View source for 0CAN099203, Advises That Comprehensive Program Initiated to Implement Requirements of GL 89-10 Re safety-related motor-operated Valve Testing & Surveillance,Per Insp Repts 50-313/92-18 & 50-368/92-18.Program Screening Criteria Listed in Encl

{{Adams
| number = ML20104A259
| issue date = 09/03/1992
| title = Advises That Comprehensive Program Initiated to Implement Requirements of GL 89-10 Re safety-related motor-operated Valve Testing & Surveillance,Per Insp Repts 50-313/92-18 & 50-368/92-18.Program Screening Criteria Listed in Encl
| author name = Fisicaro J
| author affiliation = ENTERGY OPERATIONS, INC.
| addressee name = 
| addressee affiliation = NRC OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IRM)
| docket = 05000313, 05000368
| license number = 
| contact person = 
| document report number = 0CAN099203, CAN99203, GL-89-10, NUDOCS 9209110119
| document type = CORRESPONDENCE-LETTERS, INCOMING CORRESPONDENCE
| page count = 7
}}

=Text=
{{#Wiki_filter:7-v _'
       "A Ent';rgy
        ~~
                                                                                   $ ~ 7""-''"
                 , Operations
        .> . a_       . ~.             ~  -         -                   -.
                                                                                                    - -\
I September 3, 1992
          .0CAN099203 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Document Control Desk Mail Station F1-137 Washington, D. C. 2v555 Subject - Arkansas Nuclear One        Units 1 and 2 Docket Nos. 50-313 & $0-36a License Nos. DPR-51'& NPF-o Response to Inspection Report 50-313/92-18; 50-368/92-18 Motor Operated Valva Program Gentlemen Arkansas Nuclear One (ANO) has initiated a comprehensive program to implement the requirements of Generic Letter 89-10 "Safet/~Related Motor Operated Valve (MOV) - Testing and Surve111ance."      As stated in the subject inspect.lon repor t, this program was developed and properly imploranted to verify the capabilities of safety-related MOVs. - This response provides the information requested in Inspection Report 92-18 drted June 5,        1992.
During the review of MOV setting capability or "setpoint" calculations the inspector - identJ fled what - appeared to - be marginally sized M0"s in that t. hey possesseu. less than desirabic thrust windows between minimum . required and
        . maximum allowabic values based .on expanded factors to determine switch settings.        These margins could be further reduced in light of several . other conciderations. To address this issue, the subject inspection report requested
         .ANO to " identify all.MOVs which can be categorized as marginal and reevaluate the capability of these using supportable assumptions which account for all known sourens - of inaccuracy. This evaluation should include the-use of on-site test     results     to validate assumptions for valve factor, stem friction coefficient and rate of' loading.          The submittal should include a description u any actions planned to correct or enhance the performance of the identified The-ANO"MOV testing program contains 284 MOVs.         These MOVs were screened using the criteria outlined in Attachment A which utilized the expanded f actors to
        ' determine switch settings.          .The screening identified 36 MOVs in Unit 1
_(Attachment B) and 33 in Unit 2 (Attachment C), for a total of 69 valves that do not have at least 15% design margin available ahove minimum thrust l          requirements.       Even though nine (9) of these have successfully passed dynamic testing ' the 69 MOVs have been evaluated using operability criteria as defined in - Design Engineering St6 dard MES-01, " Guideline for Preparing Motor Valve Setpoint- Calculations".        This operability criteria allow the use of some factors which are different than those used f or design criteria for periods of 9209110119 920903 POR :ADOCK ~ 03000313 h'
i
                                                                                              ./
G                     PDR

                       -      4 1:
        .U. S.'NRC:
September 3      1992 di .-   Page 2
          , time 'to allo ( appropriate actions to be taken to return the MOV to design c
criteria' status.      These criteria- are supported by average actual test results as the evaluation' basis.       The result of these evaluations is that the 69 MOVs
        .aave been :found to - contain sufficient- capability to perform their safety function.-                                                                            l l
Additionally, where applicable, planned actions will be proposed to AN0's             1
        ! Change Review Board to ensure that program MOVs are able to meet the design         j criteria based on system safety significance. These actions are identified in-        l
         - Att achments1 B and C with implementation anticipated to occur over the next two (2) refueling-outages for each unit. .The potential exists for schedule impacts such as long-lead time parts availability, plant status, and changes to certain calculational' factors.       In addition, the planned scope may vary from those detailed as additional scoping is accomplished.        It is our intent to meet all existing commitments related to our implementation of Generic Letter 89 20.
        'Should.you have. questions or comments please call me at 501-964-8601.
        ~Very truly yours, whdi, cr.t4 Jmnes VJ. Fisicaro Director, Licensing.
         "JJF/RMC/mmg.
attachments cc    Mr. James L. Milhuan U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
               . Region.IV 611!Ryan Plaza Drive, Suite 400-Arlington,:TX ~76011-8064 Os NRC Senior ResidentLInspector
               ~ Arkansas:Nucleartone'- ANO-1 =
Number 1. Nuclear Plant Road Russellville AR 72801 Mr. Thomas W. Alexion NER Project Manager, Region IV/ANO                 U. S. Nuclear-Regulatory Commission NRR Mai1~Stop 13-H-3 One White-Flint North 11555'Rockv111e' Pike
, ;p             Rockville - Maryland ~ 20852 4               Ms. Sheri R. Peterson=
[,
NRR Projectf Manager, - Region IV/ANO-2 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRRl Mail Stop 13-H-3 L              .One White Flint-North 11555.Rockville Pike
[
L Rockville, Maryland 20852

                           -Attachment tof                                                                                        ,
                       . 0CAN0F 203     Page 1                                                                                <
      .=
ATTACHMENT .*
ANO MOV PROGRAM GENERIC-LETTER 89-10 SCOPE MOV PROGRAM SCREENING OR DESIGN CRITERIA-
                            -MOVS' SCREEN 2D -           Unit 1 - 124                               Unit 2 - 160
                           -SCREENING CRITERIA a) Rate-'of Loading                                          = 15%
(applied to Min. Req. Thrust) b) Stem Friction Coefficient                                  = 0.2 c)~ Gate Valve Seat Factors (solid andLflex wedge)                                  = 0.5 l_                                   (parallel disc)                                          = 0.4 g
0                              .d) Kalsi Thrust-Increases Applied Where Appropriate                                                                           -
e) Packing Loads                                              = 1,000 lb/in stem dia'.
f) Thrust Margin .for Setup                                   = 15%
g)1 Torque Margin.for-Setup                                   =_10% - 90. degree turn b                               h) Torque--Margin for Setup                                   =   5% - gates and globes
                           ' SCREENING METHODOLOGY:            As described in MES-01,'Rev. 2 SCREENING' CRITERIA BASIS La)-Rate of Loading:            ANO-DP. test data-to date indicate-L                                                              average value of 10.94% for 25 tests l                                                              with no dredit for negative data.
k                               b) Stem Friction Coefficient:                                ANO test: data from ~ 1R10:
indicate average value of' l
O.162 , for 37 static as-l                                                                                             left tests.
l-                              c) & d): As. stated in MES-01, Rev. 2.
e) . Packing Loads: ANO         DP          tests               to   date   as . well'- as consultation with another utility show-that actual packing loads are- well bo9aded by this value.
f) , g) -& h) : . As. stated ;in MES-01, Rev 2.
'      1 M

Attachment to:
                .      OCAN099203 Page 2 ATTACHMENT B                                                     Page 1 AND UNIT 1 - MARGINAL MOV ANALYSl$ RESULTS/ PLANNED ACTIONS f
l        lLIMitISETP0lNTCRITERIAl                  l0PERASILITYCRIT.l         j DPlAVALMARGINSOVERlModificationsorOtherl CDV TAG NO lSYST. TQR/THR            .
l            l Pack l Gear l Appl          Test    CALC. MIN. REQ.l          Actions Planned VALVE          VF   SF MU LSB %        l Red. Ef Icl Fact            Done    THRUST l TORQUE lToMeetDesignCriteria                NOTE
[.....   .....  .....;    3.....     ._....l........l......-....................
: 1. CV-2620 EFV : TQR/THR            0.50    0.20     15%         YES   l YES     1.00l           l   10.2%l       9.5%   Actuator /RedMEDP---1R12l12
: 2. CV 2626 EFV          TQR         0.50    0.20     15%              j          1.00l           l 36.6%l 12.1% Gears /RedMEDP------IR12l-
: 3. CV-2627 EFV TQR/THR
:                       0.50    0.20l15%                  l       l0.90l             )   10.2%l       5.4%l Actuator /RedMEDP---IR12l12
: 4. CV-2670 i EFV        TQR.        0.50    0.20l15%'         .
l       l1.00l                 36.6%l 12.1% lGean teduce MEOP---lR12l
      ~. CV-2869         EFV     TQR    4 0.50;   0.20l15%           l      l       l0.90l        YES      51.4%l       6.1%l hone /neduceMEDP              l 6,' CV-2870        EFVl TQR l 0.53l 0.20l 15%                     lYESlYESl1.00l             lYESl 23.3%l 5.2%l Motor /ReduceMEDP--IR12l17
: 1. CV-2613  , MSl TQR l0.50                 0.20     15%l             lYESl1.00l         l       l 66.3%l 14 . 2% l Gea r s ------------I R 11
: 2. CV 2617       MSl'TQR l0.50              0.20     15%l     .YESlYESl1.00l             ,YES] 38.1%l 12.5%l Actuator------------lR11 10 3,    CV 2663       MS     TQR - l     0.48    0.20l15%l         lYESlYESl1.00l             l       ) 44.7%l 7.6%l Actuator-----------IR11l
: 4. CV-2619       MS  TQR/THR        0.40    0.20l15%l          lYESl          l0.90l     l       l 39.4%l 5.1%l Actuator-----~~.-lR11l11
: 5. CV-2676       MS  TQR/THR        0.40    0.20l15%l          lYE5l          l0.90l     l       l 39.4%l 5.1%l Actuator--~~-----1Rlll11
: 1. CV-2624l FV          NCNEl0.50l0,20l15%l                   l       l         0.90l    l       l176.9%l220.5%{NoMods/ReduceMEDP                     l 14 l
: 2. CO-2625l TV           TCB l 0.30 0.20l15%l                              YES    1.00            l 55.1%          6.5%l Actuator /RaiseMEDP-1R11l15
: 3. CV-?a0] FWl Tb                   0.40 0.20l15%l                        YES    1.00            l 26.2%          6.8% l Gears / Revise MEDP--lR11l 13
: 4. CV2bl4l F 4. l NONE 0.50 0.20l15%l                                          l0.90;             l176.9%. 220.5%lNoMods/ReduceMEDP                    l14
: 5. CV-2675l FVl TQR- 0.30 0*0l'15%l                                   lYESl1.00l         l       l 55.1% ! 6.5% Actuator / Raise MEDP-1R11 15
: 6. CV-2680l FVl'TQR_ 0.40 0.20l15%l                                    lYESl1.00l         l       l 26.'i%i 12.8% -. Gears / Revise MEDP---lR11                   13
: 1. CV-1206) MUlTQR/VLV)0.37                 6.!ai 0%l~       -lYESl           l1.00l     lYESl 20.5%l 12.8%lValvedisc/ Gears----1R11l 1 2.'CV-1214l Mul NONE                   0.40    0.20l15%           l      l       l0.90;        YESl 46.2%        ' 17.7%    None                         l2
    - 3. CV-1216l Mul NONE , 0.40                 0,20l15%           l      l       l0.90              l 46.2%         17.7%   None                         l2
    -- 4 , CV-1233l MUl-NONEl 0.40l0.20l15%,                            l      l       l0.90       .
l 92.0%         20.3%   None                         l3
    ; 5. CV-1234l MU lTQR/VLVl 0.40l0.20l11%l                        lYESj          l0.90l     lYESl        3.7%l 24.7% l valve / Gears-------IRlll                     4
     .1. CV 1407       BS     TQR         0.50l0.20l15%l                    l       l1.00                  74,C l       5.1%   Gea rs -+--------~ ~- 1 R 12
: 2. CV-1408          BS     TQR         0.50    0.20 15%                  l       l1.00                  74.17 1 11.0% Gea r s ------------- 1 R12         :
: 3. CV-1436;         BS     TQR l0.45           0.20 15%           l      l       l0.90l                 26.4%l       5.1% lNone                                      7
: 4. _CV-143-         BS l TQR l0.45             0.20: 15%l        l       l       l0.90l     l       l 26.4%l         5.1% lNone                          l?
     -1. CV-2400       CS l TQR            1.10   0.20     15%       l              l1.00l     l           32.0%       15.4% lGuars------------l R12 l
: 2. CV-2401       CSl'TQR             1.10   0.20     15%       l              l1.00l     l         -32.0%        15.4%l Gears---------------1R12l "3. CV-2800       CSl TOR'l0.50l0.20l15%                        l. lYESl1.00          lYESl189.5%l            18. 6% lG srs-------------1R 12                 16
: 4. CV 2802       CSl TQR l0.50)0.20l15%                        lYESl          l0.90      lYESl255.7%l 10.9%l Gears /SpPack------lR12
: 1. CV-3811l SV l TQR l NAl NAl'NAl                             l      l       l1.00l     l       l    NA    l 19.2% lMoter---        --------1R12l
: 1. CV-1404        DH l TQR'          O.46    0.20l15%l         l       l       l0.90      l       l 14.1%l         7.0%lNone                           l5 2.- 'CV-1416        DHl TQR             1.10   0.20l15%l          lYESl          l 0.90   -
l-      l 52.1%l 11.8% l Actuator / Valve-----1R11l 6
: 1. CV-2215l-ICV l TQR l0.40l0.20l15%l                          l      l       l0.90              l168.9%          7.2% l Spring Pack-------1R12l 8
: 2. CV-2221l!CV[.TQR l0.40)0.20l15%l                            lYESl           l0.90              l256.7%         20.7% l Spring Pack---- -- -1R12l 9
: 1. CU-6205l AL-l TQR l0.50l0.20l15%l                            lYESl          l0.90l     l       l437.8%l 51.3%lSpringPack-------1R12l LEGEND: VF                 = Valve Friction Factor SF MU          = Stam Thread Friction Coefficient LSB            = toad Sensitive E.ahavior Pack Red. = Packing Load Reduction Gear Ef Ic = Increase in Geat Efficiency for Motor Pullout Equation Appl Fact = Application Factor Removal

l
                                  ~
V   . Attadhment to:                                                                                                            <
       -         OCAN099203 Page 3 Page 2 NOTES:
1l iV-1206 - DP test successfully completed. Actual test results for VF, LSB Packing used for operability.
: 2. CV-1214/1216 - AD parallel disc valves. DP test successful M 1214. Test data bounded by evaluation assumptions 3, CV 1233 - AD parallel dio valve.
: 4. CV-1234 '- DP test success:.lly completed. Actual data used for VF, LSB & Packing. Valve seats limiting.
: 5. CV-1404 - VF of 0.46 seceptable for Design Criteria sir.:e valve is low pressure, uld water service.
Present analysis assumes no inadvertent operation. If 10 remains in prweam, mod will be needed 1R12.
: 6. CV 1416 - Actuator replacement required to meet Design Criteria. Valve replacement to eliminate obsolete design 7, CV-1436/1437 - VF of 0.45 acce.ntable for Design Criteria since MEDP is low (120) in cold water service.
Used 100% voltage since operation is during Rec, Mode more than 3 minutes after ES initiation.
: 8. CV-2215 - AD parallel disc valve.
9; CV-2221 - AD parallel disc valve.
: 10. CV-2617 - DP Test successfully completed. Design Criteria envelopes test data.
11,-C"-2619/2676 - VF acceptable for temporary use (Non-Blowdown).
: 12. CV-2620/2627 - Limited by actuator thrust rating.
: 13. CV-2630/2680 - AD parallel disc valves.
: 14. CV-2624/2674 - MEDP reduced since ADV downstream closes first. Will pursue program removal as M7Vs are non-Q.
: 15. CV-2625/2675 - AD parallel disc valve _two speed actuator. Low speed meets Design Criteria, 16.-CV-2800 - DP-Test _successfully completed. Test data enveloped by Design Criteria, 17, CV-2870 - Full MEDP test sucessfully run. Test data used where above Design Critcria.
Mods recomended to restore setup margin.
I i.
1 i
l l

      ,-                                                     Attachment to:
           .                                                 OCAN099203 Page 4 ATTACHMENT C                                                                                          Page 1 MO UNIT 2 - MAPGINAL MOV ANALYSIS RESULTS/PLANNEO ACTIONS l LIMIT'SETPOINTCRITERIAl                         l0PERABILITYCRIT.l                                                                   l OPlAVALMARGINSOVERlModificationsorOtherl MOV T AG P0 - SYST.lTQR/THR                                                          l         l     l                       Pack lGeariAppil                                                           l Test l CALC. MIN. REQ.l                  Actions Planned         l l val.VE     . VFlSFMUt.SB%l                                Red.lEfIcl Fact l                                                          l Donel THRUS' \ TORQUE lTo Meet Design Criteria l NOTE
__................l................- .....l..... .....:.....l.....l_....l_....l.......l....._.....................__...
6.8% . Gears-------------2R10
: 1. 2CV-0795L EFV I TQR                                                        0.50 0.20 15%l                                                                 YESl1.00l                                l          l146.8%l
: 2. 2CV-1026 EW l TOR l 0.40 0.20 15%l                                                                             l                                lYESl1.001                                         l          l 47.9%l            7.1% l Motor /Spg Pack-----2R10            4 3, 2CV 1036 TFVl TQ9                                                          0.40 0.20 15%l                      l                                l                                 l1.00)           }          l 27.1%l 13.0% l Gears /Spg Pack-----2R10 4
: 4. 2CV 1037 EFVl TQR , 0.50 0.20' 15%l                                                                            l                                l                                l1.00l            l         l 37.7%l 14 .1 % l Gea r s ------------ 2 R 10 ]
: 5. 2CV-1038 EFV                                                  iQR l 0.40 0.20]15%                             l                                l                                 l1.00l           l l
27.1%l 13.0% Gears /SpgPack------2R10l 4
: 6. 2CV-1039 EFV                                                   1QR        0.50 ,0.20l15%                       l                                l                                 l0.90l           l                37.7%l       7 E%    None                         l 7.2CV1076lEFWl TQR                                                          0.40l0.20l15%l                       l                                lYESl1.00l                                         l                22,0%l       7.1%l Motor /SpgPack------2R10] 4
: 1. 2CV-1418                                             SV      TQR l NA               NA l NA l                l                                 l                                l1.00!           l                 N4 l        6.4%lNoMods/PeduceMEOP                      5
: 2. 2CV-1419                                              SW       TQR l NA              NA l NA                                                    l                                 l0.90l          l                 NA    l     6.5%lNoMods/ReduceMEDP                      5
: 3. 2CV-1421 . SV                                                 TQR l NAl NA l NA                                                                 l                                 l1.00l           l         l      NA    l 10.8%lNoMods/ReduceMEOP                         5
: 4. 2CV-1422! SWl                                                 TQR l N9               NA l NA\                  l                                 l                                l1.00l           l         l      NA    i 10.8% l     No Mods / Reduce MEOP         l5 l5        '
5, 2CV-1425                                             SWl     TQR l NA               NAl NA l                  l                                 l                                l1.001                     l      NA    l      1.4%   Nu Mods / Reduce MEDP
: 6. 2CV-1427                                             SV      TQR         NA I
NA    NA                   l                                lYESl1,00l                                                   l     NA l         9.3% ' No Mods / Reduce MEOP               5
: 7. 2CV-1511                                             SV      TQR         NA        NA    NA                   l                                lYES                                     1.00l       ,
l     NA     l 22.4%lNone                                     6 8.2CV-1513l SWl TQR                                                          NA     , NAl NA                      l                                 lYES                                    1.00l      l        l     NA     l 20.2%l Motor /HBC/SpgPack---2R9]               i 9.2CV-1519] SWl TQR l NA l NAl NAl                                                                               l                                 lYESl1.00]                                         l        l      NA l 22.4%l Motor /HBC/SpgPack--2R9l 7 1, 2CV-0340                                            MS l NONE          0.50      0,20' 15%l                   l                                l                                       0.90l      lYESl 57.3%l                9.3%lNone
: 2. 2CV-1000                                         ;
MS l TQR           0.50      0,20 15%l                    l                                l                                       1.00l      l        l 52.6%l           6.9%l Gears /SpPack-~~---2R3 3.2CV-1002l MSlTQR/VLVl0.40l 0.17 l 15%                                                                         lYESl                                                                ;1.00!          l        l 23.9%l          6.8%lAduator------------2R9l                1 4.2CV1050l MSl TQR l0.50 0.20l15%                                                                                                                 l                                l0.9C'     ,      l        l 52.6% )         6.6%l Gears /SpPack--------2R9]
5.2CV-1052l MSlTQR/VLVl0.40 0.17l15%l                                                                                     YESl                                                     l0.90l            l        l 23.9%l          6.8%lActuator------------2R9l               1 1.2CV-5612l BSl TQR l0.45]0.20l15%l lYES{                                                              l0.50l            l       l11s.8%l          5.4%lNone                             l 10 2.2CV-5613l BS                                                 10R       u45l0.20)t5%                            lYESl                                                              l0.90l             l       l113.8%l         8.0%\None                             l .0 3.2CV-5628l BS                                                NONE      0.50l0.20]15%                           l                                l                                 l0.90l             l       l 58.1%l 23.1%lReduceMEOP                              l 1,2CV-1023lMFVl TQR                                                    0.50l NAl 5%l                                      YES                                                     l0.90l             l       l 10.8%l 12.3%lNone                                    l1       5 2,2CV-1024]MFVl TQR                                                    0.50) NAl101l                                                                                               l0.90l            l       l 14.3%l 236%lNone                                      l3 3.2CV-1073)MfVl TQR                                                    0.50        NAl 5%l                      lYES                                                               }0.90\            \       l 10.8%         15.5%lNone                                    2 4.2CW1074]MFVl TQR                                                     0.50        NAl10%l                      l                                                                  l0.90l            l       l 14.3%         23.6%[None                                    3 1.2CV5081lLPStl TQR l0.50]0.20l15%l                                                                            lYESl                                                              l0.90l             l      l138.3%l 44.1%lNone                                     l9 1.2CV-4820lCVCSl TQR                                                  1.10l0.20]15%l                           l                                 l                                l 0.M             l       l          l           lNo results available           l8 2.2CV-4824lCVCSl NONE                                                 1.10l0.20l151l                           l                                 l                                l0.90             l       l 16.6%l 50.5%lNone                                    l 3,2CV-4827lCVCSl NONE                                                 1.10l0.20l15%l                            l                                l                                l0.90l            l       l 14.6%l 30.8%lNoMods/ReduceMEDP                       l 4.2CV-4831lCVCSl NONE                                                 1.10)0.20)15%l                            l                                l                                 l0.90l            l      l 14.6%l 30.8%lNoMods/ReduceMEOP                        l LEGEND: VF                                                      = Valve Friction factor SF MU         = Stem Thread Friction Coeff tetent LSB           = Lo # $ensitive Behavior Pack Red. = Packing Load Reduction Gear Ef Ic = Increase in Gen Ef f tetency for Motor Pullout Equation Appl Fact = Application Factor Removal

l Attachment to:
  +
      .                          OCAN099203 Page 5 Page 2 NOTES:
: 1. 2CV-1002/1052 - Reduced VF, $F MU and Packing based on DP test results averages to date. Act.replacment 10/92.
: 2. 2CV-1023/1073 - Lower L5B acceptable - ball screw stem nut design. Lower pscking based on av age test results.
: 3. 2CV-1024/1074 - Lower LSB acceptable - ball screw stem nut design.
4, 2CV-1026/1036/1038/1076 - VF reduced from 0.50 to 0.40 pending 'odifications. (NON-BLOVDOWN MOVS)
: 5. 2CV-1418/1419/1421/1422/1425/1427 - No mods reccmnended. MEOP to Le revised to all'w for alternate flowpaths.
: 6. 2C1' 1511 - ho mods recomended since mods are a result of inadvertent operation. Mods may be rec. 2R11.
Operability also includes taking credit for increased HBC unit capability based on test program.
: 7. 2CV-1513/1519 - Operability also include taking credit for increasing HBC capability based on test program.
: 8. 2CV-4820 - Correct valve component calculation on order. Initial evaluation used inappropriate calculation.
: 9. 2CV-5081 - No operability concerns. 2R9 test to confim use of lower packing for design.                           -
: 10. 2CV-5612/5613 - VF reduced from C 50 to 0.45 pending further test information Considered acceptable for design     '
since /alves are low pressure, cold water service with safety direction to open.
r o
um Wh
                                                                                                                                                         ,I
          -                          -      -    _       _-______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _    _   ____ __}}