|
|
| Line 2: |
Line 2: |
| | number = ML18227E209 | | | number = ML18227E209 |
| | issue date = 01/01/1978 | | | issue date = 01/01/1978 |
| | title = Submit Ecological Monitoring of Selected Parameters at the Turkey Point Plant, Annual Report, 1977. | | | title = Submit Ecological Monitoring of Selected Parameters at the Turkey Point Plant, Annual Report, 1977 |
| | author name = | | | author name = |
| | author affiliation = Applied Biology, Inc | | | author affiliation = Applied Biology, Inc |
| Line 15: |
Line 15: |
|
| |
|
| =Text= | | =Text= |
| {{#Wiki_filter:I ~)L | | {{#Wiki_filter:}} |
| +!~ AB-100 Flljth-c'hRREC 0~lsd roe g.'
| |
| ECOLOC ICAL MONITORING l'F SELECTED PARAMETERS AT THE TURKEY POINT PLANT ANNUALREPORT 1977 AN UARY 1978 zSP-(~g014 cnn<ral j~ g gscaS~ Oyb QV A ggt,m,g $ 0.%
| |
| >80g0o grGQQ, fG.t) O ~~
| |
| pa 0 AP.PLIED BIOLOGY, INC, Ecological Consultants 8--
| |
| 5891 NEW PEACHTREE ROAD ATLANTA,GEORGIA 30340
| |
| | |
| NOTICE SING THE ATTACHED FILES ARE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE DIVISION OF DOCUMENT CONTROL. THEY HAVE BEEN CHARGED TO YOU FOR A LIMITED TIME PERIOD AND MUST BE RETURNED TO THE RECORDS FACILITY BRANCH 016. PLEASE DO NOT SEND DOCUMENTS CHARGED OUT THROUGH THE MAIL. REMOVAL OF ANY PAGE(S) FROM DOCUMENT FOR REPRODUCTION MUST BE REFERRED TO FILE PERSONNEL.
| |
| DEADLINE RETURN DATE
| |
| ~ ~gg%g W'll IQ r [1 I
| |
| HllSfolN MNA Hf.IMPS RECORDS FACILITYBRANCH
| |
| | |
| AB-100 ECOLOGICAL MONITOR IN G OF SELECTED PARAMETERS AT THE TURKEY POINT PLANT ANNUAL REPORT JANUARY DECEMBER 1977 Prepared" for FLORIDA POWER 6 LIGHT COMPANY MIAMI, FLORIDA
| |
| 'y APPLIED BIOLOGY, INC.
| |
| ATLANTA, GEORGIA January 1978
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| t r
| |
| ~
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| CONTENTS+
| |
| III. ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA A. CHEMICAL (FPL)
| |
| B. THERMAL (FPL)
| |
| C. FISH AND SHELLFISH ..... ~ ~ C-1 Introduction ....'.-...... ~ ~ C-1 Materials and Methods .. C-1 Results and Discussion ~ ~ ~ C-3 Comparative Studies ... C-6 Summary ,. ~ ~ C-7 Literature Cited ....... ~ ~ C-9 F)gures 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C-10 Tables ... C-13 D. BENTHOS D. 1 -1
| |
| : 1. MACROINVERTEBRATES .... D. 1 -1 Introduction ... 0.1-1 Materials and Methods . 0.1-2 Results and Discussion D~ 1-5 Conclusions ........... D. 1 -9 Literature Cited ....;. D.1-11 Figures . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D.1-13 Tables ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D.1-18
| |
| : 2. MICROBIOLOGY ......... ~ D.2-1 Introduction . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D.2-1 Materials and Methods . D.2-2 Results and Discussion ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D.2-6
| |
| ~ ~ ~
| |
| Conclusions ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D.2<<12 Literature Cited ...... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D.2-15 F figures ............... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0.2-17 Tables .. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D.2-19 E. TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT ~ ~ E-1 Introduction .......... ~ ~ E-1
| |
| ~
| |
| Materials and Methods . E-2 Results and Discussion ~ ~ E-4 Literature Cited ...... ~ ~ E-10 F figures ............... ~ ~ E-11 Tables ........ ...., ~ ~ . ~ E-13 This report will be incorporated into a larger report to be sub-mitted to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission by Florida Power 8 Light. This outline is therefore incomplete, comprising only the sections for which Applied Biology, Inc., is responsible.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| C. FISH AND SHELLFISH INTRODUCTION The Turkey Point cooling canal system was closed off in Febru-ary 1973, effectively isolating populations of fish and shellfish within the canals from Biscayne Bay and adjacent offshore habitats.
| |
| Sampling of the fish and shellfish populations was initiated in December 1974. The purpose of the sampling was to determine which species were present and their relative abundance and size.
| |
| Within the confines of the canal system, reproduction would be limited to species which spawn inshore and lack any prolonged plank-tonic larval stages. Species which demonstrated a variety of life history stages could be considered to be reproductive and established in the canals.
| |
| These continuing studies are documenting the changes that are occurring in the fish and shellfish fauna in the canal system. To place changes in perspective, this fauna is compared to that of inshore Biscayne Bay.
| |
| MATERIALS AND METHODS Fishes were collected monthly from January through December 1977, the period covered by this report, at the ten stations which were surveyed in 1974 and 1975 (Florida Power 8 Light Co., 1976).
| |
| Stations 1 and 8 were relatively deep (6 m) water localities near C-1
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| the plant intake and discharge, respectively (Figure III.C-l). Sta-tions 2 and 4 were situated between deep (6 m) and shallow (1 m) water areas. Stations 3, 5, 6, and 7 averaged less than 1 m in water depth.
| |
| Canal width at Stations 1 through 8 was approximately 30 m. Stations 9 and 10 were in a backwater area and a small pond, respectively, off the canal system proper. Water depth at these two stations was less than 0.6 m.
| |
| Collections were made by gill net and minnow trap. Each mono-filament net was 30.5 m in length by 1.8 m in depth and consisted of three 10-m panels of 51-, 76-, and 102-mm stretch mesh sewn end to end. The minnow traps were of the funnel type and measured 406 mm long by 229 mm in diameter. These traps were constructed of 6.4-mm square galvanized mesh.
| |
| The sampling method at each station was determined primarily by the water depth at the sampling site. Gill nets were fi'shed at .
| |
| Stations 1, 2, 4, and 8, minnow traps at Stations 2 through 10.
| |
| Preliminary sampling at Station 1 had shown an absence of the small fishes which could be collected by minnow traps. One gill net and/or two minnow traps were fished for one 24-hr period per station per month.
| |
| All specimens collected were identified to species, counted, measured to the nearest millimeter, and weighed to the nearest gram.
| |
| Fishes were measured from the tip of the snout to the base of the C-2
| |
| | |
| Ii I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| tail (standard length, SL). Crabs were measured across the shell (carapace width, CW), lobster and shrimp along the carapace and tail. Fish nomenclature was in accordance with Bailey et al. (1970).
| |
| RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Three species of shellfishes and 29 species of fishes were collected during this 12-month sampling period (Table III.C-l).
| |
| Collections by month and station number are presented in Tables III.C-2 through III.C-13. The number of individuals of each species collected, range of standard lengths, total weight, and the range of water temperatures recorded at each station during sampling are included. The number of individuals and length. ranges presented in Tables III.C-2 through III.C-13 are summarized in Table III.C-14, which also summarizes results from the 1975 and 1976 studies.
| |
| The ki llifish family (Cyprinodontidae) comprised 85.44 of the 6596 total fishes collected during the normal sampling regime.
| |
| The goldspotted killifish (maori dichthys cazpio) and sheepshead minnow (cyprinodon variegatus) were the predominant species collected with 3392 and 2207 individuals, respectively. The 1 ivebearer family (Poeciliidae) made up 11.64 of the total number of fishes collected.
| |
| The sailfin molly (soecilia latipinna) accounted for 762 of the 765 Additional studies were conducted on 27-29 April 1977 (Table.
| |
| III.C-GB). These data are excluded to maintain consistency in sampling methodology and monthly data comparisons.
| |
| C-3
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| livebearers. R Fishes other than killifishes and livebearers comprised only 3.0A of the total number of fishes collected.
| |
| The goldspotted killifish, sheepshead minnow,'nd sailfin molly were the only species collected in large enough numbers for meaningful comparison.,The goldspotted killifish was the only one of these three species collected on the eastern edge of the canal system (Stations 2, 3 and 4; Figure III.C-2). The sheepshead minnow was the domi'nant species at Station 5, and the goldspotted killifish was dominant at Stations 6 and 7 on the western side of the canal system. Compara-tively few sailfin molly were found at Stations 5 through 7.
| |
| Total numbers of goldspotted killifish and sheepshead minnow were similar at the discharge (Station 8; Figure III.C-2). The majority of the sheepshead minnow were collected during the first half of the year, the majority of the goldspotted ki llifish during the second half. Only two sailfin molly were found at Station 8.
| |
| Sheepshead minnow were the most abundant of these three species at Stations 9 and 10 combined, the backwater area and small pond, respectively', off the canal system proper. Station 10 was the only location at which the sailfin molly was abundant.
| |
| Habitat differences, physiological tolerances and/or competitive abilities have been previously discussed (Applied Biology, Inc., 1977) to account for differences in species dominance at these stations.
| |
| C-4
| |
| | |
| I L
| |
| I' I'
| |
| I ,'i I
| |
| | |
| Since both juveniles and adults were captured, it may'e assumed that reproducing populations of goldspotted killifish, sheepshead minnow, and sailfin molly are established within the canal system.
| |
| Other killifishes collected were the marsh killifish (12 individuals), Gulf killifish (13), and rainwater killifish (7).
| |
| These species are apparently maintaining reproducing populations at Stations 9 and 10. Visual observations indicate that the pike killi-fish (aeionesox Mlizanus) is established in the vicinity of Stations 9 and 10. This is an exotic (introduced) species which has been established in south Dade County since 1957 (Courtenay et al., 1974).
| |
| The crested goby also appears to be established in the canal system. Fifty-three individuals, including juveniles, were collected during this sampling period (Table III.C-14). Numerous redfin needle-fish were observed during this 12 month sampling period and are con-sidered established in the canal system, based on the presence of both adults and juveniles.
| |
| Gulf toadfish, tidewater silverside, silver jenny and pinfish were found more commonly than in the previous year, although still in low numbers (Table III.C-14). Juveniles as well as adults were found for these species, but the low levels of abundance would indicate only a marginal possibility of prolonged presence in the system.
| |
| C-5
| |
| | |
| I s
| |
| l
| |
| | |
| The remainder of the fishes collected were represented by adult individuals only. These include the ladyfish, bonefish, sea catfish, hardhead sil verside, snook, crevalle jack, snappers, mojarras (with the exception of silver jenny), grunts, fat sleeper, and barracuda (Table III.C-14). The shellfishes were also represented by adult individuals only.
| |
| The number of fishes collected per gill net per 24-hr sample period (catch per unit effort) has steadily decreased over the 37 months sampled to date (Figure III.C-3). Concomitant with the decrease in the larger fishes, and corresponding predatory pressure, has been an increase in the small forage species as represented by the killifishes. Fishes and shellfishes represented only by adult forms which mature and die may be expected to disappear from the canal system unless recruitment occurs from outside. Yearly popula-tions of forage species are expected to stabilize in the system, although at what abundance level is still unknown. Seasonal varia-tions will continue to be great within each year.
| |
| COMPARAT IVE STUDIES Voss et al. (1969) list almost 500 species of fishes which potentially occur in Biscayne National Monument. However, only 80 species of fishes were collected by trawling in south Biscayne Bay and Card Sound during the baseline survey for the Turkey Point Plant (Bader and Roessler, 1971). Additional work was conducted by Nugent C-6
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| l
| |
| | |
| (1970) in the immediate vicinity of the plant. This work was done primarily, with gill nets and traps in tidal creeks, and resulted in the collection of 51 species of fishes. Pinfish, mojarras, snappers, and mullet were- the fishes most commonly found. Blue crabs and shrimp were the common shellfishes. Applied Biology has collected or observed approximately 40 species of fishes since studies were initiated after the closing of the canal system to Biscayne Bay.
| |
| The p'revious studies conducted in the vicinity of Turkey Point indicate that the species of fishes and shellfishes which became en-trapped within the canal system were primarily the common, and often abundant, species found outside the canal system in the bay. However, with the natural attrition of the predatory species within the canal system, the killifishes and livebearers have reached levels of abun-dance probably not found outside the system. Continuing studies are documenting changes which are occurring in the fish and shellfish fauna within the canal system.
| |
| | |
| ==SUMMARY==
| |
| | |
| The Turkey Point cooling canals are a closed system containing a decreasingly diverse assemblage of fishes and shellfishes. Repro-ducing populations, as evidenced by the occurrence of both juveniles and adults, are confined primarily to the ki llifish and livebearer families of fishes. The goldspotted killifish and the sheepshead C-7
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| minnow are the dominant fishes, based on the number of individuals collected. The majority of fish and shellfish species may be expected to disappear from the canal system as natural attrition, occurs.
| |
| C-8
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| LITERATURE CITED Applied Biology, Inc. 1977. Ecological monitoring of selected parameters at the Turkey Point Plant. Annual Report 1976.
| |
| Florida Power 8 Light Co., Miami, FL.
| |
| Bader, R.B., and M.A. Roessler, principal investigators. 1971. An ecological study of south Biscayne Bay and Card Sound. Pnog.
| |
| Rept. to U.S. AEC [AT (40-1) - 3801-3] and Fla. Power 5 Light Co. Rosenstiel School of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, FL.
| |
| Bailey, R.M., J.E. Fitch, E.S. Herald, E.A. Lachner, C.C. Lindsey, C.R. Robins and W.B. Scott. 1970. A list of'ommon and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada, 3rd ed. Amer. Fish. Soc., Spec. Publ. 6. 150 pp.
| |
| Courtenay, W.R., Jr., H.F. Sahlman, W.W. Miley II, and D.J. Herrema.
| |
| 1974. Exotic fishes in fresh and brackish waters of Florida.
| |
| Biol. Conservation 6(4):292-302.
| |
| Florida Power 5 Light Co. 1976. Turkey Point Units 3 and 4: semi-annual environm ntal monitoring report no. 6, July 1 to December 31, 1975. 'Miami, FL. 248 pp.
| |
| Nugent, R.S., Jr. 1970. The effects of thermal effluent on some of the macrofauna of a subtropical estuary. Sea Grant Tech.
| |
| Bull. No. 1, Univ. of Miami, FL. 198 pp..
| |
| I Voss, G.L., F.M. Bayer, C.R. Robins, M. Gomon, and E.T. LaRoe. 1969.
| |
| The marine ecology of the Biscayne National Monument. Rept.
| |
| to.the National Park Service, Dept. of the Interior. Inst.
| |
| Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, FL. 128 pp.'-9
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| 7(W6.2) 6(W18.2) 5(WF.2)
| |
| I~
| |
| y j~
| |
| /+ sos
| |
| ~
| |
| /'0 1(RC.O) 3(E3.2) 2(RC.2) 4(RF.3)
| |
| FLORIDA POWER 4 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANT FISH AND SHELLFISH SAMPLING STATIONS (FPL Station Numbers)
| |
| ItPLCO ~ lOLOOY, lNC.
| |
| F$ use III.C-l
| |
| | |
| II I ~
| |
| I I I ~
| |
| I II I
| |
| I I I I I I
| |
| I I
| |
| Stations 8. 3. and 4 (ncaa) I I
| |
| I ~
| |
| I I
| |
| I 180 I I I I I
| |
| I I ~
| |
| I I I I I I I I I I I I I
| |
| / I I
| |
| ;;'.I
| |
| ~
| |
| I I I
| |
| I I /') I l
| |
| // /
| |
| I I'; I I
| |
| I I I Station S
| |
| /
| |
| ~
| |
| ~
| |
| c SnldsOOtted t'llllffsb
| |
| ~ sfncesnead ~ I nnow
| |
| --"n sallfin nolly Station 8 ij r N J F M A M J J- A S 0 N D J F M A M J J ~ A S 0 N 0 Stations 6 and 1 (nean) stations 9 and )0 (bean)
| |
| Figure III.C-2. Number of goldspotted killifish, sheepshead minnow, and sailfin molly collected at Stations 2 through 10, Turkey Point cooling canals, 1977.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| 4J CC g 12 30 I OC Lal O
| |
| I 1
| |
| K UJ I I I
| |
| 10 2 I 20 50 I
| |
| I I
| |
| + -~ Fish/net/day 0
| |
| +". ~ ~ ~ < Fish/trap/day 30 C7 I
| |
| Id 4 20 f 0
| |
| I Vl Vl U
| |
| V 1
| |
| 1 10
| |
| //
| |
| D J F M A M J J A S 0 N D J F M A M J J A S 0 N D J F M A M J J A S 0 N D 1974 1975 1976 1977 Figure III.C-3. Fish per gill net per day, fish per minnow trap per day, and mean maximum temperature recorded at Stations 1 through 8, Turkey Point cooling canals, December 1974-December 1977.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-1 SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES OF SHELLFISHES AND FISHES COLLECTED WITHIN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL SYSTEM 1977 Penaeus SP. edible shrimp Panulirus argus spiny lobster Calli nectes sapi dus blue crab Elops saurus ladyfish Albula vulpes bonefish Strongylura marina Atlantic needlefish Arius felis sea catfish Opsanus beta Gulf toadfish Cypri nodon'ari egatus sheepshead minnow Flori dichthys carpi o goldspotted ki llifish l
| |
| Fundul us conf uentus marsh killifish Fundulus grandis .
| |
| Gulf killifish Lucania parva rainwater killifish Belonesox beli zanus pike killifish li Poeci a latipi nna fin molly 'ail Atherinomorus sti pes hardhead-s i 1 vers i de beni dia beryllina tidewater silverside Centropomus undeci mali s snook Caranx hippos crevalle jack Lutj anus apodus schoolmaster Lutj anus griseus gray snapper Diapterus plumieri striped mojarra Euci nostomus argenteus spotfin mojarra Eucinostomus gula silver jenny Gerres ci nereus yellowfin mojarra Haemulon parrai sailors choice Haemulon sci urus bluestriped grunt Archosargus probatocephalus sheepshead Lagodon rhomboi des pinfish Sphyraena barracuda great barracuda Dormitator maculatus fat sleeper Lophogobi us cyprinoi des crested goby Observational record only.
| |
| C-13
| |
| | |
| I Ii I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-2 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 20-21 JANUARY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C nothing coll ected 16. 0-17. 0 shrimp 124 22 14.0-16.0 yellowfin mojarra 161-213 862 gray snapper 264 544 goldspotted ki llifish 30-31 Gulf toadfish 53 4 11. 0-13. 0 blue crab 121 116 14. 5-15. 5 bonefish 5 255-454 4994 great barracuda .505 1108 yellowfin mojarra 177 157 silver jenny 40 sheepshead minnow 13 22-34 12 19.0 goldspotted killifish 28-43 C-14
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-2 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 20-21 JANUARY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C goldspotted ki 1 1 i fi sh 28-38 19. 0 sheepshead minnow 3 24-26 nothing collected 18.5-19.0 shrimp 128 25 21. 5-23. 5 blue crab 129 145 bonefish fragment fragment goldspotted killifish 140 22-39 128 sheepshead minnow 10 18-32 goldspotted killifish 39 23-55 76 '8. 0-23. 0 sheepshead minnow 6 28-34 sailfin molly 3 28-40 10 sailfin mol ly 27 28-AO 38 13. 0-16. 0 sheepshead minnow 21-36 goldspotted killifish 34-37
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-2 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 20-21 JANUARY 1977 I Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C 10 rainwater killifish "
| |
| 2 23-26 (cont.)
| |
| pike killifish 1 57
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-3 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 17-18 FEBRUARY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C silver jenny 3 98-113 121 16. 0-19. 0 blue crab 168 191 16.0-18.5 bonefish 380-391 2002 great barracuda 516 1188 silver jenny 115 47
| |
| 'oldspotted killifish 19 26-46 34 Gulf toadfish 89-104 40 goldspotted ki 1 1 i fis h 27-35 2 12. 0-13. 5 blue crab 151-161 594 16.0-17.0 yellowfin mojarra 5 178-217 1109 bluestriped grunt 1 236 451 5 sheepshead minnow 56 20-31 38 20. 5-21. 5 goldspotted ki.llifish 25-35 13 C-17
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-3 (contin< dJ FISH RHD SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 17-18 FEBRUARY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm oC goldspotted killifish 17 23-37 17 20. 0-20. 5 sheepshead minnow 4 20-24 goldspotted killifish 14 24-41 22 20. 0 sheepshead minnow 5 19-23 blue crab 103-145 452 26. 0-30. 0 silver jenny 117 45 goldspotted ki 1 1 i fi s h 24-40 59 sheepshead minnow 4 22-24 goldspotted killifish 75 '23-40 80 26. 0 sheepshead minnow 9 21'-32 sailfin molly 9 29-41 10 sheepshead minnow 78 22-41 131 18. 0-19. 0 sailfin molly 26-35
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE I II.C-3 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 17-18 FEBRUARY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm DC 10 goldspotted (cont.) ki 1 1 i fi sh 35-37 Gulf killifish 53 marsh killifish 32 G-19
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-4 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 14-'5 MARCH 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard wei ght, temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm C blue crab 1 142 174 29. 0-29. 5 schoolmaster 3 198-244 1084 yellowfin mojarra 2 178-198 374 gray snapper 1 291 596 29.0-30.0 goldspotted killifish 30 24-39 30 3'oldspotted,killifish 20 24-45 28 27. 0-28. 0 blue crab 5 130-148 878 27.0-28.0 yellowfin mojarra 4 170-246 1131 gray snapper 1 280 601 schoolmaster 1 ca. 200 fragment goldspotted killifish 2 25-34 2 r
| |
| sheepshead minnow'6 22-32 25 "
| |
| 31.0-33.5 goldspotted killifish 16 25-42 21 goldspotted killifish 49 25-45 82 30. 0-34. 0 sheepshead minnow 10 24-28 6 7 goldspotted killifish 11 22-36 14 30. 5-32. 5 sheepshead minnow 9 18-28 5 rainwater killifish 1 30 1 C-20
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-4 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 14-15 MARCH 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C silver jenny 2 83-103 56 37. 5-38. 0 sheepshead minnow 107 22-31 72 goldspotted killifish 4 27-37 6 sai 1 fin molly 1 26 1 goldspotted killifish 20 27-35 25 35. 0-35. 5 sheepshead minnow 14 25-46 34 sail fin molly 2 36-40 5 10 sheepshead minnow 78 26-42 131 31.0-31.5 goldspotted killifish 17 34-50 45 sailfin molly 15 28-42 22 crested goby 6 37-48 15 C-21
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-5 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 27-28 APRIL 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C bluestriped grunt 1 224 397 26.5-27.5 schoolmaster 1 231 403 blue crab 158 230 26.0-28.0 bonefish 1 v
| |
| '91 1005 silver jenny 116 46 goldspotted .
| |
| killifish 19-49 14 goldspotted ki 1 1 i fish 20 22-46 28 24.0-27.0 blue crab 153 215 ,24.5-26.0 yellowfin mojarra 3 200-224 1058 goldspotted killifish 45 25-34 43 tidewater silverside 1 38 sheepshead minnow 85 19-36 67 24. 5-27. 0 goldspotted killifish 8 23-48 12 C-22
| |
| | |
| l l
| |
| I l
| |
| h
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-5 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 27-28 APRIL 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C sheepshead minnow 31 19-30 18 24.0-27.0 goldspotted killifish 28-45 goldspotted killifish 85 20-44 '100 24.0-27.0 sheepshead minnow 20-25 sailfin molly 38 blue crab 140-155 940 29. 0 shrimp 112 spotfin mojarra 1 122 56 sheepshead minnow '9 17-26 sail fin molly 1 30 sheepshead minnow 86 22-38 68 30. 0-'31. 0
| |
| ~
| |
| goldspotted killifish 17 24-39 17 Gulf killifish 43-49 81 13 sailfin molly 40 C-23
| |
| | |
| I TABLE III.C-5 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 27-28 APRIL 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C 10 sail fin molly 223 29-58 470 25. 0-29. 5 crested goby 4 32-54 sheepshead minnow 3 35-39 rainwater killifish 20-24 goldspotted if ki 1 1 i sh 42 C-24
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-SB FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS MISCELLANEOUS COLLECT IONSa 27-29 APRIL 1977 Number of of S ecies individuals standard len ths mm blue crab 140-153 shrimp 100-120
| |
| 'potfin mojarra 29 69-130 silver jenny 14 62-107 mojarra yellowfin mojarra 20'ange 62-87 140-188 redfin needlefish 15 243-287 j
| |
| gray snapper 195-210 schoolmaster 205-242 ladyfish 328 pinfish 165 Gulf toadfish 160 hardhead silverside 60-80 Nine sets with 48.8 x 1.8 m (160 x 6 ft) gill nets of 13, 19, 25 and 38-mm square mesh (1/2, 3/4, 1 and l-l/2 in).
| |
| Mixture of spotfin mojarra and silver jenny.
| |
| Includes 3 ripe females.
| |
| Numerous individuals (35-240 mm SL) observed.
| |
| Estimated, observational record.
| |
| C-25
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-6 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 19-20 MAY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C nothing collected 26.0-29.0 schoolmaster 264 640 26.0-28.5 goldspotted killifish 14 25-46 21 goldspotted killifish 7 23-42 14 24.5-27.0 blue crab 140-155 940 27.5-28.0 yellowfin mojarra 8 170-231 2244 snook 294 401 schoolmaster 263 680 gol dspotted kill i fish .
| |
| 7 26-43 goldspotted killifish 75 25-43 97" 29.0 sheepshead minnow ll 23-29 9 gol dspot ted ki 1 1 i fish 20 28-47 39 29. 0 sheepshead minnow 1 22 goldspotted killifish 25 27-43 40 28.5-29.0 C-26
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-6 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 19-20 MAY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm oC blue crab 124-157 760 33.0 striped mojarra 1 237 708 sheepshead minnow 12 20-26 goldspotted killifish 3 23-42 sheepshead minnow 49 21-42 49 30.0-30.5 gol.dspotted killifish 44 24-49 53 sail fin molly 33-46 Gul f killifish 64 10 sai lfin molly ill 27-54 213 27.0-28.5 sheepshead minnow 20 27-41 39 marsh killifish 9 44-53 20 goldspotted killifish 2 35-46 Gulf killifish 57 crested goby 45-51 fat sleeper 66 C-27
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-7 FISH ANO SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 6-17 JUNE 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C blue crab 1 151 219 31.5-33. 0 bluestriped grunt 1 217 341 schoolmaster 232 368 geay snapper 264 417 blue crab 152-156 '77 31.5-34.0 great barracuda 1020 ca. 7700 bonefish 407 1028 crested goby 51-72 15 goldspotted 42 4 ki 1 1 i fi sh Gulf toadfish 98 19 goldspotted 23-29 31.0-32.0 killifish 23-29 31.0-32.0 blue crab 3 140-176 910 30. 5-31. 0 yellowfin mojarra 6 219-246 2143 striped mojarra 1 259 447 gray snapper 345 1117 bonefish 164 72 C-28
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-7 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 16-17 JUNE 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard wei ht temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm oC 4 crested goby 2 59-62 12 30.5-31.0 (cont.)
| |
| goldspotted killifish 33 goldspotted 17 23-33 22 31. 0 killifish goldspotted killifish 75 , 26-38 127 31.5-33.0 goldspotted ki 1 1 i fi s h 26-34 14 32.5-33.0 sheepshead minnow 276 22-40 228 37.0-40.0 sheepshead minnow 22 23-39 33 30.0-35.0 goldspotted 42
| |
| 'illifish 10 sailfin molly 69 29-69 182 32.0-35.5 crested goby 40-64 16 C-29
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-7 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 16-17 JUNE 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm oC 10 sheepshead minnow 4 38-43 (cont. )
| |
| pike killifish gol dspotted kil 1 ifish 1
| |
| 1 '2 89 10 marsh killifish 52 C-30
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-8 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 18-19 JULY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C spiny lobster 251 549 30.0-32.0 yel 1owfin mojarra 14 148-229 3200 31.0-32.0 sil ver jenny, 128 48 gray snapper 2 201-227 480 goldspotted killifish 7 23-44 10 goldspotted killifish 46 21 -32 33 30.0-31.0 yellowfin mojarra 230-236 780 30.0-30.5 silver jenny 103 37 gray snapper 332 fragment crested goby 50-57 sheepshead minnow '6 19-32 42 30.0-31.0 goldspotted killifish 23 27-40 33 sailfin molly 22 crested goby 55
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-8 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 18-19 JULY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C 10 sheepshead minnow 101 25-43 173 33.5 sailfin molly 37-48 goldspotted killifish 2 30-52 crested goby 5 45-69 25 C-32
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-8 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 18-19 JULY 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C goldspotted killifish 38 27-45 68 31.0-32.0 sheepshead minnow 24 18-29 13 goldspotted killifish 85 21-38 86 30.5-31.0 sheepshead minnow 18 20-26 10 blue crab 90 61 35.0-36.5 166 386 silver jenny 114-117 64 goldspotted killifish 91 22-43 100 sheepshead minnow 30 21-40 22 sheeps head minnow 36 30-45 62 31 .0-37. 0 goldspotted killifish 21 32-45 36 sailfin molly 37-42 12 Gulf killifish 67-70 19 pinfish 61 C-33
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-9 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 29-30 AUGUST 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C nothing collected 30.0-30.5 yel 1 owfin mojarra 2 200-203 516 29.0-30.5 goldspotted ki1 1 ifish 4 22-33 crested goby 1 67 8.
| |
| goldspotted killifish 139 23-41 113 28.5-29.0 tidewater silverside 1 44 yellowfin mojarra 1 202 247 30.0 sil ver jenny 1 126 59 sea catfish 1 279 371 goldspotted killifish 36 22-33 26
| |
| .goldspotted killifish 38 23-39 41 30.5-31.0
| |
| 'heepshead minnow 32 23-33 37 sailfin molly 2 30-32 crested goby 1 72 Gulf killifish 1 43 C-34
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| 1 I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-9 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 29-30 AUGUST 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm oC goldspotted killifish 41 24-42 45 31.5-32.0 sheepshead minnow . 5 24-28 4 goldspotted killifish 67 23-39 56 31.0-31.5 sheepsheadminnow 16 22-30 10 tidewater s ilversi de 2 37-39 yellowfin mojarra 1 ca.210 fragment 37.0-38.0 goldspotted killifish 242 24-43 227 sheepshead minnow 23 22-31 18 sheepshead minnow 91 22-47 148 34.0-36.0 goldspotted killifish 75 23-42 80 10 .sail fin mol ly 33 33-51 68 29.5-33.0 goldspotted killifish 3 31-54 crested goby 3 40-62 sheepshead minnow 2 33-34 Gulf killifish 1 71 C-35
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I i
| |
| )i L
| |
| L I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-10 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 26-27 SEPTEMBER 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C spiny lobster 112 1260 31.0-32.0 sheepshead 367 1982 schoolmaster 255 480 yel 1 owfin mojarra 2 ca 200-210 fragments 32.0-32.5 spotfin mojarra 1 97 25 goldspotted killifish 7 28-32 goldspotted killifish 3 24-29 3 31.0-31.5 Gulf toadfish 31-79 blue crab 157 242 32.0 yellowfin mojarra 1 213 225 gray snapper 216 fragment
| |
| .sea catfish 407 1064 goldspotted ki llifish 3 24-26 crested, goby 3 52-57 13 C-36
| |
| | |
| l, I
| |
| g l
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-10 (conti nued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 26-27 SEPTEMBER 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C goldspotted killifish 74 23-47 98 33.0-33.5
| |
| .sheepshead minnow . 19 23-34 18 sail fin molly 25-33 marsh killifish 41 goldspotted killifish 71 23-45 78 34.0-35.0 sheepshead minnow 1 24 rainwater ki llifish 1 27 goldspotted killifish 187 24-42 155 33.5-34.5 sheepshead minnow 6 25-28 5 sheepshead minnow 41 24-34 24 40.0 goldspotted killifish 10 '2-31 sheepshead minnow 167 24-47 176 37.0-38.0 goldspotted killifish 65 24-43 60 sailfin molly 29 C-37
| |
| | |
| l I
| |
| l l
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-10 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 26-27 SEPTEMBER 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C 10 sailfin molly 38 37-56 - 106 30.0-35.0 sheepshead minnow 8 35-40 17 crested goby 1 44
| |
| ,Gul f killifish 1 86 15 C-38
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-11 FISH AND SHELLFI'SH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 20-21 OCTOBER 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm 'C yellowfin mojarra 2 196-229 575 28.0-28.5 blue crab 160 271 28.5-29.0 goldspotted killifish 5 22-32 rainwater killifish 1 28 goldspotted killifish 1 31 1 25.0-28.0 Gul f toadfish 176 111 27.0-28.5 crested goby 43-60 38 sailfin molly 74 24-39 61 28.5-30.0 sheepshead minnow 14 24-37 16 e
| |
| goldspotted killifish 5 24-41 6 crested goby 1 81 13
| |
| 'goldspotted N
| |
| killifish 203 22-40 203 29.0-30.5 sheepshead minnow 4 23-29 C-39
| |
| | |
| I TABLE III,C-11 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 20-21 OCTOBER 1977 Number Range of Total Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len ths mm oC 7 gol dspotted ki1 1 i'fish 68 24-45 74 28.0-30.0 sheepshead minnow 2 24-26 1 goldspotted killifish 42 22-32 28 34.5-35.0 sheepshead minnow 24 sheepshead minnow 134 17-39 ~
| |
| 106 33.5-34.0 goldspotted killifish 28 23-43 37 sail fin molly 31-40 10 10 sheepshead minnow 57 28-43 97 ,
| |
| 29.0-30.0 sailfin molly 19 38-52 52 gol dspotted killifish 5 35-50 15 Gulf ki 1 1 i fi s h 64 C-40
| |
| | |
| I TABLE III.C-12 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 14-15 NOVEMBER 1977 Num er ange o ota ange of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len th (mn) ( ) 'C) 1 bluestriped grunt 1 210 315 22.5-23.5 pinfish 104-121 376 23.5-24.5 sailors choice 321 777 yellowfin mojarra 150 171 great barracuda 434 434 crested goby 54 gol dspotted kil i fish 1 10 27-33 10 20.5-22.0 blue crab 152 254 22.0-23.0 crevalle jack 452 1960 goldspotted killifish 50 24-36 51 crested goby 27 tidewater silvers'ide 40 sheepshead minnow 109 22-36 100 24.5 sailfin molly 29 23-40 27.
| |
| goldspotted killifish 27 26-45 35 tidewater silverside 42-44
| |
| | |
| I l
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-12 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY. POINT COOLING CANALS 14-15 NOVEMBER 1977 Num er nge o ota ange o water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len'h (mm) ) 'C) 6 goldspotted killifish 39 25-41 41 24.5-25.5
| |
| ) sheepshead minnow 22-32 sailfin molly 29 goldspotted killifish 93 22-44 85 23.5-25.5 sheepshead minnow 16-28 blue crab 158 241 28.5-30.5 goldspotted killifish 88 23-39 71 sheepshead minnow 18 21-29 sheepshead minnow 87 22-36 69 25. 5-27. 0 goldspotted killifish 39 22-41 38 sailfin molly 39-45 crested goby 69 10 sail fin molly 43 30-60 155 21.0-25.5 sheepshead minnow 32-38 25 goldspotted killifish 40-41 C-42
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-12 (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 14-15 NOVEMBER 1977 Num er Range o ota ange o water Station of standar d wei ght temperatures number S ecies individuals len th (mm) ) oC
| |
| 'ulf killifish 1,
| |
| 10 1 85 22 (cont.)
| |
| pike killifish 84 9 C-43
| |
| | |
| I s
| |
| | |
| TABLE. I II. C-13 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 1-2 DECEMBER 1977 Num er ange o ota ange of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len th (mm) () c nothing collected 26.5 schoolmaster 226 342 26.0-27.0 gol dspotted killifish 33 25-38 crested goby Gulf toadfish 1 72 10 goldspotted killifish 42 22-34 38 25.5-26.0 gol dspotted killi fish 12 22-34 12 25.0-25.5 goldspotted killifish 15 27-41 10 26.0-26.5 sheepshead minnow 25-30 sailfin molly 24-31 gol dspotted kil i fish 1 42 23-41 45 .26. 5 sheepshead minnow 23-27 C-44
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| ~
| |
| l
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-13, (continued)
| |
| FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 1-2 DECEMBER 1977 Num er Range o ota Range of water Station of standard weight temperatures number S ecies individuals len th (mm) ) ('C) 7 goldspotted 'killifish 57 26-37 51 26.5-27.5 sheepshead minnow 1 22 1 blue crab 122 172 32.0-33.0 goldspotted killifish 33 24-30 sheepshead minnow 1 21 nothing collecteda 27.5-30.5 10 sailfin molly 19 36-51 58 29.5-32.5 goldspotted killifish 15 40-43 47.
| |
| I sheepshead minnow 35-38 16 crested goby 48-52 13 Dredging in area.
| |
| C-45
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.C-14 NCIBER OF INDIVIDUALS At(0 RANGE OF STANDARD LENGTHS OF SHELLFISHES AND FISHES COLLECTED NITHIN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL SYSTEH DECEISER 1974-DECEHBER 1917 4- Januar 9 1 - Oecerher 1971 usher nye o gc 0 r nye o Scientific Nane Coccson narc horseshoe crab of Indiuiduals I
| |
| Standard Len ths scc of Individuals I
| |
| Standard Len ths ccc 240
| |
| ~ of I al Id t* couth Standard tlnulus polyphssvs 290 Psnasus Sp. edible shrisp 2 55-86 3 10-108 3 )12-128 Panulftus argus spiny lobster 16 200 331 5 250-320 112-251 tusnfpps turcenar)a stone crab 70 26-112 18 36-112 Callinecees sspldus blue crab 57 47-192 3 46-160 90-176 Fanily Elopldae-tarpons lb slops saurus )adyf ish 482-495 509 Fanlly Albo)idee-bonefishes A)hu)a vulpes bonefish 194-415 219.432 164-454 Fan) 1y Be) cni dan scrnngyl urn narina Atlantic need)cfish 50 dcrongyl urn nocaea redfin needlefish nunc rous 35-287 Fanily Arlfdae-sea catfishes aries falls sea catfish 18 179 375 311-407 Fanily Batrachoidldae-toadfishes opsanus hscs Gulf toadf ish 31-176 Fanily Cyprinodontidae-kill)fishes Cyprlnudcn varlepccus sheepshead ninnou 358 10-44 2181 18-51 2207 le-41 1'lorldfchchys carplu 9oldspotted kill)fish 1949 ) 2-41 3351 18-62 3392 19-55 rundulus cnnfltuneus narsh kill)fish 5 31-55 12 32-53 rundulus grandfs Gulf killl(ish. 10 45-93 13 43-86 tu anla purva rainuater kill)fish 18 16-33 2 26-29 7 20-30 Fan) ly Pose)) )idee-livebearers Sul cnssox huis canus pike kllliflsh 99-101 2 55-107 3 57-89 Poscl I la lac f pinna sailfin no))y 19-62 341 20-74 762 22-69 Fanily Atherinidae-sl)versideS achsr)nunurus sclpus hardhead SI)vers)de 17 26-45 ca. 20 ca. 60-80 nsn)dla Cury)line tldeuater silverside 15 23-46 3 42-52 8 31-41 Fall))1 Syn9nathidae pipefishes Syngnsehus Sp. pipeflsh 2 51-13 elppocaupus croesus lined seahorse 80 Fanily Centroponidae-snooks Ceneroponvs undec)tu)ls snook Fauily ECheneidae-resnraS schsnels ILlucrsccs sharksucker 458
| |
| | |
| i g
| |
| ~
| |
| ~
| |
| i g
| |
| I i
| |
| i
| |
| )
| |
| I I
| |
| gi Qi I
| |
| | |
| TAOLE I) I.C-14 (continued)
| |
| NltSER Of INDIVIDUALS AND RANGE OF STANDARD LENGTHS OF SHELLFISHES AND FISHES COLLECTED MITHIN THE TURKET POINT COOLING CANAL SYSTEH DECEER ) 974-OECElSER 1977 Scientific Name Cacaon name Iclbc of r'ge Individuals Standard ten ths mn o Number of Individuals 9e 0 Standard Len ths mm br ar dl of d
| |
| r'ge 9 7 -
| |
| 1*~ill Oec~r o
| |
| 1977 Standard Family Carangidae-jacks Caranr crysos blue niner 1 380 Caranx hippos crevalle jack I 370 4=2 Selene wear )ookdown 2 268 rrachlnotus falcatus permit 385 Family Lutjanidae-snappers l4tjanus apodus schoolmaster 209-240 8 174-370 10 198<64
| |
| ~tjanus grlseus gray snapper 164 336 16 178-444 9 201-345 Family Gcrre)Ac-mojarras plaptorus plunlcrl striped mojarra 3 158-427 3 140-241 I 237 Suelnostasvs argenteus spotfin mojarra 8 31-115 3 29-123 3 97-259 suclnostoeus gula silver jenny 4 115-) 21 I 113 14 40-)28 cerres clnereus ye)l<wfin mojarra 68 105 300 55 )55456 59 150-246 Family Sciaenidae-drums nentlclrrhus llttoralls Gulf kingfish fr'alpen t Family Ephippidae-spadefishes Chaetodlpterus labor At) antic spadef ish 140-296 280-359 Family Hugilidae-mul'lets rrugll cdrPhalus striped sa))et 230-368 13 300-574 Family Potudasyidae-grunts Saesulon parral sailors choice 17 197-278 11 234-295 321 saesulon sclurus bluestriped gnat 31 186-267 9 199-267 210-236 Family Sparidae-porgies nrchosargus protutoccplulus sheepshead 367 Lapse rhouboldos pinfish 131 61-121 Family Sphyraenidae-barracudas Sphyrwna tarr~uda great barracuda 12 365-557 457-522 434-1020 Family Eleotridae-sleepers lernltator assculatus fat sleeper 66 Family Gobi idae-gobies Cohlcnellus Sp. goby 2 17-19 CophoyaWus cyprlnolddrs crested goby 15 31-61 27 25-7) 53 27-81 nlcropcelut nlcrolepls banner goby I 40 Family Tetraodontidae-puf fcrs sphoeroldes testudlneus checkered puf fer 28 No length on one individual (fragaent).
| |
| Col)ected or obierved during Sasoling additional to the norma) program.
| |
| | |
| I l
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| D. BENTHOS
| |
| : 1. MACROINVERTEBRATES Introduction The Turkey Point cooling canal system is a unique habitat in that it is a closed marine ecosystem. This study documents changes which have occurred in the benthic macroinvertebrate populations since they were cut off from outside recruitment some five years ago.
| |
| The species present and their relative abundances were analyzed so that projections of future cormunity behavior m'ight .then be made.
| |
| Benthic macroinvertebrates are animals large enough to be seen by the unaided eye and can be retained by a U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve (0.595 mm mesh; EPA, 1973). They live at least part of their life cycles within or upon any available substrata. Their sensitivity to external stress due to relatively limited mobility, diverse trophic structure,'aried habitat preferences, and relatively long life span enable benthic communities to exhibit characteristics which are a function of environmental conditions in the recent past. These com-munities have been shown to r eflect the effects of temperature, salin-ity, depth, current, and substratum. In addition, benthic macroinver-tebrates are also important members of the food web as prey to many species of the upper water column (EPA, 1973).
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I a~ay a'ww'~w I
| |
| | |
| Materials and Methods Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected and analyzed using methods and materials recommended by the U.S . Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 1973), Holme and McIntyre (1971), APHA (1971), and NESP (1975).
| |
| The bottom substrata of the Turkey Point cooling canal system with The device used was a 6" x 6" metal were sampled an Ekman grab.
| |
| box equipped with spring-loaded jaws which closed when tripped with a messenger weight. The enclosed substratum was then raised to the surface and washed through a No. 30 mesh sieve to remove fine sedi-ment and detritus particles. All material retained on the sieve was preserved in a 1:1 mixture of Eosin B and Biebrich Scarlet stains in a 1:1000 concentration of 5X formalin (Williams, 1974). These stains color animal tissue red and enable faster, more accurate hand sorting of benthic samples.
| |
| Three replicate grab samples were taken in April and October of 1977 at each of ei ght sampling stations (Figure III.D.l-l). Repli-cation is necessary for valid statistical analysis because of variation in dis'tribution patterns of benthic fauna (EPA, 1973). Sampling at Station RC.O was hindered by the fact that the substratum was very rocky, thus allowing the grab to shut without enclosing a sample. No reliable data could be obtained at this station.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| Biomass analyses of the samples were made on a dry weight basis, exclusive of molluscan shells. Whole samples were dried at 105'C for 4 hours, then weighed on a Nettler H32 analytical balance (EPA, 1973). Biomass per square meter and density per square meter were calculated by taking the sum of the results of the three repli-cate samples and multiplying by the appropriate factor.
| |
| The Shannon-Weaver Index of Diversi ty and the equitability component were also computed from the data. Diversity indices are an additional tool for measuring the quality of the environment and the effect of induced stress on the structure of a communi ty of macro-invertebrates. Their use is based on the generally observed phenom-enon that undisturbed environments support communities having rela-tively few species with large numbers of individuals and large numbers of species represented by only a few individuals. Nany forms of stress tend to reduce diversity by making the environment unsuitable for some species or by giving other species a competitive advantage.
| |
| I Species diversity has two components: the number of species (species richness) and the distribution of individuals among the species (species evenness). The inclusion of this latter component renders the di versi ty index independent of sample size.
| |
| D.1-3
| |
| | |
| 1 i
| |
| g I'
| |
| | |
| The Shannon-Weaver index of diversity (d) (Lloyd, Zar, and Karr, 1968) calculates mean diversity and is recommended by the EPA (1973):
| |
| d = C N
| |
| (N logzo N-En; logioni )
| |
| where: C = 3.321928 (converts base 10 log to base 2)
| |
| N = total number of individuals n.= total number of individuals of the i species, 1
| |
| Mean diversity as calculated above is affected by both species richness and evenness and may range from 0 to 3.321928 log N.
| |
| To evaluate the component of diversity due to the distribution of individuals among the species (equitability), the calculated d is compared with a hypothetical maximum d based on a model distribution frequently observed in nature, i.e., one with a few abundant species and increasing numbers of species represented by only a few individuals (MacArthur, 1957). Sample data are not expected to conform to the Mac-Arthur model, since it is only being used as a measure against which the distribution of abundances is compared. Equitability values may II range 'from zero to one except in rare cases where the distribution in the sample is more equitable than that in the MacArthur model.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I,
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| Equitability is computed by; e = sl s
| |
| where: s = number of taxa in the sample s'= hypothetical maximum number of taxa in the sample based on a table devised by Lloyd and Ghelardi (1964)
| |
| Data from EPA biologists have shown that diversity indices in unpolluted waters geherally range from 3 to 4 and are usually below 1 in polluted waters. Equitability levels below 0.5 have not been encountered in waters known to be free of oxygen-demanding wastes.
| |
| In such waters, equitability usually ranges from 0.6 to 0.8, while equitability in polluted waters is generally 0.0 to 0.3.
| |
| Results and Discussion Benthic macroinvertebrates at Turkey Point were of four main groups: polychaete marine worms, molluscs (snails and bivalves),
| |
| crustaceans, and a miscellaneous group of diverse animals which were present irregularly and in small numbers (Tables III.D.1-1 through I'II.D.1-7). Salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen measurements were made during each biotic sampling (Table III.D.1-8). Additional invertebrates were collected during fish surveys (see Section C).
| |
| These included species of commercially important decapod crustaceans, namely blue crabs, shrimp, and a few spiny lobsters.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| Density of benthic macroinvertebrates was dependent on sta-
| |
| , tion location and ranged from 560 individuals/m~ at Station RF.3 (October) to 5603/m at Stations F.l (April) and RC.2 (October). In 1977, the mean density of all stations combined was 3064 individuals/
| |
| m~. Mean density in October (2436/m~) was the second lowest ever reported from the canals (Figure III.D.1-2). The lowest density occurred in November 1976 (2212/m~). Populations were dominated by molluscs at Stations RC.2 (April) and F.l (April and October) and by C
| |
| polychaete worms at the other stations. Molluscs and polychaete worms were nearly equally abundant at Station W18.2 in both sampling periods.
| |
| In April, a mean biomass of 6.776 g/m~ was recorded, while in October mean biomass was 1.784 g/m . These values are the highest and lowest values respectively, ever recorded in the Turkey Point canals. Over the past three years, a pattern of biomass fluc-tuation has emerged in which biomass tends to increase in, spring and decrease in fall (Figure III.D.1-3).
| |
| Most responsible for the wide variation in biomass was the black. horn shell Batillaria minima. This small snail comprised 95/ of the molluscs found in April and 96K of the molluscs found in October. Density of aatilsaria in April was so great that mol-luscs numerically dominated the fauna in April despite the fact that they were found at only three stations (RC.2, W18.2, F.l).
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| In October, aatisIaria. was found only at Stations W18.2 and F.l and was not of sufficient density to outnumber the polychaete worms. Except for April 1977, polychaetes have dominated the Turkey
| |
| 'oint fauna in terms of number of species and individuals.
| |
| Mean diversity at the Turkey Point sampling stations in October was the lowest in three years of sampling (1.27; Figure III.D.1-4). The steady decline in mean diversity since November 1976 is a reflection of the appearance of large numbers of aaei2zaria nu'noma and the gradual disappearance of many mollusc and crustacean species that had previously occurred in small numbers. The increase of Batillaria represents a major shift in coranunity composition and may be attributable to the fact that benthic animals are known to congretate in widely spaced "patches".
| |
| A total of 28 species were collected in April 1977, one less than in November 1976. Fifteen of these species had eight indivi-duals or less, while five species had from ll to 23 individuals.
| |
| The ostracdd cysindroleberis was moderately abundant (142 individuals).
| |
| Combined, these 21 species comprised only 15.5Ã of the total macro-invertebrates collected. Therefore, the bulk of the benthic indivi-duals (84.55) was distributed among only seven species, which included the snail Batillaria and six of the nine polychaete worm species.
| |
| | |
| Distribution of the species was similar in October when only 17 species were collected, the least number ever found in the canals. Nine of these species had less than nine individuals each while three species had between 11 and 17 individuals. Again, cglindroseberis mariae was moderately abundant (79 individuals).
| |
| aatis1aria and three worm species comprised 85.7% of benthic macro-invertebrates collected in October (Figure III.D.1-5).
| |
| In comparison with neighboring ecosystems, the Turkey Point canal system macroinvertebrate fauna appears depauperate. Bader and Roessler (1972) reported 266 species of molluscs, larger crustaceans, sponges, and echinoderms from Biscayne Bay. and Card Sound. This larger number of species does not include polychaete worms and smaller crustacean species which comprised the bulk of the species in the canal system. If polychaete and small crusta-cean species were included in the total, it is estimated that as many as 500 different species of benthic macroinvertebrates could be found in Biscayne Bay'nd Card Sound. The low number of species in the Turkey Point canal system is probably due to the lack of means of recruitment of new species from neighboring ecosystems.
| |
| While several species were present in the canal system, the numerically important species wer e very limited. All were burrow-ing, sedentary species which are detritus or filter feeders. The bottom substratum was composed of fibrous peat and mud mixed with
| |
| | |
| gi g
| |
| L g i
| |
| | |
| shell debris, a type of substratum to which the most abundant- species are well adapted.
| |
| No specific ecological information on tolerances or habitat preferences for BatiIlaria is known. Polychaete worms are known to tolerate. wider variances in environmental conditions than most other animals. Several studies have shown polychaetes to be among the only animals capable of surviving the effects of thermal out-falls (Harkowski, 1960; Warinner and Brehmer, 1965 and 1966). Studies in southern California have reported polychaetes surviving heavily polluted areas with restr icted circulation (Reish, 1956 and 1959).
| |
| Bandy et al. (1965) reported that polychaetes outnumbered other groups eight to one at an ocean sewage outfall. Polychaetes thus appear best suited for life in an area of elevated temperature, restricted circulation, .and highly organic substratum like the Turkey Point canal system.
| |
| Conclusions When compared to the data collected in 1975 and 1976, the general trends exhibited by the Turkey Point benthic macroinverte-brate.community during 1977 were decreased density and biomass coupled with a significant decrease in diversity. As in previous years, polychaete worms were very abundant, but the snail aat~llaria nu.noma displaced polychaetes as the most abundant organism in April.
| |
| The benthic macroinvertebrate coranunity has several species which
| |
| | |
| I occur in small numbers, but only those burrowing, sedentary, detritus or filter-feeding species better adapted to living in the thick, fibrous peat substratum may be expected to occur in significant,num-ber. In general, the community is poorly balanced and subject to r
| |
| wide qualitative and biomass variation (as evidenced by the sudden appearance of many aatillaria)).
| |
| 0.1-10
| |
| | |
| I LITERATURE CITED APHA. 1971. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste-water, 13th ed. American Public Health Assoc., New York. 874 pp.
| |
| Bader, R. G., and M. A. Roessler. 1972. An ecological study .of south Biscayne Bay and Card Sound. Prog. Rpt. to AEC and FPL.
| |
| Bandy, 0. L., J. C. Ingle, 'and J. M. Resig. 1965. Modification of foraminiferal distribution by the Orange County'outfall, California. Ocean Sci. Ocean Engr . 1:54-76.
| |
| EPA. 1973. Biological field and laboratory methods for measuring the quality of surface waters and effluents . C. I. Weber, ed. EPA-670/4-73-001. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati.
| |
| Holme, N. A., and A. D. McIntyre. 1971. Methods for the study of marine benthos. IBP Handbook No. 16. Blackwell's Oxford.
| |
| 396 pp.
| |
| Lloyd, M., and R. J. Ghelardi. 1964. A table for calculating the "equitability" component of species diversity. J. Anim.
| |
| Ecol. 33:217-225.
| |
| Lloyd, M., J. H. Zar, and J. R. Karr. 1968. On the calculation of information - theoretical measures of diversity. Amer. Mid.
| |
| Natur. 79(2):257-272.
| |
| MacArthur,, R. H. 1957. On the relative abundance of bird species.
| |
| Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, D.C. 43:293-295.
| |
| Markowski, S. 1960. Observations on the response of some benthonic organisms to power station cooling water. J. Anim. Ecol.
| |
| 29(2):249-357.
| |
| NESP. 1975. National environmental studies project. Environmental impact monitoring of nuclear power plants: source book of monitoring methods. Battelle Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
| 918 pp.
| |
| Reish, D. J. 1956. An ecological study of lower San Gabriel River, California; with special reference to pollution. Calif.
| |
| Fish Game 42:53-61.
| |
| . 1959. An ecological study of pollution in Los Angles-Long Beach Harbors, California, Allan Hancock Occ. Paper
| |
| : 22. 119 pp.
| |
| D.1-11
| |
| | |
| LITERATURE CITED continued Warinner, J. E., and M. L. Brehmer. 1965. The effects of thermal effluents on marine organisms. Proc. 19th Industrial Waste Conf. Purdue Univ. Eng. Ext. Ser. 117:479-492.
| |
| 1966. The effects of thermal effluents on marine orga'nisms.
| |
| Air Water Poll. Int. J. 10:277-289.
| |
| Williams, G. E., III. 1974. New techniques to facil.itate handpick-ing macrobenthos. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 93(2):220-226.
| |
| D.1-12
| |
| | |
| l R
| |
| l'
| |
| | |
| F.l RC.O
| |
| ~ 0 ~
| |
| 0 0
| |
| E3.2 RC.2 RF.3 FLORIDA POWER 4 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANT MACROBENTHOS SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS APPLCO ~ lOLOOY, INC.
| |
| Fi ure III.O. 1-1 0.1-13
| |
| | |
| 1 6
| |
| CC E
| |
| CD CD Vl CD CD 3
| |
| CC CD I
| |
| 1 CD HAY OEC HAY NOV ~
| |
| APR OCT 1975 1976 1977
| |
| -Figure III.D.1-2. Mean number of individuals per square meter, Turkey Point Plant, May 1975-October 1977.
| |
| | |
| E l
| |
| | |
| HAY DEC HAY NOV APR OCT 1975 1976 1977 Figure III.D.1-3. Hean biomass per square meter, Turkey Point Plant, Hay 1975-October 1977.
| |
| | |
| I
| |
| ~
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| l Vl 3
| |
| )
| |
| Ul C)
| |
| X 0
| |
| )
| |
| CY Lal I
| |
| 0 HAY OEC NY NOV APR OCT 1975 1976 1977 Figure /II.D.1-4. Hean diversity at the Turkey Point Plant, Hay 1975-October 1977.
| |
| | |
| ~
| |
| 5
| |
| ~
| |
| | |
| Monks gg >101 1 uses 80 55 Crustaceans gg G thers
| |
| ~ 70
| |
| )
| |
| Z 60 o 50 40 lal 30 20 10 HAY 1976 DEC 1976 1'!AY 1976 WOV 1976 APR 1977 OCT 1977 Figure III.D.1-5. Structure of benthic macroinvertebrate community at the Turkey Point Plant, May 1975-October 1977.
| |
| | |
| I
| |
| ~
| |
| | |
| TABLE III. D. 1-1 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION RC.2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 um o ep scates Species A ril November a
| |
| Class Polychaeta worms Autolytus brevicirrata 3 61 Cirriformia filigera 5 Dorvillea soci abilis 5 9 Nerei s s ucci nea 21 3 Pista cristata 20 4 Platynereis dumerilii 6 Sabellari a floridensis 2 6 Class Gastropoda snails Batillaria minima 330 Crepi dula forni cata 5 Class Pelecypoda biValVeS Astarte nana Chi one grus Goul di a ceri na Class Crustacea shrimp Palaemonetes Sp. larVae Class Pycnogonida Sea SpiderS Anoplodactylus lentus Class Ophi uroidea brittle StarS Amphipholis squamata Total Individuals 388 109 Total Biomass Ig) 1. 319 0.448 Density (No./m ) 5575 1566 Biomass (g/m2) 18. 951 6. 437 Index of Diversity 0. 94 2. 43 Equitability 0.28 0. 61
| |
| | |
| l I
| |
| | |
| TABLE I II.D.1-2 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION E3.2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 Sum o 3 epl locates S ecies A ri1 October Class Polychaeta worms Autolgtus brevici rrata 102 86 Dorvi llea soci abi sli 5 Marphysa sangui nea 2 Nerei s succinea 2 Pista cristata 24 Platgnereis dum rilii 36 Podarke obscura 49 Class Pelecypoda bi val ves Astarte nana Gouldia cerina Class Crustacea K OS traCod S Cgli ndroleberi s mari ae 66 69 Sarsi ella americana 2 CumaCeanS Cgclaspi s vari ans 1sopods Cili caea caudata 4 amphipods Elasnnpus rapax 7 Mi erode utopus grill otalpa 11 mysids Mgsi dopsis bi gelovi 4 shrimp Alpheus armillatus 6 Palaemonetes Sp; 1 arVae 13 Total Individuals 328 178 Total Biomass (g) 0. 267 0.027 Density (No. /m ) 4713 2557 Biomass (g/m~) 3. 836 0.388 Index of Diversity 2.97 1.60 Equitability 0.65 0.77 D.1-19
| |
| | |
| I g
| |
| ~
| |
| | |
| TABLE III. 0.1-3 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION RF. 3 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 Sum of 3 Re licates S ecies A ril October Class Polychaeta worms Autolytus brevi ci rrata 55 Glycera americana Pista cristata 10 Platynerei s dumeri Iii 14 Podarke obscura ll Polydora ligni 21 Class Pel ecypoda
| |
| .bi Val VeS Gouldia cerina Lyonsia floridana Class Crustacea OStraCOdS Cylindroleberis mariae 76 10 amphipods zlasmopus rapax 6 Hemi aegi na minuta 2 Lysianopsis alba 2 Shrimp Palaemonetes'p. 2 Phylum Echiurida echiuroi d WOrmS Thalassema hartmani Class Ophiuroidea brittle Stal S Amphi pholis squamata Total Individuals 224 13 Total Biomass (g) 0.086 0.002 Density (No./m ) .3218 560 Biomass (g/m~) 1. 236 0.029 Index of Diversity 2.82 0.78
| |
| ,Equitability 0.71 0.98 D.1-20
| |
| | |
| I TABLE I I I. D.1-4 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STAT ION MF. 2 TURKEY POINT PLANT.
| |
| 1977 Sum of 3 Re licates S ecies A ril October Class Polychaeta worms Autolgtus hrevi ci rrata 69 Nereis succinea 17 3 Platynerei s dumeri lii ll Pol @dora ligni 55 Phylum Echiurida echiuroid WormS Thalassema hartmani 6 Total Individuals 89 72 Total Biomass (g) 0.010 0.005 Density (No./m~) 1279 1034 Biomass g/m~) 0.144 . 0.072 Index of Diversity '1.52 0.25 Equitability 0.91 0.65 D.1-21
| |
| | |
| l'
| |
| ~
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE I I I, D.1-5 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION W18. 2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 Sum of 3 Re licates S ecies A ri1 October Class Polychaeta worms Autolytus brevi ci rrata 68 16 Nereis succinea 98 Pista cristata 8 Platynerei s dumeri lii 21 65 Podarke obscura 6 Polydora li gni 46 Class Gastropoda snails Batillaria minima 102 154 Class Pelecypoda bi Val VeS ryonsia floridana Class Crustacea amphipods zlasmopus rapax 10 Total Individuals 264 339 Total Biomass (g) 0.361 0.150 Density (No./m2) 3793 4871 Biomass (g/m~) 5.187 2.155 Index of Diversity 2.26 1.80 Equitability 0.92 0.90 D.1-22
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.1-6 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STAT ION W6. 2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 Sum of 3 Re licates S ecies A ri1 October Class Polychaeta worms Autolytus brevi ci rrata 46 31 GEycera americana 12
| |
| 'arphysa sanguinea 2 Nereis succi nea 6 138 Pista cristata 7 Platgnerei s dumeri lii 5 93 Polgdora ligni 37 Sabellaria floridensis 4 Class Pelecypoda bivalves zyonsia floridana Class Crustacea shrimp Alpheus armillatus Phylum Echiurida echiuroid WOrmS -
| |
| Thalassema hartmani Total Individuals 116 274 Total Biomass fg) 0.034 0.094 Density No./m ) 1667 3937 Biomass g/m2) 0.489 1.551 Index of Diversity 2.39 1. 58 Equitability 0.81 0.95 D.1-23
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.1- 7 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION F. 1 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 Sum of 3 Re licates S ecies A ril October Class Polychaeta WOrmS . Autolytus brevi ci rrata 4 Glycera americana 2 Podarke obscura 5 Class Gastropoda snails Bati llaria minima 384 165 Class Crustacea mySidS Mysidopsis bi gelowi Phylum Echiurida echiuroid Worms Thalassema hartmani Total Individuals 390 176 Total Biomass ag) 1.224 0.143 Density (No./m ) 5603 2529 Biomass (g/m~) 17.586 2.055 Index of Diversity 0.13 0.43 Equitability 0.39 0.38 D.1-24
| |
| | |
| I
| |
| ~
| |
| i i
| |
| g
| |
| ~
| |
| I, t
| |
| ~
| |
| | |
| TABLE III. D.1-8 SALINITY, TEMPERATURE, AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION RECORDED DURING BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 Station RC.O Station RC.2 Station E3.2 Station RF.3 Month /o, C D.O. m oo C D.O. m '/oo C D.O. m /oo 'C D.O. m January 37.2 17.1 9.7 36.6 15.6 10.0 37.2 11. 1 11. 1 36.6 14.5 10.3 February 37. 7 19. 1 9.3 37.7 18.6 9.4 37.2 13.7 10.5 37 ' 17.0 9.7 March 37.7 29.5 7.7 38.2 29.0 7.8 38.2 27.1 8. 1 38.2 26.9 8.1 April 42.5 26.3 8.2 42.5 25.8 8.3 42.5 23.9 8.5 42.0 24.4 8.5 35.0 26.2 8.2 35.0 26.1 8.2 35.0 24.4 8.5 35.0 27.9 7.9 June 37.2 33.1 7.3 37.2 33 ' 7.2 37.2 31.8 7.4 37.2 30.4 7.6 July 39.9 30.1 7.7 37.2 31.0 7.5 37.7 30.0 7.7 39.9 29.9 7.7 August 40.4 30.2 7.7 40.4 30.2 7.6 40.4 29.1 7.8 '0.9 30.0 7..7 September 37.2 32.0 7.4 37.2 32.3 7.4 37.2 31.1 7.5 37.2 31.9 7.4 October 41.5 27.8 8.0 41.5 28.7 7.8 42.0 25.0 8.4 41.5 26 ' 8.1 November 39.5 22.4 8.8 38.7 23.4 8.6 39.1 20.6 39.5 22.8 8.7 9.1'6.0 December 36.3 26.3 8.2 36.1 25.8 8.2 25.6 8.3 36.3 25.1 8.4
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III. 0-1-8 (continued)
| |
| SALINITY, TEMPERATURE, AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION RECORDED DURING BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE .SAMPLING TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 Station M . Station W18.2 Station H.6.2 Station F.l Month '/oo 'C 0.0. m '/oo 'C 0.0. m '/oo 'C D.O. m /oo 'C D.O. m January 36.6 19.2 9.3 36. 6 19.1 9- ~ 3 36.6 18.5 9.4 36.1 23.4 8.6 February 37.2 20.4 9. 1 37 ' 20.1 9.1 37.7 19.9 9.2 37.2 30.1 7.7 March 38.2 33.5 7.2 38.2 33.9 7.2 38 ' 32.3 7.4 37.7 37.4 6.8 April 42.5 24.6 8.4 42.0 24.2 8.5 42.5 24.1 8.5 42.5 29.0 7.8 May 35.0 29.0 7.8 35.0 28.9 7.8 35.0 28.7 8.0 35.0 33.0 7.3 June 36.6 31.2 7' 36.1 33.0 7.3 37.2 33.1 7.3 36.6 39.9 6.5 July 37.7 30.9 '7.5 37.7 32.0 7.4 37.2 312 7.5 39.9 35.2 7.1 August 40.9 30.8 7.6 40.9 32.2 7.4 40.9 31.2 7.5 40.9 36.9 6.8 September 37.2 33.2 7.3 37.2 34.2 7.1 37.2 33.6 7.2 37.2 39.8 6.5 October 42.0 28.3 7.9 41.5 28.0 7.9 41.5 28.1 7.9 41.5 34.4 7 '
| |
| November 39.4 24.4 8' 39.5 24.7 8.4 39.5 23.4 8.6 39.2 28.7 7.8 December 36.0 26.0 8.2 35.6 26.4 8.1 35.9 26.3 8.2 35 .0 32 .1 7.4
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| : 2. NICROB IOLOGY Introduction The bacteriological study of the Turkey Point canal system is be-ing conducted to provide information concerning the bacterial popula-tion of the canal sediments. Because the majority of all bacteria are heterotrophic organisms, they are primarily responsible for the break-down of organic material rather than its production. The main function performed by bacteria in water and sediment is therefore the minerali-zation,of organic material, which in turn provides the limiting nutrients necessary for the primary producers to survive and generate more organic material. This continual cycling of dissimilatory and assimilatory pro-cesses is the mechanism by which nutrients remain balanced in an intact system.
| |
| 'his>>
| |
| study had three primary objectives, The first was to estimate the total number of heterotrophic bacteria present in the sediments of the canal system. Secondly, a representative sample of the, bacterial isolates was characterized and grouped taxonomical.ly to determine the diversity of the bacterial population present. The third objective in-volved testing isolates for their ability to utilize various substrates.
| |
| These substrates included representative members from the three major classes of organic macromolecules (protein, carbohydrate, lipid) which are probably present in the canal system due to the death and lysis of larger organisms. Other smaller organic substrates as well as inorganic molecules involved in the nitrogen cycle were also tested for substrate utilization.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| Materials and Methods Sam le collection for'bacterial anal'sis Sediment samples were collected monthly with a gravity-type core sampler (l<ildco Supply Company) at eight stations within the canal system and three stations in Biscayne Bay (Figure III.D.2-1). A sample of the top 2 cm of sedi-ment from each station was placed in a sterile container, cooled to 4
| |
| 4'C in an ice chest, and shipped to the laboratory for analysis.
| |
| Estimation of total number of heterotro hic bacteria -- Immedi-ately after arriving in the laboratory, a known weight of each sediment sample was added to 99 ml of 3% NaC1, the mixture was shaken, and a serial dilution was made. From appropriate dilutions, a most-probable-number (MPN) analysis (APHA, 1976) was performed by using O.l-ml inocu-lations into triplicate tubes of broth containing 3/ trypticase-soy-broth plus 0.1X yeast extract in artificial seawater (TSB/YE/SM). The inocu-lated tubes were incubated at 2F C and checked for growth at intervals for 10 days.'he results are reported as the most probable number of bacteria per gram of wet weight sediment.
| |
| Estimation of the number of sulfate-reducin bacteria -- A known weight of each sediment sample was placed in a dilution bottle contain-ing 99 ml of 3% NaC1 and shaken. A 1.0-ml aliquot was withdrawn and added to 9.0 ml of API sulfate-reducing agar which was kept in a liquid state at 4F C. Appropriate serial dilutions were then made wi th liquid API sulfate-reducing agar. After rapid solidification of the agar, the D. 2-2
| |
| | |
| l I
| |
| | |
| tubes were incubated at 25'C for 2 weeks and checked at intervals for the formation of black colonies which indicate sulfate-reducing bacteria.
| |
| The'esults are reported as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria per gram of wet weight sediment.
| |
| Characterization of bacterial isolates -- A O.l-ml inoculum was taken from an appropriate dilution of a sample from each station and streaked onto an agar plate (TSB/YE/SW), The plates were incubated at 25' for 3 to 5 days and observed for growth of bacterial colonies, Three colonies (isolates) were randomly selected from each plate to be characterized.
| |
| The isolates were grouped taxonomically according to the results of the following observations and procedures as described by Shewan (1963):
| |
| : 1. gram stain
| |
| : 2. cell morphology
| |
| : 3. oxidase test
| |
| : 4. motility test
| |
| : 5. colony appearance
| |
| : 6. dissimilation of carbohydrate (Hugh and Leifson, (1953)
| |
| : 7. sensitivity to pencillin
| |
| : 8. sensitivity to 0/129 (Collier et al., 1950)
| |
| D. 2-3
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| Except where noted, these procedures were performed as described by the Society of American Bacteriologists (1957). All growth media were prepared with artificial seawater (SH) which contained the following components per 1000 ml of distilled water:
| |
| NaCl - 24.0 g MgC12 6Hz0 - 5.3 g
| |
| - 7.0 KC1; MgSOq.7Hz0 0.7 g
| |
| g Utilization of various substrates -- Each isolate was tested as outlined in Table II.I.D.2-1 to ascertain the potential of the isolate to utilize various groups of substrates. The methodology used was that provided by the manufacturer of the product (BBL, 1968} or that found in the aanual of'icrobiological Methods (Society of American Bacteriologists, 1957). All media were prepared with artificial sea-water.
| |
| Chemical anal sis -- Samples containing a combination of water and sediment were taken monthly at the same canal and bay stations as the bacteriological samples. These samples were collected in 1-liter screwcap polypropylene bottles, placed in an ice chest and kept at 4' until analyzed. Samples collected by this procedure were homogenized and filtered and then analyzed for soluble ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, and sulfate.
| |
| D. 2-4
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| Water samples to be analyzed for the presence of sulfite and sul-fide were collected in 250-ml scr ewcap polyethylene bottles containing 0.5 ml of zinc acetate (2N). Because these chemicals are susceptibl.e to oxidation, the bottles were filled to overflowing when collected to avoid excessive exposure to oxygen contained in an airspace. These samples were also kept at 4''ut analyzed without filtration due to the deleterious effects of oxygenation.
| |
| Sediment samples were also collected at the same canal and bay stations for analysis of total sulfide contact. These samples were placed in 50-ml sterile polypropylene tubes, tightly capped, and kept at 4' until analyzed. A portion of each of these samples was acidified to convert insoluble sulfides to HzS, which was then distilled into a trapping solution of zinc acetate and analyzed by spectrophotometric methods.
| |
| Standard analytical methods (Table III.D.2-2) were used to perform the preceding chemical analyses. Prior to May 1977 analysis of the chemical parameters sulfate, sulfite, and sulfide was performed by Dunn Laboratories. After April all chemical analyses were performed by Applied Biology,. Inc.
| |
| The pH of sediment samples diluted 1:3 with distilled water was measured with a standard Corning pH meter (Model 10). Samples D.2-5
| |
| | |
| 1 1
| |
| I
| |
| 't I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| for salinity determinations were transported to the laboratory and measured with a refractometer. Values of conductivity for each sta-'ion were measured with a YSI Model 33 salinity-conductivity-temperature meter as well as calculated from salinity and temperature measurements according to tables published in marine chemistry (Horne, 1969).
| |
| Results and Discussion
| |
| 'Table III.D.2-3 shows the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria per gram of wet weight soil at the 11 sampling stations as estimated by the MPN analysis using'TSB/YE/SW as a growth medium. Mean values are given for the three stations in the bay as well as for the eight stations within the canal system on a monthly and 12-month basis. The 12-month average bacterial count for the canal stations was approxi-mately threefold greater than the mean value for Biscayne Bay. Table III.D.2-4 shows a similar distribution of heterotrophic bacteria when estimated by the MPN method using distilled water instead of artificial seawater to prepare the growth medium (TSB/YE/DW). A comparison of the 12-month averages between bay and canal stations indicates that differences in the number of heterotrophic, bacteria between the two locations are similar with either medium. Figure III.D.2-2'graph-ically, illustrates these relationships. With growth media prepared with either artificial se'awater or distilled water, bacterial counts are higher in the canal sediments than in the Biscayne Bay sediments.
| |
| Bacterial counts are also significantly higher when estimated using artificial seawater rather than distilled water in the growth medium.
| |
| D.2-6
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| -This indicates that marine bacteria are the predominate type of organism present in both the canal and Bi scayne Bay sediments; The reduction of sulfate is a key reaction in the sulfur cycle and can be accomplished by two general processes. The first is assimilatory sulfate reduction which can be performed by many bacteria and other larger organisms. The purpose of this assimilatory process is to reduce sulfate to sulfite, or sulfide in order to incorporate it into a molecule used as a building block, such as a sulfo-lipid or a sulfur-c'ontaining amino acid. This process produces very little ex-cess sulfide. The second type of reduction is termed dissimi latory sulfate reduction and is common only to a very limited group of bac-teria. These bacteria are called sulfate-reducing bacteria and are limited to two genera, result'ovibrio and aesulfotomaculum. They are strict anaerobes and use sulfate (SO>=) as the terminal electron acceptor in respiration. Sulfate is reduced to the level of sulfide (S ) which is released in copious amounts as hydrogen sulfide gas.
| |
| ll Table III.D.2-5 shows the distribution of sulfate-reducing bac-teria per gram of wet weight soil at the ll sampling stations. No significant difference was observed in numbers of sul fate-reducing bacteria between the overall average of the canal stations and the average for the Biscayne Bay stations.
| |
| D.2-7
| |
| | |
| I The bacterial isolates selected for taxonomic identification were characterized according to the procedures listed in the Materials and Methods section. Table III.D.2-6 shows a distribution of the isolates divided into four groups. Organisms which were found to be gram nega-tive rods were grouped according to a scheme put forth by Shewan (1963}.
| |
| Group I, which contains species of pseudomonas, Aeronnnas, vibrio, and znnehomonas, are characterized as oxidase posi tive, gram negative motile rods. Group II are gram negative, non-motile rods that are non-pigmented; these are either Achromobacter or ~zcazieenes . Group III contain rzavo-bac~er and cw<ouP<9'< which are gram negative, non-motile rods that are pigmented, and Group IV are gram positive rods.
| |
| Group I, which contains the mobile gram negative rods, and Group IV, which contains the gram positive rods, are the predominate groups in both the canal and Siscayne Bay sediments. Based on the preceding taxonomic groupings, the distribution of bacterial types in the canal sediments is very similar to that in the Biscayne Bay sediments.
| |
| The substrate utilization tests indicated that the bacterial isolates were capable of degrading a wide range of organic substrates. The monthly and 12-month average percentages of bacterial isolates from the canal and Biscayne Bay stations capable of utilizing the substrates tested are pre-sented in 'Tables III.D.2-7 through III.D.2-11.
| |
| D. 2-8
| |
| | |
| I l
| |
| Jl
| |
| | |
| Table III.D.2-7 lists the monthly percentage of bacterial isolates capable of hydrolyzing casein, a common milk protein. Proteins are hydro-lyzed to polypeptides and then further degraded to amino acids, which then can be deaminated to produce ammonia and various organic acids. The or-ganic acids can be used as substrates for other bacteria as either building blocks for growth or as energy sources in oxidation or fermentation reac-tions. The ammonia can enter the nitrogen cycle and be oxidized to produce nitrites and nitrates by the nifrifying bacteria witrobacter and Nitroso-m nas. These two genera are strict aerobes and chemoautotrophic, so they cannot be isolated on the heterotrophic media used in this study. The re-suits of the test which measured the ammonification of peptone (Table III.D.2-7) indicated that approximately 40% of the bacterial isolates were capable of producing aomonia from peptone and hence could start the process
| |
| 'I by which protein nitrogen becomes mineralized to nitrates.
| |
| Carbohydrates are a complex group of compounds which include such diverse macromolecules .as cellulose, starch, and chitin. Table III.D.2-8 lists the percentages of bacterial isolates capable of hydrolyzing chitin, which is a polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine. The breakdown of chitin also shunts anmonia into the nitrogen cycle and provides simple sugars as sub-strates for a number of reaction possibilities. Starch, which is a macro-molecule used almost universally as an energy storage product, was degraded by 58.0% of the canal isolates and 60.2% of the bay isolates (Table III.D.2-8).
| |
| D.2-9
| |
| | |
| l Cellobiose is the repeating disaccharide unit of cellulose. Like cellulose it contains the B(1-4) glycosidic linkage which makes cellulose resistant to digestion by most organisms. Table III.0.2-8 lists the percentages of canal and bay isolates capable of fermenting cellobiose, The breakdown products of the complex carbohydrates are simple sugars such as the monosaccharides, glucose and mannitol, and the di-saccharides, saccharose and lactose. These simple carbohydrates can be further degraded to provide energy and smaller molecules used as building blocks by many bacteria. Table 'III.0.2-9 shows the percentage of both the canal and bay isolates capable of metabolizing four simple sugars.
| |
| Glucose is utilized most frequently, with mannitol and saccharose meta-bolized less frequently. Lactose is metabolized very infrequently, which indicates the scarcity of coliform organisms in the area under study.
| |
| Lipids are a varied group of macromolecules which are more resistant to degradation than proteins and carbohydrates, As shown in Table III.0.2-10, however, bacteria isolates from both the canal and bay sedi-ments are capable of lipid hydrolysis.
| |
| During bacterial metabolism, nitrate can sometimes serve as a ter-minal electron acceptor and hence be reduced to nitrite or ammonia.
| |
| Therefore, bacteria either can serve to oxidize ammonia to nitrate, as 1
| |
| previously discussed, or can use different metabolic reactions to reduce nitrate to amnonia. Table III.D.2-11 lists the percentages of bacterial isolates capable of reducing nitrates to nitrites.
| |
| : 0. 2-10
| |
| | |
| I l
| |
| | |
| As with the distribution of taxonomic groups, the bacterial isolates from the Turkey Point canal sediments are very similar, with respect to their capability of substrate utilization, to the isolates from the Biscayne Bay sediments.
| |
| The results of the chemical analyses of the Turkey Point canal system from January 1977 through December 1977 are given in Tables III.D.2-12 through III.D.2-19, The pH's of the canal and Biscayne Bay sediments for 1977 appear in Table III.D.2-20. As expected, they are in the narrow range usually encountered in the strongly buffered seawater environment.
| |
| The results of salinity and temperature measurements are "given in Tables III.D.2-21 and III.D.2-22, respectively. The values for salinity are higher in the canal system than in the bay with signi-ficant seasonal variations probably due to rainfall conditions. Con-ductivity values are presented in Table III.D.2-23. Because conduc-tivity is a function of both ionic concentration and temperature, the highest conductivity values are found at the warmest stations in the canal system.
| |
| D.2-11
| |
| | |
| l' Conclusions Sediment samples from stations in the Turkey Point canal system and Biscayne Bay were analyzed for the presence of bacteria responsible for nutrient turnover of organic materials.
| |
| Heterotrophic bacteria counts were higher in the Turkey Point canals than in the Biscayne Bay sediments; however, samples from both locations contained simil.ar taxonomically grouped populations that could degrade a variety of'common organic substrates. The number of heterotrophic microorganisms estimated by Bader and Roessler (1971) in sediments of Card Sound is of the same order of magnitude as the number of heterotrophic bacteria measured in the present study from sediments in Biscayne Bay. A more comprehensive, comparison of the University of Miami study with the present studies is not possible because the bacteriological work presented in the Miami report is quite limited and methodologies are different from those employed by Applied Biology.
| |
| There was no increase in either the numbers of sulfate-reducing bacteria or concentration of sulfide in the canal system as compared to the Biscayne Bay control stations. An increase in sulfate-reducing bacteria and subsequent hydrogen sulfide production could be damaging to other biological processes, but no evidence of such increases was found.
| |
| 0.2-12
| |
| | |
| During the January through December 1977 time period, concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated sodium hydroxide were added to Lake Warren at a rate approaching 100,000 pounds, per month. Hydrated lime was also added at an average rate of 25,000 pounds per month. Although these chemicals are either very alkaline or acidic in pH, when added in a balanced fashion, as described above, the overall pH of Lake Warren was not affected; it remained in the normal range expected of seawater.
| |
| This is documented both by pH data on the water column taken daily in Lake Warren and the sediment pH data collected monthly by Applied Biology at eight stations within the cooling canal system.
| |
| The pH in both instances remained very close to 8.0, which is considered normal for seawater.
| |
| When sulfuric acid dissolves in water, the soluble anionic species liberated is the sulfate ion. A calculation was made to determine if the amount of sulfuric acid discharged into'ake Warren was responsible for an elevation in sulfate concentration in the canal system waters. The results indicated that the effect of the added sulfuric acid on the sulfate ion concentration in tHe overall canal system would be negligible when compared to the concentration normally, found in seawater.
| |
| A similar calculation was made concerning the effect of all D.2-13
| |
| | |
| 1' discharged chemicals on the salinity of the canal water. Again, the effect was found to be very small.
| |
| Chemical analyses performed by Applied Biology, Inc., from January through December 1977 indicated that the soluble sulfate ion concentration and the salinity of the cooling canal system were approximately 24K higher than adjacent Biscayne Bay sampling stations. This large differential is due in part to'reshwater runoff into Biscayne Bay which reduces salinity and sulfate concentrations to values below those of normal seawater. The" average yearly salinity of the eight sampling stations inside th' Turkey Point canal system was 38.3, which is only about 10/
| |
| higher than normal seawater salinities of approximately 35.0.
| |
| This 10K increase is probably attributable to evaporation processes occurring in a closed water system that serves to concentrate ions already present in the source water.
| |
| D. 2-14
| |
| | |
| LITERATURE CITED APHA. 1976. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 14th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D. C. 1193 pp.
| |
| Bader, R.B., and M.A. Roessler, principal investigators. 1971. An ecological study of south Biscayne Bay and Card Sound. Prog.
| |
| Rept. to U.S. AEC [AT (40-1) - 3801-3] and Fla. Power & Light Co. Rosenstiel School of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, FL.
| |
| BBL. 1968. BBL manual of products and laboratory procedures, 5th ed.
| |
| BBL, Division of Becton, Dickinson and Company, Cockeysvi lie, Md. 211 pp.
| |
| Campbell, L. L., Jr. and 0. B. Williams. 1951. A study of chitin-decomposing microorganisms of marine origin. J. Gen. Microbiol.
| |
| 5:894-905.
| |
| Collier, H. 0. J., N. R. Campbell and M. E. H. Fitzgerald. 1950.
| |
| Vibriostatic activity in certain series of pteridines. Nature 165(4208):1004-1005.
| |
| Horne, R. A. 1969. Marine chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. p. 487.
| |
| Hugh, R. and E. Leifson. 1953. The taxonomic significance of fermenta-tive versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various gram-negative bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 66:24-26.
| |
| Shewan, J. M. 1963. The differentiation of certain genera of gram negative bacteria frequently- encountered in marine environments.
| |
| Pages 449-521 in Symposium on marine microbiology. C. D. Thomas, Springfield, Ill.
| |
| Society of American Bacteriologists. 1957. Manual of microbiological methods. McGraw-Hill, New York.
| |
| Strickland, J. D., and T. R. Parsons. 1972. A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fish Res. Bd. Canad. Ottawa, Bulletin No. 167. 310 pp.
| |
| D.2-15
| |
| | |
| I l
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| ADDITIONAL SOURCES Fincher, E. L., project director. 1975. Ecological studies of a sub-tropical terrestrial biome: microbial ecology. Annual report to Florida Power 8 Light Company. Ga. Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, Ga.
| |
| Rheinheimer, G. 1974. Aquatic microbiology. John Wiley 8 Sons, London.
| |
| Stevenson, L. H., and R. R. Colwell. 1973. Estuarine microbial ecology.
| |
| Univ. of South Carolina Press, Columbia, S. C.
| |
| D.2-16
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| R C.O W6.2 l
| |
| l: BISCAYNE W18.2 ~
| |
| , ~
| |
| lp BAY I~
| |
| g
| |
| /o'-
| |
| ~ ~
| |
| i~
| |
| WF.2 (0 E3.2 RC.2 geo 0 RF.3 FLORIDA POWER 4 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANT HI CROBIOLOGY SANPL ING STATIONS APPLCO ~ lOLOCT, INC.
| |
| FI ure III.0.2-1
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| 180
| |
| ~
| |
| n 0 Turkey Point Canal n 81aeayne Bay TSB/TE/SU TSB/TE/SN 0 ey Turtey Point Canal TSB/TE/Sl o--~ Blatayne Bay TSB/TE/OM 140 C>
| |
| 120 CC 1 I
| |
| EO 80 O
| |
| n.
| |
| (
| |
| 80 20 JAN FEB NAR APR NAY JUN JUL AU6 SEP OCT NOT OEC 1971 Figure III.D.2-2. Comparison of 1977 bacterial counts between Turkey Point canal and Biscayne Bay sediments with two types of media.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-1 TESTS FOR DETERMINATION OF SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION TURKEY POINT PLANT Test Medium Casein Hydrolysis (1) Prepare TSA/YE/SW plates con-taining 1% instant nonfat dry milk (2) Streak plates with inoculum and incubate for 5 days (3) for clearing of the
| |
| 'bserve medium around the bacterial growth which is indicative ot casein hydrolysis Chitin Hydrolysis (1) Prepare medium by adding (Campbell et al., 1951:) several flakes of purified chitin to 5 ml of artificial seawater (2) Inoculate and incubate at 25'C for 2 weeks (3) Test for ammonia produced from the hydrolysis of chitin by adding Nessl ers reagent to the culture Starch Hydrolysis (1) Prepare TSA/YE/SW plates containing 0.55 soluble starch (2) Streak plates with the inoculum and incubate for 5 days at 25'C (3) Test for starch hydrolysis by flooding with an iodine solution (Iodine, 3 g; KI, 6 g; HqO, 400 ml). A deep blue color indicates the presence of starch and therefore starch hydrolysis is indicated by a clear zone around the bacterial growth Lipid Hydrolysis (1) Prepare Difco spirit blue agar plates with artificial seawater and Difco 1:ipase reagent (2) Streak plates with the inoculum and incubate for 5 days at 25'C (3) Observe for a dark blue color beneath the bacterial growth as well as clearing of the lipid D.2-19 emulsion. Both changes indicate lipid hydrolysis
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-1 (continued)
| |
| TESTS FOR DETERMINATION OF SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION TURKEY POINT PLANT Test Medium Amonification of (1) Prepare 1'A Bacto-peptone (Difco)
| |
| Peptone with artificial seawater and dispense into tubes (2) Inoculate tubes and incubate at 25'C for 5 days (3) Test for ammonia production by addition of Nessler's reagent to the culture Nitrate Reduction (1) Prepare Indole-nitrite medium (Difco) with artificial seawater and dispense into tubes (2) Inoculate tubes and incubate at 25'C for 5 days (3) Test for nitrate reduction by adding one ml of sulfanilic acid solution followed by one ml of alpha-naphylamine solution.
| |
| A red color within 1-2 min indicates the presence of nitrite and therefore posi tive for nitrate reduction. If no red color appears, add zinc metal to check for the presence of nitrate. Zinc will,chemically reduce nitrate and hence a red color will appear.
| |
| Carbohydrate Fermentation (1) Prepare phenol red broth (Difco) with artificial seawater and 0.5%
| |
| of the carbohydrate to be tested (2) Inoculate tubes and incubate for 2 days at 25'C and observe for fermentation denoted by a change in color from red to yellow D.2-20
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-2 METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND WATER TURKEY POINT PLANT Parameter Method Reference Ammonia-nitrogen spectrophotometric Strickland and Parsons, (phenol-hypochlorite) 1972, p. 87 Nitrate-nitrogen (1) spectrophotometric (Brucine) APHA, 1976, p. 427 (2) cadmi,um reductiona APHA, 1976, p. 423 Nitrite-nitrogen spectrophotometric APHA, 1976, p. 434 (diazoti zation)
| |
| Orthophosphate spectrophotometric APHA, 1976, p. 481 (ascorbic acid)
| |
| Sulfate tubidimetric APHA, 1976, p. 493 (barium sulfate)
| |
| Sulfite ti trimetri c APHA, 1976, p. 509 (iodide-iodate) sulfide spectrophotometric Strickland and Parsons, (p-phenylenediamine) 1972, p. 41 This method used after March 1977.
| |
| D. 2-21
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.O.2-3 HOST PROBABLE NUHBER OF BACTERIA (xl0-4) PER GRAN OF MET WEIGHT SOIL GROWTH IIEOIUH-TSB/YE/SW TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-OECEtSER 1977 Station ocation and number 8 sca ne Ba Tur e Po nt Cana S stem
| |
| $ >nth 2 3 zan M6.2 W 8.2 WF.2 .3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O Yean 7.05 6.82 2.27 5.38 436 224 80.0 3.19 8.11 17.9 85.1 8. Il 107.8 FEB 6.94 7.96 12.5 9.13 29.4 8.96 4.34 21.4 8.60 37.5 97.8 31.9 30.0 37.5 14.3 73.0 41.6 212 76.7 7.68 203 461 444 82.1 85.2 196.4 APR 3.65 6.62 3.48 4.58 90.2 16.9 18.2 18.2 220 470 522 211 =
| |
| 195.8 4.04 2.34 7.17 4.52 220 41.2 4.70 30.0 37.5 24.5 16.6 18.6 49.1 JUN 3.04 0.579 3.54 2.38 17.2 43.6 8.60 46.2 88.5 83.6 47.1 220 69.4 JUL 5.65 61.3 64 8 43.9 40.0 39.3 254 172 75.4 16.0 23.8 375 124 AUG 153 68.7 14.1 78.6 25.0 115 70.7 196 79.3 7.05 70.8 7.17 71.4 SEP 60.5 6.42 12.4 26.4 76.7 41.3 93.9 73.0 8.78 6.94 16.3 16.3 41.7 OCT 32.9 32.9 65.7 43.8 76.6 79.3 37.5 38.1 76.7 74.2 429 4.11 102 NOV 69.7 64.8 30.4 55.0 78.0 79.3 40.0 41.3 41.4 42.1 40.7 26.3 48.8 DEC 63.8 14.3 5.89 28.0 186 36.2 3.77 42.1 38.1 15.2 36.9 33.3 48.9 12-month Average 37.3 23.9 24.6 28.6 124 66.8 60.0 73. 7 95. 103 1 122.5 86.4 90.4
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I Ii I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.0.2-4 MOST PROBABLE NUHBER OF BACTERIA (x10-") PER GRAM OF WET MEIGHT SOIL GROMTH HEDIUH-TSB/YE/OW TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY- OECEHBER 1977 Station ocation and nurser Bisca ne Ba Tur e Point Cana stem anth 2 3 zan i'6.2 W 8.2 WF.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O Yean JAN 1.47 2.22 1.36 43.6 18.9 48.0 3.19 17.5 1.73 1.66 8.11 12.3 FEB 3.71 1.67 2.33 2.57 4.51 4.79 8.11 16.6 1.80 4.11 4.89 8.29 6.63 14.5 14.4 14.8 14. 6 4.40 40.0 7.70 85.1 17.9 2.70 4.10 17.2 22.4 APR 0.476 0.462 0.454 0.464 14.7 1.64 4.50 18.2 15.0 2.94 239 4.42 33.7 4.04 2.34 3.54 3.31 17.9 8.43 4.69 18.6 5.75 1.84 4.11 3.00 8.04 JUN 0.434 0.434 0.461 0.443 4.26 7.82 18.6 18.6 17.9 1.64 4.51 44.4 14.7 JUL 0.579 0.533 6.06 2.39 7.17 24.5 , 186 71.9 *
| |
| '.77 1-55 3.65 37.5 42.0 AUG 63.9 2.24 3.48 23.2 15.5 36.9 6.62 42.9 7.41 2.46 3.23 3.50 14.8 SEP 12.2 1.34 5.73 6.42 7.17 7.68 8.78 38.1 1.84 6.94 7.54 6.84 10.6 OCT 1.23 2.05 0.571 1.28 3.83 1.55 14.5 175 40.0 3.71 7.68 4.11 31.3 NOV 3.48 3.23 6.23 4.31 7.28 16.0 40.0 79.3 16.0 7.54 7.28 7.54 22.6 DEC 3.19 6.62 0.548 3.45 0.678 7.41 7.05 16.3 3.65 3.77 14.3 1.04 7.94
| |
| '2-month average 9. 10 3. 13 3.80 5.34 10.9 14.6 29.6 48.6 6.06 3.41 25.1 12. 1 19.7
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| .I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-5
| |
| , NUMBER OF SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA PER GRAM OF WET WEIGHT SOIL TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY- DECEMBER 1977 Stat on ocat1cn and number sca ne Ba Tur e oint Cana S stem Month 2 3 an W .2 W 8 2 W .2 .3 E3.2 C.2 RC.O Mean 180 952 758 630 909 1020 200 < 23 113 961 93 943 532 FEB 806 93 83 327 196 105 94 <18 1000 8928 1064 1064 1558 781 77 95 317 962 89 <19 961 2777 892 926 838 APR 793 77 758 543 980 91 98 98 100 . 980 1087 9615 1631 88 781 77 315 961 980 98 100 125 1020 902 1000 648 JUN 725 7246 769 2913 130 91 961 96 961 9090 9800 926 2756 JULY 7246 67 70 2461 83 82 847
| |
| " 78 82 86 79 781 265 AUG 694 7463 76 2744 <17 77 77 89 862 82 769 833 350 SEP 66 746 67 293 83 86 102 79 102 806 175 88 190 OCT 6&5 685 714 695 8333 86 78 7936 833 161 893 89 2301 NOV 76 70 72 73 85 86 83 86 172 877 85 88 195 DEC 69 69 685 274 85 862 82 79 820 769 69 357 12-month Average 736 . 1526 421 965 1068 304 234 726 449 2212 '1383 1868 969
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I.
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-6 TAXONOMIC GROUPING OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977.
| |
| Percenta e Distribution B Month Jan Canal Ba Canal Feb Ba Canal Ba
| |
| ~A Canal Ba Canal Ba Canal Ba Group I 45.8 33.0 54.2 22.2 62.5 77.8 33.3 22.2 54.2 22.2 33.3 11.1 pseudomonas aeromonas vibrio xanthomonas Group II 0 0 4.2 0 4.2 0 4.2 0 42 111 0 0 achromobacter alcaligenes Group III 0 0 4.1 44. 5 0 0 16.6 44.5 4.2 22.2 16.7 44.5 flavobacter cytophaga Group IV 54.2 66.7 37.5 33.3 33.3 22.2 45.8 33.3 41.7 44.4 50.0 44.4 gram positive rods
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| .I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-6 (continued)*
| |
| TAXONOMIC GROUPING OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Percenta e Distribution B Month 12-month JUL AUG SE C avera e Canal Ba Canal Ba Canal Ba Canal Ba Canal Ba Canal Ba Group I 16.6 77 ' 25.0 33.0 0 22.2 16.7 22.2 12.5 0 4.2 0 29.8 28.6 pseudomonas aeromonas vibrio xanthomonas Group II 20 8 11 1 8 3 0 8.'3 0 12. 5 11.1 0 0 42 0 56 28 achromobacter alcaligenes Group III 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22.2 0 0 0 0 3.5 14.9 flavobacter cytophaga Group IV 62.6 11.1 66.7 66.7 91.7 77.8 70.8 44.4 87.5 100 91.6 100 61.1 53.7 gram positive rods
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-7 PROTEIN UTILIZATION TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 onificatson of e tone H drol sis of casein Month Ba Canal Ba Canal JAN 50.0 55.6 62.5 FEB 44.4 37.5 66 ' 50.0 55.6 45.8 66.7 54.2 APR 11.1 37.5 22,2 50.0 MAY 44.4 54.2 44.4 66.7 JUN 11.1 29.2 22.2 50.0 JUL 77.8 41.7- 77.8 41.7 AUG 77.8" 66.7 77.8 66.7 SEP 44,4 58.3 77.8 66.7 OCT 66.7 50.0 66.7 66.7 NOV 11.1 25.0 100 87.5 DEC 11.1 16.7 77.8 91.7
| |
| -lllon average 40.7 42.7 63.0 62.9 D. 2-27
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-8 CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Starch h drol sis Chitin h drol sis Cellobiose fermentation Month Ba Canal Ba Canal. Ba Canal JAN 55.6 70.8 22.2 37.5 22.2 25.0 FEB 66.7 66.7 33.3 25. 0 22.2 29.2 MAR, 66.7. 70.8 55.6 41.7 44.4 29.2 APR 22.2 29.2 22.2 25.0 20.8:
| |
| MAY 55.6 50.0 33.3 33.3 55.6 33.3 JUN 44.4 37.5 0.0 29.2 33.3 33.3 JUL 66.7 45;8 66.7 29.2 77.8 16.7 AUG 100 70.8 22.2 16.7 77.8 29.2 SEP 44.4 79.2 0.0 0.0 12.5 OCT 55.6 41.7 8.4 55.6 20.8 NOV 66.7 62.5 0.0 12.5 8.3 DEC 77.8 70.8 0.0 4.3 44.4 12.5 12-month avera e 60.2 58.0 23.2 22.0 38.0 22.6 D.2-28
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-9 CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Glucose Sacc arose l1annstol Lactose N h JAN 77.8 87.5 66.7 79.2 77.8 66.7 0.0 0.0 FEB 66.7 66.7 66.7 58.3 33.3 41.7 22.2 4.2 MAR 88.9 75.0 88.9 58.3 77.8 50.0 0.0 4.2 APR 55.6 58.3 55.6 41.7 55.6 33.3 22.2 4.2 MAY 55.6 54.2 55.6 50.0 44.4 33.3 0.0 20.8 JUN 44.4 41.7 33.3 25.0 44.4 29.2 0.0 0.0 JUL 100 45.8 77.8 25.0 88.9 8.3 0.0 0.0 AUG 100 83.3 88.9 45.8 88.9 54.2 11.1 0.0 SEP 77.8 91.7 55.6- 75.0 55.6 58.3 0.0 4' OCT 55.6 66.7 55.6 45.8 .
| |
| 55.6 41.7 11.1 0.0 NOV 88.9 58.3 88.9 37.5 88.9 20.8 11.1 0.0 DEC 100 86.8 100 54.1 100 66.7 0.0 4.2 12-month avera e75.9 68.0 69.5 50 0 6 6 420 56 35 D.2-29
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-10 LIPID UTILIZATION TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Li id H drol sis Month Ba Canal JAN 33.3 41.7 FEB 55.6 29.2 77.8 50.0 APR 22. 2 25.0 MAY 37.5 66.6'3.3 JUN 37.5 JUL 44.4 16.7 AUG 55.6 58.3 SEP 55.6 29.2 OCT 22.2 12.5 NOV 22.2 37.5 DEC 22.2 45.8 12-month avera e 42.6 35.2 D. 2-30
| |
| | |
| I I'
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-11 NITRATE METABOLISM TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Reduction of nitrates Month Ba Canal JAN 22. 2 33.3 FEB 22.2 41.7 55.6 50.0 APR 22.2 70.8 44.4 58.3 JUN 0.0 45.8 JUL 44.4 33.3 AUG 33.3 25.0 SEP 33.3 20.8 OCT 33.3 62.5 NOV 0.0 33.3 DEC 0.0 16.7 12-month avera e 25.9 40.9 D. 2-31
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-12 ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE AMMONIA (ppm)
| |
| TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station .
| |
| Month Mean of 3 controls F.l H18.2 W6.2 WF.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN 0.06 0.56 0.11 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.11 FEB <0.01 0.038 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.16 0.06 MAR 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.07 APR <0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.04 JUN 0.39 0.48 0.63 0.37 0.57 0.55 0.23 0.81 0.34 JUL 0.36 0.54 0.49 0.41 0.43 0.17 0.83 0.35 0.50 AUG 0. 30 0.30 0.27 0.36 0.21 0.32 0.31 0.09 0.08 SEP 0.52 0.53 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.44 0.27 0.98 0.81 OCT 0. 27 0. 29 0. 43 0. 21 0. 29 0. 38 0. 2'7 0. 52 0. 57 NOV 0.69 0.30 0.49 0.40 0.70 0.25 0.64 0.91 0.60 DEC 0.25 0.41 0.13 0.38 0.42 0.51 0.32 0.49 0.67
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| ~
| |
| I l
| |
| 1 I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| M W W M M M W SS W M TABLE III.D.2-13 ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE NITRATE (ppm)
| |
| TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Month Mean of 3 controls F.l '18.2 W6.2 WF.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.0 JAN 0.05 0.25 0.19 . 0.25 0.29 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 FEB . 0.04 0.30 0.46 0.27 0.39 0.27 '.20 0.23 0.25 MAR 0.08 0.17 0.19 0.14 0.25 0;19 0.24 0.20 0.23 C7 APR 0.007 0.034 0.036 0.020 0.042 0.030 0.014 0.026 0.032 I
| |
| CA 0.240 0.288 0".296 0.256 0.243 0.292 0.263 0.270 0.304 JUN 0.075 0.180 0.122 0.160 0.118 0.146 0.180 0.238 0.150 JUL 0.091 0.139 0.160 0.109 0.097 0.080 0.087 0.135 0.138 AUG 0.080 0.100 0.075 0.079 0.089 0.077 0-083 0.072 0.083 SEP 0.131 0.062 0.061 0.076 0.095 0.095 0.081 0.101 0.090 OCT 0.152 0.131 0-093 0.134 0.104 0.112 0.119 0.142 0.062 NOV 0.091 0.106 0.193 0.109 0.086 0.119 0.076 0.097 0.093 DEC 0.021 0.265 0.262 0.228 0.192 0.235 0.236 0.164 0.201
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-14 ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE NITRATE (ppm)
| |
| TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station Month Mean of 3 controls F.l H18.2 W6.2 WF.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.0 JAN <0.001 0.010 0.008 , 0.006 0.006 0.006 '.008 0.006 0.004 FEB 0.003 0.008 0.014 0.011 0.009 0:009 0.007 0.008 0.008 MAR 0.001 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.008 APR <0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.017 0.016 0.011 JUN 0.001 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.002 0.012 0.007 JUL 0.001 '.004 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.002 <0.001 0.006 0.005 AUG 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.003 0 004 F 0.004 0.003 SEP 0.007 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.004 OCT 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.004 NOV 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.007 0.003 0.009 DEC 0.001 0.008 0.008 0.010 <0.001 0.008 0-020 0.001 0.010
| |
| | |
| I TABLE I II. D.2-15 ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE ORTHOPHOSPHATE (ppm)
| |
| TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station Month Mean of 3 controls F.l 'W18.2 W6.2 WF.2 RF..3 '3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN 0.04 0.09 0.02 <0.01 0.09 0.02 <0.01 0.12 0 '9 FEB 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 APR <0.01 <0.01 <0 01 F <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
| |
| <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 JUN <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 0.03 <0.01 0.13 0.02 JUL <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AUG <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 SEP <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.02 0.02 OCT <0.01 0.04 0.01 0.04 <0.01 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 NOV <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 DEC <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.01 0.02
| |
| | |
| I l
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-1 6 ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE SULFATE (ppm)
| |
| TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station Month Mean of 3 controls F.l H18.2 M6.2 MF.2 RF;3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN 2437 2980 2890 2920 2800 . 3030 2950 2970 3010 FEB 2040 2600 2790 2810 2710 2790 2680 2580 2800 2590 2890 3047 3023 3060 2984 3062 3018 3089 APR 3448 3527 3664 3356 3390 3476 3818 3647 3545 733 2930 2980 2850 2850 2930 2800 2750 2980 JUN 2567 2800 3050 2850 3000 3000 2850 2850 3000 JUL 2733 3075 2950 2950 2950 3150 2950 2950 3100 AUG 2250 3030 2900 3050 3140 2850 2920 2910 3120 SEP 1255 2700 2750 2690 2800 2750 2700 2510 2690 OCT 1933 3400 3400 3500 3400 3500 3400 3400 3400 NOV 1823 3220 2100 3140 3280 3240 3230 3150 3100 DEC 2000 2800 2800 2900 2900 2900 2800 2800 2800
| |
| | |
| I l
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE I II. D.2-17 ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE SULFITE (ppm)
| |
| TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station Month Mean of 3 controls F.l H18.2 H6.2 . WF.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O
| |
| <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 FEB <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 MAR <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 '<0.1 APR <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
| |
| <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 . <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 JUN <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 JUL <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AUG <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 SEP <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 OCT <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NOV <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 DEC <0.1 <0.1 <0 ~ 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1, <0.1
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-1 8 ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE SULFIDE (ppm)
| |
| TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station Month Mean of 3 controls F.l W18.2 W6.2 WF.2 RF..3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.0 JAN- <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 .<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 FEB <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0. 1
| |
| <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APR <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.06 <0.05 <0.05
| |
| <0.05 <0.05 <0.05'0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.09 <0.05 JUN <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 JUL <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.06 <0.05 <0.05 AUG <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 SEP <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 OCT <0.05 <0 '5 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 NOV <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 DEC <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 . <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-19 ANALYSIS OF INSOLUBLE SULFIDES (>9/g wet wt. soil).
| |
| TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station Month Mean of 3 controls F.l W18.2 W6.2 WF.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 FEB <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 MAR <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APR <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 2.41 0.46 1.55 <0.05 <0.05 0.68 1.06 13.94 2.56 JUN 2.87 1.65 8.77 2.55 2.86 3.20 0.44 10.30 0.31 JUL 5.6 5.6 11.6 22.9 29.5 31.5 25.9 0.71 14.2 AUG 1.0 0.8 45.9 5.3 2.1 0.8 <0.1 0.4 SEP 1.2 0.3 9.1 3.2 3.5 0.3 3.7 2.7 0.2 OCT 2.1 0.4 0.4 5.3 1.4 2.7 13..3 2.7 4.6 2.2 25.0 8.4 5.0 3.6 4.7 17.2 1.2
| |
| '.5 NOV DEC 0.8 0.1 <0.1 6.5 2.7'.2 0.2 46.0
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-20 pH OF TURKEY POINT CANAL AND BISCAYNE BAY SEDIMENTS TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station location and number Bisca n Ba Turke Point Canal S stem Month 1 2 3 F. 1 M6.2 M18.2 WF.2 RF.2 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O MAY 8.3 8.4 8.3 7.9 8.3 8.3 8.2 7.9 8.0 8 ~ 1 7.9 JUN 8.3 8.3 8.3 . 7.7 8.1 8.2 8.0 8.0 8.1 7.7 7.8 JUL 8.7 8.7 8.5 8.1 8.5 8.1 8.2 8.4 7.9 8.3 7.8 AUG 8.0 8.0 8.1 7.6 8.1 8.1 7.9 7.8 8.0 7' 7.9 SEP 8.2 8.1 8.4 7.6 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.5 OCT- 8. 3 8.4 8.3 7.8 8.1 8.1 8.0 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.5 NOV 8. 3 8.2 8.2 7.9 8.0 7.9 8.1 7.8 8.1 7' 7.4 DEC 8.3 8.1 8.1 7.8 8.1 8.0 8.1 7.7 8.0 8.0 7.4
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2- 21 SALINITY ('/,o) AT STATIONS IN TURKEY POINT CANALS AND BISCAYNE BAY TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station location and number Biscayne Ba Turke Point Canal S stem Month 1 2 3 F.l W6.2 W18.2 WF.2 RF.2 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN 30.15 30.15 30.15 36.08 36.62 36.62 36.62 36.62 37.16 36.62 37.16 FEB 29.62 29.62 26.92 37.16 37.69 37.69 37.16 37.16 37.16 37.69 37.69 MAR 32 '1 32.31 32.85 37.69 38.23 38.23 38.23 38.23 38.23 38.23 37.69 APR 30.69 30.69 30.69 54.54 42.54 42.00 42.54 42.00 42.54 42.54 42.54 MAY 26.92 26.92 26.92 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 JUN 33 '9 33.39 33.39 36.62 37.16 36.08 36.62 37.16 37.16 37.16 37. 16 JUL 35'. 54 35.54 35.54 39.85 37.16 37.69 37.69 39.85 37.69 37.16 39.85 a a AUG 40.92 40.92 40.92 40.92 40.92 40.38 40.38 40.38 SEP 30.69 30.69 30.69 37.16 37.16 37.16 37.16 37.16 37.16 37.16 37.16 OCT 23.69 23.69 23.69 41.46 41.46 41.46 42.00 41 '6 42.00 41 '6 41.46 NOV 25.0 25.0 24.9 39.2 39.5 39.5 39.4 39 ' 39.1 38.7 39.5 DEC 28.5 28,5 28.2 35.0 35.9 35.6 36.0 36.3 36.0 36.1 36.3 aSample lost in transit.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-22 TEMPERATURE ( C) AT STATIONS IN TURKEY POINT CANALS AND BISCAYNE BAY TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station location and number Bisca ne Ba . Turke Point Canal S stem Nonth 1 2 3 F.l M6.2 M18.2 MF.2 =
| |
| RF.2 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN 19.1 19.1 19.9 23.4 18 ' 19.1 19.2 14.5 11.1 15.6 17.1 FEB 21 0 21 0 21 0 30 1 19.9 20.1 20.4 17.0 13.7 . 18.6 19.1 MAR 28.0 28.0 28.3 37.4 32.3 33.9 33.5 26.9 27.1 29.0 29.5 APR 26.5 26.5 26.5 29.0 24.1 24.2 24.6 24.4 23.9 25.8 26.3 MAY 28.7 28.7 28.7 33.0 28.7 28.9 29.0 27.9 24.4 26.1 26.2 JUN 32.5 32.5 32.5 39.9 33.1 33.0 31.2 30.4 31.8 33.9 33.1 JUL 33.0 32.7 32.5 35.2 31. 2 32.0 , 30.9 29.9 30.0 31.0 30.1 AUG 29.7 29.7 29.7 36.9 31. 2 32.2 30.8 30.0 29.1 30.2 30.2 SEP 30.0 30.0 30.0 39.8 33.6 34.2 33.2 31.9 31.1 32.3 32.0 OCT 28.0 28.0 28.1 34.4 28.1 28.8 28.3 26.9 25.0 27.8 27.8 NOV 22.5 22.5 22.3 28.7 23.4 24.7 24.4 22.8 20.6 23.4 22.4 DEC 22.5 22.5 22.3 32,1 26,3 26,4 26,0 25,1 25.6 25,8= 26.3
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.D.2-23 SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY (ohm cm x 1000) AT STATIONS IN TURKEY POINT CANALS AND BISCAYNE BAY TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1977 Station location an number Biscavne Ba Turke Point Canal S stem Nonth 2 3 F.l W6.2 W18.2 WF.2 RF.2- E3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN 41.0 41.0 41.0 53.0 48.0 48.7 48.7 44.0 41.0 45.2 47.0 FEB 42.0 42.0 42.0 62.0 51.0 51.5 51.5 43.0 44.5 49.5 50.1 MAR 52.5 52.5 52.5 69.5 65.5 67.0 66.5 59.0 60.5 62.0 62.0 APR 48.5 48.5 48.5 80-0 62.0 61.5 62.0 61.5 62.0 64.0 64.5 MAY 44.5 44.5 44.5 61.5 57.3 57.5 57.5 56.0 52.5 54.3 53.5 JUN 58.5 58.5 58.5 70.5 64.5 63.0 62.8 61.7 63.4 65.4 64.5 JUL 62.0 62 ' 62.5 71.0 62.5 64.5 63.5 65.0 62.3 62.5 65.0 AUG 71.3 68.0 68.5 67.8 67.0 65.5 67.0 66.5 SEP 52.0 52.0 52.0 71.5 63.4 '63.6 63.0 62.5 62.0 62.6 62.5 OCT 39.0 39.0 39.0 73.5 66.0 66 ' 65.5 64.0 62.5 66.0 65.0 NOV 37 ' 37 ' 37.5 64.0 57,5 58,8 58.5 57.0 53,5 56.5 56,5 DEC 42-5 42.5 42.5 61.5 56.0 55 ' 56.0 55,0 55.4 55.7 56.5 Could not be calculated because samples were lost in transit.
| |
| | |
| I E. TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the status of the plant communities adjacent to the Turkey Point cooling canal system.
| |
| Potential effects of the cooling canal system on the local flora were examined.
| |
| Surface water in the Turkey Point area drains in a southeasterly direction through the littoral mangrove communities into Biscayne Bay.
| |
| Interruption of this runoff by the canal system could result in the alteration of plant communities to the west and south of the canal system.
| |
| The cooling canal system contains saline water which could potentially flow from within the system into surrounding habitats.
| |
| I The introduction of warm saline water into an area could select for euryhaline species and result in an increase in the number and diver-sity of salt-tolerant forms.
| |
| An important method of evaluating changes in a habitat is to monitor the number and diversity of plant species found there. Plant communities are good indicators 'of habitat alterations because plants are immobile and cannot avoid environmental alterations. Habitat
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| changes can, therefore, be detected by long-term monitoring of the relative abundance and density of plant species.
| |
| Many data points are required to adequately define the vegeta-tion density and composition of an area. To meet this need, a samp-ling program was devised to maintain adequate statistical power and reduce the impact of normal fluctuations present in biological popu-lations. This sampling program was begun in'974, modified in 1975, and continued in 1976 and 1977.
| |
| MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine transect lines were established so that six transects ran east-west adjacent to the western border of the canal system and three transects ran north-south adjacent to the southern border of the canal system (Figure III.E-1). The transect lines were then divided into quadrats. Eight quadrats, 5 x 5 m (25 m~), were delineated so that four quadrats lay north (or west) of the transect and four lay south (or east). Thus 72 quadrats were laid out encompassing a sample area of 1800 m~.
| |
| The two principal plant communities west of the canal system were tree islands (woody species) and grasslands (graminoid species).
| |
| Because the woody species appeared in clusters surrounded by grami n-oids, random assignment of transects would not serve to delineate species differences within these two diverse habitats. Assignment of E-2
| |
| | |
| quadrats along each transect, however, had to be random to prevent sample bias. Accordingly, each transect line was specifically selected to be representative of an area so that the first and last quadrats were selected as being either woody or graminoid. The remaining quadrat locations were a fixed distance from the predeter-mined quadrats and were thus random in relation to the habitat between the two points.
| |
| In order that meaningful comparisons might be made between woody and graminoid habitats, an index was employed which quantified the height, diameter, and density of all species sampled. Indices which allow comparisons between habitats are commonly used in botan-ical surveys. Sample index calculations for the index derived for this study can be seen in Figure III.E-2. In each quadrat, the data
| |
| )
| |
| collected resulted in a volume-density index for each dominant plant species. A plant volume measurement was taken and summed within each quadrat. guadrats located opposite each other along the transects were averaged into four quadrat means and used in analysis of variance.
| |
| The borrow canal L-31 lies just west of the Turkey Point canal system. Because much of the vegetation being sampled lay between an active drainage canal and the Turkey Point canal system, suitable control quadrats had to be located outside the influence of both systems. To prevent potential confounding effects of the South Florida Flood Control District system, control quadrats for all east-west transects were located west of the L-31 canal.
| |
| E-3
| |
| | |
| I 1
| |
| 1 I,
| |
| | |
| The statistical design was a completely randomized factorial analysis which examined the volume-density variables of two factors:
| |
| variance between transects, and variance between quadrats within each transect. Interaction effects between quadrats and transects were also examined. The assumptions for random factorial analyses that were met included the following:
| |
| : a. A random assignment of plant species existed within each quadrat.
| |
| : b. Homogeneity of vari ance existed wi thin each quadrat.
| |
| Soil samples from each transect were analyzed for nitrates and nitrites and the results are presented in Table III.E-1.
| |
| RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Turkey Point cooling canal system lies in several vegeta-tion zones which are characterized by saw grass and salt-tolerant grasses such as black rush and salt grass. Tree islands, comprised principally of mangrove species and buttonwoods, form discrete habi-tats which differ from the surrounding grasslands. The trees and shrubs of the tree islands are significantly taller and denser in biomass, and therefore require separate analytical techniques.
| |
| Plant S ecies at Turkey Point Fifty-six (S6) species of plants were recorded from Turkey Point. The vegetation included highly salt-tolerant species such as E-4
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| the black and red mangrove, and salt-intolerant varieties such as dog fennel and morning glory (Table III.E-2).
| |
| The transition from freshwater prairie to the saline mangrove zone occurred in a west to east direction so that all o'f the western transects were located in a similar freshwater area. The presence of red and white mangroves and buttonwood in the experimental area indi-cated that this area had probably been subject to periodic tidal flooding before the construction of Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District's levee and borrow canal L31-E.
| |
| Transects 2, 4, and 6 passed through tree islands and therefore were characterized as woody transects. The tree island flora varied with elevation but were generally characterized by cabbage palm, wax myrtle, holly, and nightshade. Buttonwood was found throughout the study area. This species, generally found in coastal areas, is toler-ant of freshwater. Sawgrass was found around the tree islands and was taller than sawgrass growing in glades areas. The amount of tree cover increased from north to south along the western transects.
| |
| Transect 6, at the'outhern end of the study area, contained well-developed high tree hammocks. Several species in these hammocks are generally intolerant of standing water.
| |
| E-5
| |
| | |
| Transects 1, 3 and 5 were largely grasslands characterized by sawgrass, salt grass, spikerush, salt rush, and cattai:ls. Various forms of tree islands and low shrub associations were scattered throughout these grasslands.
| |
| Transects 7, 8, and 9'were located along the southern end of the canal system. Transect 7 was in a transition zone from fresh to saline water. This zone contained Australian pine in higher eleva-tions. Most of the area contained wet tree islands with white mangrove and buttonwood. This area is apparently wetter or more saline than in previous years, as indicated by a number of dead cabbage palm stumps.
| |
| Cabbage palms are unable to tolerate standing water or saltwater inun-dation for extended periods of time. Transects 8 and 9 are located in a saline zone and the dominant species of the area are scrub mangrove, black rush, salt grass,'and islands of large mangrove trees.
| |
| Vegetation density-volume ratios by species, transect number, and quadrat number (Tables III.E-3 through III.E-ll) indicated differ-ences in species community make-up. Variation in the number and type of species showed no consistent pattern.
| |
| Analysis of density-volume ratios (Table III.E-12) for grass-land transects 1, 3, and 5 demonstrated no significant differences between quadrats or between transects. No interaction between the variables (quadrats x transects) was observed, E-6
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| 1 Moody transects 2, 4, and 6 (Table III.E-13) showed much the same trends. No significant differences were observed for density-volume data between transects, between quadrats, and quadrats x .
| |
| transect interactions.
| |
| The variability of the vegetation density-volume index west of the Turkey Point cooling system was slight. Variations in biolo-gical populations are normal. Analysis of variance did not re'veal significant differences in vegetative densities in plant communiites west of the Turkey Point cooling canal system. The absence of differences in the western transects suggests that the cooling system has a negligible effect on the western plant communities.
| |
| Southern transects (7, 8, and 9; Table III E-14) demonstrated differences within transects.
| |
| Tukey';s pairwise comparison test (Snedecor, 1966) was used to determine where differences in transects occurred:
| |
| SE D = Qa, df where: D = Highest Significant Difference Qa, df = 3.77 for 3 treatments and 12 degrees of freedom NSE = mean square error N = 8 E-7
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| Tukey's analysis revealed a significant difference between transects 7 and 9 (Table III.E-14). The region south of the Turkey Point cool-ing system experienced dredge and fill activity during the construc-tion of the Model Land Company canal. Therefore, alteration of vege-tative patterns was anticipated. Additionally, the southern boundary of the canal system passes through three major vegetation zones which are dominated by mangroves, black rush and salt grass, and saw grass, respectively. The cooling canal system is in no way responsible for vegetati ve distribution patterns which lie between it and the Model Land Canal.
| |
| Lon -Term Anal ses quadrat and transect data for -1975, 1976, and 1977 showed good agreement and validate the conclusions presented in reports from previous years. These conclusions, briefly stated, are that no detectable, shift in vegetation density has been observed in the areas I
| |
| west and south of the canal cooling system. Also, no shifts in dom-inant vegetative species have been observed for those same areas.
| |
| Table III.E-16 shows the similarity of the 1975-1977 data from the southern transects 7, 8, and 9. Spoil banks created by Model Land Canal construction have encouraged the invasion of the Australian pine, a fast-growing exotic species. These woody plants add dispro-portionately to the survey data.
| |
| E-8
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| An examination of the density-volume indices over three years for the woody transects 2, 4, and 6 shows little variation between transects and between quadrats (Table III.E-17). These data support the position that the cooling canals have a negligible effect upon the tree islands which lie to the west of the canal system.
| |
| Grassland data (Table III.E-18) were less consistent from year to year, as compared with the woody and southern transect data.
| |
| 'I Patchy distributions were observed and reported in 1975. These uneven density-volume data were attributed to:
| |
| : a. The decrease of black rush and red mangrove populations with distance south of Transect 1, and
| |
| : b. The greater density-volume index of saw grass east of borrow canal L-31 as compared with quadrats located west of L-31.
| |
| Examination of the grassland areas in subsequent years (1976 and 1977) has demonstrated that the 1975 data reflected irregular and patchy distribution of vegetation. A probable cause for the reduction of species density-volume ratios observed in 1977 was a killing frost of January 21, 1977. This frost damaged and killed many young red mangroves and buttonwoods which were not counted in the December 1977 survey. Absence of mangrove and buttonwoods would remove a heavily weighted component from calculation. As of this writing, no pertur-bation of the grasslands west of the canal system has been demon-strated.
| |
| E-9
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| LITERATURE CITED Snedecor, G.W. 1966. Statistica1 Methods. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa. 534 pp.
| |
| E-10
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I i'
| |
| | |
| FLORIDA POWER 8 LIGHT CONLPANY Qi TURKEY POINT PLANT LOCATION OF VEGETATION TRANSECTS AND gUADRATS 0 d
| |
| ADJACENT TO CANAL 0
| |
| COOLING SYSTEM 0 0
| |
| 0 0
| |
| APP LIED BIOLOGY, INC. 0 FIGUREII I.E-t 0 0
| |
| 0 0
| |
| 0 0
| |
| 0 0
| |
| 0 0
| |
| 0
| |
| :a 00OO agO Q3 0
| |
| 0 0
| |
| 0 0
| |
| 0 CANAL if OOOOOO A
| |
| D, C, 8, IIUAORAT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEN OOO OO0 Qs
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| camel e l. SaW graSS (CladlEun Sp.)
| |
| N ~ HE R2 CladSum indeX where: A Area of sample in meters N Number of graminoid samples H Height of grass blades in cm R = Radius of clumps in cm (gathered,'compressed, and measured at widest point).
| |
| sample values A = 1.0 N ~ 240 H = 142.2 Cl adytum Index R
| |
| ~
| |
| ma 1.59
| |
| '6 '002.'56
| |
| ~Exam le 2. MOOdy Shrub (Conocarpus) conocarpus index = NOH R~
| |
| where: N = Number of shrubs of same dimensions H Shrub height in cm R = Maximum radius of trunk sample values N= 1.0 H = 365.8 R 6.45~
| |
| Conocarpus Index (1.0)(365.8)(6.45 ) = 15,218.19 Figure III.E- 2. Examples of volume-density index calculations of a graminoid and wood plant series.
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III ~ E-1 ANALYSIS OF SOIL SAMPLES TAKEN DURING TURKEY POINT VEGETATION SURVEY, 1977 a
| |
| stra e 1tl 1te Transect ll / dl" Soil ) (p / dr soil 1 Surface 4.16 0.17 12" Depth 1.17 0.05 2 Surface 3.14 0.11 12" Depth 0.37 0.03 3 Surface 4.05 0.14 12" Depth 2. 39 0.13 4 Surface 2.85 0.08 12" Depth 2.64 0.33 5 Surface 0.33 0.02 12" Depth 0.30 0.03 6 Surface 5.26 0.23 12" Depth 1.87 0.09 I
| |
| 7 Surface 0.52 0.03 12" Depth 6.80 0.22 8 Surface 10.32 0.41 12" Depth 10.97 0.56 9 Surface 0.37 0.06 12" Depth 0.30 0.03
| |
| | |
| I g
| |
| i' g
| |
| I I
| |
| I'
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-2 PLANT SPECIES FOUND IN SAMPLING gUADRATS TURKEY POINT, 1977 Scientific Name Common Name Acrosti chum aureum Leather Fern Ardisi a escal lonoi des Marlber ry Aster SP. Aster Avi cennia germinans Black Mangrove Baccharis Sp. Groundsel Blechnum serrulatum Swamp Fern Borri chi a fructescens Sea Daisy Caki le fusiformis Sea Rocket Casuari na equi setifolia Australian Pine Cephalanthus occi dentali s Buttonbush Chiococca alba Snowberry Cladi um jamaicensis Saw Grass Conocarpus erecta Buttonwood Cyperaceae Sedge Family Dipholis salicifolia Willow Bustic Disti chi lis spicata Sal t Gr ass Eleocharis cell ulosa Spikerush Eugeni a axillari x White Sopper Eupatropi um capi llifoli um Dog Fennel Fimbristylis Sp. Sedge Foresti era segregata Florida Privet Fuirena scirpoidea Umbrella Grass Hgperi curn Sp. St. John's Wort Ilex cassine Dahoon Ipomoea saggi t tata Glades Morning Glory Jacquemonti a curti ssii Juncus roemeri anus Salt Rush Lagunculari a zacemosa White Mangrove Lantana invol ucrata Bush Lantana Magnolia vi rginiana Sweet Bay Metopi um toxi ferum Poisonwood Mikania scandens Climbing Hempweed Myrica cerifera Wax Myrtle ursine guianensis Myrs ine Passi flora subserosa Corky-stemmed Passionflower Persea borbonia Red Bay Pi nguicula pumila Butterwort Pi soni a S p. Cockspur Pl uchea purpurascens Camphorweed Polygala cruciata Mi lkwort
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-2 (continued)
| |
| PLANT SPECIES FOUND IN SAMPLING QUADRATS TURKEY POINT, 1977 Scientific Name Common Name proserpinaca sp. Mermaid Weed Randia aculeata White Indigo Berry Rhi zophora mangle Red Mangrove Sabal palmetto Cabbage Palm Sabati a grandi flora Marsh Pink Sali cornia virgini ca Perrenial Glasswort Samolus ebracteatus Water Piimpernel Schinus terebinthi folius Brazilian Pepper Tree Schoenus ni gri cans Solanum blodgettii Nightshade Soli dago torti folia Goldenrod Swi eti eni a mahogani Mahogany Tali um Sp. Flame flower Tillandsia circinata Air Plant Tillandsia flexuosa Twisted Air Plant Typha Sp. Cattail E-15
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-3 DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 1 1977 S ecies 1A1 1A2 1B1 1B2 1C1 1C2 1D1 1D2 Totals Aster Sp. 66 6 2 1 75 Cladium jamaicensis 142 185 379 286 1,111 800 2,903 Conocarpus erecta 26,195 3,592 960 10,309 505 603 42,164 Distichilis spicata present 87 87 Eleochari s cell ulosa 271 3,576 5 261 21 10 18 4,164 Juncus roemeri anus 129 , 101 61 103 374 12 23 '803.
| |
| Typha Sp. present TOTALS 400 30,014 3,909 451 1,734 10,615 1,628 1,445 49,796
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III,E-4 DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL gUADRATS AMACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 2 1977 Uadrat S ecies 2Al 2 2 Bl 282 Cl C2 Dl 2D2 Totals j
| |
| Cladi um amai censi s 2,698 8,089 2,437 3,617 6,751 5,870 912 2,049 32,423 conocarpus erecta 2,510 65,072 1,139 3,195 5,254 2>816 2>090',392 90,468 Juncus roemeri anus 41 La guncul aria racemosa 339 36 221 1,009 1,429 1,824 810 5,668 Rhi zophora mangle 1,089 2,072 196 1,995 290 268 142 6,052 Solanum blodgettii 53 53 Tillandsia circinata present present Ti llandsia flexuosa present present TOTALS 6,636 75,269 3,993 9,816 13,434 10,853 4,121 10,583 134,705
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-5 DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 3 1977 Uadrat S ecies 3Al 3A2 3Bl 3B2 3C1 3C2 3Dl 3D2 Totals Aster Sp ~ 17 15 12 44 Ciadium jamaicensi s 862 1,114 496 799 879 570 1,545 724 6,989 Conocarpus erecta 753 990 210 1,953 Hyperi curn sp. present present Iponea saggi ttata present Juncus roemeri anus 50 60 110 Mikania scandens present TOTALS 862 1,114 1,266 1,804 929 852 1,545 724 9,096
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-6 DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 4 1977 uadrat S ecies 4Al 4A2 4B1 4B2 4Cl 4C2 4Dl 4D2 Totals Acrosti chum aureum 46 46 Aster Sp. 37 37 Bacchari s Sp. 47 432 181 -660 Blechnum serrulatum 1,307 59 1,366 Cladi um jamaicensis 619 508 1,867 11,722 882 1,338 5,262 540 22,738 Conocarpus erecta 5,697 1,570 21,491 5,739 1,602 22,429 1,070 5 59,603 Eupatropi um capi llifolium 2 Zpomoea saggi t tata present present Juncus roemeri anus Lagunculari a racemosa 25,729 274 26,003 Hgrsine gui anensis
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I,
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E4 (continued)
| |
| DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS AMACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TANSECT 4 1977 uadrat S ecies 4A1 4A2 4Bl 4B2 4C1 4C2 4Dl 4D2 Total s Persea borboni a 271 271 Proserpi naca SP. present Rhi zophora mangle 1,239 1,239 Sabal palmetto 127,400 202,300 89,600 419,300 Schinus terebinthifoli us present Solanum blodgettii 505 3,619 63 178 4,371 TOTALS 6,316 3,828 150,764 17,507 235,490 24,599 96,562 584 535,450
| |
| | |
| I 1
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-7 DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 5 1977 uadrat S ecies 5Al 5A2 5B1 5B2 5Cl 5C2 5D1 502 Totals Aster Sp. 1 9 7 7 2 1 1 28 Bacchari s SP. present present Cladi um jamaicensis 746 1,338 524 581 923 890 1,790 1,710 8,502 Conocarpus erecta 114 1,242 -
| |
| 3,621 270 1 644 5,892 Eleocharis cell ulosa 83 83 Ipomoea saggi ttata present TOTALS 861 1,338 1,775 4,209 1,200 893 2,435 1,794 14,505
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE I I I. E-8 DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL gUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 6 1977 uadrat S ecies 6A1 6A2 6B1 6B2 6C1 6C2 6D1 6D2 Totals Acrosti chum aureum 24 4,338 4,362 Ardi si a escallonoi des 63- 339 402 Baccharis SP. 10 15 Blechnum serrulatum 822 41 974 Casuari na equi seti folia 128,672 282,426 411,099 Cephalanthus occi dentali s 29 29 Chiococca alba present present present j
| |
| Cladi um amaicensi s 5,861 2,082 5,133 1,392 899 456 2,267 4,098 22,188 Conocarpus erecta 289 4,276 1,450 695 19 6,729 Cyperaceae Di pholis sali cifolia 64,016 1,455 10,412 ~ 75,883
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-8 (continued)
| |
| DENSITY-VOLUmE INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT To THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 6 1977 uadrat S ecies 6A1 6A2 6Bl 6B2 6Cl 6C2 6Dl 6D2 Totals Eugenia axillaris 900 900 Fimbristylis Sp. 47 47 Foresti era segregata 5 1,824 1,829 Fui rena sci rpoi dea 118 118 Hyperi curn Sp.
| |
| Ibex cassine 919 920 Jacquemontia curti ssii present present Lantana i nvol ucrata 86 86 Laguncul ari a racemosa 11,499 11,499 Magnolia virginiana 300 1 301 Metopi um taxi ferum present 1,709 186 6,059 58,830 '6,785
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| g i
| |
| i g
| |
| I, I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-8 (continued)
| |
| DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 6 1977 uadrat S ecies 6Al 6A2 '6B1 6B2 6Cl 6C2 6Dl 6D2 Totals Myri ca ceri fera 1 10,442 52 200 230 10,925 Myrsine gui anensis 1,454 261 1,069 2,784 Passiflora subserosa present Persea borboni a 303 1,880 2,183 Pinguicula pumila pisonia Sp. 11,560 51 11,611 Polygala cruciata Randia aculeata 204 204 Rhi zophora mangle 6,510 6,510 Sabati a grandi flora Sabal palmetto 90,000 36,125 27,075 '53,200
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE I I I. E4 (continued)
| |
| DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 6 1977 uadrat S ecies 6A1 6A2 6Bl 6B2 6C1 6C2 6D1 6D2 Totals Samolus ebracteatus Sebi nus terebi thi folius 718 14 2,984 3,716 Solanum blodgettii 2 625 306 586 756 18 111 2,404 Soli dago tortifolia 82 82
| |
| &rietieni a mahogani 74,023 445,672 519,695 TOTALS 98,140 149,865 62,396 285,268 117,590 517,923 10,341 75,979 1,317,502
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-9 DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL qUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 7 1977 uadrat S ecies 7Al 7A2 7B1 782 7Cl 7C2 7D1 7D2 Totals Aster Sp. 1 present 2 1 2 6 Baccharis SP.
| |
| Borri chia fructescens 33 118 152 Cakile fusi formi s 3 Cladium jamaicensis '3y820 3y270 1 950 2y007 14y420 1 y715 27,182 Conocarpus erecta 7,302 6,729 1,540 1,319 1,119 2,306 20,315 Di stichilis spicata 181 11,487 11,668 Fimbristgli s sp. present Hyperi curn Sp. present l'pomea saggi t tata present present Lagunculari a racemosa 8 207 '15 TOTALS 11,127 3,270 8,679 2,007 15,962 3,035 1,341 14,120 59,539
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-10 DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 8 1977 uadrat S echoes 8A1 8A2 8B1 8B2. 8C1 8C2 8D1 802 Totals Acrosti chum aureum 726 726 Avi cenni a germinans 7- 338 345 Borri chi a fructescens 17 11 28 Casuarina equi sti folia 6,863 85,738 31,850 124,451 j
| |
| Cladi um amai censi s 659 1,830 3,929 3,512 632 1,264 11,826 Conocarpus erecta 385 15,652 4,860 6,148 7,553 21 34,619 Distichilis spicata 196 279 475 Hyperi curn Sp. present Juncus roemeri anus 368 162 328 183 1 1,042 Laguncularia racemosa 8,519 3,876 816 2,778 15,989 Rhi zophora mangle 5,107 234 26 170 " 5,537
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-10 (continued)
| |
| DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ANACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 8 1977 uadrat S ecies 8A1 8A2 8B1 8B2 8C1 8C2 8D1 8D2 Total s Salicornia virginica 14 14 Solanum blodget tii 261 261 Schoenus nigricans 74 74 Tali num SP. 181 181 TOTALS 8,071 88,115 25,016 49,728 6,963 13,001 1,077 3,597 195,568
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-ll DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS AMACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 9 1977 Uadrat S ecies 9Al 9A2 981 9B2 9C1 9C2 9Dl 9D2 Total s Acrosti chum aureum 5,000 5,000 Ardisia esca jlonoides 60 60 foal I
| |
| Aster Sp. present Avi cenni a germinans Borri chia fructescens 98 10 124 Cjadium jamaicensis 144 144 Conocarpus erecta 1,304 19 1,325 Di s ti chi lis spi cata 17 9 123 5 269 62 492 Juncus roemerianus La guncu1ari a racemosa 5,375 72 86 159 79 359 1,113 7,243
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-11 (continued)
| |
| DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM TRANSECT 9 1977 uadrat S ecies 9A1 9A2 9B1 9B2 9C1 9C2 9Dl 9D2 Totals Rhi zophora mangle 68,918 3,759 16,530 23,020 6,497 65,124 6,243 4,304 194,395 Schoenus ni gri cans 277 49 342 76 744 TOTALS 79,391 3,854 16,912 .23,351 8,377 65,228 6,942 5,481 209,536
| |
| | |
| l I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-12 ANALYSIS OF GRASSLAND TRANSECTS 1, 3, AND 5 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 ac or egrees o um o an a cu ate Level Freedom S uares S uares F guadrats 3 .1583 x 10 .5278 x 10 1. 33 Transects 2 4729 x 10s 2364 x 10s 0.59 guadrats x Transects .1742 x 10 .2904 x 10 0.73 Er ror 12 .4761 x 10 .3968 x 10 Based on 4 quadrats with 2 replicates per quadrat.
| |
| TABLE III.E-13 ANALYSIS OF WOODY TRANSECTS 2, 4, AND 6 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 actor egrees o um 0 ean a cu ate Level Freedom Squares S uares F guadrats 3 .1995 x 10 .6653 x 10>o 0.34 Transects 2 .1265 x 10 .6325 x 10>o 0.32 guadrats x Transects .6840 x 10 .1140 x 10>> 0.58.
| |
| Error 12 .2343 x 10 .1953 x 10 Based on 4 quadrats wi th 2 repli cates per quadrat.
| |
| | |
| I l
| |
| I I
| |
| I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-14 ANALYSIS OF SOUTHERN TRANSECTS 7, 8, AND 9 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 Factor grees o um 0 an a cu ate level freedom s uares s uare F F.os guadrats .1217 x 10~o .4059 x 1.32 3.49 10'2685 Transects x 10'o .1342 x 10>o 4.40 3.88 guadrats x Transects .6825 x 10~o .1137 x 10 o 3.72 3.00 Error 12 .3666 x 10'o .3055 x 10~
| |
| Based on 4 quadrats with 2 replicates per quadrat.
| |
| Significant at ..05 level.
| |
| TABLE III.E-15 TUKEY'S PAIRWISE COMPARISON OF SOUTHERN TRANSECTS u ey s ransect ransect Transect Transects minimum value number means corn arison Difference Southern D = 19,033 6,215 7, 8 13,530 19,745 7, 9 25,904 32,119 8, 9 12,374 a
| |
| Transect 8 is significantly different from 7 and 9.
| |
| E-32
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-16 THREE-YEAR COMPARISON OF SOUTHERN TRANSECTS 7,8 AND 9 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 actor grees o a cu a e or year level freedom 1975 976 977
| |
| .Quadrats 48.83 10. 32 1. 32 Transects 37.59 13.56 4.40 guadrats x Transects 25.58 6. 35 Error 12 3.72'ignificant at F = .05.
| |
| E-33
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-17 THREE-YEAR COMPARISON OF WOODY TRANSECTS 2, 4, AND 6 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 ac or grees o a cu ate . or year Level freedolll 975 9 6 1977 guadrats 2.65 0.51 0.34 Transects 0.26 0.42 0. 32 guadrats x Transects 4.05 1.65 0.58 Error 12 Significant at F = .05.
| |
| E-34
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| I I
| |
| | |
| TABLE III.E-18 THREE-YEAR COMPARISON OF GRASSLAND TRANSECTS 1, 3, AND 5 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 ac or egrees o a cu a e or year level freedom 1975 976 977 guadrats 25.72 l. 77 1.33 Transects 30.69 4.53 0.59 guadrats x Transects 24.29 1.26 0.73 Error 12 Significant at F = .05.
| |
| E-35
| |
| | |
| I I
| |
| il;}}
| |
