of interest.
The units of dose equivalent are the rem and sievert (Sv).Effective Dose Equivalent (EDE)EDE is the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to each organ or tissue and a weighting factor applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated.
Emergency Action Levels (EALs)Parameters used to designate a particular classification of emergency.
These parameters mayinclude radiological dose rates, levels of airborne or waterborne
: activity, or instrument indications/plant parameter values.Exclusion Area BoundaryAn area surrounding the reactor in which the reactor licensee has the authority to determine allactivities, including exclusion or removal of personnel and property from the area.Hostile ActionAn act towards a nuclear power plant or its personnel that includes the use of violent force todestroy equipment, take hostages, and/or intimidate the licensee to achieve an end. This includesattack by air, land, or water using guns, explosives, projectiles,
: vehicles, or other devices used todeliver destructive force. Other acts that satisfy the overall intent may be included.
Hostileaction should not be construed to include acts of civil disobedience or felonious acts that are notpart of a concerted attack on the nuclear power plant. Non-terrorist based EALs should be usedto address such activities, (e.g., violent acts between individuals in the owner controlled area).E2-7 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanIndependent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI)A complex designed and constructed for the interim storage of spent nuclear fuel and otherradioactive materials associated with spent fuel storage.Ingestion Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone (IPZ)The IPZ is the fifty-mile radius area around an SNC-operated plant site for which protective actions are planned for the general population,
: farmers, dairy farmers,
: ranchers, food processors and distributors.
InplantThe area located within the confines of the SNC Plant Power Block Protected Area.Letters of Agreement (LOA)Letters of agreement include contracts, letters or other formal agreements between SouthernCompany and/or SNC-operated plants and certain off site resources who provide assistance during emergency events, including a Hostile Action, at SNC-operated plants.Nuclear Administrative and Technical Manual (NATM)The collection of onsite programs and procedures that prescribes how SNC-operated plants arecontrolled,
: operated, maintained, and tested to meet the requirements of applicable
: licenses, standards, codes, and guides. It establishes effective management practices.
Of fsiteAny position or area not located within the confines of the Site Boundary.
OnsiteAny position or area located within the confines of the Site Boundary.
Owner Controlled AreaThe area owned by the licensee and located within the confines of the Site Boundary.
Plume Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ)The Plume Exposure Pathway EPZ is, the ten-mile radius area around an SNC-operated plant sitefor which protective actions are planned.Protected Area(s) (PA)An area, located within the Site Exclusion Area Boundary, encompassed by physical barriers andto which access is controlled per 10 CFR 73.55. The SNC Power Block Protected Area and theISFSI Protected Area are two Protected Areas located within the Site Owner Controlled Area.Protective ActionsEmergency measures taken to avoid or reduce radiation dose. These commonly includesheltering, evacuation, and prophylaxis.
E2-8 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanProtective Action Recommendations (PARs)Protective actions recommended by an SNC-operated plant to governmental authorities toprotect the health and safety of the public within the plume exposure pathway during anemergency event at an SNC-operated plant.Protective Action Guides (PAGs)The projected dose to individuals that would warrant consideration of protective action againstan accidental release of radioactive material.
SabotageDeliberate damage, misalignment, or misoperation of plant equipment with the intent to renderthe equipment inoperable.
Equipment found tampered with or damaged due to malicious mischief may not meet the definition of sabotage until this determination is made by securitysupervision.
Security Condition Any security event as listed in the approved security contingency plan that constitutes athreat/compromise to site security, threat/risk to site personnel, or a potential degradation to thelevel of safety of the plant. A security condition does not involve a hostile action.Site BoundaryThe boundary of a reactor site beyond which the land or property is not owned, leased, orotherwise controlled by the licensee.
Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE)TEDE is the sum of the Deep-Dose Equivalent (for external exposures) and the CEDE (forinternal exposures).
Vital AreasAreas within the protected area that contain equipment vital to the operations of the plant.E2-9 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION A: ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY A. 1 Primary Federal Organizations A.I1.1 Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)The NRC acts as the lead federal agency for technical matters during a nuclearincident, with the Chairman of the Commission as the senior NRC authority forresponse.
The Chairman can transfer control of emergency response activities whendeemed appropriate.
Incident Response Centers have been established at the NRC regional offices andNRC headquarters, to centralize and coordinate NRC's emergency response.
Provision is made for NRC personnel at the plant's Technical Support Center and theEmergency Operations Facility.
A.1 .2 Department of Homeland Security (DHS)In accordance with the National Response Framework (NRF), DHS is responsible forthe overall coordination of a multi-agency Federal response to a significant radiological incident.
A.1 .3 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)The primary role of FEMA is to support the states by coordinating the delivery offederal non-technical assistance.
FEMA coordinates state requests for federalassistance, identifying which federal agency can best address specific needs. Ifdeemed necessary, FEMA will establish a nearby Joint Field Office from which itwill manage its assistance activities.
A. 1.4 Department of Energy (DOE)The DOE provides radiological assistance on request, and has radiological monitoring equipment and personnel resources that it can assemble and dispatch to the scene of aradiological incident.
Following a radiological
: incident, DOE operates as outlined inthe Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Plan (FRMAP).
TheRadiological Assistance Team can be expected to respond to SNC-operated sites asdirected by the Savannah River Operations Office of DOE.A.1 .5 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)Support from the FBI is available through its statutory responsibility, based in publiclaw and the US code, and through a memorandum of understanding for cooperation with the NRC. Notification to the FBI of emergencies in which they would have aninterest will be through the provisions of a plant security plan, or by the NRC.A. 1.6 National Weather Service (NWS)NWS provides meteorological information during emergency situations, if required.
Data available will include existing and forecasted wind directions, wind speeds, andambient air temperatures.
E2-10 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanA. 1.7 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)The EPA can assist with field radiological monitoring,
: sampling, and non-plant related recovery and reentry guidance.
A.2 State and Local Organizations A.2.1 State of AlabamaA.2. 1.1 Alabama Emergency Management Agency (AEMA)The Alabama Emergency Management Agency coordinates theRadiological Emergency Plans and offsite operations of affected stateagencies and local governments including notification of state andlocal agencies of a nuclear incident at a nuclear power plantimpacting the state of Alabama, direction of activities at the stateEmergency Operations Center, coordination of non-radiological operations with utility and federal authorities, and coordination ofnews information.
A.2.1.2 Alabama Department of Public Health Office of Radiation ControlThrough the Alabama Department of Public Health, the AlabamaOffice of Radiation Control is responsible for initiating the "AlabamaRadiological Response Plan for Nuclear Power Plants" in support ofan emergency at the Farley Nuclear Plant. The state plan provides adetailed description of the notification procedures and theresponsibilities and duties of the local and state agencies involved.
The Alabama Office of Radiation Control has primary responsibility and authority for handling the offsite aspects of an emergency inAlabama with primary focus on the welfare and safety of the generalpublic.A.2. 1.3 Other Alabama State AgenciesResponsibilities of other state agencies are described in the AlabamaRadiological Response Plan for Nuclear Power Plants.A.2.2 State of GeorgiaA.2.2. 1 Georgia Emergency Management Agency (GEMA)GEMA is responsible for general state emergency planning and overalldirection and control of emergency or disaster operations as assigned byexecutive order and in accordance with the Georgia Emergency Operations Plan (GEOP). GEMA has responsibilities for coordinating the state ofGeorgia response to emergencies at nuclear power plants.A.2.2.2 Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division (DNR-EPD)The DNR-EPD has primary responsibility for implementation andadministration of the state radiological emergency response function.
E2-11 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanA.2.2.3 Other Georgia State AgenciesResponsibilities of other state agencies are described in the GeorgiaEmergency Operations Plan (GEOP).A.2.3 State of South CarolinaA.2.3.1 Emergency Management Division (EMD)The EMD is assigned the responsibility for coordinating the emergency planning efforts of state, county, and municipal agencies in accordance withthe South Carolina Radiological Emergency Response Plan (SCORERP);
conducting a preparedness program to assure capability of the government toexecute the plan; establishing and maintaining a State EOC and providing support of the State emergency staff and work force; and establishing aneffective system for reporting, analyzing, and disseminating emergency information.
A.2.3 .2 Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC), NuclearEmergency Planning SectionThe Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC)maintains a radiological hazard assessment capability and providestechnical
: support, coordination, and guidance for the State and localgovernments.
It will conduct and/or coordinate radiological surveillance and monitoring in coordination with DOE-Savannah River Site (SRS) and nuclear power plants. DHEC will obtain andcoordinate radiological assistance resources from the FederalGovernment, other states, and the nuclear industry as required.
A.2.3.3 Other South Carolina State AgenciesResponsibilities of the other state agencies are described in the SouthCarolina Radiological Emergency Response Plan (SCORERP).
A.2.4 Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) CountiesThe Emergency Management Agencies representing the counties of Aiken,Allendale,
: Appling, Barnwell, Burke, Early, Henry, Houston, Jeff Davis,Tattnall, and Toombs have the responsibility for notification and providing direction to residents in the event of an emergency that affects theirrespective jurisdiction.
The 24-hour notification points have theresponsibility to notify' necessary local civil support groups in the event of anaccident.
The County is responsible for protection of the public and canprovide personnel and equipment for evacuation, relocation and isolation.
A.3 Contractor and Private Organizations A.3.1 Southern NuclearSouthern Nuclear Operating Company (SNC) serves as the architect-engineer.
E2-12 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanA.3 .2. Bechtel Power Corporation SNC has established an agreement with Bechtel Power Corporation to obtainengineering and construction services which may be required following anaccident.
A.3.3 Westinghouse SNC has established an agreement with Westinghouse to obtain generalservices related to nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) operations during andfollowing an accident situation.
Westinghouse provides the capability torespond on a 24-hour-a-day basis.A.3.4 General Electric Company (GE)The licensee has established an agreement with GE to obtain general services relatedto nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) operations during and following an accidentsituation.
GE provides a capability to respond on a 24-hour-a-day basis.A.3.5 Radiological Monitoring Assistance Radiological monitoring in the plant and in the environs, both onsite andoffsite, will be augmented by outside vendors as necessary.
Initialradiological monitoring will be performed by available Southern Companyresources (e.g., Georgia Power Company (GPC) Central Laboratory).
A.3.6 Contract Laboratories SNC-operated plants maintain contracts with offsite laboratories to assistwith emergency analytical services.
Copies of these contracts are maintained in accordance with Emergency Plan procedures.
A.4 Other Utilities The Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) aids nuclear utilities in obtaining resources beyond their usual capabilities during recovery from an emergency.
As one of itsroles, [NPO will assist affected utilities by applying the resources of the nuclear industry tomeet the needs of an emergency.
A.5 Agreements Letters of Agreement (LOAs) are not necessary with federal and state agencies that arelegally required to respond to an emergency;
: however, agreements are necessary if an agencyis expected to provide assistance not required by law. Written agreements have beendeveloped which establish the extent of operations between SNC-operated plants and othersupport organizations that have an emergency response role consistent with this plan. Theseagreements identify the emergency measures to be provided, the mutually accepted criteriafor implementation, and the arrangements for exchange of information.
The respective nuclear power plants have obtained LOAs with private contractors and otherswho provide emergency support services.
LOAs, as a minimum, state that the cooperating organization will provide its normal services in support of an emergency at the affected plant.LOAs are referenced in the site-specific plant Annexes and the actual letters are maintained in accordance with 10 CFR 50, Appendix E, IV.A.7.E2-13 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION B: EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION (ERO)B. 1 Normal Plant Organization The normal onsite organization of an SNC-operated nuclear power plant provides a staffcapable of providing the initial response to an emergency event. The On-Shift staff wasvalidated by performing a detailed staffing analysis as required by Part 50 Appendix E,IV.A.9. Organizational structures for each of the sites and the On-Shift staffing tables areprovided in the Site-Specific Annex. The number and ERO position titles of personnel available within 75 minutes following declaration of an Alert or higher classification areshown in Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4.SNC plants maintain 24-hour emergency response capability.
The normal on-shiftcomplement provides the initial response to an emergency.
This group is trained to respondto emergency situations until the augmented Emergency Response Organization (ERO)arrives.
The ERO is composed of personnel with specialties in operations, maintenance, engineering, radiochemistry, radiation protection, fire protection, and security.
B. 1.1 The Shift Manager (SM) is in direct charge of shift plant operations and is directlyresponsible for the actions of the on-shift crew. In an emergency, the SM assumesthe responsibility of the Emergency Director (ED) and takes necessary actions toidentify and respond to the emergency until relieved by another qualified ED. TheED has the responsibility and authority to immediately and unilaterally initiateemergency
: actions, including providing notification of Protective ActionRecommendations (PAR) to state and local government organizations responsible forimplementing off site emergency measures.
The ED, at their discretion or whenprocedurally
: required, activates the ERO.The Emergency Director's non-delegable duties include:* Event classification in accordance with the emergency classification system.* Perform the duties and responsibilities of Protective Action Recommendation (PAR) determination.
* Notifications of 0ffsite agencies and approval of state, local, and NRCnotifications.
* Authorization of emergency exposures in excess of federal limits.* Issuance of potassium iodide (KI) to plant employees as a thyroid blockingagent.* Request federal assistance as needed.After being relieved as Emergency
: Director, the Shift Manager directs the activities of the operating crew and is responsible for the safe operation of the plant. The ShiftManager, after relinquishing duties and responsibilities of the Emergency
: Director, functionally reports to the Operations Supervisor in the Technical Support Center(TSC).B.1.2 Shift Supervisors, who hold Senior Reactor Operator (SRO) licenses, supervise operation of the unit and may assume the duties of the ED in the absence of the ShiftManager.
Additional details of the normal on-shift organization are contained in thesite specific annexes to this Plan.E2-14 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanB.2 On Site Emergency Response Organization (ERO)Augmentation of on-shift staffing will occur within 75 minutes of the declaration of an Alertor higher classification by the Emergency Response Organization (ERG). ERG positions forthe TSC, Operations Support Center (OSC), Emergency Operations Facility (EOF) and JICare detailed below. A sufficient number of personnel are qualified to ensure that positions listed in this section can be staffed on a 24-hour-a-day basis for an extended event. On-shiftas well as offsite state and local government interfaces are detailed in the site-specific Annexes.Command and Control normally shifts from the Control Room to the TSC and subsequently to the EOF. Command and Control may move in either direction, depending on conditions that would warrant passing such authority.
Command and Control may be completed sequentially or in parallel, based on the discretion of the EDs. A qualified ED in eitherfacility can relieve the other facility of the Command and Control authority andresponsibilities.
Figure B.2.A depicts the transition of Command and Control responsibilities between facilities.
Alternative Facilities have been identified to ensure timely ERG responseduring a hostile action event. Details on the Alternative Facilities are included in Section H.CONTROL ROOM TSC EOFShift Manager / Emergency TSC Emergency Director EOF Emergency DirectorDirectorClassification Classification Notifications PARS m PARSEmergency Exposure Emergency ExposureControls ControlsFigure B.2.A Transition of Command and Control Functions B.2.1 Technical Support Center (TSC)See Figure B.2.1 .A at the end of Section B.B.2. 1.1 TSC Emergency Director (ED)The TSC ED has the authority and responsibility to immediately initiate anyemergency actions.
Once Command and Control has been completed, the TSC EDassumes the non-delegable duties of event Classification, on-site Emergency Exposure Authorization, and on-site protective actions.B.2.1.2 TSC ManagerThe TSC Manager reports to the TSC ED and is responsible for coordinating activities between the TSC and other emergency response facilities, directing theactivities of the TSC staff, and ensuring communications are established withapplicable offsite agencies.
E2-15 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanB.2.1.3 TSC Operations Supervisor The Operations Supervisor reports to the TSC Manager.
Major position functions include evaluating plant conditions and initiating mitigation
: actions, coordinating TSC efforts in determining the nature and extent of plant conditions affecting plantequipment, actions to limit or contain the emergency, invoking the provisions of 10CFR 50.54(x) if appropriate, assisting the OSC Manager in determining the priorityassigned to OSC activities, and timely completing offsite notifications.
B.2.1 .4 TSC Maintenance Supervisor The Maintenance Supervisor reports to the TSC Manager and is responsible forplanning and coordination of repair, damage control, and plant modification activities.
The Maintenance Supervisor works closely with the Engineering Supervisor in planning for plant modifications and repairs.B.2. 1.5 TSC Radiation Protection (RP) Supervisor The RP Supervisor reports to the TSC Manager and supervises the activities of theradiation protection staff and Health Physics Network (HPN) Communicator.
TheRP Supervisor assists the Radiation Protection/Chemistry Group Lead in the OSCin determining the extent and nature of radiological or hazardous conditions andcoordinates offsite dose assessment and offsite Field Monitoring Teams prior toEOF activation.
B.2.1.6 TSC Dose AnalystThe Dose Analyst reports to the RP Supervisor.
The Dose Analyst operates thedose assessment model to provide estimates of environmental dose in the event of aradiological release attributable to the event.B.2. 1.7 TSC Engineering Supervisor The Engineering Supervisor reports to the TSC Manager.
The TSC Engineering Supervisor is responsible for the overall direction of Engineering Group activities and assessment.
The Engineering Supervisor also directs the analysis of plantproblems and core damage, and provides recommendations for plant modifications to mitigate the effects of the accident.
B.2.1.8 TSC Reactor EngineerThe Reactor Engineer reports to the Engineering Supervisor in the TSC. TheReactor Engineer is responsible for monitoring core conditions and providing recommendations to maintain the viability of the core. The Reactor Engineerrelieves the Shift Technical Advisor (STA) of Core Thermal Analysisresponsibilities.
B.2.1.9 TSC Engineering SupportThe TSC Engineering Support reports to the Engineering Supervisor in the TSC.The TSC Engineering Support is responsible for monitoring the plant systems andplanning corrective actions as appropriate.
E2-16 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PianB.2.1.I0 TSC Chemistry SupportThe TSC Chemistry Support reports to the RP Supervisor.
The TSC Chemistry Support is responsible for directing and evaluating in-plant chemistry and analyses, directing and evaluating post-accident
: sampling, and assisting in core damageassessment.
,B.2.1 .11 TSC Emergency Notification System (ENS) Communicator The ENS Communicator reports to the Operations Supervisor and is responsible forensuring NRC notifications are completed in accordance with the requirements of10 CFR 50.72 and 73.B.2.1 .12 TSC Health Physics Network (HPN) Communicator The HPN Communicator reports to the RP Supervisor and is responsible forproviding radiological and environmental information to the NRC on the HPN Line.B.2.1.13 TSC Emergency Response Facility (ERF) Communicator The ERF Communicator reports to the TSC ED. The ERF communicator isresponsible for staffing continuous communications links with their CR, OSC, EOFand JIC counterparts.
B.2.1.14 TSC Security Supervisor The Security Supervisor reports to the TSC Manager.
The TSC Security Supervisor is responsible for carrying out the plant security and Access Control program,maintaining personnel accountability onsite, and assisting in evacuation of onsiteareas.B.2.1.15 TSC Support Coordinator The Support Coordinator reports to the TSC Manager and directs the clerical andlogistic activities in the TSC, ensures support staff, including clerks, status boardkeepers, and communicators, are available in sufficient
: numbers, and ensures officesupplies,
: drawings, and other documents are available to TSC and OSC personnel.
B.2.2 Operations Support Center (OSC)See Figure B.2.2.A at end of Section B.B.2.2.1 OSC ManagerThe OSC Manager reports to the TSC Manager and directs a staff in providing labor, tools, protective equipment, and parts needed for emergency repair, damagecontrol, firefighting, search and rescue, first aid, and recovery.
B.2.2.2 OSC Mechanical Maintenance Group LeadThe Mechanical Maintenance Group Lead reports to the OSC Manager andprovides oversight for Mechanical Maintenance personnel.
Their responsibilities include planning the activities, briefing and debriefing the teams, tracking jobprogress, and maintaining periodic communication with the teams.E2-17 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanB.2.2.3 OSC Electrical Group LeadThe Electrical Group Lead reports to the OSC Manager and provides oversight forElectrical Maintenance personnel.
Their responsibilities include planning workactivities, team member selection and briefing, tracking job progress, andmaintaining communication.
B.2.2.4 OSC RP/Chemistry Group LeadThe RP/Chemistry Group Lead reports to the OSC Manager and provides oversight for RP and Chemistry Technicians.
Their responsibilities include onsiteradiological
: surveys, access control, personnel monitoring and decontamination, dosimetry issuance and monitoring, and onsite habitability surveys.B.2.2.5 OSC I&C Group LeadThe I&C Group Lead reports to the OSC Manager and provides oversight for I&CMaintenance personnel.
Their responsibilities include planning work activities, team member selection and briefing, tracking job progress, and maintaining communication.
B.2.2.6 OSC ERF Communicator The ERF Communicator reports to the OSC Manager and is responsible formaintaining communications with their counterpart in the Control Room, TSC,BOF, and JIC.B.2.2.7 OSC Personnel Selected personnel report to the OSC as directed.
Emergency personnel from theMaintenance, Operations, and RP/Chemistry Departments are directed to report tothe OSC. OSC teams are headed by a designated team leader, who maintains communication with the OSC. The following emergency teams may be formed byOSC personnel, as necessary:
* Search and rescue.* Repair.* Post-accident sampling.
* Internal survey.* Field monitoring.
B.3 Offsite Emergency Response Organization (ERO)The BOF and JIC Organizations consist of staff members from the SNC, Alabama PowerCompany, and Georgia Power Company corporate offices.
This organization is responsible for providing offsite emergency response support and resources as needed. The EOF and JICOrganizations are displayed in Figures B. 1 .D and B. 1 .E. The EOF and JIC Organizations may also include state and local personnel.
E2-18 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanB.3.1 EOF Organization The EOF Organization consists of selected management and staff members located inthe SNC Corporate Office. This organization is responsible for providing offsiteemergency response support and resources, as needed. The EOF Organization isdisplayed on Figure B.1.D. When the BOF is activated, EOF staff electronic devicesare activated, and EOF personnel are expected to report to the BOF. Personnel whoare not needed to augment positions are briefed and dismissed with a standby status.See Figure B.3.1 .A at end of Section B.B.3.1 .1 EOF Emergency DirectorThe EOF ED has overall coordinating authority for Southern Nuclear Companyresources.
Upon EOF activation, the BOF ED accepts responsibility for Notification and Protective Action Recommendation functions from the Control Room. The BOFED is also responsible for keeping SNC corporate management informed regarding the emergency response and Classification upgrades.
B.3.1.2 EOF ManagerThe BOF Manager reports to the EOF ED and is responsible for managing anddirecting EOF activities, developing recovery plans, procuring outside services andequipment, as necessary, coordination with offsite agencies and approving newsreleases.
B.3.1.3 EOF Support Coordinator The Support Coordinator reports to the EOF Manager.
The duties andresponsibilities of the Support Coordinator in the BOF include providing oversight ofthe News Writer, providing assistance to the Support Coordinator in the TSC forordering equipment and materials, and logistics arrangements for support personnel called in to assist in the emergency, including communications
: hardware, transportation, food, and lodging.B.3.1.4 BOF Dose Assessment Supervisor The Dose Assessment Supervisor reports to the EOF Manager and provides oversight of dose assessment, field team control, and protective action recommendation activities in the EOF; and coordinates communication of results with offsite agencies.
B.3.1.5 BOF Dose AnalystThe Dose Analyst reports to the Dose Assessment Supervisor.
The Dose Analystoperates the dose assessment model to provide estimates of environmental dose in theevent of a radiological release attributable to the event.B.3.1.6 EOF Field Team Coordinator The Field Team Coordinator reports to the Dose Assessment Supervisor.
The FieldTeam Coordinator develops the environmental sampling strategy in response topotential radiological releases and advises the Dose Assessment Supervisor and DoseAnalyst of measured radiological values in the environment.
E2-19 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanB.3.1.7 EOF Field Team Communicator The Field Team Communicator reports to the Field Team Coordinator.
The FieldTeam Communicator is responsible for communications with the Environmental Teams, providing them sampling direction and plant status with respect to teamsafety.B.3. 1.8 EOF Emergency Notification Network (ENN) Communicator The ENN Communicator in the EOF reports to the Emergency Communication Coordinator and is responsible for providing offsite agency notifications and periodicupdates.B.3.1.9 EOF Emergency Notification System (ENS) Communicator The ENS Communicator reports to the Emergency Communication Coordinator andis responsible for ensuring NRC notifications applicable to EOF operations arecompleted in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR 50.72 and 73.B.3.1.10 EOF Emergency Communications Coordinator The Emergency Communications Coordinator reports to the EOF Manager.
TheEmergency Communications Coordinator is responsible for assisting with thecoordination and facilitation of communications both within the facility as well aswith external agencies.
B.3.1.1 1 EOF Security Coordinator The Security Coordinator reports to the EOF Manager.
The duties andresponsibilities of the Security Coordinator will be assumed by SNC corporate personnel.
Responsibilities include supporting the plant security
: manager, keepingthe EOF Manager informed of any security events or issues, communication ofSecurity Related information to the NRC using the security bridge line, and asestablishing and maintaining access control for the EOF.B.3.1.12 LOF Offsite Response Coordinator The Offsite Response Coordinator reports to the EOF Manager.
The duties andresponsibilities of the Offsite Response Coordinator include coordination of activities for the dispatch and update of technical liaisons to state and local authorities andmonitoring EOF functional areas to facilitate coordination between the licensee andstate and local agencies.
B.3.1 .13 BOF Health Physics Network (H-PN) Communicator The HPN Communicator reports to the Dose Assessment Supervisor and isresponsible for providing radiological and environmental information to the NRCusing the HPN Line.B.3.1.14 EOF Administrative Support StaffThe Administrative Support Staff report to the EOF Support Coordinator.
Theadministrative support staff is responsible for providing clerical and administrative E2-20 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Plansupport to the Emergency organization, making entries to and retrieving data from theNuclear Network, retrieval of file documents, and updating status boards usinginformation provided from the sites.B.3.1.15 EOF LiaisonsLiaisons report to the Offsite Response Coordinator and respond to the applicable state and county Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs) as required by the type andsource of the event. Liaisons are assigned to Georgia,
: Alabama, and/or SouthCarolina state EOCs depending on which SNC site declared the initiating event.B.3.1.16 EOF Emergency Response Facility (ERF) Communicator The ERF Communicator reports to the EOF Emergency Director and is responsible for maintaining communications with their counterpart in the Control Room, TSC,OSC, and JIC.B.3.1.17 EOF Nuclear Spokesperson The Nuclear Spokesperson speaks on behalf of the company, providing plant statusupdates during news briefings.
The Spokesperson also may do one-on-one mediainterviews.
The position works with the Technical Assistant in keeping abreast of theevent status and keeps the Public Information Director (PID) posted on that status.B.3.1.18 EOF Technical Assistant The Technical Assistant reports to the Nuclear Spokesperson and is responsible forgathering accurate and timely information about the event and the plant's status fromdisplays, the ERF Communicator, ENN Forms and direct contact with the EOFManager.B.3.1.19 BOF Technical Supervisor The Technical Supervisor reports to the EOF Manager and is responsible forproviding engineering expertise during an emergency event at an SNC-operated plant. This may include interacting with non-SNC response groups, developing mitigation and recovery plans, and coordinating work performed by SNC and non-SNC engineering groups.B.3.1.20 EOF News WriterThe News Writer reports to the BOF Manager, gathers information, and preparesnews bulletins verified for distribution.
The News Writer coordinates technical approval with the EOF Manager and Nuclear Spokesperson.
B.3.2 Joint Information Center (JIC)See Figure B.3.2.A at end of Section B.B.3.2.1 JIC Public Information Director (PID)The PID is responsible for coordination of emergency information between the utilityand responding offsite organizations participating in the Joint Information Center(JIC). Additional duties include managing approval and dissemination of utility newsbulletins, facilitating news briefings, overseeing public response, serving as liaison toE2-21 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNO Standard Emergency Planthe media and coordinating offsite agencies.
The PID is responsible for evaluating the emergency's severity in terms of public interest and safety.B.3.2.2 JIC ManagerThe JIG Manager reports to the PID and supervises the activities of the technical andcommunications
: advisors, technical communicator and an administrative staff. TheJIC Manager responsibilities include:* Providing the EOF Manager with an overview of the public and media impactsof plant and governmental activities.
* Advising the Nuclear Spokesperson regarding information to be released to thepublic.* Maintaining up-to-date knowledge of conditions of the plant and environment, and the actions of SNC and governmental support personnel.
* Coordinating with the state to review and access media coverage of theemergency event.B.3.2.3 JIG Assistant The JIG Assistant reports to the J-IG Manager and is responsible for supervision anddirection of clerical staff in the facility; verification,
: approval, and distribution ofnews bulletins; direction of support staff activities; and maintenance of an accuraterecord of facility activities.
B.3.2.4 JIG Facility Coordinator The Facility Coordinator reports to the JIG Manager and is responsible for setting upthe facility and ensuring ongoing operability, as well as providing oversight forfacility Security personnel.
B.3.2.5 JIC Public Response Coordinator The Public Response Coordinator reports to the PID and is responsible for directing the facility's public response activities, keeping staff informed of the most currentplant status, and obtaining responses for rumors and public inquiries.
B.3.2.6 JIG Public Response StaffThe Public Response Staff reports to the Public Response Coordinator and isresponsible for coordinating and developing responses to rumors and public inquiry.B.3.2.7 JIG Media Relations Representative The Media Relations Representative reports to the JIG Manager and is responsible forimplementing utility media response and supervision of AV staff. This position mayassume emergency communications approval authority at the discretion of the PID.B.3.2.8 JIG ERF Communicator The ERF Communicator reports to the PID and is responsible for maintaining communications with their counterpart in the Control Room, TSC, OSC, and EOF.E2-22 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanB.4 Contractor and Private Organizations B.4.1 Vendors and Contractors Maj or equipment providers or Architect-Engineers include Westinghouse ElectricCorporation, General Electric Corporation, and Bechtel Power Corporation, whichcan provide the following assistance in an emergency:
* Trained personnel.
* Technical analysis.
* Operational analysis.
* Accident and transient analysis.
B.4.2 Other Utilities
* Other nuclear power plant organizations may provide personnel and equipment.
Prior written agreements frequently exist in these situations.
* The unaffected SNC plants provide mutual support;* Assistance from any nuclear power plant may be requested through an existingINPO link;* Voluntary Assistance Groups.B.4.3 Other Organizations B.4.3.1 Contract laboratories can provide assistance in environmental monitoring andsampling.
B.4.3.2 National Weather Service (NWS) provides up to date meteorological information tothe individual nuclear power plants.B.4.3.3 Local Organizations Other local organizations are detailed in the site-specific Annexes.B.5 Letters of Agreement (LOAs)The respective nuclear power plants have obtained LOAs with private contractors and otherswho provide emergency support services.
LOAs, as a minimum, state that the cooperating organization will provide its normal services in support of an emergency at the affected plant.LOA's are referenced in the site-specific plant Annex and the actual letters are maintained inaccordance with Emergency Plan procedures.
B.6 Local Emergency Support Organizations B.6.1 Local Law Enforcement AgenciesLocal law enforcement agencies may be called upon to lend assistance during theresponse to emergencies at any of the SNC-operated nuclear power plants. Details onthe services offered are in the SNC plant's site-specific Annex.E2-23 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanB.6.2 Ambulance ServicesAgreements for ambulance services are in place to transport injured personnel fromthe plants to the designated medical facility.
Training is provided for the transport ofcontaminated personnel, and qualified utility personnel may accompany theambulance.
Details on the services offered are in the SNC plant's site-specific Annex.B.6.3 Medical ServicesPrior arrangements have been made for medical treatment at a variety of facilities.
SNC-operated nuclear power plants are supported, and sites offer training to themedical staff in dealing with contaminated injured personnel.
Details on the servicesoffered are the SNC plant's site-specific Annex.B.6.4 Fire FightingTo supplement the Fire Brigade on-site, agreements are made with local firedepartments.
Details on the services offered may be found in the SNC plant's site-specific Annex.E2-24 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Plani TSC 75 Minute Augmentation EROMajor Functional Area Major Task Position TitleEmergency DirectorEmergency Direction and TSC ManagerControl Operations Supervisor Security Supervisor*
_______________________Support Coordinator*
*Notify licensee, state, local Emergency Notification and federal personnel
& System (ENS) Communicator Notification
/ Communication maintain communication Health Physics Network(HPN) Communicator Intra-facility Emergency Response Facility__ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ Com m unications (ERF) Com m unicatorRadolgialAcidntOffsite dose assessment Radiation Protection (RP)Radilogcal ccientSupervisor Assssentati ndl Suppoent of Offsite surveys Not applicable for this facilityOpssserainalAcdn Onsite and in-plant surveysAssssmntChemistry/Radio Chemistry Chemistry SupportTechnical Support Engineering Supervisor Reactor EngineerPlant System Engineering, Engineering Support (2)Repair and Corrective ActionsRepair and corrective Maintenance Supervisor
________________________
actionsAccess Control Not applicable for this facilityRP coverage for repair,corrective
: actions, searchProtective Actions and rescue first aid, &Pronlreghi m itin"__ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ Dosimetry_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Total 13Note: Site Annexes contain any additional site specific staffing.
* Security Supervisor is filled by on shift Security Supervisor
** Support Coordinator does not have a 75-minute Augmentation Time.Table IE2-25 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Plan, !
:~l~i iiii :,,i iii!iiiiO SC 75 M inute A ii~,iiii S M u ei ~ ~ ~ iE O !~~iiiii~~imentatlon ER i i~iii!! i ,i'!~Major Functional Area Major Tasks Position TitleEmergency Direction and OSC ManagerControlNotify licensee, state, local appicable for this facility:
and federal personnel
&Notification
/ Communication maintain communication Intra-facility ERF Communicator communications Radilogcal ccientOffsite dose assessment Not applicable for this facilityRassessmentand Suppornt of Offsite surveys Field Monitoring TeamOperational AccidentPesnl(2 AssssmntOnsite and in-plant surveys RP Technicians (2)AssesmentChemistry/Radio Chemistry Chemistry Technician Technical Support Not applicable for this facilityRepair and corrective Mechanical Maintenance Plant System Engineering, actions Group LeadRepair and Corrective Actions Electrical Maintenance Group ...Lead____________________
I&C Maintenance Group LeadAccess Control RP /Chemistry Group Lead* RP coverage for repair, RP Technicians (2)corrective
: actions, searchProtective Actions and rescue first aid, &firefighting
* Personnel monitoring
* Dosimetry_______________
Total 13Table 2E2-26 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanMajor Functional Area Major Task Position TitleEmergency Direction and Emergency Operations Emergency Director (ED)Control Facility (EOF) Director EOF ManagerSupport Coordinator**
Emergency Communication Coordinator Security Coordinator Offsite Response Coordinator Administrative Support StaffLiaisons (at EOCs)**-GA-AL-SCNotification
/ Notify licensee, state, local ENN Communicator Communication and federal personnel
& ENS Communicator maintain communication HPN Communicator Intra-facility ERF Communicator Communications Nuclear Spokesperson Technical Assistant News WriterField Team Communicator Radiological Accident Offsite dose assessment Dose Assessment Supervisor Assessment and Support of Dose AnalystOperational Accident Offsite surveys Field Team Coordinator Assessment Onsite and in-plant surveys Not ruire in this facilityChemistry/Radio Chemistry Not reuired in this facilityPlant System Engineering, Technical Support Technical Supervisor Repair and Corrective Repair and corrective Not required inthis facilityActions actions _________________
Protective Actions Access Control Not requir in this facilityRP coverage for repair, 'iiil i iicorrective
: actions, searchand rescue first aid, &firefighting Personnel monitoring
________________
Dosimetry_______________
Total 17Table 3**Support Coordinator, Administrative Support Staff, Liaisons (at EOCs) GA, AL, SC do not havea 75 minute Augmentation Time.E2-27 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanFunctional Area Major Task Position TitleMedia Response Media Response Public Information DirectorERF Communicator JIC ManagerJIC Assistant*
Facility Coordinator*
Clerical Staff*Security*
Public Response Coordinator Public Response Staff*Media Relations
________________________
________________________
Representative Total 5Note:
* JIC Assistant, Facility Coordinator, Clerical Staff, Security and Public ResponseStaff do not have a 75-minute Augmentation Time.Table 4E2-28 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanI-------1 osc IManager IShift IL ManagerL IERF ISCommunicator Minimum Staff positions are shaded boxesFigure B.2.1.A -Technical Support Center Organization E2-29 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency Plant TSCSManagerMinimum Staff positions are shaded boxesFigure B.2.2.A -Operational Support Center Organization E2-30 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency Plan.. .....-J Intimulon I, L. S~bmsonI GwgiaSI~ aoPIbmI IOter Sate /L-- countyLiasonsMinimum Staff positions are shaded boxesFigure B.3.I.A -Emergency Operations Facility Organization E2-31 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanEme~rgency JIAssistantJI Coodinator FcltM~inimum Staff Positions are shaded boxesFigure B.3.2.A -Joint Information Center Organization E2-32 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION C: EMERGENCY RESPONSE SUPPORT AND RESOURCES Once an emergency has been declared, the Emergency Director (ED) has the authority andresponsibility to request aid from offsite organizations, whether they are other SNC-operated nuclearpower plants, federal, state, local, or private organizations.
C. I Federal Assistance Federal agencies that may provide assistance in direct support of SNC in the event of anaccident are identified in Section A of this plan. If needed, federal resources are expected tobe made available to SNC.C.2 State Interfaces Designated SNC personnel are assigned to the state or county Emergency Operations Centers(EOCs). Locations have been provided in the BOF for liaisons from the state and county.C.3 Radiological Laboratories C.3.1 Onsite Laboratory The onsite laboratory/counting rooms at SNC-operated nuclear power plants are theprimary facility for radiation monitoring and analysis efforts.
The onsite laboratory isthe central point for receipt and analysis of onsite samples and includes equipment forchemical and radiological analyses.
The plant laboratories have the capability ofquantitative analysis of marine and air samples, and qualitative analysis of terrestrial samples.Additional facilities for counting and analyzing samples are available at the otherSNC-operated nuclear plants or state and federal laboratory services.
Theselaboratories can act as backup facilities in the event that the affected nuclear powerplant's counting room and laboratory become unusable or the capacity or capability ofthe plant's laboratory is exceeded.
C.3.2 Contract Laboratories Additional outside analytical assistance may be requested from contracted vendors.
These laboratories provide bioassay analysis and radiochemical analysis services.
C.4 Assistance Agreements C.4.1 Nuclear IndustryThe nuclear industry provides a reservoir of personnel with a wide range of technical expertise and knowledge.
A nuclear industry national inventory of personnel who maybe called upon to supplement company personnel has been developed through theInstitute of Nuclear Power Operations (1NPO). In addition, a number of utilities haveentered into an INPO coordinated Voluntary Assistance Agreement program.
Thisprovides a mechanism to draw on industry resources during an emergency.
Supportmay also be requested from neighboring utilities for the following:
,, Personnel and equipment to assist with in-plant and emergency field monitoring.
E2-33 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency Plan* Engineering, design, and tech~nical expertise to assist in determining the cause ofthe accident and to support recovery.
* Personnel and equipment to assist in maintenance and repairs to the facility.
SNC-operated plants are a signatory to two comprehensive agreements amongelectric utility companies:
* Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Response Voluntary Assistance Agreement.
* Voluntary Assistance Agreement By and Among Electric Utilities Involved inTransportation of Nuclear Materials.
C.4.2 Offsite resources SNC supports the sharing of personnel and resources among SNC-olperated nuclearpower plants, providing a large personnel and equipment base.C.4.2.1 American Nuclear Insurers (ANI)ANI provides insurance to cover SNC legal liability up to the limits imposed bythe Price-Anderson Act, for bodily injury and/or property damage caused by thenuclear energy hazard resulting from an accident at a nuclear power plant.C.4.2.2 Civil/Structural Engineers Plants have an Architect-Engineer that could be called on to provideengineering expertise in dealing with a nuclear power plant accident.
C.4.2.3 Nuclear Steam Supply System VendorUnder established contracts, the following will supply available engineering expertise, specialized equipment, and other services identified as needed anddeemed appropriate to provide in an emergency situation:
* General Electric (GE) Nuclear Energy.* Westinghouse Electric Company.C.4.2.4 Supplemental Emergency Assistance to the EROSNC-operated nuclear power plants maintain agreements with outside supportagencies that do not take part in the organizational control of the emergency, but provide assistance when called on during an emergency or during therecovery phase. These agreements identify the emergency measures to beprovided, the mutually accepted criteria for implementation, and thearrangements for exchange of information.
These support agencies provideservices of:* Law enforcement.
* Fire protection.
* Ambulance services.
* Medical and hospital support.* DOE Radiological Assistance Program (RAP).E2-34 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanC.4.2.5 Local Response Organizations In many cases, local groups provide for emergency communications and other.services, such as transportation and medical assistance.
References to thesegroups are contained in the site-specific Annexes.E2-35 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION D: EMERGENCY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMD. 1 Classification of Emergencies D.I1.1 Emergency Conditions D. 1.1.1 Emergency classification is divided into four classification levels described in 10CFR 50 Appendix B and NUREG 0654 and based on NEI 99-01 and 07-01methodologies.
Emergency Action Levels (EALs), based on indications available in the controlroom and correlated to the emergency classifications, are provided to the operator.
SNC has and maintains the capability to assess, classify, and declare an emergency condition within 15 minutes after the availability of indications to plant operators that an EAL threshold has been met or exceeded.
Upon identification of theappropriate emergency classification level, the emergency condition will bepromptly declared.
The classification scheme is provided to and discussed by Southern NuclearCompany, agreed upon by state and county governmental authorities and approvedby the NRC. The classification scheme and specific Emergency Action Levelsare reviewed with the State and local governmental authorities on an annual basis.D.l.l.2 Emergency Classification Level Descriptions There are three considerations related to emergency classification levels. Theseare:(1) The potential impact on radiological safety, either as known now or as can bereasonably projected.
(2) How far the plant is beyond its predefined design, safety, and operating envelopes.
(3) Whether or not conditions that threaten health are expected to be confined towithin the site boundary.
The Initiating Conditions (ICs) deal explicitly with radiological safety impact byescalating from levels corresponding to releases within regulatory limits toreleases beyond EPA Protective Action Guideline (PAG) plume exposure levels.The four emergency classification levels are described as follows:UNUSUAL EVENT (UE)Events are in progress or have occurred which indicate a potential degradation of thelevel of safety of the plant or indicate a security threat to facility protection has beeninitiated.
No releases of radioactive material requiring offsite response or monitoring are expected unless further degradation of safety systems occurs.ALERTEvents are in progress or have occurred which involve an actual or potential substantial degradation of the level of safety of the plant or a security event thatinvolves probable life threatening risk to site personnel or damage to site equipment E2-36 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency Planbecause of hostile action. Any releases are expected to be limited to small fractions of the EPA PAG exposure levels.SITE AREA EMERGENCY (SAE)Events are in progress or have occurred which involve actual or likely major failuresof plant functions needed for protection of the public or hostile action that results inintentional damage or malicious acts toward site personnel or equipment that could 1)lead to the likely failure of, or 2) prevent effective access to, equipment needed forthe protection of the public. Any releases are not expected to result in exposurelevels that exceed EPA PAG exposure levels beyond the site boundary.
GENERAL EMERGENCY (GE)Events are in progress or have occurred which involve actual or imminent substantial core degradation or melting with potential for loss of containment integrity or hostileaction that results in an actual loss of physical control of the facility.
Releases can bereasonably expected to exceed EPA PAG exposure levels offsite for more than theimmediate site area.D.2 Basis for Emergency Classification CriteriaD.2.l Emergency Action Levels.Planned evolutions involve preplanning to address the limitations imposed by thecondition, the performance of required surveillance
: testing, and the implementation of specific controls prior to knowingly entering the condition, in accordance withthe specific requirements of Technical Specifications.
Planned or unplanned activities that cause the plant to operate beyond the limits allowed by Technical Specifications may result in an EAL threshold being met or exceeded.
Plannedevolutions to test, manipulate, repair, or perform maintenance or modifications tosystems and equipment that result in an EAL value being met or exceeded are notsubject tO classification as long as the evolution proceeds as planned and is withinthe operational limitations imposed by the operating license.Classifications are based on evaluation of the applicable unit. Classifications arebased on valid indications,
: reports, or conditions.
Thresholds assume validindications.
Reports or conditions are considered valid when they are verified by 1)an instrument channel check, or 2) indications on related or redundant indications, or 3) by direct observation by plant personnel, in such a way that any doubt as tothe indication's operability, the condition's existence, or the report's accuracy isremoved.
Implicit in this definition is the need for timely assessment.
Although the majority of the EALs provide very specific thresholds, the Emergency Director must remain alert to events or conditions that lead to the conclusion thatexceeding the EAL is imminent.
If, in the judgment of the Emergency
: Director, animminent situation is at hand, the classification should be made as if the threshold has been exceeded.
An Emergency Action Level has two distinct parts. The Initiating Condition (IC) isa brief description of conditions that are compared to existing abnormal plantE2-37 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Planconditions.
The ICs are segregated into Recognition Categories.
The Recognition Categories are:* R -Abnormal Radiological Levels/Radiological Effluent.
* C -Cold Shutdown/Refueling System Malfunctions.
* E -Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installations (ISFSI).* F -Fission Product Barrier.* H -Hazards and Other Conditions Affecting Plant Safety.* S -System Malfunction.
With each IC are Threshold Values (TV) that provide the criteria for classification associated with the appropriate classification level. When the IC is observed toexist, the TV must also be met, exceeded or in some cases imminent to become aclassifiable Emergency Action Level.The Fission Product Barrier and System Malfunction criteria are only applicable when in the hot operating modes. The Cold Shutdown/Refueling Systemmalfunctions are only applicable in cold shutdown and Defueled modes or asspecifically designated in each EAL. The EALs associated with the Radiological, ISFSI, and Hazards categories are applicable in all modes of operation.
D.2.2 Initiating Conditions have symptom-based, event-based, or barrier-based criteria.
Symptom-based ICs refer to those indicators that are measurable over somecontinuous
: spectrum, such as core temperature, coolant levels, or containment pressure.
When one or more of these indicators begin to show off-normal
: readings, reactor operators are trained to identify the probable causes and potential consequences of these "symptoms" and take corrective action. The level ofseriousness that these symptoms indicate depends on the degree to which they haveexceeded technical specifications, the other symptoms, or events that are occurring contemporaneously, and the capability of the licensed operators to gain control andbring the indicator back to safe levels.Event-based ICs refer to occurrences with potential safety significance, such as thefailure of a safety valve or a loss of electric power to some part of the plant. Therange of seriousness of these "events' is dependent on the location, number ofcontemporaneous events, remaining plant safety margin, and so forth.Barrier-based ICs refer to the level of challenge to the principal barriers that ensurecontainment of radioactive materials contained within a nuclear power plant. Forradioactive materials that are contained within the reactor core, these barriers are:fuel cladding, reactor coolant system pressure
: boundary, and containment.
Thelevel of challenge to these barriers encompasses the extent of damage (loss orpotential loss) and the number of barriers concurrently under challenge.
In general,challenge to one or more barriers is initially identified through instrument readingsand periodic sampling.
Deterioration of the reactor coolant system pressureboundary or the fuel clad barrier usually indicates an Alert condition, two barriersunder challenge a Site Area Emergency, and loss of two barriers with the thirdbarrier under challenge is a General Emergency.
The fission product barrier criteriaE2-38 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Planrecognize that some events may represent a challenge to more than one barrier, andthat the containment barrier is weighted less than the reactor coolant systempressure boundary and the fuel clad barriers.
D.2.3 Emergency Action Level Threshold ValuesThe most common bases for establishing Threshold Values are the Technical Specifications, Operating Procedures, the Offsite Dose Calculation Manual(ODCM), and setpoints that have been developed in the design basis calculations for the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR).Another critical element of the analysis to arrive at Threshold Value conditions isthe time that the plant might stay in that condition before moving to a higheremergency classification level. The time dimension is critical to the EAL, since thepurpose of the emergency classification level for state and local officials is to notifythem of the level of mobilization that may be necessary to address the emergency.
This is particularly true when a Site Area Emergency or General Emergency isimminent.
A time variable is used to allow for correction of the condition before aclassification is made.Site-specific Threshold Values for Emergency Action Level Initiating Conditions are maintained in the station's Emergency Action Level Technical Basis document.
D.2.4 Treatment of Multiple events and Classification Level Upgrading When multiple simultaneous events occur, the emergency classification level isbased on the highest EAL reached.
Emergency classification level upgrading considers the potential for radioactive release from the entire site due to the event orsimultaneous events.D .2.5 Emergency Classification Level Downgrading and Termination The SNC policy is that once an emergency classification is made, it cannot bedowngraded to a lower classification.
Termination criteria contained in theEmergency Plan Implementing Procedures shall be completed for an event to beterminated.
At termination, on an event specific basis, the site can either enternormal operating conditions or enter a recovery condition with a recoveryorganization established for turnover from the ERG.D.2.6 Classifying Transient EventsMany of the Initiating Conditions and/or EALs described in this document employtime-based threshold criteria.
These criteria will require that the threshold conditions be present for a defined period of time before an emergency classification is warranted.
In cases where no time-based criteria are specified, it isrecognized that some transient events may cause an EAL threshold to be met for afew seconds to a few minutes.
The following guidance should be applied to theclassification of these events.EAL threshold momentarily met during expected plant response
-There may beinstances where an EAL threshold is briefly met during an expected plant response.
In these cases, an emergency declaration is not warranted, provided that systemsE2-39 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Planand components are operating as expected, and associated operator actions areappropriate.
EAL threshold met but the condition clears or is corrected prior to emergency declaration
-The key consideration is to determine if any plant damage occurred asa result of the transient event.If plant damage is readily apparent, or if further assessment is necessary toconfirm or rule out such damage, then the EAL threshold should be considered met and the appropriate emergency declaration made. Terminate the emergency if the assessment determines that there was no plant damage from the event andwhen other termination criteria are met.*If no plant damage is readily apparent and no further damage assessment iswarranted, no emergency declaration is required;
: however, the event should bereported to the NRC per 10 CFR 50.72 within one hour, and notification of thestate and local emergency response organizations should be made in accordance with the arrangements made between the site and offsite organizations.
EAL threshold met but classification was not made at the time of the event. -Thissituation occurs when personnel discover that a condition existed which met anEAL threshold but no emergency was declared and the condition no longer exists atthe time of this discovery.
This may be due to the emergency condition not beingrecognized at the time, or an error was made in the emergency classification process.
In these cases, the guidance contained in NUREG-1022, section 3.1.1 isapplicable.
Specifically, the event should be reported to the NRC per 10 CFR 50.72within one hour of the discovery of the undeclared event, and notification of thestate and local emergency response organizations should be made in accordance with the arrangements made between the site and offsite organizations.
D.2.7 Operating Mode Applicability The plant operating mode that existed at the time that the event occurred, prior toany protective system or operator action initiated in response to the condition, iscompared to the mode applicability of the EALs. If an event occurs, and a lower orhigher plant operating mode is reached before the emergency classification levelcan be declared, the emergency classification level shall be based on the mode thatexisted at the time the event occurred.
E2-40 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION E: NOTIFICATION METHODS AND PROCEDURES E. 1 Notification Methodology E. 1.1 SNC, in cooperation with state and county authorities, has established methods andprocedures for notification of offsite response organizations consistent with theemergency classification and emergency action level scheme. These notifications include a means of verification or authentication.
The methods used forauthentication are developed and mutually agreed to by the utility and offsiteauthorities.
The primary notification method will be by a dedicated communications system.SNC-operated plants maintain the capability of notifying state and local agencieswithin 15 minutes of a declared emergency as required by 1OCFR5O Appendix E,IV.D.3. The methods and forms used for notifying state and county authorities aresite-specific, and detailed in plant specific Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures (EPIPs).NRC will be notified by the Headquarters Operations Officer immediately following state and local notifications, but within an hour of an emergency classification.
When multiple units of a multi-unit site are affected by an emergency, theclassification shall be reported as applicable to all affected units. In situations wheremultiple units of a multi-unit site are affected by emergency events, but the events arenot related and the classification for each unit is different, notification will be madefor the highest classification.
An accelerated call to the NRC Headquarters Operations Officer will be madefollowing discovery of an imminent threat or attack against a plant. During a planttransient or an imminent threat situation requiring physical security
: response, plantpersonnel are primarily responsible for stabilizing the plant and keeping it safe. Anaccelerated notification will not interfere with plant or personnel safety or physicalsecurity response.
The accelerated notification will be completed after or concurrent with notification oflocal law enforcement agencies.
The goal will be to initiate the notification within 15minutes of discovery of an imminent threat or attack against a plant. The information provided in the accelerated notification will be limited to the following:
* Site name.a Emergency classification if determined prior to the accelerated notification.
* Nature of the threat and the attack status.E.2 Notification of Personnel E.2.1 Notification of Onsite Personnel The Emergency Director is responsible for classifying an event into the appropriate emergency classification and then notifying on-site personnel of the emergency declaration in accordance with procedures.
This notification may consist of the use ofthe plant emergency alarm, announcements over the plant public address system, oractivation of the recall system.E2-41 Enciosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanEmergency Response personnel respond to their assigned Emergency ResponseFacilities upon notification of an Alert or higher classification level. In the event of aDesign Basis Threat, personnel may be directed to respond to alternative facilities.
Notification of persons who are in the public access areas, on or passing through thesite, or within the controlled area, will be performed by the Security Department.
Such notifications will be in accordance with the Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures (EPIPs).Visitors within the protected area are escorted by a permanently badged individual.
This individual is responsible for informing the visitors of emergencies when theyoccur and for taking action to evacuate the visitors from the site, as necessary.
Notification procedures include notification of Emergency Response Organization Personnel (ERO) not on site or during backshift hours. ERO members will benotified by means of an automated callout system activated by on-shift personnel.
E.2.2 Notification of State and local Authorities A dedicated ENN will normally be used to accomplish state and local notifications.
Backup means of communication are described in Section F, Emergency Communications, of this plan.E.2.2.1 State and Local AgenciesState and local agencies listed in the site specific Annexes shall be notified withinfifteen (15) minutes of:* The initial emergency classification.
* Classification change.* The issuance of, or change to, a Protective Action Recommendation (PAR).E.2.2.2 Initial Notification Message FormIn conjunction with state and county authorities, SNC-operated plants haveestablished the contents of the initial and subsequent state notification messageforms to be used during an emergency.
These forms are described in EPIPs. Thecontent of the forms has been reviewed and agreed on by the respective OffsiteResponse Organizations.
E.2.2.3 Follow-up Emergency MessageThe Emergency Director is responsible for the completion of a follow-up emergency message.
The appropriate ERO personnel will ensure the emergency communicator(s) periodically provide follow-up messages to the appropriate offsitefederal, state, and local authorities.
E.2.3 Notification of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)The NRC is notified via the ENS. If the ENS is inoperative, the required notification will be made using alternate means in accordance with regulatory requirements.
TheEmergency Response Data System (ERDS), will be initiated within one hour of thedeclaration of an Alert or higher classification.
E2-42 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSpecific information on the notifications to the NRC for emergency events is detailedin the reporting requirements of 10 CFR 50.72.E.2.4 Notification of Other Federal AgenciesNotification of other Federal Agencies will be made in accordance with site specificProcedures.
E.2.5 Notification of the PublicPrompt alerting and notification of the public within the plume exposure pathwayEPZ is the obligation of state and local government or other responsible authority.
The responsibility for ensuring the means exist to carry out this purpose rests withSouthern Nuclear Operating Company.
An overview of these means excluding theSavannah River Site is listed in the site specific Annex of this Plan.Initial notification of the public will occur in a manner consistent with assuring thepublic health and safety. The design objective for the system is to meet theacceptance criteria provided in a subsequent section of the FEMA approved designreport for each SNC-operated plant. The design objective does not constitute aguarantee that prompt notification can be provided for everyone with 100 percentassurance, or that the system when tested under actual field conditions will meet thedesign objectives.
In the event of an emergency, the Emergency Director is responsible for notifying appropriate state and local response organizations, plant emergency responseorganization, and plant personnel.
E.2.5.1 Concept of Operations In the event of a serious emergency at any SNC site, the primary means for alertingthe public will be by the FEMA approved Alert and Notification System (ANS)referenced in the site specific Annex.Each site has a FEMA approved backup notification system in the event of a loss ofthe primary alert and notification system. Details of the backup methods can befound in the site specific Annex.Detailed information and instructions will be provided on local EAS radio andtelevision stations.
Commercial radio stations and television stations whosebroadcasts are received in the plume exposure pathway EPZs have agreed tobroadcast emergency instructions and information in cooperation with offsiteofficials.
These continuing instructions will provide more specific or detailed information ofany protective actions advised for affected areas. Information on the nature of theaccident, on any releases, and on the progress in ameliorating or terminating theemergency event, will also be provided periodically on the commercial
: stations, along with a prognosis for escalation or termination of the event.E2-43 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanE.2.5.2 Criteria for Acceptance
: 1. Within the plume exposure pathway EPZ, the prompt alerting and notification system will provide an alerting signal and notification by fixed sirens; furthernotification will be provided by local commercial radio and television stationsactivated by EAS.2. The minimum acceptable design objectives for coverage by the system are:a) Capability for both an alerting signal and an informational or instructional message to the population on an area-wide basis throughout the plumeexposure pathway EPZ, within 15 minutes.b) The initial notification system will assure direct coverage of essentially 100percent of the population within five miles of the site.These design objectives have been met by FEMA approved ANS Design reportreferenced in the site specific Annex.3. Local and state agencies have the capability to provide information promptlyover local commercial radio and television at the time of the activation of thealerting signal. Authority for activation of the EAS, which permits designated governmental officials to issue emergency information and instruction inthreatened or actual emergencies, is given by 47CFR part 11, EAS Rules.Information will be distributed on an annual basis to residents and businesses withinthe EPZ.The testing and maintenance of the public alerting sirens are the responsibility ofSNC. The maintenance program will consist of both periodic routine checks and, asrequired, corrective maintenance.
The periodic routine maintenance and test program will be based on themanufacturers' recommendations and experience gained with the installation.
: Annually, the system will be activated in the normal mode. Advance notice of thetest will be provided to the public. Activation of sirens will be verified by thesystem. Reports of siren failures will be investigated and repaired by the respective SNC site.Unsatisfactory conditions detected by any means will be promptly repaired.
State and local emergency management will detail the Prompt Notification System(PNS) activation.
Activation of the alert and notification system (ANS) is discussed in the offsiteagencies' specific emergency response plans.E.2.6 Public Protective Action MessagesState and local authorities have developed procedures and messages to be provided tothe public in the event of an emergency at an SNC-operated nuclear power plant.Details of these procedures and messages are in the appropriate state and localemergency plans.E2-44 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanE.2.7 Verification of Notification MessagesThe SNC emergency notification form is transmitted electronically to the responsible state and local agencies using a secure data sharing system provided by SNC. Oncetransmitted to the OROs, the receipt of this information is confirmed using adedicated communications link. In the event an agency is unable to obtain theemergency notification form electronically, the affected agency will be contacted using a dedicated communication link and the content of the form will becommunicated verbally to the agency. As these systems are dedicated
: systems, noadditional verification of the authenticity of the message is required for verification ofmessages with state and local agencies in the states of Alabama and Georgia.Communications with agencies in the state of South Carolina will be authenticated using the authentication system provided by the South Carolina Emergency Management Division.
In the unlikely event both the electronic notification transmittal capability and dedicated communications links are lost then theemergency notification form will be communicated verbally using commercial telephone lines, and the receiving agency may verify authenticity of the message bycalling the licensee back.E2-45 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNO Standard Emergency PlanSECTION F: EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS F. 1 Communications F. 1.1 At SNC-operated nuclear power plants, several modes of reliable communication areavailable, during both normal and emergency conditions, to transmit and receiveinformation among the Control Room, TSC, OSC, EOF, and other locations onsiteand offsite including the Joint Information Center near the SNC site. Reliableprimary and backup means of communication have been established.
The use of the communications systems during normal and emergency conditions hasbeen integrated into plans, procedures, and the training program.F. 1.2 SNC-operated plants maintain the capability to make initial notifications to thedesignated offsite agencies 24 hours per day. Offsite notifications can be made to stateand county warning points and Emergency Operations Centers from the Control Room,Technical Support Center, and Emergency Operations Facility using the ENN.Reliable backup methods have been written into procedures.
State and county warningpoints are continuously staffed.F.I1.3 Provisions exist for continuous communications with state and local governments within the Emergency Planning Zones, as detailed above. At least one on-site andone offsite communications system is maintained, each with a backup power sourceto ensure continuous communications.
F.1 .4 SNC has established communications systems to provide reliable communications with federal emergency response organizations.
Communications with federalagencies is primarily by commercial telephone, with alternate systems being utilized asneeded.Communication with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is on the FederalTelephone System (FTS) telephone
: network, which connects the SNC plant site andEOF with the NRC Operations Center. Site extensions are located in the ControlRoom, TSC, and Site NRC Resident Inspector's Office. Site extensions include ENS,HPN, ERDS, and other designated counterpart links connecting to the NRCOperations Center.Commercial telephone lines serve as the backup to the ENS and other FTS lines.F. 1.4.1 NRC Emergency Notification System (ENS)This communications line provides a communications link to the NRC Operations Center in Rockville,
: Maryland, and is used for continuous communications in aclassified emergency.
F. 1.4.2 NRC Health Physics Network (HPN)This communications line provides a communications link with the NRC to provideradiological information.
E2-46 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanF. 1.4.3 NRC Reactor Safety Counterpart Link (RSCL)This communications line provides a communications link for the NRC to conductinternal NRC discussions on plant equipment conditions separate from the licensee.
F. 1.4.4 Protective Measures Counterpart Link (PMCL)This communications line provides a communications link for the NRC to conductinternal NRC discussions on radiological
: releases, meteorological conditions, andthe need for protective actions.F. 1.4.5 Management Counterpart Link (MCPL) (Executive Bridge Line)This communications line provides a communications link for any NRC internaldiscussions between the NRC Executive Team Director or Executive Teammembers and the NRC response team leader or top-level licensee management atthe site.F.1.4.6 Security Bridge LineThis communications line provides a communications link with the NRC to providesecurity-related information by the site team with access to the NRC Headquarters Operations Center LANP.1.4.7 Southern Company Network AccessThis communications line provides the NRC site tearil with access to the NRCOperations Center's LAN. LAN connections are provided on the SouthernCompany network.F.1.4.8 Emergency Response Data System (ERDS)ERDS is a dedicated network and is a direct near real-time electronic data linkbetween the plant's on-site computer system and the NRC Operations Center. Itprovides for the automated transmission of a limited data set of selected parameters.
F. 1.5 SNC-operated nuclear power plants have reliable communications between the plantsand the EOF, state and local emergency operations
: centers, and radiological monitoring S teams, as detailed above.F. 1.6 SNC-operated nuclear power plants use an automated ERO Notification System torapidly notify members of the ERO. The system is designed with redundant power,and with geographic separation.
E2-47 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanSNC Emergency Communications MatrixOn Site State Countieso 0--, 2 r ..) o o ..--' oSNC Phone~ 0)0SystemCommercial PhonesSound PoweredPhonesEmergency Notification X X X X X X XX X XX X XX X XXNetwork (ENN)Radios X X XX XPublic AddressX X X XNRC LineAccessEmergency Response Data X X XSystem (ERDS) __Table 5E2-48 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanF.2 Medical Emergency Communications Communications have been established between the primary and backup medical hospitals andtransportation services with SNC-operated plants.F.3 Communications TestsCommunications tests will be conducted on the frequency specified below. Each of these testsincludes provisions to ensure participants in the test are able to understand the content of themessages in the test.* Communications with state and local governments within the plume exposure pathwaywill be tested monthly.* Communications with federal response organizations and state governments within theplume exposure pathway will be tested quarterly.
* Communications between SNC-operated nuclear power plants, state Emergency Operating Centers and local Emergency Operations
: Centers, and radiation monitoring teams will be tested annually.
* Communication from the Control Room, TSC, and BOF to the NRC Operations Centerwill be tested monthly.* The Emergency Response Data System (ERDS) will be tested on a quarterly basis.* The fixed siren portion of the Alert and Notification System (ANS) will be tested andverified in accordance with existing FEMA approvals.
E2-49 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION G: PUBLIC EDUCATION AND INFORMATION G.l PurposeSouthern Nuclear Company (SNC) will provide education and emergency information to thepublic consisting of the following:
* The release of information to the public through the dissemination of timely, accurateemergency communications.
* The orderly flow of emergency information during the recovery period.* Providing public education and information for the distribution of emergency preparedness materials to residents and transient populations.
G.2 News Media TrainingA program will be offered each calendar year to acquaint the news media with the methodology for obtaining information during an emergency and with overall emergency preparedness atAPC/GPC nuclear plants, as appropriate.
Training will include information about the plant,emergency
: response, and the role of the JIC, as well as opportunities to participate in drillactivities.
G.3 News ReleasesThe Utility will issue news releases covering events, conditions, and actions at the Plant. Newsreleases are designed to be a written confirmation of events and are public information.
The SNC News Writer will write news releases in the EOF and obtain SNC approval from theEOF Manager, then forward them to the JIG as appropriate.
The Facility Manager at that locationwill obtain communications approval and direct distribution of the release.G.4 Press Briefings Press briefings will be conducted to keep the media informed of events and activities relating tothe emergency.
Briefings will provide the most current, up-to-date information about events andresponse to the incident.
Public Information Officers (PIOs) from all offsite agencies responding to the emergency will be encouraged to participate in the briefings to discuss their particular activities.
G.5 Public ResponseAll appropriate information will be released as clearly, concisely, and quickly as possible.
Publicannouncements will be made on a frequent and regular basis.G.6 Resource Materials Media guides are available on the Utility websites and are accessible from the JIG. These guidesare updated regularly and are available to all news media.An emergency web page will be activated and will replace the normal web page on the appropriate Utility's website at the PID's discretion.
Maps, photographs, and diagrams of the plant and its operations are stored and maintained at theJIG for use during news briefings E2-50 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanG.7 Public Information Plan For RecoveryThe lead emergency communications representative in the Recovery Organization will be thePublic Information Director.
This person or designee will maintain close contact with theRecovery Manager.
Emergency communications response will follow the guidelines andprocedures described for accident response.
As conditions and public interest
: warrant, additional Public Information personnel will be assignedto support the flow of information concerning recovery operations.
Information for possible release will be cleared with the Recovery Manager and the PublicInformation Director and given to the media through established procedures.
All information will be released through established channels of communication to federal andstate authorities, the utility industry, the public, and employees.
Advance notice will be given to the public through the media, of any Company action that will ormay affect the health and safety of the plume exposure pathway EPZ residents.
Information of thistype will be followed up with a news release as soon as the results of any such action are known.G.8 Public Information and Education ProgramThe goal of the public information program is to acquaint the general public with the emergency plans for the operation of APC/GPC nuclear plants, as appropriate, and actions they should take inthe event of a plant emergency.
Emergency information is disseminated each calendar year for residents in the plume exposurepathway Emergency Planning Zone.E2-51 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION H: EMERGENCY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT H. 1 Onsite Emergency Response Facilities SNC-operated nuclear power plants have established a TSC and an onsite OSC, which are staffedand activated within 75 minutes of the declaration of an Alert or higher classification.
Emergency Response Facilities may be activated at an Unusual Event at the discretion of the Emergency Director.
Until the TSC and OSC are activated, required functions of these facilities are performed in the Control Room.H.I.1 Control RoomThe Control Room is the centralized onsite location from which the plant's reactors andmajor plant systems are operated.
The Control Room is equipped with instrumentation tosupply detailed information on the reactors and major plant systems.
The Control Room iscontinuously staffed with qualified, licensed operators, and is the first onsite facility torespond to emergency events. Control Room personnel evaluate and effect control overemergencies until support centers can be activated.
As other Emergency Response Facilities (ERFs) become activated, they will support the Control Room, and overall Command andControl of the emergency will transfer to the TSC. Offsite Agency Notification andProtective Action Recommendation determination will transfer to the EOF. Control Roomactivities may include:* Reactor and plant control.* Initial direction of plant related operations.
* Accident recognition, classification, mitigation and initial corrective actions.* Alerting of onsite personnel.
* Notification of appropriate individuals.
* Activation of emergency response facilities and ERO notification.
* Notification of offsite agencies.
* Notification and update of the NRC via ENS.* Continuous evaluation of the magnitude and potential consequences of any incident.
* Recommendations for immediate protective actions for the public.* Activation of the Emergency Response Data System (ERDS).H. 1.2 Technical Support Center (TSC)SNC-operated nuclear power plants have established a TSC for use during emergency situations by plant management, technical, and engineering support personnel.
The TSC isprocedurally required to be activated within 75 minutes following the declaration of an Alertor higher classification.
Activation for Unusual Events or unclassified incidents is optional.
When activated, TSC functions include:* Support for the Control Room's emergency response efforts.* Performance of response management functions when in Command & Control.* Continued evaluation of event classification.
* Assessment of the plant status and potential offsite impact.E2-52 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Plan* Coordination of emergency response actions.* Notification of appropriate corporate and plant management.
* Notification and update of the NRC via the ENS.* Notification and update of the NRC via Health Physics Network (HJPN).The TSC is the on-site location used to support the Control Room for assessment of plantstatus and for implementation of emergency actions.
TSC personnel provide technical dataand information to the BOF. Each TSC provides reliable voice and electronic communications to the Control Room, the OSC, the EOF, the NRC, and state Emergency Operations Centers.The TSC is sized to accommodate ERO responders and NRC Representatives.
State andcounty personnel are not expected to report to the TSC. Personnel in the TSC are protected from radiological
: hazards, including direct radiation and airborne contaminants underaccident conditions, with similar radiological habitability standards as Control Roompersonnel.
To ensure adequate radiological protection, radiation monitoring equipment has beeninstalled in the TSC, or periodic radiation surveys are conducted.
These systems indicateradiation dose rates while in use. In addition, potassium iodide (KI) is available for use.The TSC has access to a controlled set of drawings and other records, including generalarrangement
: diagrams, piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs),
and electrical schematics.
The TSC has the capability to display vital plant data, in real time, to be used byknowledgeable individuals responsible for engineering and management support of reactoroperations, and for implementation of emergency procedures.
Details of the TSC configuration and location are in the site specific Annexes.H. 1.3 Operations Support Center (OSC)The OSC has been established to provide an area for coordinating and planning activities andstaging personnel and equipment.
The OSC responders include groups such as Instrument and Control Technicians, Mechanics, Electricians, Nuclear Chemistry and RP Technicians, Operations personnel, and oncoming shift personnel.
Additional space is available toaccommodate personnel as required.
If the OSC is deemed uninhabitable, the OSC may bemoved to other locations as deemed appropriate by the OSC Manager.Emergency supplies are maintained in the OSC. When an emergency condition exists at oneSNC-operated nuclear power plant, additional supplies can be obtained from other unaffected plants and SNC resources upon request.Details of the OSC configuration and location are in the site specific Annexes.H. 1.4 Alternative Facilities An Alternative Facility for staging of ERO personnel has been designated at the sites. In theevent of a Security or Hostile Action threat or event, the designated Alternative Facility mayalso serve as an evacuation location for TSC and OSC personnel.
The Alternative Facility isdesigned to be accessible in the event of an onsite HAB event and has the capability to:* Communicate with the Control Room, Security, and the EOF.E2-53 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Plan* Conduct engineering assessment activities including damage control team planning andpreparation.
The functions of Notification and PARs will be performed from the EOF should theAlternative Facility be activated.
Details of Alternative Facilities can be found in the SiteSpecific Annex.H.2 Offsite Emergency Facilities H.2.1 Emergency Operations FacilityThe EOF is the central location for management of the offsite emergency
: response, coordination of radiological assessment, and management of initial recovery operations.
TheBOF is a dedicated facility located in Birmingham,
: Alabama, and serves as the EOF for SNCsites (VEGP, FNP, and I-NP). Staffing and activation of the BOF is mandatory upondeclaration of an Alert or higher classification.
The EOF provides for:* Management of overall emergency response.
* Coordination of radiological and environmental assessments.
* Protective Action Recommendations.
* Notification of Offsite Agencies.
* Management of recovery operations.
* Notification and update of the NRC via ENS.* Notification and update of the NRC via Health Physics Network (HPN).* Coordination of emergency response activities with federal, state, and local agencies.
The BOF is capable of accommodating designated SNC personnel and offsite local, state andfederal responders including NRC and FEMA. It is anticipated that representatives from thestate(s) of Georgia, South Carolina,
: Alabama, or Florida may be dispatched to the BOF foran event at specific SNC site(s).
Responders from state and local agencies have access toplant parameters through the various data displays available in the BOF. See Figure H.2.A.Based on the physical location of the EOF, specialized ventilation systems are not required.
The BOF ventilation system is consistent in design with standard building codes. Similarly, EOF functions would not be interrupted by radiation releases from any SNC site.Normal power to the EOF is from a reliable offsite source. Emergency lighting is providedby battery-operated lights. Backup power for the EOF is supplied by onsite dieselgeneration.
Essential equipment is backed up by the diesel generation system.The EOF is located at SNC Corporate Headquarters.
The following records or information are available:
* Technical Specifications.
* Selected plant operating procedures.
* Emergency Plans.* Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures.
* Final Safety Analysis Reports (FSARs).E2-54 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Plan* System piping and instrumentation diagrams and HVAC flow diagrams.
* Electrical one-line, elementary, and wiring diagrams.
The above records are updated as necessary to ensure currency and completeness.
Access to the EOF is controlled through the use of electronic card readers.SNC will maintain space for members of an NRC Site Team and federal, state and localresponders at a location near the site that includes space for conducting briefings withemergency response personnel and communications with other licensee and offsiteemergency responders.
Details on the near site location are in the site-specific Annexes.E2-55 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency Plan[] ,~-NRC_ U -__RASTATUSLakesidePatio-L.I--2EOF MainEntrance
-To AtriumFFDFacilityAL-GSCLoading hr,DockVideo --Conference
'RomEFLBreak &CopierRoom0ToDocumentServcesElevatorLobbyExitFigure H.2.A -Emergency Operations Facility Layout (Typical)
E2-56 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanH.2.2 Joint Information Center (JIG)The JIG, located at the Atlanta or Birmingham corporate headquarters building ofGeorgia Power Company or Alabama Power Company, as appropriate, is the officiallocation for coordination and issuance of news announcements and responses to newsmedia inquiries The JIG is the point of contact with the news media during a declared emergency.
The JIG facilities, which coordinate the dissemination of information to the mediawill be established to accommodate public information representatives from thelicensee and federal, state, and local response agencies.
News releases and mediabriefings are coordinated to the maximum extent possible.
Following activation of theJIC in Atlanta or Birmingham, the Public Information Director will evaluate thenature of the event. If it is determined that the event will be prolonged, is likely toescalate, or is likely to result in significant media attention, the Public Information Director will direct that JIG operations move to a forward near site location.
If thedecision is made to move the JIG function to the near site location the existingAtlanta or Birmingham location will maintain media coordination until the JIG isoperational at the near site location.
H.3 State and local Emergency Operations Centers (BOG)EOCs operated by the state and by local communities allow direction and control ofemergency response functions.
The states' EO~s are capable of continuous (24-hour) operations for a protracted period.The county EO~s serve as Command and Control headquarters for local emergency responseactivities as well as a center for the coordination of communications to field units and to thestate EO~s. Additional details for state and county EO~s are in the state and countyemergency plans.H.4 Emergency Response Facility Staffing and Activation SNG-operated nuclear power plants have plans and procedures to ensure timely activation ofits emergency response facilities.
The Shift Manager, as Emergency
: Director, will initiate acall-out in accordance with the implementing procedures.
The ERO augmentation processidentifies individuals who are capable of fulfilling the specific response functions listed inTables 2 through 5.Although the response time will vary due to factors such as weather and traffic conditions, agoal of 75 minutes for minimum staffing, following the declaration of an Alert or higheremergency classification, has been established for ERO personnel responding to plantemergency facilities including the TSG, OSG, EOF, and JIG.The facility can be declared activated when the following conditions are met:* Minimum staffing has been achieved.
* Personnel have been briefed on the situation and are ready to assume Command andControl functions.
E2-57 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanH.5 Onsite Monitoring SNC-operated nuclear power plants have installed monitoring instrumentation for seismicmonitoring, radiation monitoring, fire protection and meteorological monitoring, inaccordance with its Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) and plant Technical Specifications (TS), or commitments made to the NRC. Details of these systems differ from plant to plant,and are in the site specific Annexes.11.5.1 Geophysical Monitors*Meteorological Instrumentation:
A permanent meteorological monitoring stationis located near the plant for the acquisition and recording of wind speed, winddirection, and ambient and differential temperatures for use in making offsite doseprojections.
Meteorological information is displayed in the CR, TSC, and EOF.Additional information located in Section H.7.* Seismic Monitoring:
The seismic monitoring system measures and records theacceleration of the structure if activated by an earthquake of sufficient magnitude.
It also provides signals for immediate remote indication that specific presetresponse accelerations have been exceeded.
* Hydrological Monitors:
SNC-operated nuclear power plants have hydrological monitors as appropriate.
The design basis flood, probable maximumprecipitation, and other extremes in hydrologic natural phenomena are as detailedin the FSAR as appropriate.
11.5.2 Radiological Monitors and SamplingH1.5.2.1 Radiation Monitoring System (RMS)Radiation monitoring instruments are located at selected areas within theplant to detect, measure, and record radiation levels. The monitors arecomprised of area, airborne and air particulate monitors.
* Area monitors respond to gamma radiation.
* Airborne monitors detect and measure radioactive gaseous effluentconcentrations.
Emergency response procedures provide methods for determining relationships between monitor readings and releases, material available forrelease and extent of core damage.11.5.2.2 Liquid and Gaseous Sampling SystemsThe process sampling system consists of the normal sampling system andadditional sampling panels located throughout the plant. Pre-designated monitoring and sampling points are listed in site procedures.
Samplingsystems are installed or can be modified to permit reactor coolant andcontainment atmosphere sampling even under severe accident conditions.
The system can provide information on post-accident plant conditions toallow operator actions to mitigate and control the course of an accident.
Various chemical analyses and radiological measurements on these samplesE2-58 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency Plancan be performed, including the determination of radionuclide concentrations.
H.5.2.3 Laboratory FacilitySNC sites have a laboratory facility for analysis of radioactive samples.H.5.2.4 Portable Radiation Monitoring Equipment Portable radiation survey instruments are available for a wide variety ofuses such as area, sample, personnel
: surveys, and continued accidentassessment.
H.5.3 Process MonitorsThe Control Room and redundant backup locations are equipped with extensive plantprocess monitors for use in both normal and emergency conditions.
Theseindications include reactor coolant system pressure and temperatures, containment pressure and temperature, and various liquid levels, flow rates, status, or lineup ofequipment components.
H.5.3.1 Plant Monitoring/Information SystemA plant monitoring/information system provides the data acquisition anddatabase capability for performing plant monitoring and functions.
Thesystem is designed to scan, convert to engineering units, make sensor rangeand alarm limit checks, apply required transformations, store for recall andanalysis, and display the reading of transformed data from plantinstrumentation.
The system scans flows, pressures, temperatures, fluidlevels, radiation levels, equipment, and valve status at required frequencies.
H.5.3.2 Safety Parameter Display System (SPDS)The SPDS parameters are available during normal and abnormal operating conditions in the Control Room, TSC, and EOF.H.5.4 Fire Detection SystemThe Fire Detection System is designed to detect products of combustion or heat indesignated areas of the plant. The fire alarm communication systems and subsystems are located at strategic points throughout the plant to warn personnel of a fire or otheremergency conditions.
Additional description of the fire system is provided in theFSAR.H.5.5 Fire StationFirefighting equipment and supplies are available for damage control operations.
Theequipment is stored in various areas within the plant.H.6 Offsite Monitoring SNC-operated nuclear power plants have made provisions to access data from the following offsite sources of monitoring and analysis equipment:
E2-59 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanH.6. 1 Geophysical Monitors:
* In the event that the onsite meteorological tower or monitoring instrumentation becomes inoperative, meteorological data may be obtained directly from theNational Weather Service.* A central point of contact to obtain information about a seismic event is theNational Earthquake Information Center.11.6.2 Radiological Environmental
: Monitors, Sampling, and Monitoring Equipment SNC-operated nuclear power plants maintain a sufficient supply of portable offsiteradiological monitoring equipment.
These supplies are located at each staging pointfor Field Monitoring Teams.SNC-operated nuclear power plants have a Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP) consisting of locations with dose recording devices and airsampling equipment.
H.6.3 Laboratory Facilities External facilities for counting and analyzing
: samples, and for dosimetry processing, can be provided by other SNC-operated plants including the GPC Central Laboratory, state, federal, or contracted laboratories.
Outside analytical assistance may berequested from state and federal agencies, or through contracted vendors.
The DOE,through the Radiological Assistance Program (RAP) has access to any nationallaboratory.
11.7 Meteorological Equipment SNC-operated nuclear power plants have meteorological towers equipped withinstrumentation for continuous reading of wind speed, wind direction, air temperature anddifferential air temperature.
Meteorological tower details are in the site-specific Annexes.Additional capabilities are available to obtain representative current meteorological information from other sources, such as the National Weather Service.11.8 Emergency Equipment Inventories and ChecksEmergency facilities and equipment are inspected and inventoried using appropriate administrative or department procedures.
These procedures provide information on locationand availability of emergency equipment and supplies.
Sufficient reserves of instruments and equipment are maintained to replace those removedfrom emergency kits or lockers for calibration or repair.11.9 Emergency KitsEmergency kits are available at SNC-operated nuclear power plants. Designated site ordepartment procedures identify the equipment in the various emergency kits. Details as to kitlocations are found in the plant-specific procedures.
E2-60 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanH.lO Collection Point for Field SamplesSNC-operated nuclear power plants have designated a point as the location for receipt andanalysis of field monitoring team environmental samples.
Sampling and analysis equipment is available for quantitative activity determination of marine and air samples, and qualitative activity determination of terrestrial samples.E2-61 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION I: ACCIDENT ASSESSMENT 1.1 Systems and Parameters Monitored SNC-operated nuclear power plants have a comprehensive set of plant system and effluentmonitors, as required by the plants' Final Safety Analysis Report. Sites have identified values characteristic of off-normal values and accidents, and identified the plant parameter values that correspond to the example initiating conditions in the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) 99-01 and 07-01 Emergency Action Levels (EALs). These are described in Section Dof this plan, and detailed in the site-specific Annexes.Plant system and effluent parameter values are used to determine accident severity andsubsequent emergency classification.
Environmental and meteorological events are alsodetermining factors in emergency classification.
An emergency condition can be the result ofjust one parameter or condition change, or the combination of several.
The specificsymptoms, parameter values or events for emergency classification levels are detailed in theplant's site-specific Annex.To adequately assess the emergency condition, applicable emergency facilities have theequipment and instrumentation necessary to monitor essential plant information, exceptwhere local monitoring is required.
Evaluation of plant conditions is accomplished bymonitoring plant parameters from both the Control Room and within the plant.Some of the key plant parameters monitored in the Control Room are assembled into a singledisplay on the Safety Parameter Display System (SPDS). The SPDS monitors suchparameters as reactor coolant system pressure, reactor or pressurizer water level, containment
: pressure, suppression pool water level and temperature, reactor power, safety system status,containment radiation level, and effluent monitor readings.
The instrumentation andequipment capabilities available for emergency facilities are described in Section H. ForVogtle Unit 3 and Unit 4, the Safety Parameter Display System (SPDS) is integrated into theoverall human interface design so that the SPDS parameters are available to Operators onworkstation visual display units.Select plant parameters are available to state and local authorities on a secure networkdedicated to data distribution among the various offsite emergency response facilities.
1.2 Continuing and Post Accident Assessment The resources available to provide initial and continuing information for accident assessment throughout the course of an event include plant parameter display systems, liquid andgaseous sampling system, area and process radiation monitoring
: systems, and AccidentRadiation Monitoring Systems.
Descriptions of these systems are given in Section H.Details on performing post-accident sampling are in the plant-specific procedures.
1.3 Offsite Dose Assessment SNC-operated nuclear power plants use an offsite dose assessment program that estimates doses from radiological accidents for comparison with the EPA Protective Action Guidanceand acute health effect thresholds.
The dose calculation model is available in the ControlRoom, TSC, and EOF for use in projecting potential offsite doses.E2-62 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanThe program estimates reactor source term, atmospheric transport, and doses resulting fromradiological emergencies, and can be used to assist in making protective actiondeterminations The system supplements assessments based on plant conditions.
The model was developed to allow consideration of the dominant aspects of source term,transport, dose, and consequences.
Because the program is designed to be used during aradiological emergency, it is assumed that the amount of activity being released and themeteorological conditions will not be precisely known.1.4 Effluent Monitor Readings and Exposures The offsite dose assessment program addresses the relationship between effluent monitorreadings, onsite and offsite exposures, and contamination for various meteorological conditions.
1.5 Meteorological Monitoring SNC-operated nuclear power plants have a meteorological monitoring system sufficient toacquire and evaluate meteorological information for accident assessment.
This information can be accessed in the Control Room, TSC, and EOF, and is transmitted by the Emergency Response Data System (ERDS) for NRC and offsite authorities use.1.6 Unmonitored ReleaseDose projections can be made during a release through use of sample data in situations where effluent monitors are either off-scale, inoperative, or the release occurs by anunmonitored flow path. In the absence of effluent sample data, a computerized offsite doseprojection can be performed by specifying the accident category as a default.1.7 Environs Surveys and Monitoring In addition to the capabilities and resources described in Section H, SNC-operated nuclearpower plants have the ability to take offsite air samples and to directly measure gamma doserates from a radioactive material release.
The capability to take offsite soil, water, andvegetation samples is provided by a minimum of two (2) Field Monitoring Teams (FMTs).The environmental monitoring equipment includes portable survey, counting, and airsampling instrumentation, and other radiological monitoring equipment and supplies to beused by the FMTs. Samples are taken at predetermined locations as well as those locations specified during and after a release.
Environmental measurements are used as an aid indetermining and assessing protective actions for the general public and recovery actions forthe plant.Field Monitoring Teams are dispatched by SNC-operated plants to perform a variety offunctions in situations potentially involving significant releases of radioactive materials from a plant. Radiological survey and sample data is used to define affected areaboundaries, verify or modify dose projections and protective action recommendations, andassess the actual magnitude, extent, and significance of a liquid or gaseous radioactive material release.
Field monitoring data is analyzed by personnel in the TSC until relievedby the BOF staff.The initial environmental surveys involve measurements to confirm or modify the doseprojections based on plant parameters.
Subsequent environmental monitoring efforts willE2-63 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Planbe aimed at further defining the offsite consequences, including instituting an expandedmonitoring program to enable prompt assessments of any subsequent releases from theplant.1.8 Release Assessments SNC-operated nuclear power plants have instrumentation, procedures, and trained personnel with the expertise to make rapid assessments of the actual or potential magnitude andlocation of any radiological hazards through liquid or gaseous release pathways.
1.9 Environmental Radioiodine Monitoring Capabilities Field monitoring equipment has the capability to detect and measure airborne radio iodinein the presence of noble gases.E2-64 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION J: PROTECTIVE RESPONSEProtective response consists of emergency
: actions, taken during or after an emergency situation, which are intended to minimize or eliminate hazards to the health and safety of the public and plantpersonnel.
Protective actions have been developed for emergency workers and the general publiclocated in the Plume Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone. Guidelines consistent withfederal guidance have been established to aid in choosing protective actions during an emergency.
The responsibility for actions outside the owner-controlled area rests with state, county, and otheroffsite response agencies.
J.1I Alarm Responses The actuation of alarms associated with fire and radiation levels are available to alertpersonnel of hazardous conditions and protective actions.
Site communications methods mayalso be used as needed.The site-specific procedures describe the assembly areas for personnel on-site.For emergency classifications, personnel within the Protected Area are notified of theclassification or escalation of an emergency.
Provisions are made to alert personnel in high noise areas and outbuildings within theProtected Area and within the Owner Controlled Area.The primary protective measure for non-essential onsite personnel during a Site Area orGeneral Emergency is assembly in a designated area, followed by accounting of sitepersonnel and then determination of appropriate protective actions including SiteEvacuation.
The designated assembly areas are outside the Protected Area and inside theOwner Controlled Area.J.2 Radiological Monitoring of Evacuated Personnel Personnel evacuated from the site will be monitored for contamination, if needed by portalmonitors as they exit the Protected Area, or with portable friskers in Assembly Areas, or sentto offsite monitoring locations.
J.3 Non-essential Personnel Evacuation and Decontamination Requirements for radiological monitoring of personnel evacuated from the site for externalradiation exposure are contained in Section K. Section K addresses appropriate actions forany known or suspected overexposures or contamination.
Details on the decontamination ofnon-essential evacuees are in the Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures.
J.4 Onsite Protective ActionsOnsite protective actions for routine and emergency conditions are detailed in the plant'sRadiation Protection Program.
SNC-operated nuclear power plants maintain an inventory ofrespiratory protection equipment, anti-contamination
: clothing, and potassium iodide (KI) thatis available to emergency workers remaining on site. During an emergency, protective actions would be taken to minimize radiological exposures or contamination affecting onsitepersonnel.
E2-65 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanMeasures that would be taken are:*On-shift and emergency response personnel use respiratory protection in anyenvironment involving exposure to high level airborne activity or oxygen deficient atmosphere, or where air quality is in doubt. The criteria for issuance of respiratory protection are described in plant Radiation Protection procedures.
* Anti-contamination clothing is available for use by onsite personnel.
The criteria forissuance of protective clothing are described in plant Radiation Protection procedures.
* The criteria for administering a thyroid-blocking agent (KI -Potassium Iodide) toemergency personnel depends on the projected absorbed dose to the thyroid based onthe severity and magnitude of the accident.
SNC-operated niuclear power plants are responsible for maintaining a supply of KI at theirrespective site. The Emergency Director has the responsibility for approval of issuing KIto site emergency workers.Onsite protection of employees during hostile action involves a combination of restricted
: movement, movement to safe locations, and site evacuation depending on the nature of thehostile event and advance warning.
Site-specific procedures provide specific actions totake during hostile action or severe weather events. During a hostile action or severeweather event, Assembly and Accountability actions may be delayed in favor of otheronsite protective actions required to ensure the safety of the site and its personnel.
In thesecases, accountability will be completed once safe conditions have been established.
J.4. 1 AssemblyAssembly is mandatory following the declaration of a Site Area or GeneralEmergency, or at the discretion of the Emergency Director.
When Accountability ofonsite personnel is determined to be necessary by the Emergency
: Director, personnel within the Protected Area will be accounted for and the names of missing individuals determined within 30 minutes of the emergency declaration.
J.4.2 Accountability Personnel accountability is mandatory at the Site Area or General Emergency classification.
Accountability may be initiated at other times at the discretion of theEmergency Director to support worker safety.Accountability of personnel within the Protected Area is accomplished within 30minutes of the declaration of Site Area Emergency or higher, and maintained continuously thereafter, using Protected Area(s) boundary access control asdescribed in the Security Plan. If there are station personnel who are unaccounted for, the public address system or other suitable communication methods are used tolocate the personnel, or, in extreme cases such as fire, toxic gas release, explosions, or structural damage, trained search and rescue personnel are deployed to search forand assist the missing personnel.
J.4.3 Site Evacuation If a Site Evacuation is required, personnel are directed to either assemble withindesignated Assembly Areas or immediately leave the site. Personnel will be directedE2-66 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Planto either proceed to their homes or reassemble at designated locations.
Visitors to theplant will assemble with and follow the instructions of their escorts.
Personaltransportation will normally be used and established evacuation routes will befollowed.
Personnel without transportation will be identified and providedtransportation as necessary.
Evacuation of personnel is usually conducted immediately after accountability if aSite Area Emergency or General Emergency has been declared and no impediments exist. Evacuation shall commence as directed by the Emergency Director.
J.5 Offsite Protective Action Recommendations (PARs)Plant conditions, projected dose and dose rates, field monitoring data, and evacuation timeestimates are evaluated to develop PARs for preventing or minimizing exposure to thepublic. PARs are provided to the offsite agencies responsible for implementing protective actions for the public within the 10-mile EPZ. The Emergency Director will approve PARs.The PAR decision-making flowcharts are site-specific in nature, and are provided in the site-specific implementing procedures.
SNC-operated plants have the capability to provide stateand local agencies a PAR for beyond the 10-mile EPZ.There are various types of protective actions that can be recommended to the state andcounties.
They may include the following:
* Evacuation.
* Shelter in place.* Monitor and prepare.* Thyroid blocking agent (consider using KI (potassium iodide))
in accordance withstate plans and policy.J.6 Evacuation Time Estimates (ETE)An independent ETE report has been performed for SNC-operated nuclear power plants,which provides estimates of the time required to evacuate resident and transientpopulations surrounding the plant for various times of the year under favorable and adverse conditions.
ETEs for evacuation of the plume exposure EPZ surrounding SNC-operated nuclear powerplants are summarized in the site-specific Annex and detailed in the ETE report.J.7 Protective Action MapsSNC nuclear power plants have maps depicting local roads, primary evacuation travel routes,and the Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). Maps are also available which show thepopulation distribution within the plant EPZ, and are described in the site-specific Annexes.E2-67 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION K: RADIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE CONTROLK.1I Emergency Workers and Lifesaving Protective ActionsSNC-operated nuclear power plant management will make every reasonable effort tominimize radiation exposure to emergency personnel.
Plant management approval isrequired before emergency workers are allowed to exceed the maximum administrative radiation dose.Under normal operating conditions, SNC-operated plants maintain personnel exposurecontrol programs in accordance with 10 CFR 20. The Emergency Director has responsibility for authorizing personnel exposure levels under emergency conditions using the guidance inEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) 400-R-92-001, "Manual of Protective ActionGuides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents."
In emergency situations, workers mayreceive exposure under a variety of circumstances in order to assure safety and protection ofothers and of valuable property.
If emergency operations demand life-saving or rescue actions and external radiation fieldsare minimal, individuals may be allowed exposures to airborne contamination of 10,000Derived Air Concentration (DAC)-hours.
If external radiation fields are not minimal, thesum of the external and internal doses should be limited to 25 remn Total Effective DoseEquivalent (TEDE). Exposures above 2,000 DAC-hours should be received only with theapproval of the Emergency Director.
These exposures will be justified if the reduced risksand costs to others outweigh the risks to which the workers are subjected.
___________
Table K.1.A Emergency Worker Dose LimitsDose (TEDE) Applicability Conditions 5 remn All10 remn Protecting valuable property (or equipment)
Lower dose not practicable 25 rem Lifesaving or protection of large populations Lower dose not practicable
>25 remn Lifesaving or protection of large populations Only on a voluntary basis topersons fully aware of the risksinvolvedK.I1.1 Removal of Injured PersonsInjured persons will receive prompt first aid and decontamination, as practical, beforetransport by ambulance to a local hospital.
K.I1.1.1 Transportation ServicesAgreements have been made for ambulance services near the SNC-operated nuclear power plants. Training is offered to ambulance personnel, and theyparticipate in drills or exercises simulating the transportation of a contaminated, injured individual.
E2-68 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanK. 1.2 Decontamination and First AidK. 1.2.1 Onsite Responsive ActionSelected plant workers at SNC-operated plants have received first aid anddecontamination training.
Ifra plant employee cannot be easily decontaminated, theindividual is treated as contaminated and measures are taken to prevent the spreadof contamination during ambulance transportation and upon arrival at a localhospital.
K.1.3 Medical Treatment Agreements have been made with local hospitals near SNC-operated nuclear powerplants. Training is offered to medical staffs regarding the treatment of contaminated, injured individuals, and hospitals participate in periodic drills using simulated contaminated, injured individuals.
K.2 Emergency Exposure Authorization SNC-operated plants have a Radiation Protection Program.
The Emergency Director mayauthorize emergency workers to receive doses in excess of the administrative dose levels. Insome situations, it is possible that certain activities or duties for the protection of persons orthe substantial protection of property may result in doses in excess of 10 CFR 20.120 1 limits.Decisions to accept doses in excess of occupational limits will be on a volunteer basis andprospective volunteers shall be made aware of the risks.K.3 Exposure ControlsK.3.1 24-Hour Capabilities Plant Radiological Protection Groups have the equipment and personnel to provide24-hour capability to determine and control radiation exposures of emergency organization personnel.
Equipment to perform the following functions:
* Radiation detection devices.* Personnel monitoring.
* Record keeping equipment.
Contractor and vendor representatives may also be present to assist in exposurecontrol and augment the Radiation Protection Group capabilities.
In an emergency situation, onsite personnel, offsite support personnel and local government emergency response personnel may be issued monitoring devices.
Exposurerecords will be maintained for emergency response personnel who are issueddosimetry.
K.3 .2 Personnel Monitoring Equipment SNC-operated nuclear power plants have equipment for radiological monitoring ofpersonnel, ranging from hand-held survey equipment to installed or portable portalmonitors.
Details of plant monitoring equipment are included in the site-specific Annexes.E2-69 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanK.3.3 Radiation Work Permit Procedures Where possible, the normal radiation work permit procedure will be used to controlexposures.
Based on conditions and urgency Radiation Protection supervision mayapprove emergency radiological work permit controls.
K.40Offsite Emergency WorkersThe responsibility for authorizing offsite emergency workers to receive exposures in excessof the EPA General Public Protective Action Guides rests with the state.K.5 Decontamination The Radiation Protection Group will be responsible for controlling or minimizing direct orsubsequent internal exposure from radioactive materials deposited on the ground or othersurfaces, and for determining the extent of contamination in controlled and normallyuncontrolled areas. During normal conditions or an emergency, guidelines to follow forcontamination limits are established by the site radiation protection program.Facilities and supplies for decontaminating personnel are available at various plantlocations.
Personnel leaving the Radiological Controlled Area (RCA) or leaving acontaminated area will be monitored for contamination.
During emergencies, other onsitepersonnel will be checked for contamination as necessary.
Designated personnel, under the direction of the Radiation Protection Group, areresponsible for performing material decontamination.
Procedures and equipment formaterial decontamination are available at the plant, as specified in the site radiation protection program.*K.6 Contamination ControlsContaminated areas are isolated as restricted areas with appropriate radiological protection and access control.
Measures will be taken to control onsite access to potentially contaminated potable water and food supplies.
K.70Offsite Decontamination Nonessential on-site personnel may be evacuated to an offsite reception center or assemblyarea, as discussed in Section J. Radiological controls personnel at that location willmonitor evacuees and determine the need for decontamination.
In the event thatdecontamination of evacuees locally is not possible, personnel can be sent to designated locations for monitoring and decontamination.
E2-70 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION L: MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH SUPPORTL. 1 Hospital and Medical ServicesIn addition to the on-site first aid response, arrangements have been made with localhospitals for treatment and evaluation of serious injuries or sicknesses.
SNC-operated nuclear power plants have arranged for hospital and medical services havingthe capability to evaluate radiation exposure and uptake, including assurance that personsproviding these services are adequately prepared to handle contaminated individuals.
The hospitals are equipped and hospital personnel trained to address contaminated injuredindividuals.
Training of medical support personnel at the agreement hospitals includes basictraining on the nature of radiological emergencies, diagnosis and treatment, and follow-up medical care.Plant personnel are available to assist medical personnel with decontamination, radiation exposure and contamination control.
Arrangements, by letter of agreement or contract, aremaintained by SNC-operated plants with a qualified hospital located in the vicinity of thenuclear power plant for receiving and treating contaminated persons with injuries requiring immediate hospital care.L.2 First AidSNC-operated nuclear power plants maintain onsite first aid supplies and equipment necessary for the treatment of contaminated and/or injured persons.L.3 State Emergency Medical ServicesThe states of Alabama and Georgia have developed lists of facilities that can provide medicalsupport for treating
: injured, contaminated individuals.
Details are found in the respective state emergency plan.L.4 Medical Transport Contaminated and injured persons are transported to a facility specified for SNC-operated nuclear power plants. Arrangements have been made by nuclear power plants forambulance transport of persons with injuries involving radioactivity to designated hospitals.
Such services are available on a 24-hour-per-day basis and are confirmed byletters of agreement.
Radiation monitoring services are provided by SNC plant personnel whenever it becomes necessary to use an ambulance service for the transportation ofcontaminated persons.E2-71 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION M: RECOVERY AND REENTRY PLANNING AND POSTACCIDENT OPERATIONS M. 1 RecoveryGuidance for determining the transition from Emergency to Recovery Organization isprovided in the plant Emergency Plan Implementing Procedures.
The composition of theRecovery Organization will depend on the nature of the accident and the conditions following the accident.
The SNC Emergency Plan addresses general principles that serve as guides for developing aRecovery Plan.It is the responsibility of the Emergency Director (ED) to determine that the facility andsurroundings are safe for reentry.
The Emergency Director will designate a recoverymanager to constitute the recovery organization.
The following guidelines, as applicable to the specific situation, will be addressed prior toterminating the emergency:
* The affected reactor is in a stable condition and can be maintained in that condition indefinitely.
* Plant radiation levels are stable or are decreasing with time.* Releases of radioactive material to the environment have ceased or are beingcontrolled within permissible limits.* Fire or similar emergency conditions no longer constitute a hazard to safety-related systems or equipment or personnel.
* For a site area emergency or general emergency, discussions with plant management, applicable members of the SNC emergency organization, or offsite authorities do notresult in identification of any valid reason for not terminating the emergency.
Upon termination of the emergency phase and at the discretion of the Emergency
: Director, following consultation with offsite authorities, the SNC Emergency Organization will shiftto the Recovery Phase Organization.
The Recovery Manager will structure the recovery organization to accomplish thefollowing general objectives:
* Maintain comprehensive radiation surveillance of the site until levels return tonormal.* Control access to the affected area of the plant and exposures to workers.* Decontaminate affected areas and equipment.
* Conduct activities in radiation areas in accordance with the plant's standard radiation work practices.
* Isolate and repair damaged systems.* Document proceedings of the accident and review the effectiveness of the emergency response organization in mitigating plant damage and reducing radiation exposures tothe public.* Provide offsite authorities with plant status reports and information concerning theplant recovery organization.
E2-72 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency Pian* Provide assistance with recovery activities undertaken by state and county authorities, if requested.
* Provide public information on the status of recovery operations in releases to themedia.Other recovery operations will not be initiated until the area affected by the emergency hasbeen defined.
Particular attention will be directed toward isolating and tagging outcomponents and systems as required for controlling or minimizing hazards.
A systematic investigation will be conducted to determine the equipment damaged and the extent of thedamage.Investigation into the accident causes and consequences, both to the plant and to theenvironment, will be conducted.
Test programs to confirm fitness for return to service willbe developed and executed.
Recovery operations will be conducted in compliance with normal operational radiation exposure level limits as specified in 10 CFR 20. When possible, any necessary releases ofradioactive materials or effluent during recovery will be planned, controlled, evaluated inadvance for radiological impact, and appropriate offsite organizations and agencies informedof the scheduled releases and estimated impact.E2-73 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanM.2 Recovery Organization Figure M.2 Typical Long Term Recovery Organization Headquarters I1Public Recovery Aditatind Affairs Manager Logistics Engineering Operations Chemistry I Maintenance Radiation Protection M.2.1I Recovery ManagerThe nature and extent of the emergency situation will determine what recoveryoperations are required.
The Recovery Organization, shown above, will beestablished as directed by the Recovery Manager.M.2.2 Plant ActionsRecovery actions will be preplanned.
Specific actions will be developed in advanceand discussed with responsible and knowledgeable personnel.
Reasonable efforts will be made to limit radiation exposure of personnel involved inthe recovery to levels as low as reasonably achievable.
Exposures should not exceed10 CFR 20 limits. The Recovery Manager is responsible for evaluating theadvisability and timing of authorizing personnel to reenter affected area(s).The Recovery Manager is responsible for gathering available evidence oncontributory factors to the accident, and reviewing the recovery operations to ensurethat causal factors have been specifically identified.
The Recovery Manager willprovide a liaison for the NRC Accident Investigation Team, which will interview primary responders, review any documents generated during the accident, and inspector test damaged equipment prior to its repair.E2-74 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanM.3 Recovery Notification Members of the ERO will be informed when Recovery is initiated.
The recoveryorganization may be structured like the emergency response organization, with additional modifications depending on the nature of the accident, post-accident conditions, and otherfactors.The State EOC will be advised when the plant deems it safe to begin the reentry phase of theoffsite recovery operation.
If the Governor ordered an evacuation, the law requires thegovernor to officially rescind the order before any return can be made to evacuated areas.The states are responsible for coordinating reentry procedures for the offsite population.
M.4 Population Exposure Estimates It is anticipated that the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center(FRMAC) will make a total population exposure calculation, based on estimated dose ratesand population representing exposed areas.M.5 Termination of Recovery PhaseFollowing the completion of the Recovery Phase, the site will transition to an OutageOrganization to complete necessary repairs.E2-75 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION N: EXERCISES AND DRILLSN.1 Exercises SNC-operated nuclear power plants will conduct a biennial exercise and additional periodicdrills. An exercise is an event that tests integrated capability, and a major portion of the basicelements of emergency preparedness plans and organizations.
Drills and exercises shall:* Test the adequacy of timing and content of implementing procedures and methods.* Test emergency equipment and communications networks.
* Test the public notification system.* Ensure emergency organization personnel are familiar with their duties.SNC-operated nuclear power plants conduct an emergency response exercise to demonstrate the effectiveness of the SNC Standard Emergency Plan on a frequency determined by theNRC. Exercises may include mobilization of state and local personnel and resources, and areintended to verify' their capability to respond to an accident.
Joint exercises shall beconducted on a frequency described in NRC/FEMA guidance.
A formal critique shall be conducted following the drill or exercise to evaluate the ability oforganizations to respond as required in the SNC Standard Emergency Plan and site specificEmergency Plan Implementing Procedures.
Critique items will be entered into the SNCcorrective action program as appropriate.
Remedial exercises will be required if the emergency plan is not satisfactorily tested duringthe Biennial
: Exercise, and it is determined that reasonable assurance that adequate protective measures are not taken in the event of a radiological emergency or the ERO has notmaintained key skills specific to emergency response.
N.I.1 Biennial Exercises Federally prescribed Biennial Exercises are conducted at SNC-operated nuclearpower plants. Exercises involving offsite agency participation, required under 10CFR 50 Appendix E, are conducted at SNC-operated nuclear plants based on FederalEmergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidance and the respective state and localemergency response plans.N. 1.2 Participation SNC-operated nuclear power plants exercise with offsite authorities to allow state(s)and local governments within the plume exposure pathway EPZ to exercise theiremergency plans for operating nuclear power plants biennially, with full or partialparticipation.
Full and partial participation exercises are described as follows:*Full participation exercises will include, as appropriate, offsite local and stateauthorities and SNC personnel actively participating in testing the integrated capability to assess and respond to an accident at a nuclear power plant.Additionally, full participation exercises will include, as appropriate, testing themajor observable portions of the onsite and offsite emergency plans andE2-76 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency Planmobilization of state, local, and SNC personnel, and other resources insufficient numbers to verify the capability to respond to the accident scenario.
*Partial participation means offsite authorities shall take part in the exercisesufficient to test direction and control functions, including protective actiondecision-making and communication capabilities among affected state and localauthorities and SNC-operated plants. Where partial or full participation byoffsite agencies occurs, the sequence of events simulates an emergency thatresults in the release of radioactivity to the offsite environs, sufficient inmagnitude to warrant a response by offsite authorities.
At a minimum, state and local governments are expected to fully participate inaccordance with the requirements of 10CFRh0 Appendix B, section IV(F)(2)(c).
N. 1.3 Ingestion Exposure Pathway ExerciseStates within an ingestion exposure pathway EPZ are expected to exercise plans andpreparedness related to ingestion exposure pathway measures at least once every 8years. Opportunities are provided to any state or local government located within theplume exposure pathway EPZ to participate in annual drills and biennial exercises when requested by that state or local government.
N. 1.4 Exercise Planning CycleThe Exercise planning cycle will consist of eight (8) successive calendar years.N.2 DrillsA drill in this context is a supervised instruction period aimed at testing, developing, andmaintaining skills in a particular operation N.2.1 Off-Year DrillsSNC-operated nuclear power plants shall ensure adequate emergency responsecapabilities are maintained during the interval between biennial exercises byconducting drills, including at least one drill involving a combination of some of theprincipal functional areas of the licensee's onsite emergency response capabilities.
The principal functional areas of emergency response include:* Management and coordination of emergency response.
* Accident assessment.
* Event classification.
* Notification of offsite authorities.
* Assessment of the onsite and offsite impact of radiological releases.
* Protective action recommendation development.
* Protective action decision making.* Plant system repair and corrective actions.During these drills, activation of all of the licensee's emergency response facilities (TSC, OSC, and the EOF) would not be necessary.
The ERO would have theopportunity to consider accident management strategies, supervised instruction E2-77 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency Planwould be permitted, operating staff in participating facilities would have theopportunity to resolve problems (success paths) rather than have controllers intervene, and the drills may focus on the onsite exercise training objectives.
N.2.2 Hostile Action Based (HAB) DrillsHostile Action Based (HAB) drills involving an air, land or water based attackscenario will be conducted at sites on a frequency of at least once every eight (8)years.N.2.3 Fire DrillsFire drills will be conducted at nuclear plants in accordance with Plant Technical Specifications and Plant procedures.
N.2.4 Medical Emergency DrillsA medical emergency drill, involving a simulated contaminated individual, andcontaining provisions for participation by local support services organizations including ambulance
: response, are conducted annually at the nuclear" plants. Localsupport service organizations that support more than one plant shall only be requiredto participate once each calendar year.N.2.5 Environs DrillsPlant environs and radiological monitoring drills are conducted annually.
These drillsinclude collection and analysis of sample media and provisions for communications and record keeping.
These drills also evaluate the response to, and analysis of,simulated airborne and direct radiation measurements in the environment.
N.2.6 Radiation Protection DrillsRadiation Protection Drills involving a response to, and analysis of, simulated airborne and liquid samples and direct radiation measurements are conducted semi-annually.
At least annually, these drills shall include a demonstration of the samplingsystem capabilities, as applicable.
N.2.7 Accountability DrillsAccountability drills are conducted annually.
N.2.8 Alternative Facility DrillsAt least once per drill cycle, use of designated Alternative Facilities to stage OnsiteERO Responders to facilitate rapid activation following a hostile action.N.2.9 Rapid Escalation At least one per drill cycle, a scenario resulting in an initial classification of, or rapidescalation to, a Site Area or General Emergency, will be conducted.
N.2.10 Minimal/No Release DrillAt least once per drill cycle, a scenario resulting in no radiological
: release, or anunplanned minimal release resulting in a classification of a Site Area Emergency butnot requiring declaration of a General Emergency, shall be conducted.
E2-78 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanN.3 Scenarios When a major drill or exercise is required, the Emergency Preparedness (EP) group willcoordinate the preparation of a scenario.
The EP group will also coordinate efforts withappropriate
: federal, state and local emergency organizations and agencies, schedule a date toconduct the drill or exercise, and assign qualified controllers.
The Emergency Preparedness group retains critique results for review prior to future drills orexercise and for guidance in properly modifying the site-specific
: Annexes, Emergency PlanImplementing Procedures (EPIPs),
or other procedures as appropriate.
A scenario, prepared in advance, will govern the conduct of exercises and drills. Scenarios will include the following:
* Objectives of the drill or exercise; a measurable and observable objective must bespecified for each major problem and solution.
* Dates, time period, places, personnel, and participating organizations.
* Simulated events.* Time schedule of real and simulated initiating events.* Narrative summary describing the conduct of the exercise or drill, including simulated casualties, offsite fire department assistance, rescue of personnel, use ofprotective clothing and associated equipment, deployment of personnel andradiological teams, and public information activities.
During the exercise planning cycle described in Section N. 1.4, SNC sites vary the content ofexercise scenarios to provide ERO members the opportunity to demonstrate proficiency inkey skills necessary to respond to several specific scenario elements including:
* Hostile Action directed at the plant site.* No radiological
: release, or unplanned release that does not require public protective actions.* An initial classification of, or rapid escalation to, a Site Area Emergency or GeneralEmergency.
* Implementation of strategies, procedures, and guidance developed in 50.54(hh),
(i.e.,potential aircraft threat, explosion or large fire).* Integration of offsite resources with onsite response.
* A drill initiated between the hours of 6 p.m. and 4 a.m.* Drills using essentially 100 percent of Initiating Conditions in the 8-year cycleDrills and exercise scenarios will be varied from year to year to test major components of theplans and preparedness organizations.,
A record of exercises conducted during the 8-year exercise planning cycle that documents thecontents of scenarios used during that cycle shall be maintained in accordance with Drill andExercise procedure guidance.
SNC sites submit Biennial Exercise scenarios under 10 CFR 50.4 for NRC review 60 daysprior to the exercise.
E2-79 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNC Standard Emergency PlanN.4 Exercise Evaluation and CritiqueA critique shall be conducted at the conclusion of the exercise, to evaluate theorganization's ability to respond as called for in the SNC Standard Emergency Plan.Qualified personnel will observe and perform a critique of exercises and drills. Provisions will be made for federal, state, and local observers, as well as SNC personnel, to observeand critique required exercises.
Biennially, representatives from the NRC observe and evaluate the licensee's ability toconduct an adequate self-critical critique.
For partial and full offsite participation exercises, the NRC and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), will observe,evaluate, and critique.
Drill and exercise performance objectives will be evaluated against measurable demonstration criteria.
As soon as possible following the conclusion of the drill orexercise, a critique is conducted to evaluate the ability of the Emergency ResponseOrganization (ERO) to implement the emergency plan and procedures, and a formalevaluation will result from the critique.
A written critique report is prepared by the Emergency Preparedness group following adrill or exercise involving the evaluation of designated objectives or following the finalsimulator set with ERO participation.
The report will evaluate the ability of the ERO torespond to a simulated emergency situation.
The report will also contain corrective actionsand recommendations.
N.5 Exercise/Drill Corrective ActionsThe critique and evaluation process is used to identify areas of the Emergency Preparedness Program that require improvement.
The Emergency Preparedness group is responsible forevaluating recommendations and comments, determining which items will be incorporated into the program or require corrective
: actions, and for scheduling,
: tracking, and evaluating item resolution.
Whenever exercises or drills indicate deficiencies in the SNC StandardEmergency Plan, site-specific
: Annexes, corresponding implementing procedures, or traininglesson plans, such documents will be revised as necessary.
The results of exercise critiques, particularly comments on identified areas that requireimprovement or reevaluation, will be submitted to the Emergency Preparedness Supervisor or designee, for review. The Emergency Preparedness Supervisor or designee will consultwith responsible department heads and assign corrective action activities, as appropriate.
E2-80 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION 0: RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE TRAINING0.1 TrainingTo achieve and maintain an acceptable level of emergency preparedness, training will beconducted for members of the Emergency Response Organization (ERG) and those offsiteorganizations that may be called on to provide assistance in the event of an emergency.
The ERG Training Program ensures the training, qualification, and requalification ofindividuals who may be called on for assistance during an emergency.
Specific emergency response task training, prepared for response positions, is described in lesson plans and studyguides. The lesson plans, study guides, and written tests are contained in the ERG TrainingProgram.
Responsibilities for implementing the training program are contained in plantprocedures.
Offsite training is provided to support organizations that may be called on toprovide assistance in the event of an emergency.
Personnel from nuclear power plants annually offer to train those non-SNC organizations referenced in the Plant Annexes that may provide specialized services during a nuclear plantemergency.
The training offered will acquaint the participants with the special problemspotentially encountered during a nuclear plant emergency, notification procedures, and theirexpected roles. Organizations that must enter the site shall also receive site-specific emergency response training and be instructed as to the identity of those persons in the onsiteorganization who will control their support activities.
Training of state and local offsite emergency response organizations is described in theirrespective radiological emergency plans, with support provided by SNC if requested.
0.1.1 Training of Local Services GroupsA training opportunity will be offered annually for offsite organizations andagencies as specified in respective agreements and understandings.
In addition, those offsite organizations and agencies that may provide onsite emergency assistance will be encouraged to become familiar with the general layout of SNCplants, and will be invited to attend applicable Emergency Plan training andorientation courses.Annually, training will be offered for hospital personnel, ambulance and rescuepersonnel, police, and fire departments.
The training shall include the procedures for notification, basic radiation protection, and their organizations' expected role.0.2 Performance Demonstration In addition to general and specialized classroom
: training, members of the SNC ERG receiveperiodic performance-based emergency response training.
Performanc'e-based training isgenerally provided by participation in a performance drill or exercise.
A drill is a supervised instruction period aimed at testing, developing, and maintaining skillsin a particular operation.
Drills described in Section N of this plan are a part of training.
These drills allow individuals to demonstrate the ability to perform their assigned emergency functions.
During drills, on-the-spot correction of erroneous performance may be made and ademonstration of the proper performance offered by the Controller.
E2-81 Enclosure 2 to NL-1 5-1 392SNO Standard Emergency Plan0.3 First Aid TrainingIndividuals assigned as First Aid responders shall maintain qualifications for first aid andCardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) training.
0.4 ERG TrainingSNC ERG personnel who are responsible for implementing this plan receive specialized training.
The training program for emergency response personnel is developed based on therequirements of 1 0 CFR 50, Appendix E, and position-specific responsibilities.
Requalification training for onsite ERG members consists of an annual review of theEmergency Plan in the form of a general overview.
In addition to SNC Emergency Planoverview
: training, personnel assigned to onsite emergency response positions will receivetraining specific to their position.
0.4.1 Emergency Response Organization (ERG)ERG members will receive Emergency Plan training on an annual basis. Personnel identified receive training appropriate to their position in the areas of:* Accident assessment.
* Accident mitigation.
* Notifications.
* Emergency Classifications.
* Protective Action Recommendations.
* Emergency Action Levels.* Emergency Exposure Control.0.4.2 Active Senior Licensed Control Room Personnel Active Senior Licensed Control Room Personnel shall have training to maintainproficiency on the topics listed below. These subjects shall be covered, as aminimum, on an annual basis:* Event Classification.
* Protective Action Recommendations.
* Radioactive Release Rate Determination.
* Offsite dose assessment.
* Notification form completion and communication.
* Federal, state, and local notification procedures as appropriate.
* Activating the onsite and offsite ERG.0.4.3 Radiological Field Monitoring TeamsRadiological Field Monitoring Team personnel will receive classroom and hands-ontraining for the actions they will be expected to perform during an emergency.
Thefollowing general topics will be included in the training:
* Equipment and Equipment Checks.E2-82 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1 392SNC Standard Emergency Plan* Communications.
* Plume Tracking Techniques.
* Personnel monitoring.
* Emergency exposure criteria.
* Locations and use of radiological emergency equipment.
0.4.4 Fire Brigade TrainingIndividuals assigned to Fire Brigade shall maintain fire brigade qualifications.
0.4.5 Operations, Maintenance, Chemistry and Radiation Protection TrainingOperations, Maintenance, Chemistry and Radiation Protection personnel who wouldbe assigned to Repair and Damage Control Teams are trained as part of their normaljob-specific duties to respond to both normal and abnormal plant operations.
0.4.6 Medical SupportOn-site medical personnel receive specialized training in the handling ofcontaminated victims and hospital interface.
Offsite ambulance and hospitalpersonnel are offered annual training as outlined in Section 0. 1.1.0.4.7 News Media TrainingLocal news media personnel will be offered an annual training opportunity asdescribed in Section G.0.4.8 General Employee Training (GET)GET will include general training in emergency preparedness for plant and other sitepersonnel.
GET will include classification, individual
: response, signals,accountability, and site evacuation procedures.
0.5 Emergency Preparedness Staff TrainingTraining for the Emergency Preparedness Staff at an SNC-operated plant consists of initialand continuing training process.
Details can be found in site specific procedures andprocesses.
E2-83 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanSECTION P: RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE PREPAREDNESS EFFORTThe President/Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Southern Nuclear Operating Company(SNC) has direct responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the SNC Plants. Thepresident/CEO is also responsible for all technical and administrative support activities provided by SNC. The president/CEO directs the chief nuclear officer/executive vicepresident, Executive Vice President-Operational Readiness and Integration, and the vicepresident of regulatory affairs in fulfillment of their responsibilities.
Responsibility for the performance of Emergency Preparedness functions is assigned tovarious members of the SNC organization and coordinated as follows.P.1 Fleet Emergency Preparedness The Vice President
-Regulatory Affairs is responsible for the overall coordination of thecorporate emergency preparedness programs and Emergency Plans. Their direct report, theFleet Emergency Preparedness
: Director, has governance and oversight responsibility forthe SNC Fleet Emergency Preparedness functional area.The Fleet Emergency Preparedness Director is responsible for the oversight of Emergency Preparedness activities and coordinating those activities with Licensee,
: federal, state, andlocal response organizations.
The Fleet Emergency Preparedness organization in the SNCCorporate office provides oversight and support for site and corporate functions.
Reporting to the Fleet Emergency Preparedness Director are the EP Programs Manager and the EPPlanning Manager.
EP Programs Manager responsibilities include Regulations,
: Projects, Procedures and Performance Improvement.
EP Planning Manager responsibilities includeoffsite interface, Drill and Exercise Coordination and Training.
Strategic direction for the emergency preparedness program and maintenance of the SNCEmergency Plan(s) is provided by the SNC Fleet Emergency Preparedness Director.
Emergency Preparedness Coordinator(s) coordinate functional elements of the emergency preparedness program for the SNC fleet under the direction of the Fleet Emergency Preparedness Director.
Emergency Plan changes are reviewed to determine if the effectiveness of the specificplans have been reduced, in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR 50.54q. Changesthat are judged to reduce the effectiveness of the Plan will be submitted to the NRC forapproval prior to implementation.
P.2 Site Emergency Preparedness The Vice President-(Site) is responsible for the site Emergency Preparedness aspects of theprogram at each site. The Emergency Preparedness Supervisor is responsible forcoordinating onsite emergency preparedness activities and supports offsite emergency preparedness activities in the plant vicinity.
The Emergency Preparedness Supervisor reports through the Regulatory Affairs Manager to the Vice President-(Site) for PlantsHatch and Farley. During project construction for Vogtle 3 and 4, the Vogtle 1-2Emergency Preparedness Supervisor reports to the Site Integration Director.
The Vogtle 3-4 Emergency Preparedness Supervisor reports to the Emergency Preparedness/Security Project Manager, who reports to the Site Integration Director.
The Site Integration Directorreports to the Executive Vice President
-Operational Readiness and Integration.
TheE2-84 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanEmergency Preparedness Supervisor is responsible for the implementation of emergency planning strategies provided by the Fleet Emergency Preparedness Director.
P.3 Coordination The Fleet Emergency Preparedness Director coordinates site input and involvement inemergency planning programs with the Emergency Preparedness Supervisor.
TheEmergency Preparedness Supervisor is responsible for the implementation of theEmergency Plan and program maintenance activities.
Figure P. 1 shows the EPorganization.
EPIPs and administrative procedures for the Emergency Preparedness function aremaintained by the Fleet Emergency Preparedness Director with a designated EP staffmember as the principal contact.Approved changes to the Emergency Plan are forwarded to key organizations andappropriate individuals who are responsible for implementing the Plan. The Emergency Plan, agreements, and the EPIPs are reviewed once per calendar year and updated asneeded. These updates take into account changes identified by drills and exercises, and theindependent review described below.An independent review of the EP program is conducted, as required by 10 CFR 50.54(t).
The review includes the Emergency Plan, implementing procedures and practices, trainiing, readiness
: testing, equipment, and interfaces with offsite agencies.
The results of thereview, along with recommendations for improvements, are documented and reported toplant management and to appropriate offsite agencies.
Management controls areimplemented for evaluation and correction of the review findings.
Records of these auditsand recommendations are maintained for at least 5 years.In addition to this Plan, several other formal emergency plans have been developed tosupport the overall emergency response effort. Once per calendar year, the designated Emergency Planning staff performs a review of the emergency plans for Southern Nuclear.This review includes a comparison for consistency of emergency plans for a specific siteincluding the Security Plan, and state and county plans as appropriate.
E2-85 Enclosure 2 to NL-15-1392 SNC Standard Emergency PlanFigure P.1 -Typical Emergency Preparedness Organization E2-86}}

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