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{{#Wiki_filter:U.S. NRC Headquarters Update2019 TOP WorkshopFebruary 6, 2019 Robert Kahler, ChiefPolicy and Oversight BranchDivision of Preparedness andResponseOffice of Nuclear Security and IncidentResponseU.S. Nuclear RegulatoryCommission 1
{{#Wiki_filter:U.S. NRC Headquarters Update 2019 TOP Workshop February 6, 2019 Robert Kahler, Chief Policy and Oversight Branch Division of Preparedness and Response Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1
2 3 NRCCommissionersTheCommissionStephen G.BurnsBegan Serving: November 2014  Term Ending:  June 2019Kristine L. Svinicki,Chairman Began Serving: March 2008Term ending:  June 2022JeffBaranBegan Serving: October 2014Term Ending: June 20 23Annie CaputoConfirmed: May 2018Term Ending: June 2021David WrightConfirmed: May 2018Term Ending: June 2020 3 4Discussion Topics 4*Guidance Documents
 
*Licensee Interactions
2 NRC Commissioners The Commission Kristine L. Svinicki, Chairman Jeff Baran                  Stephen G. Burns            Annie Caputo          David Wright Began Serving: March 2008      Began Serving: October 2014 Began Serving: November 2014 Confirmed: May 2018    Confirmed: May 2018 Term ending: June 2022        Term Ending: June 2023      Term Ending: June 2019      Term Ending: June 2021 Term Ending: June 2020 3
*EP Significance Determination Process (EP SDP) Focused Self
 
-Assessment (FSA)
Discussion Topics
*Alert and Notification System (ANS) and Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS)
* Guidance Documents
*EP Rulemaking Activities
* Licensee Interactions
*Risk Perception vs Risk Reality 5 EPGuidanceDocuments*NUREG/CR-7248 , "Capabilities and Practices of Offsite Response Organizations for Protective Actions in the Intermediate Phase of a Radiological Emergency Response."*Enhance NRC understanding of ORO practices andcapabilities
* EP Significance Determination Process (EP SDP)
*Provide technical basis for assumptions used by NRC to model protective actions in consequence studies and regulatoryanalyses*Published June 19, 2018, ADAMS ML18170A043 5
Focused Self-Assessment (FSA)
5 EPGuidanceDocuments*NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1 ,Revision 2*Reflects changes to NRC/FEMA regulations, guidance, andpolicies*Consolidates numerous supplemental documents and addenda*Modernizes guidance technological advances andbestpractices*Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
* Alert and Notification System (ANS) and Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS)
*Major or minor "rule" determination 6
* EP Rulemaking Activities
4Licensee Interactions (A, B, C's)
* Risk Perception vs Risk Reality 4
*Discussions on specific licensee actions need to be coordinated through Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation (NRR) Project ManagerForecast of planned licensing submittals: Regulatory Issue Summary (RIS) 2015
 
-16*Pre-submittal conference call/meeting
EP Guidance Documents
*Conference call to discuss proposed (draft) requests for additional information (RAIs)
* NUREG/CR-7248, Capabilities and Practices of Offsite Response Organizations for Protective Actions in the Intermediate Phase of a Radiological Emergency Response."
*Follow-up discussionsIf unsure, ask for clarification
* Enhance NRC understanding of ORO practices and capabilities
*State consultation (license amendment request)FEMA consultation: Does change impact offsite plans?
* Provide technical basis for assumptions used by NRC to model protective actions in consequence studies and regulatory analyses
7 5Operating Reactor Licensing(ERO Staffing / Augmentation)
* Published June 19, 2018, ADAMS ML18170A043 5
*RIS 2016-10, "License Amendment Requests for Changes to ERO Staffing and Augmentation" (ADAMS ML16124A002)Clarifies use of NEI 10
 
-05 (On-Shift Staffing Analysis)Staff evaluation using NUREG
EP Guidance Documents
-0654/FEMA-REP-1, Rev 1*Proposed Revision 2 to NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1Letter to NEI, Entergy, NextEra  
* NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 2
-June 12, 2018Table B-1 and Technical Basis (ADAMS ML16117A427) 8 5Operating Reactor Licensing(ERO Staffing / Augmentation)
* Reflects changes to NRC/FEMA regulations, guidance, and policies
*Table B-1 (functions/augmentation times) is intended to provide a modelto consider in developing a site-specific emergency plan
* Consolidates numerous supplemental documents and addenda
.*Emergency plan should describe the minimum ERO staffing planSupporting EPIPs can describe any other staff response desired, as long as this staff is not critical to effective emergency plan implementation. 9 10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 10*December 12, 2017, Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) submitted letter
* Modernizes guidance technological advances and best practices
*"Recommendations for Improving the Emergency Preparedness Significance Determination Process"
* Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
*ADAMS Accession No. ML17354A094).
* Major or minor rule determination 6
*February 7, 2018, NRC responded via letter
 
*"Receipt of Nuclear Energy Institute Recommendations for Improving the Emergency Preparedness Significance Determination Process"
Licensee Interactions (A, B, Cs)
*(ADAMS Accession No.ML18024A427).
* Discussions on specific licensee actions need to be coordinated through Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation (NRR) Project Manager Forecast of planned licensing submittals: Regulatory Issue Summary (RIS) 2015-16
*"-take a fresh look at the EP SDP" and to "-convene an expert team to evaluate the EP SDP based on the NRC's experience with the EP SDP as well as inputs from externalstakeholders."
* Pre-submittal conference call/meeting
*During 2018, NRC HQ and Regional staff conducted an FSA  
* Conference call to discuss proposed (draft) requests for additional information (RAIs)
*procedural reviews, EP Inspector surveys, and review of external stakeholder comments and/or suggestions.
* Follow-up discussions If unsure, ask for clarification
*Public Meetings
* State consultation (license amendment request)
*June 25, 2018, introduced FSA intent and purpose
FEMA consultation: Does change impact offsite plans?
*January 10, 2019, provide tentative results and project plan 10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 11 10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 12Significance Determination Process (SDP)Regulatory ResponseSpecial InspectionsSafety CornerstonesPerformance Indicator  ResultsBaseline Inspection ResultsSignificance ThresholdAction Matrix 10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 13 BASELINE INSPECTION PROCEDURES.01Exercise Evaluation (biennial exercise).02Alert and Notification System Evaluation.03ERO Staffing and Augmentation System.04Emergency Action Level And E
7
-Plan Changes.05 Maintenance of Emergency Preparedness.06Drill Evaluation (resident inspector).07Exercise Evaluation  
 
-Hostile Action (HA) Event .08Exercise Evaluation  
Operating Reactor Licensing (ERO Staffing / Augmentation)
-Scenario Review 10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 14EP Performance Indicators (PIs)
* RIS 2016-10, License Amendment Requests for Changes to ERO Staffing and Augmentation (ADAMS ML16124A002)
*Drill and Exercise Performance (DEP)
Clarifies use of NEI 10-05 (On-Shift Staffing Analysis)
*Emergency Response Organization Drill Participation (ERO)*Alert and Notification System Performance (ANS) 10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 15GreenVery low safety significance (licensee response band) White Low to moderate safety significance (increased regulatory response band)YellowSubstantial safety significance (required regulatory response band)RedHigh safety significance (unacceptable performance band) 10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 16*FSA Conclusion
Staff evaluation using NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1, Rev 1
*The EP SDPissound*However, there are several areas where the NRC should consider enhancementopportunities.
* Proposed Revision 2 to NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1 Letter to NEI, Entergy, NextEra - June 12, 2018 Table B-1 and Technical Basis (ADAMS ML16117A427) 8
*These enhancement opportunities are to be considered preliminary, not a final NRC position, and subject to change.
 
10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 17*FSA Conclusion
Operating Reactor Licensing (ERO Staffing / Augmentation)
*The EP SDPissound*However, there are several areas where the NRC should consider enhancementopportunities.
* Table B-1 (functions/augmentation times) is intended to provide a model to consider in developing a site-specific emergency plan.
*These enhancement opportunities are to be considered preliminary, not a final NRC position, and subject to change.
* Emergency plan should describe the minimum ERO staffing plan Supporting EPIPs can describe any other staff response desired, as long as this staff is not critical to effective emergency plan implementation.
10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 18Enhancement Opportunities
9
*Outlook E-mail account for knowledge management and drive consistency and awareness between NRCRegions and HQ s*COMPLETED*SharePoint tools to document and trackissues.*COMPLETED*SharePoint tools to coordinate NRC Regional and HQ resources.*COMPLETED*Qualify HQ EP staffas EP Inspectors.
 
*In Progress:2/3 staff qualified,remaining staff member will be qualified in2019*Annual EP Operating ExperienceReport to capture lessons
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
-learned and other EP issues relevant to the ROP and SDP*COMPLETED 10 EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 19EnhancementOpportunities
Focused Self Assessment (FSA)
*Consideration of other Reactor Safety Cornerstones when determiningsignificance of an EPissue*Planning Standards 10 CFR 50.47(b)(2)(4)(5)(8)(9) (10 offsite)  
* December 12, 2017, Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) submitted letter
*Only these can be Greater than Green
* Recommendations for Improving the Emergency Preparedness Significance Determination Process
*Only these would require a formal 10 CFR 50.54(q) change review, and subsequent requirement for NRC prior approval*Replace ANS PI with ERF Readiness PI
* ADAMS Accession No. ML17354A094).
*Add EP ROP PIs to support 24
* February 7, 2018, NRC responded via letter
-month 10 CFR 50.54(t) reviewfrequency.
* Receipt of Nuclear Energy Institute Recommendations for Improving the Emergency Preparedness Significance Determination Process
*Revise and consolidate EP Baseline Inspection Procedures*Provide guidance to better risk inform: EALs, dose assessment modeling, 10 CFR 50.54(q), Fission Barrier Matrix, and Radiation MonitoringInstrumentation
    * (ADAMS Accession No. ML18024A427).
*Enhance guidance for evaluating meteorology and SCBA (joint EP and RP issue)*Revise EP Training 10ANS and IPAWS
* take a fresh look at the EP SDP and to convene an expert team to evaluate the EP SDP based on the NRCs experience with the EP SDP as well as inputs from external stakeholders.
*NRC Licensees are required to demonstrate reasonable assurance and adequate protection through the use of a viable Alert and Notification Systems (ANS
* During 2018, NRC HQ and Regional staff conducted an FSA
)*10 CFR 50.47(b)(5) "-means to provide early notification and clear instruction to the populace within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone have been established."
* procedural reviews, EP Inspector surveys, and review of external stakeholder comments and/or suggestions.
*Appendix E "-licensee shall demonstrate that administrative and physical means have been established-"
* Public Meetings
20 10ANS and IPAWS 21*There are no nuclear regulatory requirements for sirens to be the primary method an ANS
* June 25, 2018, introduced FSA intent and purpose
*Licensees should use10 CFR 50.54 (q) change processfor changes to its ANS*Some alert and notification requirements are included as specific licensing conditions for certain licensees*Licensee decision to implement IPAWS in lieu of sirens may require prior NRC approval or License Amendment Request (LAR)
* January 10, 2019, provide tentative results and project plan 10
*NRC has final decision authority on Alert and Notification System 10ANS and IPAWS 22Improvements and Innovation in 2019FCC has required that IPAWS systems allow state and local governments to draw octagonal area for notifications. Accuracy of the drawing will be at 1/10 of mile of the area coveredThe FCC is completing development of a fourth WEA message to supplement the current three WEA messages in IPAWSFourth WEA message will be "Testing"Fourth WEA message mode has potential to be used to evaluate drills and exercisesCurrent three message types are: "Presidential", "Amber", and "Imminent Threats
 
""Testing", "Amber" and "Imminent Threat" alerts can be opted
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
-out by individual users"Presidential" alerts cannot be opted-out by individual userIncrease the number of characters to be displayed in a message;Ability to insert internet links, pictures and videos.
Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 11
10ANS and IPAWS 23*Licensees should use10 CFR 50.54 (q) change processfor changes to its ANS*If the design of the primary ANS includes specific requirements that were established as part of a licensee's licensing basis, then the licensee will need to use the 10 CFR 50.90 license amendment request process 10EP Rulemaking Activities
 
*Power Reactors Transition to Decommissioning
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
*Small Modular Reactors and Other New Technologies (SMR/ONT)
Focused Self Assessment (FSA)
*Mitigation of Beyond Design Basis Events(MBDBE)*10 CFR 50 and 52 Alignment 24 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 25 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 26Research to Support Rulemaking
Safety Cornerstones Baseline Inspection                      Performance Indicator Results                                  Results Significance                              Significance Determination Process (SDP)                       Threshold Action Matrix Special Inspections Regulatory Response 12
*NUREG-1738, "Technical Study of Spent Fuel Pool Accident Risk at Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants"
 
*NUREG-2161, "Consequence Study of a Beyond
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
-Design-Basis Earthquake Affecting the Spent Fuel Pool for a U.S. Mark I Boiling Water Reactor"
Focused Self Assessment (FSA)
*Supporting Research Studies (ADAMS ML16110A416)
BASELINE INSPECTION PROCEDURES
*Analysis of MitigativeActions*Spent Fuel Decay Time
.01 Exercise Evaluation (biennial exercise)
*Dose Rate of Accidental Radiological Release                                                                             from Spent Fuel Pool 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 27*The following contains information that was provided to the Commission on May 7 thto support the Draft Proposed Transition to Decommissioning Rulemaking.
.02 Alert and Notification System Evaluation
*Although made public on May 22 nd, the rulemaking has not been issued for public comment.
.03 ERO Staffing and Augmentation System
*The Commission will vote on the rulemaking and provide a Staff Requirements Memorandum (SRM) with direction on how to proceed.
.04 Emergency Action Level And E-Plan Changes
*As such, the rule language and accompanying guidance may change and should not be considered final.
.05 Maintenance of Emergency Preparedness
10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 28Level 1 -Permanent cessation of operations and         all fuel in spent fuel poolLevel 2 -Spent fuel has sufficiently decayed                                             (10 hour adiabatic heatuptime)Level 3 -All fuel is in dry cask storageLevel 4 -All fuel removed from siteGraded Approach 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 29Decommissioning EP LevelsLevel 1Post Shutdown Emergency Plan(PSEP)10 months (BWR) 16months (PWR)Level 2Permanently Defueled Emergency Plan(PDEP)Level 3ISFSI Only EmergencyPlan (IOEP)> 5 years  Cessation of Power Operations and DefueledPower OperationsLevel 4No Spent Fuel Onsite 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 30Post-Shutdown EP (PSEP)
.06 Drill Evaluation (resident inspector)
*PSEP may start after NRC dockets licensee's certifications of certifications of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of all fuel from the reactor vessel.
.07 Exercise Evaluation - Hostile Action (HA) Event
*PSEP is a transition period
.08 Exercise Evaluation - Scenario Review 13
-May only last 10 months (BWR) to 16 months (PWR)
 
-Significant changes to plan not anticipated  
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
-No changes to regulations for offsite emergency plan 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 31Post-Shutdown EP (PSEP)
Focused Self Assessment (FSA)
*10 CFR 50.200(a)
EP Performance Indicators (PIs)
*Proposed Rule provides for:
* Drill and Exercise Performance (DEP)
-Reduced ERO staffing
* Emergency Response Organization Drill Participation (ERO)
-Revisions to EALs
* Alert and Notification System Performance (ANS) 14
-ETE updates no longer required
 
-Annual dissemination of information to the public
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
-future plant status
Focused Self Assessment (FSA)
-Revised exercise schedule (drill cycle maintained) 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 32Permanently Defueled EP (PDEP)
Green  Very low safety significance (licensee response band)
*10 CFR 50.200(b) and (c)
White   Low to moderate safety significance (increased regulatory response band)
*Proposed Rule provides for:
Yellow  Substantial safety significance (required regulatory response band)
-Reduced ERO staffing
Red    High safety significance (unacceptable performance band) 15
-Classification and Notification timeliness commensurate to risk and accident timing
 
-Events classified as NOUE or Alert
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
-No offsite (REP) planning requirements oNo defined EPZs beyond the site boundary oNo demonstration of capability for prompt public alerting oNo pre-determined Protective Actions 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 33Permanently Defueled EP (PDEP)
Focused Self Assessment (FSA)
*Proposed Rule provides for:
* FSA Conclusion
-Revisions to EALs
* The EP SDP is sound
-Emergency response facilities (TSC, OSC, EOF) may be combined
* However, there are several areas where the NRC should consider enhancement opportunities.
-Biennial exercise within 2 years of entering into decommissioning (drill cycle maintained)
* These enhancement opportunities are to be considered preliminary, not a final NRC position, and subject to change.
-No hostile action requirements (security EALs maintained) 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 34Permanently Defueled EP (PDEP)
16
*10 CFR 50.47(f)  
 
-Planning standards do not apply to offsite EP if EPZ does not extend beyond the site boundary.10 CFR 50.54(s)(3)  
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
-Clarifies how NRC will make findings and determinations of reasonable assurance when planning standards do not apply to offsite. (s)(3)"If the planning standards for radiological emergency preparedness apply to offsite radiological emergency response plans,the NRC will base its finding on a review of the FEMA findings and determinations as to whether State and local emergency plans are adequate and capable of being implemented, and on the NRC assessment as to whether the licensee's emergency plans are adequate and capable of being implemented."10 CFR 50.54(t)  
Focused Self Assessment (FSA)
-EP program element review at 2 year intervals until all fuel in dry cask storage.
* FSA Conclusion
10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 35ISFSI Only EP (IOEP)
* The EP SDP is sound
*IOEP may start after all spent fuel is in dry cask storage
* However, there are several areas where the NRC should consider enhancement opportunities.
*IOEP utilizes established EP planning standards for ISFSIs contained in 10 CFR 72.32(a)
* These enhancement opportunities are to be considered preliminary, not a final NRC position, and subject to change.
*Part 50 and Part 52 licensees are granted a general Part 72 license*Application for a specific Part 72 license would require NRC approval of emergency plan 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 36*Emergency Plan Change Process
17
-Transition to Levels
 
-Changes within Levels
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
-Changes in Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR)
Focused Self Assessment (FSA)
-Changes in Emergency Action Levels (EALs) Classifications and Scheme(s)
Enhancement Opportunities
*10 CFR 50.54(q)(7)  
* Outlook E-mail account for knowledge management and drive consistency and awareness between NRC Regions and HQs
-Licensee may elect to follow and maintain a Level standard when conditions are met.
* COMPLETED
*10 CFR 50.54(q)(8)  
* SharePoint tools to document and track issues.
-Clarifies Reduction in Effectiveness (RIE)
* COMPLETED
*Transition between levels is not an RIE if changes comply with standards.  
* SharePoint tools to coordinate NRC Regional and HQ resources.
*Changes to e
* COMPLETED
-plan are not RIEs if supported by Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for Safety Systems and Components (SSCs) out of service.  
* Qualify HQ EP staff as EP Inspectors.
*Changes to EAL not RIE if physically unattainable.  
* In Progress: 2/3 staff qualified, remaining staff member will be qualified in 2019
*Draft EP Regulatory Guide to accompany proposed rule
* Annual EP Operating Experience Report to capture lessons-learned and other EP issues relevant to the ROP and SDP
*DG-1346, "Emergency Planning for Decommissioning Nuclear Power Reactors" (AgencywideDocuments Access and Management System (ADAMS) Accession No. ML17311B018) 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 37YOU ARE HERE 10EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 38Decommissioning Rule Schedule
* COMPLETED                                                       18
*Final Regulatory Basis
 
-November 2017, ML17215A012
EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)
*Proposed Rule/Draft Regulatory Guidance
Focused Self Assessment (FSA)
-Provided to Commission May 7, 2018
Enhancement Opportunities
-Public May 22, 2018, ADAMS Package ML18012A019
* Consideration of other Reactor Safety Cornerstones when determining significance of an EP issue
*Public Comment Period (current estimate)
* Planning Standards 10 CFR 50.47(b)(2) (4) (5) (8) (9) (10 offsite)
-April 30, 2019
* Only these can be Greater than Green
*Final Rule/Final Regulatory Guidance
* Only these would require a formal 10 CFR 50.54(q) change review, and subsequent requirement for NRC prior approval
-Oct 7,2019, Provide to Commission
* Replace ANS PI with ERF Readiness PI
-Dec 30, 2019, Issue FInal*Regulations.gov Docket ID NRC
* Add EP ROP PIs to support 24-month 10 CFR 50.54(t) review frequency.
-2015-0070 10EP SMR/ONT RulemakingDraft Proposed EP SMR/ONT RulemakingThis draft document was released to support the August 22, 2018 Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards Sub-Committee public meeting. This draft document has not been subject to Commission, NRC management, and legal reviews and approvals, and its contents should not be interpreted as official agency positions. Following the public meeting, the NRC staff plans to continue working on this document as well as other documents related to this rulemaking.
* Revise and consolidate EP Baseline Inspection Procedures
39 10SMR/ONT RulemakingDevelop a clear set of rules and guidance for SMRs and ONTPrinciple of dose-at-distance and                                                                                   consequence
* Provide guidance to better risk inform: EALs, dose assessment modeling, 10 CFR 50.54(q), Fission Barrier Matrix, and Radiation Monitoring Instrumentation
-oriented approach                                                                                                         to determine EPZ sizeRisk-Informed, Performance BasedTechnology Neutral or Inclusive 40 10SMR/ONT Rulemaking
* Enhance guidance for evaluating meteorology and SCBA (joint EP and RP issue)                                         19
*Proposed Rule and Guidance:
* Revise EP Training
-Performance
 
-based, risk
ANS and IPAWS
-informed-Some capability based planning standards
* NRC Licensees are required to demonstrate reasonable assurance and adequate protection through the use of a viable Alert and Notification Systems (ANS)
-Consequence
* 10 CFR 50.47(b)(5) means to provide early notification and clear instruction to the populace within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone have been established.
-oriented, graded
* Appendix E licensee shall demonstrate that administrative and physical means have been established 20
-approach-Technology
 
-inclusive, but does not alter existing nuclear power reactor EP requirements
ANS and IPAWS
-Recognizes offsite response & preparedness 41 10SMR/ONT Rulemaking
* There are no nuclear regulatory requirements for sirens to be the primary method an ANS
*Proposed Performance Measures:
* Licensees should use 10 CFR 50.54 (q) change process for changes to its ANS
-Event mitigation
* Some alert and notification requirements are included as specific licensing conditions for certain licensees
-Protective actions, -Communications, -Command and control, -Staffing, and  
* Licensee decision to implement IPAWS in lieu of sirens may require prior NRC approval or License Amendment Request (LAR)
-Radiological assessment
* NRC has final decision authority on Alert and Notification System 21
*Proposed Guidance:
 
-General information (non
ANS and IPAWS Improvements and Innovation in 2019
-design specific) 42 10SMR/ONT Rulemaking
* FCC has required that IPAWS systems allow state and local governments to draw octagonal area for notifications.
*Regulatory Basis issued (ADAMS No.ML17206A265)
* Accuracy of the drawing will be at 1/10 of mile of the area covered
-November 2017
* The FCC is completing development of a fourth WEA message to supplement the current three WEA messages in IPAWS
*Draft ProposedRule/Regulatory Guidance Package
* Fourth WEA message will be Testing
*August 3, 2018, Publicly Available (ADAMS No. ML18213A264)
* Fourth WEA message mode has potential to be used to evaluate drills and exercises
*August 22, 2018, Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards Subcommittee
* Current three message types are: Presidential, Amber, and Imminent Threats
*October 12, 2018, Provided to Commission
* Testing, Amber and Imminent Threat alerts can be opted-out by individual users
*Public Comment Period (current estimate)*April 30, 2019*Final Rule/Final Regulatory Guidance
* Presidential alerts cannot be opted-out by individual user
-Feb 14, 2020, Provide to Commission
* Increase the number of characters to be displayed in a message;
-April 30, 2020, Issue Final  
* Ability to insert internet links, pictures and videos.
*Rulemaking information
22
*RIN Number: 3150
 
-AJ68*www.Regulations.Gov
ANS and IPAWS
*Docket ID NRC
* Licensees should use 10 CFR 50.54 (q) change process for changes to its ANS
-2015-0225 43 10MBDBE Rulemaking 44*Multi Source Dose Assessment capability was removed as a requirement in the rule prior to the final rule affirmation by the Commission.
* If the design of the primary ANS includes specific requirements that were established as part of a licensees licensing basis, then the licensee will need to use the 10 CFR 50.90 license amendment request process 23
*EP items that were determined by Commission to be addressed at the regulatory guidance level and were removed from the final rule*Sufficient staffing to support implementation of the capabilities required by the rule
 
*Sufficient communications capability, both onsite and offsite to support implementation of the strategies required by the rule
EP Rulemaking Activities
*Drills or exercises to demonstrate a capability to use the strategies and guidelines required by the rule 10MBDBE Rulemaking 45*Addressed at the regulatory guidance level and the Commission concluded that the requirements imposed by the Orders (NRC Order EA 049 and NRC Order EA 051) are sufficient to provide reasonable assurance of adequate protection of public health and safety.
* Power Reactors Transition to Decommissioning
*Licensees have previously committed to have in place and maintain these items via the 50.54(f) letters that were issued on March 12, 2012.
* Small Modular Reactors and Other New Technologies (SMR/ONT)
*These items have been inspected using TI
* Mitigation of Beyond Design Basis Events (MBDBE)
-2515/191 and NRC will determine the continuing inspection process for these items going forward.
* 10 CFR 50 and 52 Alignment 24
10MBDBE Rulemaking 46*Appendix E to Part 50  
 
-Emergency Planning and Preparedness for Production and Utilization Facilities
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 25
*This appendix has been revised to eliminate the pointer to  
 
§50.54(hh)(2) in IV.F.2.j.and now points to the "implementation of strategies, procedures, and guidance under  
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Research to Support Rulemaking
§50.155(b)(2)"
* NUREG-1738, Technical Study of Spent Fuel Pool Accident Risk at Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants
1010 CFR 50/52 Rulemaking 47*In SRM-SECY-15-0002 (ML13277A420
* NUREG-2161, Consequence Study of a Beyond-Design-Basis Earthquake Affecting the Spent Fuel Pool for a U.S.
)the Commission approved development of a regulatory basis to revise the regulations in 10 CFR Part 50 for new power reactor applications to more closely align with requirements in 10 CFR Part 52*Commission also approved revision of 10 CFR Part 52 and supporting regulations to reflect lessons learned from recent new reactor licensing activities
Mark I Boiling Water Reactor
*The staff is considering what items should be included in the scope of that rulemaking.
* Supporting Research Studies (ADAMS ML16110A416)
10Risk Perception vs Risk Reality 48 10NRC Authorities
* Analysis of Mitigative Actions
*Atomic Energy Act of 1954, amended in 1974empowered the NRC to establish by rule or order, and to enforce, such standards to govern these uses as "the Commission may deem necessary or desirable in order to protect health and safetyand minimize danger to life or property."*U.S. Supreme Court has expressly held that, while states retain authority over "questions of need, reliability, cost, and other related State concerns," federal preemption under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA) prevents states from regulating nuclear power for the purposes of radiological safety
* Spent Fuel Decay Time
.*Helps ensure regulatory stability and predictability in the licensing process 49Risk Perception vs Risk Reality 10NRC Authorities 50*The NRC establishes regulatory standards for offsite REP *Regulatory requirements for offsite radiological emergency planning/response and the REP Program are not synonymous; the licensee maintains agreements with local emergency responders that are outside of the REP program such as EMT and fire response
* Dose Rate of Accidental Radiological Release from Spent Fuel Pool 26
*Federal lead role in evaluating offsite emergency planning and preparedness activities was transferred from the NRC to FEMA after the accident at TMI U2*Assignment aligned with FEMA's statutory role in promoting, funding, coordinating, and providing technical assistance for disaster preparedness
 
*If NRC determines the need for offsite radiological emergency plans, they are evaluated by FEMA for adequacy; findings and determinations are reported to the NRC *FEMA established its REP Program to manage its responsibility in areas around nuclear power plants
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking
*NRC maintains responsibility for onsite emergency preparedness and overall finding of reasonable assurance (and continuing maintenance of reasonable assurance) considering FEMA input 10Emergency Planning Zones 51*Two EPZs around each currently licensed nuclear power plant to facilitate preplanned strategies for protective actions during an emergency
* The following contains information that was provided to the Commission on May 7th to support the Draft Proposed Transition to Decommissioning Rulemaking.
*Plume exposure pathway
* Although made public on May 22nd, the rulemaking has not been issued for public comment.
*Ingestion pathway
* The Commission will vote on the rulemaking and provide a Staff Requirements Memorandum (SRM) with direction on how to proceed.
*Exact size and shape of each EPZ is a result of detailed planning which includes consideration of the specific conditions at each site, unique geographical features of the area, and demographic information  
* As such, the rule language and accompanying guidance may change and should not be considered final.
*Preplanned strategy for an EPZ provides a substantial basis to support activity beyond the planning zone in the extremely unlikely event it would be needed 10Reasonable Assurance/ Adequate Protection 52*Reasonable Assurance: a determination that NRC licensee or applicant onsite plans and state, local, tribal government, and utility offsite plans and preparedness are adequate to protect public health and safety in the emergency planning areas of a commercial nuclear power plant FEMA evaluates offsite planning and preparedness and reports findings/determination to NRC
27
*NRC evaluates onsite emergency planning and preparedness and, considering FEMA's evaluation, makes the overall decision of reasonable assurance. Once determined, assumed to remain in place unless demonstrated otherwise 10What Has Changed? Why?
 
53*Commission has maintained a continuing focus on risk
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Graded Approach Level 1 Permanent cessation of operations and all fuel in spent fuel pool Level 2 Spent fuel has sufficiently decayed (10 hour adiabatic heatup time)
-informing NRC regulatory activities
Level 3 All fuel is in dry cask storage Level 4 All fuel removed from site 28
*SMRs and other new reactor designs are expected to pose risks orders of magnitude lower than already very low risk posed by current large commercial reactors
 
*EPZ size and other REP capabilities should be proportional to risk without undue regulatory burden on licensees*Rulemaking for SMRs and other new technologies includes performance
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Decommissioning EP Levels Power          Level 1          Level 2        Level 3    Level 4 Operations Post          Permanently    ISFSI Only  No Spent Shutdown         Defueled    Emergency   Fuel Onsite Emergency      Emergency Plan  Plan (IOEP)
-based EP and scalable EPZ size commensurate with risk
Plan             (PDEP)
*EPZ size can be site boundary to some specified distance off
(PSEP)
-site*Ingestion planning capabilities rather than defined zone 10Commission Policy on Advanced Reactors 54"The Commission expects, as a minimum, at least the same degree of protection of the environment and public health and safety and the common defense and security that is required for current generation light
Cessation of Power     10 months (BWR)    >5 Operations and Defueled  16 months (PWR)    years 29
-water reactors (LWRs)the Commission expects that advanced reactors will provide enhanced margins of safety and/or use simplified, inherent, passive, or other innovative means to accomplish their safety and security functions."
 
10What If?55*Concerns that an event could happen that could lead to doses in excess of the EPA Protective Action Guidelines offsite in a community with no formal Federally mandated REP
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Post-Shutdown EP (PSEP)
*Any nuclear power plant licensed with a site boundary EPZ will present very low risk of offsite health impacts (acute or stochastic) as the result of an accident
* PSEP may start after NRC dockets licensees certifications of certifications of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of all fuel from the reactor vessel.
*But if an accident occurs, what is needed to protect public health and safety?
* PSEP is a transition period
*Implementation of protective measures such as evacuation/sheltering
  - May only last 10 months (BWR) to 16 months (PWR)
*Numerous examples of successful evacuations in response to "no notice" life
  - Significant changes to plan not anticipated
-threatening non
  - No changes to regulations for offsite emergency plan 30
-nuclear events 10What If?56*Urgent protective measures include evacuation/sheltering
 
*Evacuations from hazards that are immediately dangerous to life and health occur routinely and most typically without extensive preplanning
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Post-Shutdown EP (PSEP)
*Freight train derailments (trains carrying haz-mat)*Mississauga, Ontario train derailment >200,000 people promptly evacuated (in the absence of emergency planning) due to toxic gas releases,*Wildfires*California wildfires impact hundreds of thousands of people with very short notification times under life threatening and rapidly changing conditions.
* 10 CFR 50.200(a)
*Flash Floods
* Proposed Rule provides for:
*September 2018 "Pennsylvania Flash Flooding Triggers Evacuations, Prompts Disaster Declarations"
  - Reduced ERO staffing
*PEMA stated evacuations were reported in a number of counties, but no injuries were reported.
  - Revisions to EALs
*July 2018 "Heavy downpours are soaking parts of central Pennsylvania, causing evacuations and forcing an amusement park to close for the second time this week"
  - ETE updates no longer required
*Nothing unique is required for evacuations/shelter
  - Annual dissemination of information to the public
-in-place as a result of nuclear power plant accidents 10What If?57*State and local governments are responsible for the protection of public health and safety for all types of events, both natural and those related to human activities
      - future plant status
*NRC has high confidence in the ability of offsite response organizations to implement appropriate response actions when necessary  
  - Revised exercise schedule (drill cycle maintained) 31
*Confidence is strengthened by NRC's recognition of national-level efforts, in which the NRC participates, to enhance the state of emergency planning at all levels of government and within the whole community
 
*For NRC-licensed facilities where radiological hazards present a very low offsite hazard, the risk posed by the low
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Permanently Defueled EP (PDEP)
-level hazard can be addressed by all
* 10 CFR 50.200(b) and (c)
-hazards planning 10Risk Trade Offs 58*Use of technologies involves some risk
* Proposed Rule provides for:
*Risks can be reduced but not eliminated; society must balance the benefits of enabling technologies against risks that cannot be completely eliminated without rendering the technologies infeasible
  - Reduced ERO staffing
*By focusing on Safety Goals, the NRC keeps the risk associated with radioactive materials very small compared to other risks to which members of the public are exposed, while still enabling use of such materials consistent with National policy as reflected in the Atomic Energy Act
  - Classification and Notification timeliness commensurate to risk and accident timing
*NRC's safety mission is achieved once Safety Goals are met for an acceptable level of risk; thus, not imposing undue burden on licensees 10Risk Perception vs Risk Reality 59Changes?*Reactor technology is changing, *EP is evolving,*NRC's mission to protect the health and safety of the public remains unchanged 12For MoreInformationBob Kahler, Policy & Oversight Branch Chief 301-287-3756 Robert.Kahler@nrc.govJoe Anderson, Reactor Licensing BranchChief 301-287-9300Joseph.Anderson@nrc.govBill Gott, Coordination Branch Chief 301-287-9256Bill.Gott@nrc.govSilas Kennedy, Operations Branch Chief 301-287-0756Silas.Kennedy@nrc.gov 60}}
  - Events classified as NOUE or Alert
  - No offsite (REP) planning requirements o No defined EPZs beyond the site boundary o No demonstration of capability for prompt public alerting o No pre-determined Protective Actions 32
 
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Permanently Defueled EP (PDEP)
* Proposed Rule provides for:
  - Revisions to EALs
  - Emergency response facilities (TSC, OSC, EOF) may be combined
  - Biennial exercise within 2 years of entering into decommissioning (drill cycle maintained)
  - No hostile action requirements (security EALs maintained) 33
 
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Permanently Defueled EP (PDEP)
* 10 CFR 50.47(f) Planning standards do not apply to offsite EP if EPZ does not extend beyond the site boundary.
10 CFR 50.54(s)(3) Clarifies how NRC will make findings and determinations of reasonable assurance when planning standards do not apply to offsite.
(s)(3)If the planning standards for radiological emergency preparedness apply to offsite radiological emergency response plans, the NRC will base its finding on a review of the FEMA findings and determinations as to whether State and local emergency plans are adequate and capable of being implemented, and on the NRC assessment as to whether the licensee's emergency plans are adequate and capable of being implemented.
10 CFR 50.54(t) EP program element review at 2 year intervals until all fuel in dry cask storage.
34
 
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking ISFSI Only EP (IOEP)
* IOEP may start after all spent fuel is in dry cask storage
* IOEP utilizes established EP planning standards for ISFSIs contained in 10 CFR 72.32(a)
* Part 50 and Part 52 licensees are granted a general Part 72 license
* Application for a specific Part 72 license would require NRC approval of emergency plan 35
 
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking
*Emergency Plan Change Process
- Transition to Levels
- Changes within Levels
- Changes in Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR)
- Changes in Emergency Action Levels (EALs) Classifications and Scheme(s)
* 10 CFR 50.54(q)(7) Licensee may elect to follow and maintain a Level standard when conditions are met.
* 10 CFR 50.54(q)(8) Clarifies Reduction in Effectiveness (RIE)
* Transition between levels is not an RIE if changes comply with standards.
* Changes to e-plan are not RIEs if supported by Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for Safety Systems and Components (SSCs) out of service.
* Changes to EAL not RIE if physically unattainable.
* Draft EP Regulatory Guide to accompany proposed rule
* DG-1346, Emergency Planning for Decommissioning Nuclear Power Reactors (Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) Accession No. ML17311B018)                                                     36
 
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking YOU ARE HERE 37
 
EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Decommissioning Rule Schedule
* Final Regulatory Basis
    - November 2017, ML17215A012
* Proposed Rule/Draft Regulatory Guidance
    - Provided to Commission May 7, 2018
    - Public May 22, 2018, ADAMS Package ML18012A019
* Public Comment Period (current estimate)
    - April 30, 2019
* Final Rule/Final Regulatory Guidance
    - Oct 7,2019, Provide to Commission
    - Dec 30, 2019, Issue FInal
* Regulations.gov Docket ID NRC-2015-0070 38
 
EP SMR/ONT Rulemaking Draft Proposed EP SMR/ONT Rulemaking This draft document was released to support the August 22, 2018 Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards Sub-Committee public meeting. This draft document has not been subject to Commission, NRC management, and legal reviews and approvals, and its contents should not be interpreted as official agency positions. Following the public meeting, the NRC staff plans to continue working on this document as well as other documents related to this rulemaking.
39
 
SMR/ONT Rulemaking Develop a clear set of rules and guidance for SMRs and ONT Technology Neutral or Inclusive Risk-Informed, Performance Based Principle of dose-at-distance and consequence-oriented approach to determine EPZ size 40
 
SMR/ONT Rulemaking
* Proposed Rule and Guidance:
Performance-based, risk-informed Some capability based planning standards Consequence-oriented, graded-approach Technology-inclusive, but does not alter existing nuclear power reactor EP requirements Recognizes offsite response & preparedness 41
 
SMR/ONT Rulemaking
* Proposed Performance Measures:
Event mitigation Protective actions, Communications, Command and control, Staffing, and Radiological assessment
* Proposed Guidance:
General information (non-design specific) 42
 
SMR/ONT Rulemaking
* Regulatory Basis issued (ADAMS No.ML17206A265)
  - November 2017
* Draft Proposed Rule/Regulatory Guidance Package
* August 3, 2018, Publicly Available (ADAMS No. ML18213A264)
* August 22, 2018, Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards Subcommittee
* October 12, 2018, Provided to Commission
* Public Comment Period (current estimate)
* April 30, 2019
* Final Rule/Final Regulatory Guidance
  - Feb 14, 2020, Provide to Commission
  - April 30, 2020, Issue Final
* Rulemaking information
* RIN Number: 3150-AJ68
* www.Regulations.Gov
* Docket ID NRC-2015-0225 43
 
MBDBE Rulemaking
* Multi Source Dose Assessment capability was removed as a requirement in the rule prior to the final rule affirmation by the Commission.
* EP items that were determined by Commission to be addressed at the regulatory guidance level and were removed from the final rule
* Sufficient staffing to support implementation of the capabilities required by the rule
* Sufficient communications capability, both onsite and offsite to support implementation of the strategies required by the rule
* Drills or exercises to demonstrate a capability to use the strategies and guidelines required by the rule 44
 
MBDBE Rulemaking
* Addressed at the regulatory guidance level and the Commission concluded that the requirements imposed by the Orders (NRC Order EA-12-049 and NRC Order EA-12-051) are sufficient to provide reasonable assurance of adequate protection of public health and safety.
* Licensees have previously committed to have in place and maintain these items via the 50.54(f) letters that were issued on March 12, 2012.
* These items have been inspected using TI-2515/191 and NRC will determine the continuing inspection process for these items going forward.
45
 
MBDBE Rulemaking
* Appendix E to Part 50 - Emergency Planning and Preparedness for Production and Utilization Facilities
* This appendix has been revised to eliminate the pointer to §50.54(hh)(2) in IV.F.2.j.and now points to the implementation of strategies, procedures, and guidance under
    §50.155(b)(2) 46
 
10 CFR 50/52 Rulemaking
* In SRM-SECY-15-0002 (ML13277A420) the Commission approved development of a regulatory basis to revise the regulations in 10 CFR Part 50 for new power reactor applications to more closely align with requirements in 10 CFR Part 52
* Commission also approved revision of 10 CFR Part 52 and supporting regulations to reflect lessons learned from recent new reactor licensing activities
* The staff is considering what items should be included in the scope of that rulemaking.
47
 
Risk Perception vs Risk Reality 48
 
Risk Perception vs Risk Reality NRC Authorities
* Atomic Energy Act of 1954, amended in 1974 empowered the NRC to establish by rule or order, and to enforce, such standards to govern these uses as "the Commission may deem necessary or desirable in order to protect health and safety and minimize danger to life or property."
* U.S. Supreme Court has expressly held that, while states retain authority over questions of need, reliability, cost, and other related State concerns, federal preemption under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA) prevents states from regulating nuclear power for the purposes of radiological safety.
* Helps ensure regulatory stability and predictability in the licensing process                                                   49
 
NRC Authorities
* The NRC establishes regulatory standards for offsite REP
* Regulatory requirements for offsite radiological emergency planning/response and the REP Program are not synonymous; the licensee maintains agreements with local emergency responders that are outside of the REP program such as EMT and fire response
* Federal lead role in evaluating offsite emergency planning and preparedness activities was transferred from the NRC to FEMA after the accident at TMI U2
* Assignment aligned with FEMAs statutory role in promoting, funding, coordinating, and providing technical assistance for disaster preparedness
* If NRC determines the need for offsite radiological emergency plans, they are evaluated by FEMA for adequacy; findings and determinations are reported to the NRC
* FEMA established its REP Program to manage its responsibility in areas around nuclear power plants
* NRC maintains responsibility for onsite emergency preparedness and overall finding of reasonable assurance (and continuing maintenance of reasonable assurance) considering FEMA input 50
 
Emergency Planning Zones
* Two EPZs around each currently licensed nuclear power plant to facilitate preplanned strategies for protective actions during an emergency
* Plume exposure pathway
* Ingestion pathway
* Exact size and shape of each EPZ is a result of detailed planning which includes consideration of the specific conditions at each site, unique geographical features of the area, and demographic information
* Preplanned strategy for an EPZ provides a substantial basis to support activity beyond the planning zone in the extremely unlikely event it would be needed 51
 
Reasonable Assurance/
Adequate Protection
* Reasonable Assurance: a determination that NRC licensee or applicant onsite plans and state, local, tribal government, and utility offsite plans and preparedness are adequate to protect public health and safety in the emergency planning areas of a commercial nuclear power plant FEMA evaluates offsite planning and preparedness and reports findings/determination to NRC
* NRC evaluates onsite emergency planning and preparedness and, considering FEMAs evaluation, makes the overall decision of reasonable assurance. Once determined, assumed to remain in place unless demonstrated otherwise 52
 
What Has Changed? Why?
* Commission has maintained a continuing focus on risk-informing NRC regulatory activities
* SMRs and other new reactor designs are expected to pose risks orders of magnitude lower than already very low risk posed by current large commercial reactors
* EPZ size and other REP capabilities should be proportional to risk without undue regulatory burden on licensees
* Rulemaking for SMRs and other new technologies includes performance-based EP and scalable EPZ size commensurate with risk
* EPZ size can be site boundary to some specified distance off-site
* Ingestion planning capabilities rather than defined zone 53
 
Commission Policy on Advanced Reactors The Commission expects, as a minimum, at least the same degree of protection of the environment and public health and safety and the common defense and security that is required for current generation light-water reactors (LWRs) the Commission expects that advanced reactors will provide enhanced margins of safety and/or use simplified, inherent, passive, or other innovative means to accomplish their safety and security functions.
54
 
What If?
* Concerns that an event could happen that could lead to doses in excess of the EPA Protective Action Guidelines offsite in a community with no formal Federally mandated REP
* Any nuclear power plant licensed with a site boundary EPZ will present very low risk of offsite health impacts (acute or stochastic) as the result of an accident
* But if an accident occurs, what is needed to protect public health and safety?
* Implementation of protective measures such as evacuation/sheltering
* Numerous examples of successful evacuations in response to no notice life-threatening non-nuclear events 55
 
What If?
* Urgent protective measures include evacuation/sheltering
* Evacuations from hazards that are immediately dangerous to life and health occur routinely and most typically without extensive preplanning
* Freight train derailments (trains carrying haz-mat)
* Mississauga, Ontario train derailment >200,000 people promptly evacuated (in the absence of emergency planning) due to toxic gas releases,
* Wildfires
* California wildfires impact hundreds of thousands of people with very short notification times under life threatening and rapidly changing conditions.
* Flash Floods
* September 2018 Pennsylvania Flash Flooding Triggers Evacuations, Prompts Disaster Declarations
* PEMA stated evacuations were reported in a number of counties, but no injuries were reported.
* July 2018 Heavy downpours are soaking parts of central Pennsylvania, causing evacuations and forcing an amusement park to close for the second time this week
* Nothing unique is required for evacuations/shelter-in-place as a result of nuclear power plant accidents 56
 
What If?
* State and local governments are responsible for the protection of public health and safety for all types of events, both natural and those related to human activities
* NRC has high confidence in the ability of offsite response organizations to implement appropriate response actions when necessary
* Confidence is strengthened by NRCs recognition of national-level efforts, in which the NRC participates, to enhance the state of emergency planning at all levels of government and within the whole community
* For NRC-licensed facilities where radiological hazards present a very low offsite hazard, the risk posed by the low-level hazard can be addressed by all-hazards planning 57
 
Risk Trade Offs
* Use of technologies involves some risk
* Risks can be reduced but not eliminated; society must balance the benefits of enabling technologies against risks that cannot be completely eliminated without rendering the technologies infeasible
* By focusing on Safety Goals, the NRC keeps the risk associated with radioactive materials very small compared to other risks to which members of the public are exposed, while still enabling use of such materials consistent with National policy as reflected in the Atomic Energy Act
* NRCs safety mission is achieved once Safety Goals are met for an acceptable level of risk; thus, not imposing undue burden on licensees 58
 
Risk Perception vs Risk Reality Changes?
* Reactor technology is changing,
* EP is evolving,
* NRCs mission to protect the health and safety of the public remains unchanged 59
 
For More Information Bob Kahler, Policy & Oversight Branch Chief 301-287-3756 Robert.Kahler@nrc.gov Joe Anderson, Reactor Licensing Branch Chief 301-287-9300 Joseph.Anderson@nrc.gov Bill Gott, Coordination Branch Chief 301-287-9256 Bill.Gott@nrc.gov Silas Kennedy, Operations Branch Chief 301-287-0756 Silas.Kennedy@nrc.gov 60}}

Latest revision as of 02:00, 20 October 2019

2019 Rgn IV Top Workshop, February 6, 2019
ML19044A691
Person / Time
Issue date: 02/06/2019
From: Robert Kahler
Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response
To:
Kelly Grimes
References
Download: ML19044A691 (60)


Text

U.S. NRC Headquarters Update 2019 TOP Workshop February 6, 2019 Robert Kahler, Chief Policy and Oversight Branch Division of Preparedness and Response Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1

2 NRC Commissioners The Commission Kristine L. Svinicki, Chairman Jeff Baran Stephen G. Burns Annie Caputo David Wright Began Serving: March 2008 Began Serving: October 2014 Began Serving: November 2014 Confirmed: May 2018 Confirmed: May 2018 Term ending: June 2022 Term Ending: June 2023 Term Ending: June 2019 Term Ending: June 2021 Term Ending: June 2020 3

Discussion Topics

  • Guidance Documents
  • Licensee Interactions

Focused Self-Assessment (FSA)

  • EP Rulemaking Activities
  • Risk Perception vs Risk Reality 4

EP Guidance Documents

  • NUREG/CR-7248, Capabilities and Practices of Offsite Response Organizations for Protective Actions in the Intermediate Phase of a Radiological Emergency Response."
  • Enhance NRC understanding of ORO practices and capabilities
  • Provide technical basis for assumptions used by NRC to model protective actions in consequence studies and regulatory analyses

EP Guidance Documents

  • NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 2
  • Reflects changes to NRC/FEMA regulations, guidance, and policies
  • Consolidates numerous supplemental documents and addenda
  • Modernizes guidance technological advances and best practices
  • Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
  • Major or minor rule determination 6

Licensee Interactions (A, B, Cs)

  • Discussions on specific licensee actions need to be coordinated through Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation (NRR) Project Manager Forecast of planned licensing submittals: Regulatory Issue Summary (RIS) 2015-16
  • Pre-submittal conference call/meeting
  • Conference call to discuss proposed (draft) requests for additional information (RAIs)
  • Follow-up discussions If unsure, ask for clarification
  • State consultation (license amendment request)

FEMA consultation: Does change impact offsite plans?

7

Operating Reactor Licensing (ERO Staffing / Augmentation)

Clarifies use of NEI 10-05 (On-Shift Staffing Analysis)

Staff evaluation using NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1, Rev 1

  • Proposed Revision 2 to NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1 Letter to NEI, Entergy, NextEra - June 12, 2018 Table B-1 and Technical Basis (ADAMS ML16117A427) 8

Operating Reactor Licensing (ERO Staffing / Augmentation)

  • Table B-1 (functions/augmentation times) is intended to provide a model to consider in developing a site-specific emergency plan.
  • Emergency plan should describe the minimum ERO staffing plan Supporting EPIPs can describe any other staff response desired, as long as this staff is not critical to effective emergency plan implementation.

9

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA)

  • December 12, 2017, Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) submitted letter
  • February 7, 2018, NRC responded via letter
  • take a fresh look at the EP SDP and to convene an expert team to evaluate the EP SDP based on the NRCs experience with the EP SDP as well as inputs from external stakeholders.
  • During 2018, NRC HQ and Regional staff conducted an FSA
  • procedural reviews, EP Inspector surveys, and review of external stakeholder comments and/or suggestions.
  • Public Meetings
  • June 25, 2018, introduced FSA intent and purpose
  • January 10, 2019, provide tentative results and project plan 10

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA) 11

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA)

Safety Cornerstones Baseline Inspection Performance Indicator Results Results Significance Significance Determination Process (SDP) Threshold Action Matrix Special Inspections Regulatory Response 12

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA)

BASELINE INSPECTION PROCEDURES

.01 Exercise Evaluation (biennial exercise)

.02 Alert and Notification System Evaluation

.03 ERO Staffing and Augmentation System

.04 Emergency Action Level And E-Plan Changes

.05 Maintenance of Emergency Preparedness

.06 Drill Evaluation (resident inspector)

.07 Exercise Evaluation - Hostile Action (HA) Event

.08 Exercise Evaluation - Scenario Review 13

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA)

EP Performance Indicators (PIs)

  • Drill and Exercise Performance (DEP)
  • Emergency Response Organization Drill Participation (ERO)
  • Alert and Notification System Performance (ANS) 14

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA)

Green Very low safety significance (licensee response band)

White Low to moderate safety significance (increased regulatory response band)

Yellow Substantial safety significance (required regulatory response band)

Red High safety significance (unacceptable performance band) 15

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA)

  • However, there are several areas where the NRC should consider enhancement opportunities.
  • These enhancement opportunities are to be considered preliminary, not a final NRC position, and subject to change.

16

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA)

  • However, there are several areas where the NRC should consider enhancement opportunities.
  • These enhancement opportunities are to be considered preliminary, not a final NRC position, and subject to change.

17

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA)

Enhancement Opportunities

  • Outlook E-mail account for knowledge management and drive consistency and awareness between NRC Regions and HQs
  • COMPLETED
  • SharePoint tools to document and track issues.
  • COMPLETED
  • SharePoint tools to coordinate NRC Regional and HQ resources.
  • COMPLETED
  • Qualify HQ EP staff as EP Inspectors.
  • In Progress: 2/3 staff qualified, remaining staff member will be qualified in 2019
  • Annual EP Operating Experience Report to capture lessons-learned and other EP issues relevant to the ROP and SDP
  • COMPLETED 18

EP Significance Determination Process (SDP)

Focused Self Assessment (FSA)

Enhancement Opportunities

  • Consideration of other Reactor Safety Cornerstones when determining significance of an EP issue
  • Only these can be Greater than Green
  • Only these would require a formal 10 CFR 50.54(q) change review, and subsequent requirement for NRC prior approval
  • Revise and consolidate EP Baseline Inspection Procedures
  • Provide guidance to better risk inform: EALs, dose assessment modeling, 10 CFR 50.54(q), Fission Barrier Matrix, and Radiation Monitoring Instrumentation
  • Enhance guidance for evaluating meteorology and SCBA (joint EP and RP issue) 19
  • Revise EP Training

ANS and IPAWS

  • NRC Licensees are required to demonstrate reasonable assurance and adequate protection through the use of a viable Alert and Notification Systems (ANS)
  • 10 CFR 50.47(b)(5) means to provide early notification and clear instruction to the populace within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone have been established.
  • Appendix E licensee shall demonstrate that administrative and physical means have been established 20

ANS and IPAWS

  • There are no nuclear regulatory requirements for sirens to be the primary method an ANS
  • Some alert and notification requirements are included as specific licensing conditions for certain licensees
  • Licensee decision to implement IPAWS in lieu of sirens may require prior NRC approval or License Amendment Request (LAR)
  • NRC has final decision authority on Alert and Notification System 21

ANS and IPAWS Improvements and Innovation in 2019

  • FCC has required that IPAWS systems allow state and local governments to draw octagonal area for notifications.
  • Accuracy of the drawing will be at 1/10 of mile of the area covered
  • The FCC is completing development of a fourth WEA message to supplement the current three WEA messages in IPAWS
  • Fourth WEA message will be Testing
  • Fourth WEA message mode has potential to be used to evaluate drills and exercises
  • Current three message types are: Presidential, Amber, and Imminent Threats
  • Testing, Amber and Imminent Threat alerts can be opted-out by individual users
  • Presidential alerts cannot be opted-out by individual user
  • Increase the number of characters to be displayed in a message;
  • Ability to insert internet links, pictures and videos.

22

ANS and IPAWS

  • If the design of the primary ANS includes specific requirements that were established as part of a licensees licensing basis, then the licensee will need to use the 10 CFR 50.90 license amendment request process 23

EP Rulemaking Activities

  • Power Reactors Transition to Decommissioning
  • Small Modular Reactors and Other New Technologies (SMR/ONT)
  • Mitigation of Beyond Design Basis Events (MBDBE)

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking 25

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Research to Support Rulemaking

  • NUREG-1738, Technical Study of Spent Fuel Pool Accident Risk at Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants
  • NUREG-2161, Consequence Study of a Beyond-Design-Basis Earthquake Affecting the Spent Fuel Pool for a U.S.

Mark I Boiling Water Reactor

  • Analysis of Mitigative Actions
  • Spent Fuel Decay Time
  • Dose Rate of Accidental Radiological Release from Spent Fuel Pool 26

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking

  • The following contains information that was provided to the Commission on May 7th to support the Draft Proposed Transition to Decommissioning Rulemaking.
  • Although made public on May 22nd, the rulemaking has not been issued for public comment.
  • The Commission will vote on the rulemaking and provide a Staff Requirements Memorandum (SRM) with direction on how to proceed.
  • As such, the rule language and accompanying guidance may change and should not be considered final.

27

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Graded Approach Level 1 Permanent cessation of operations and all fuel in spent fuel pool Level 2 Spent fuel has sufficiently decayed (10 hour1.157407e-4 days <br />0.00278 hours <br />1.653439e-5 weeks <br />3.805e-6 months <br /> adiabatic heatup time)

Level 3 All fuel is in dry cask storage Level 4 All fuel removed from site 28

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Decommissioning EP Levels Power Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Operations Post Permanently ISFSI Only No Spent Shutdown Defueled Emergency Fuel Onsite Emergency Emergency Plan Plan (IOEP)

Plan (PDEP)

(PSEP)

Cessation of Power 10 months (BWR) >5 Operations and Defueled 16 months (PWR) years 29

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Post-Shutdown EP (PSEP)

  • PSEP may start after NRC dockets licensees certifications of certifications of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of all fuel from the reactor vessel.
  • PSEP is a transition period

- May only last 10 months (BWR) to 16 months (PWR)

- Significant changes to plan not anticipated

- No changes to regulations for offsite emergency plan 30

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Post-Shutdown EP (PSEP)

  • Proposed Rule provides for:

- Reduced ERO staffing

- Revisions to EALs

- ETE updates no longer required

- Annual dissemination of information to the public

- future plant status

- Revised exercise schedule (drill cycle maintained) 31

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Permanently Defueled EP (PDEP)

  • Proposed Rule provides for:

- Reduced ERO staffing

- Classification and Notification timeliness commensurate to risk and accident timing

- Events classified as NOUE or Alert

- No offsite (REP) planning requirements o No defined EPZs beyond the site boundary o No demonstration of capability for prompt public alerting o No pre-determined Protective Actions 32

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Permanently Defueled EP (PDEP)

  • Proposed Rule provides for:

- Revisions to EALs

- Emergency response facilities (TSC, OSC, EOF) may be combined

- Biennial exercise within 2 years of entering into decommissioning (drill cycle maintained)

- No hostile action requirements (security EALs maintained) 33

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Permanently Defueled EP (PDEP)

  • 10 CFR 50.47(f) Planning standards do not apply to offsite EP if EPZ does not extend beyond the site boundary.

10 CFR 50.54(s)(3) Clarifies how NRC will make findings and determinations of reasonable assurance when planning standards do not apply to offsite.

(s)(3)If the planning standards for radiological emergency preparedness apply to offsite radiological emergency response plans, the NRC will base its finding on a review of the FEMA findings and determinations as to whether State and local emergency plans are adequate and capable of being implemented, and on the NRC assessment as to whether the licensee's emergency plans are adequate and capable of being implemented.

10 CFR 50.54(t) EP program element review at 2 year intervals until all fuel in dry cask storage.

34

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking ISFSI Only EP (IOEP)

  • IOEP may start after all spent fuel is in dry cask storage
  • Part 50 and Part 52 licensees are granted a general Part 72 license
  • Application for a specific Part 72 license would require NRC approval of emergency plan 35

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking

  • Emergency Plan Change Process

- Transition to Levels

- Changes within Levels

- Changes in Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR)

- Changes in Emergency Action Levels (EALs) Classifications and Scheme(s)

  • 10 CFR 50.54(q)(7) Licensee may elect to follow and maintain a Level standard when conditions are met.
  • Transition between levels is not an RIE if changes comply with standards.
  • Changes to e-plan are not RIEs if supported by Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for Safety Systems and Components (SSCs) out of service.
  • Changes to EAL not RIE if physically unattainable.
  • Draft EP Regulatory Guide to accompany proposed rule
  • DG-1346, Emergency Planning for Decommissioning Nuclear Power Reactors (Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) Accession No. ML17311B018) 36

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking YOU ARE HERE 37

EP Decommissioning Rulemaking Decommissioning Rule Schedule

  • Final Regulatory Basis

- November 2017, ML17215A012

  • Proposed Rule/Draft Regulatory Guidance

- Provided to Commission May 7, 2018

- Public May 22, 2018, ADAMS Package ML18012A019

  • Public Comment Period (current estimate)

- April 30, 2019

  • Final Rule/Final Regulatory Guidance

- Oct 7,2019, Provide to Commission

- Dec 30, 2019, Issue FInal

EP SMR/ONT Rulemaking Draft Proposed EP SMR/ONT Rulemaking This draft document was released to support the August 22, 2018 Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards Sub-Committee public meeting. This draft document has not been subject to Commission, NRC management, and legal reviews and approvals, and its contents should not be interpreted as official agency positions. Following the public meeting, the NRC staff plans to continue working on this document as well as other documents related to this rulemaking.

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SMR/ONT Rulemaking Develop a clear set of rules and guidance for SMRs and ONT Technology Neutral or Inclusive Risk-Informed, Performance Based Principle of dose-at-distance and consequence-oriented approach to determine EPZ size 40

SMR/ONT Rulemaking

  • Proposed Rule and Guidance:

Performance-based, risk-informed Some capability based planning standards Consequence-oriented, graded-approach Technology-inclusive, but does not alter existing nuclear power reactor EP requirements Recognizes offsite response & preparedness 41

SMR/ONT Rulemaking

  • Proposed Performance Measures:

Event mitigation Protective actions, Communications, Command and control, Staffing, and Radiological assessment

  • Proposed Guidance:

General information (non-design specific) 42

SMR/ONT Rulemaking

- November 2017

  • Draft Proposed Rule/Regulatory Guidance Package
  • October 12, 2018, Provided to Commission
  • Public Comment Period (current estimate)
  • April 30, 2019
  • Final Rule/Final Regulatory Guidance

- Feb 14, 2020, Provide to Commission

- April 30, 2020, Issue Final

  • Rulemaking information
  • RIN Number: 3150-AJ68
  • www.Regulations.Gov

MBDBE Rulemaking

  • Multi Source Dose Assessment capability was removed as a requirement in the rule prior to the final rule affirmation by the Commission.
  • EP items that were determined by Commission to be addressed at the regulatory guidance level and were removed from the final rule
  • Sufficient staffing to support implementation of the capabilities required by the rule
  • Sufficient communications capability, both onsite and offsite to support implementation of the strategies required by the rule
  • Drills or exercises to demonstrate a capability to use the strategies and guidelines required by the rule 44

MBDBE Rulemaking

  • Addressed at the regulatory guidance level and the Commission concluded that the requirements imposed by the Orders (NRC Order EA-12-049 and NRC Order EA-12-051) are sufficient to provide reasonable assurance of adequate protection of public health and safety.
  • Licensees have previously committed to have in place and maintain these items via the 50.54(f) letters that were issued on March 12, 2012.
  • These items have been inspected using TI-2515/191 and NRC will determine the continuing inspection process for these items going forward.

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MBDBE Rulemaking

  • Appendix E to Part 50 - Emergency Planning and Preparedness for Production and Utilization Facilities
  • This appendix has been revised to eliminate the pointer to §50.54(hh)(2) in IV.F.2.j.and now points to the implementation of strategies, procedures, and guidance under

§50.155(b)(2) 46

10 CFR 50/52 Rulemaking

  • In SRM-SECY-15-0002 (ML13277A420) the Commission approved development of a regulatory basis to revise the regulations in 10 CFR Part 50 for new power reactor applications to more closely align with requirements in 10 CFR Part 52
  • Commission also approved revision of 10 CFR Part 52 and supporting regulations to reflect lessons learned from recent new reactor licensing activities
  • The staff is considering what items should be included in the scope of that rulemaking.

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Risk Perception vs Risk Reality 48

Risk Perception vs Risk Reality NRC Authorities

  • Atomic Energy Act of 1954, amended in 1974 empowered the NRC to establish by rule or order, and to enforce, such standards to govern these uses as "the Commission may deem necessary or desirable in order to protect health and safety and minimize danger to life or property."
  • U.S. Supreme Court has expressly held that, while states retain authority over questions of need, reliability, cost, and other related State concerns, federal preemption under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA) prevents states from regulating nuclear power for the purposes of radiological safety.
  • Helps ensure regulatory stability and predictability in the licensing process 49

NRC Authorities

  • The NRC establishes regulatory standards for offsite REP
  • Regulatory requirements for offsite radiological emergency planning/response and the REP Program are not synonymous; the licensee maintains agreements with local emergency responders that are outside of the REP program such as EMT and fire response
  • Federal lead role in evaluating offsite emergency planning and preparedness activities was transferred from the NRC to FEMA after the accident at TMI U2
  • Assignment aligned with FEMAs statutory role in promoting, funding, coordinating, and providing technical assistance for disaster preparedness
  • If NRC determines the need for offsite radiological emergency plans, they are evaluated by FEMA for adequacy; findings and determinations are reported to the NRC
  • FEMA established its REP Program to manage its responsibility in areas around nuclear power plants
  • NRC maintains responsibility for onsite emergency preparedness and overall finding of reasonable assurance (and continuing maintenance of reasonable assurance) considering FEMA input 50

Emergency Planning Zones

  • Two EPZs around each currently licensed nuclear power plant to facilitate preplanned strategies for protective actions during an emergency
  • Plume exposure pathway
  • Ingestion pathway
  • Exact size and shape of each EPZ is a result of detailed planning which includes consideration of the specific conditions at each site, unique geographical features of the area, and demographic information
  • Preplanned strategy for an EPZ provides a substantial basis to support activity beyond the planning zone in the extremely unlikely event it would be needed 51

Reasonable Assurance/

Adequate Protection

  • Reasonable Assurance: a determination that NRC licensee or applicant onsite plans and state, local, tribal government, and utility offsite plans and preparedness are adequate to protect public health and safety in the emergency planning areas of a commercial nuclear power plant FEMA evaluates offsite planning and preparedness and reports findings/determination to NRC
  • NRC evaluates onsite emergency planning and preparedness and, considering FEMAs evaluation, makes the overall decision of reasonable assurance. Once determined, assumed to remain in place unless demonstrated otherwise 52

What Has Changed? Why?

  • Commission has maintained a continuing focus on risk-informing NRC regulatory activities
  • SMRs and other new reactor designs are expected to pose risks orders of magnitude lower than already very low risk posed by current large commercial reactors
  • EPZ size and other REP capabilities should be proportional to risk without undue regulatory burden on licensees
  • Rulemaking for SMRs and other new technologies includes performance-based EP and scalable EPZ size commensurate with risk
  • EPZ size can be site boundary to some specified distance off-site
  • Ingestion planning capabilities rather than defined zone 53

Commission Policy on Advanced Reactors The Commission expects, as a minimum, at least the same degree of protection of the environment and public health and safety and the common defense and security that is required for current generation light-water reactors (LWRs) the Commission expects that advanced reactors will provide enhanced margins of safety and/or use simplified, inherent, passive, or other innovative means to accomplish their safety and security functions.

54

What If?

  • Concerns that an event could happen that could lead to doses in excess of the EPA Protective Action Guidelines offsite in a community with no formal Federally mandated REP
  • Any nuclear power plant licensed with a site boundary EPZ will present very low risk of offsite health impacts (acute or stochastic) as the result of an accident
  • But if an accident occurs, what is needed to protect public health and safety?
  • Implementation of protective measures such as evacuation/sheltering
  • Numerous examples of successful evacuations in response to no notice life-threatening non-nuclear events 55

What If?

  • Urgent protective measures include evacuation/sheltering
  • Evacuations from hazards that are immediately dangerous to life and health occur routinely and most typically without extensive preplanning
  • Freight train derailments (trains carrying haz-mat)
  • Mississauga, Ontario train derailment >200,000 people promptly evacuated (in the absence of emergency planning) due to toxic gas releases,
  • Wildfires
  • California wildfires impact hundreds of thousands of people with very short notification times under life threatening and rapidly changing conditions.
  • Flash Floods
  • September 2018 Pennsylvania Flash Flooding Triggers Evacuations, Prompts Disaster Declarations
  • PEMA stated evacuations were reported in a number of counties, but no injuries were reported.
  • July 2018 Heavy downpours are soaking parts of central Pennsylvania, causing evacuations and forcing an amusement park to close for the second time this week
  • Nothing unique is required for evacuations/shelter-in-place as a result of nuclear power plant accidents 56

What If?

  • State and local governments are responsible for the protection of public health and safety for all types of events, both natural and those related to human activities
  • NRC has high confidence in the ability of offsite response organizations to implement appropriate response actions when necessary
  • Confidence is strengthened by NRCs recognition of national-level efforts, in which the NRC participates, to enhance the state of emergency planning at all levels of government and within the whole community
  • For NRC-licensed facilities where radiological hazards present a very low offsite hazard, the risk posed by the low-level hazard can be addressed by all-hazards planning 57

Risk Trade Offs

  • Use of technologies involves some risk
  • Risks can be reduced but not eliminated; society must balance the benefits of enabling technologies against risks that cannot be completely eliminated without rendering the technologies infeasible
  • By focusing on Safety Goals, the NRC keeps the risk associated with radioactive materials very small compared to other risks to which members of the public are exposed, while still enabling use of such materials consistent with National policy as reflected in the Atomic Energy Act
  • NRCs safety mission is achieved once Safety Goals are met for an acceptable level of risk; thus, not imposing undue burden on licensees 58

Risk Perception vs Risk Reality Changes?

  • Reactor technology is changing,
  • EP is evolving,
  • NRCs mission to protect the health and safety of the public remains unchanged 59

For More Information Bob Kahler, Policy & Oversight Branch Chief 301-287-3756 Robert.Kahler@nrc.gov Joe Anderson, Reactor Licensing Branch Chief 301-287-9300 Joseph.Anderson@nrc.gov Bill Gott, Coordination Branch Chief 301-287-9256 Bill.Gott@nrc.gov Silas Kennedy, Operations Branch Chief 301-287-0756 Silas.Kennedy@nrc.gov 60