ML20099H166
| ML20099H166 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Limerick  |
| Issue date: | 06/19/1984 |
| From: | Mcgill B, Simpson D OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY |
| To: | NRC OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION (ADM) |
| References | |
| CON-FIN-A-9100 A-168, NUREG-CR-1276, OL-A-168, NUDOCS 8411280049 | |
| Download: ML20099H166 (28) | |
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a ORNL/NUREG/TDMC-1 User's Manual for LADTAP ll A Computer Program for Calculating Radiation. Exposure to Man from -
Routine Release of Nuclear Reactor Liquid Effluents b[<,,9; N Manuscript Completed: March 1980 Date Published: May 1980
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k Oak Ridge National Laboratory l Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Prepared for Division of Technical Information and Document Control Office of Administration U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20566 NRC FIN No. A9100 huCLEAR REGULATORY CO,1;f;5Sgcg4 0
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PREFACE The main purpose of this manual is to provide a user's guide to the preparation of input for the 1ADTAP II computer program and to make available in one document essential information for its understanding and use. The basic methodology, published in NRC Regulatory Guides 1.109 and 1.113, is included as appendices with the permission of Technical Information and Document Control Division, Office of Administra-tion, U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Comunission. Background information on the original LADTAP code development is referenced.
A brief abstract (page vii) is prepared for use by indexing services.
A detailed abstract (Section 1) is furnished for the technical person who needs to make a quick judgment prior to requesting the complete code package from the disseminating agency (Section 1.12).
The authora clain no credit for the original LADTAP development, the work of staff members of the Radiological Assessment Branch of the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Cossaission. We acknowledge with deep appreciation their technical guidance throughout the LADTAP revision and documentation process. Since documentation, as well as code development, is subject to change following critical examination and usage, we solicit feedback l
from the user community.
Questions and feedback from usage concerning the RSIC-distributed
, code package should be referred to the Radiation Shielding Information Center (RSIC),OakRidgeNationalLaboratory,,P./.BoxX,OakRidge, Tennessee 37830 (Telephone: 615-574-6176 or FTS 624-6176).
1 We acknowledge with appreciation the work of Ms. Eddie Bryant in the preparation of this document for publication.
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) The Authors l
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CONTENTS AB S IRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v ii SECTION 1 - PROGRAM ABSTRACT........................................ 1 1.1. Program Identification................................ 1 1.2. Problem Solved . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 1.3. Method of So1ution.................................... 1 1.4. Related Materia 1...... ... ... ..... ... ............. 2 1.5. Restrictions.......................................... 2 1.6. Computers............................................. 2 1.7. Running T1me.......................................... 2 1.8. Programming Languages................................. 2 1.9. Operating System...................................... 3 1.10. Machine Requirements.................................. 3 1.11. References............................................ 3 1.12. Availability.......................................... 4 SECTION 2 - USER'S INF0EHATION...................................... 5 2.1. Introduction.......................................... 5 2.2. Input Specifications.................................. 6 2.3. Additional User Information.......................... 13
-~ 2.4. FIDO Inpu t Sy s t em . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 V
APPENDIX A - NRC REGULATORY GUIDE 1.109, Rev. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 APPENDIX B - NRC REGULATORY GUIDE 1.113, Rev. 1.................... 111 APPENDIX C - DOSE FACTOR LIBRARY................................... 171 t
I APPENDIX D - SAMPLE PROBLEM INPUT AND OUTPUT....................... 199 APPENDIX E - SOURCE CODE LISTING................................... 277
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la ABSTRACT LADTAP II, a revision of the original IADTAP, implements the radiological exposure models of Regulatory Guide 1.109 appropriate for determining the radiation done to man from the pathways in the aquatic environment - potable water, aquatic foods, shoreline deposits, swi=dng, boating, and irrigated foods. Doses for both the navi==
individual and the general population are calculated as a function of age group and pathway for appropriate ;
body organa. It also implements the models of WASH-1258 for calculation of doses to certain species of biota other than man.
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l SECTION 1. PROGRAM ABSTRACT
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1.1. Program
LADTAP II (Liquid _ Annual _ Doses to _All P,ersons) -
a revision of the original LADTAP (listed in NUREG-0133).
1.2. Problem Solved Evaluation of radiological exposure due to the release of radioactive material from nuclear power plants during normal operation via liquid effluent pathways. I.ADTAP II, as was its predecessor, is used in reactor licensing evaluations to estimate maximum individual and general popula-tion doses by the Radiological Assessment Branch (RAB). Division of Site Safety and Environmental Analysis (DSE), Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation (ONRR), United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).
It may also be used for calculation of doses to certain representative primary and secondary organisms, other than man, in the aquatic environment.
1.3. Method of Solu't ion 1.ADTAP II implements the radiological exposure models described in' US NRC Regulatory Guide 1.109, Rev. 1 (Appendix A) for radioactivity releases in liquid effluent. The usage factors contained in Regulatory Guide 1.109 have been included as standard assumptions but may easily be i
l replaced with site-specific data.
! Up to 200 nuclides may be included in the release source cara.
Reconcentration, if any, of each nuclide is determined from one of the
- three models (chosen by the user) available in the program, or the user may input the reconcentration factor if none of the models available in l the program is appropriate. Available options include the complace mixing, partial mixing, or the plug-flow model. These models are i described in US NRC Regulatory Guide 1.113 (Appendix B). A companion dose factor library is searched to obtain appropriate dose factors for
, each age group for each nuclide in the release input.
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i LADTAP II calculates the radiation exposure to man from potable water, aquatic foods, shoreline deposits, swimming, boating, and irriscted foods, and also the dose ,to biota. Doses.are calculated for both the maximum individual and for the population and are summarized for each pathway by age group and organ. It also calculates the doses to certain representative biota, other than man, in the aquatic environment such es fish, invertabrates, algae, muskrat, raccoon, heron, and duck using models presented in WASH-1258, 1.4. Related Material An external data file of dose factors (the dose factor library)
The internal supplied with the code and tabulated in Appendix C is used.
dose factors in the library are taken (with revisions for some radio-
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nuclides) from NUREG-0172, _ Age, Specific Radiation Dose Commitment Factors i
For a One-Year Chronic Intake, November 1977.
1.$. Restrictions j Limits for the number of dose receptor locations, etc., to be input are given in the input description. Many constant parameter values are stored in block DATA and once a parameter in common block DATA is altered, it remains at that value until altered further.
1.6. Computers Source decks for both IBM and CDC are available.
l 1.7. Running Time i
The sample problem distributed with the code executes in less than f
10 sec. of IBM-360/91 CPU time from the loaded program.
i 1.8. Prostamming Lanausses
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No special requirements or restrictions are made of the operating system.
1.10. _Ms-hine Requirements-Approximately 60,000 words of memory are required. A sequential access device is required for the dose factor library.
1.11. References t
(1) Calculation g Annual Doses to Man from Routine Releases g Reactor
, Effluents for the Purpose g Evaluating Compliance with 10, 0CFR Part
,$_0, Appendix I, U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Regulatory Guide 1.109, Revision 1, October 1977. (APPENDIX A)
(2) Ratisatina Aquatic Dispersion g Effluents From Accidental and Routine Reactor. Releases for the Purpose d Implementing Appendix 1 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Regulatory Guide 1.113, Revision 1 April 1977. (APPENDIX B) i (3) C. R. Hoenas and J. K. Soldat, Aze-Specific Radiation Dose
! Coussiement Factors for,a,One-Year _ Chronic Intake, NURIC-0172, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washington, for the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D. C. 20555 November 1977.
(4) J. S. Boegli, W. L. Brits, R. 1. Bellamy, and R. L. Waterfield, Preparation d Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for Nuclear Power Plants, NURIC-0133, U. S. Nuclear Regulatory I
Commission, Washington, D. C. 20555, October 1978.
(5) Final Environmentel Statement Concerning Proposed Rule Naking Action - Vol. 2 Analytical Models and Calculations (Appendix F) -
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1973.
e Available for purchase from the NRC/CPO Sales Program, U.S. Nuclear G Regulatory Comunission, Washington, D.C. 20555, and the National Technical Information Service Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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l 1.12 Availability The code package,' including documentation, is available from the Radiation Shielding Information Center (RSIC)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory P. O. Box X 9
Oak Ridge, TN 37830 i
A full reel of magnetic tape, furnished by the requester, is required l for transmittal of the code package. The requester should include
! in his letter of request information as to how the tape should be l written (what track channel and what density) and on what computer the code will be implemented.
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SECTION 2 - USER'S INFORMATION l
l 2.1. Introduction L.
p LADTAP II is a revisio-a anO update of IADTAP, originally developed by James S. Bland NRC/ONRR/DSE/RAB. Several modifications to 1ADTAP suggested by Keith F. Eckerman (formerly with RAB) and Sarbeswar Acharya 1
(RAB) were incorporated, and an independent assessment of the code was performed within the Technical Data Management Center (TDHC). Engineering i Physics Divisien (EPD), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
The revisions and the revised code assessment studies to IADTAP were performed by David B. Simpson within the NRC-sponsored ORNL/TDMC.
lf The LADTAP II . User's Manual was written by TDMC staff members, Simpson and Betty L. McGill with the liberal assistance of the contract monitor,
!I Sarbeswar Acharya.
Questions and feedback from usage concerning the RSIC-distributed code package should be reg.rred to the Radiation Shielding Information l Center (RSIC), ORNL, P. O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 (Telephone:
615-574-6176 or FTS 624-6175).
A particular modification performed was the incorporation of a scheme which allows the user te alter easily the standard usage parameters I
in Regulatory Guide 1.109 (Appendix A) to allow for site-specific data.
The PIDO Q1oating Index Data _ Operations) input system (Section 2.4) is used in many computer programs and affords an efficient and well-suited l procedure for achieving this capability. Most of the standard usage parameters have been collected into a common block named DATA. A description of this common block is presented in Section 2.2.2 and an edit of the default values may be,obtained by placing a '-l' in columns 49 and SC of the second input data card. This is illustrated in the
, sample problem in Appendix D.
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2.2. Input Specifications LADTAP II incorporates the calculational models and parameters projected in Regulatory Guide 1.109 (Appendix A) as standard assumptions.
The program allows the user to change these parameters to allow for site-specific data.
Some parameter defaults may be altered using either of two means. Any parameter stored in common block DATA may be changed The usage factors using the FIDO input (Section 2.4) described below.
contained in Tables E.4 and E.5 of Regulatory Guide 1.109 may be altered by selecting the correct options and inserting the appropriate data cards (e.g., card #7a, 7b, 7c, 7d). Once the parameters are changed, they The Guide should be remain at the altered values for further use.
consulted for additfonal information on these models and parameters.
2.2.1. User Input Some data cards input data cards are referenced by a card number.
contain a field through which the user may specify that optional input will follow.
These additional data cards are. designated by a lower case i
alphabetic subscript along with the same card number as that of the These data cards previous card containing the option (e.g., card #7).
are input only if the option for their input is chosen.
Format Description Card Number _ Columns _
General site information 1 3-80 A78 Site identification 1-10 Il0 0/>0 = Freshwater / saltwater site E 2
11-20 E10 Total discharge from all units (ft /sec) 21-30 E10 Release multiplier (i.e., multiplier of source term which is number of reactor units.)
31-40 110 ([ 0/>0 = no effect/ editfactors percentages for Tech. asSpec. well as printout of Af 41-50 110 ,, -1/0/1/2 = Edit only/no effect/ override I 7 and edit / override only parameter defaults
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l 3 1-10 E10, 50 mile population (-ve to printout Ag factors for Tech. Spec.)
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11-20 I10 0/> 0 = No effect/ change the population age distribution
. 3a 1-10 E10 Adult fraction of population 11-20 E10 Teenage l- " " "
i 21-30 E.10 Child Source term 4 3-80 A78 Source identification 5.1 3-4 A2 Nuclide symbol, left justified i 5-9 AS Mass numbers, lef t justified, including
!i M for metastable states 11-20 E10 Release rate (1 ci/yr for Ag , factors for Tech. Spec.).
l 21-30 E10 Reconcentration factor (used if no reconcentration model is selected in I card 6). The default value is 1.
f 5.2 (One card for each release. Last release must be followed by
. a blank card to designate the end of the source specification.
. Maximum number of releases is 200.)
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6 1-10 110 0/1/2/3 = No reconcentration / complete mixing / Plug flow model/ Partial mixing 11-20 E10 Blowdown rate from pond (ft3 /sec) 21-30 E10 Total volume of impoundment (ft3 )
I ALARA specifications (dose to individual) 7 1-10 110 0/>0 = No effect/ change the standard usage and consumption parameters 11-20 E10 Shorevidth factor
! 21-30 E10 Dilution for aquatic foods 31-40 E10 Dilution for shoreline -
41-5(I E10 Dilution for drinking water-51-60 E10 Discharge transit' time (hr) 4 61-70 E10 Transit timo to drinking water intake (hr) 7a .(Altered usage: adult parameters).
1-10 E10 Fish consumption (kg/yr) 11-20 E10 Invertebrate consumption (kg/yr) 21-30 E10 Algae consumption (kg/yr) 31-40 E10 Water usage (liters /yr) 41-50 E10 Shoreline usage (hr/yr) 51-60 E10 Swimming usage (hr/yr) 61-70 E10 Boating usage (hr/yr) 7b,7c,7d (As above for teenagers, children, and infants respectively) l }
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Selected locations (dose to individual)
O 8 1-10 110 0/>0 = No effect/ change the standard usage and consumption parameters 11-20 E10 Dilution 21-30 E10 Transit time (hr) 31-40 E10 Shorevidth factor
- 41-52 A12 Locatio'n identification i 8a - (Altered usage
- adult parameters) 1-10 E10 Fish consumption (kg/yr) 11-20 E10 Invertebrate consumption (kg/yr) 21-30 E10 Algae consumption (kg/yr) 31-40 E10 Water usage (liters /yr) 41-50 E10 Shoreline usage (hr/yr) 51-60 E10 Swimming-usage (hr/yr) l 61-70 E10 Boating usage (hr/yr) 8b,8c,8d (Same as 8a except for teenagers, children, and infants respectively) f l NOTE: There is one card 8 set used for each selected location. The
! last location must be followed by a blank card.
POPUIATION (dose specifications) l Card Number Columns Format Description Sport fish harvest (One card for each location; last location followed by
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a blank card. Maximum number of locations is 20.)
9 1-10 E10 Fish harvest (kg/yr) 11-20 E10 Dilution 21-30 E10 Transit time (hr)
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l 31-50 A20 location identification i Commercial fish harvest (One card for each location; last location followed by a blank card. Mari== number of locations is 20.)
10 1-10. E10 Fish harvest (kg/yr) 11-20 E10 Dilution
- 21-30 E10 Transit time (hr) 31-50 A20 Location identification Sport invertebrate harvest (One card for each location; last location followed by a blank card. WvNnn number of locations is 20.)
I 11 1-10 E10 Invertebrate harvest (kg/yr) 11-20 E10 Dilution 21-30 .E10 Transit time (hr) 31-50 A20 Location identifiestion O
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i I Commercial invertebrate harvest (One card for each location; last location followed by a blank card. Maximum number i of locations is 20.) I 12 1-20 g E10 Invertebrate harvest (kg/yr) 11-20 E10 Dilution 21-30 E10 -
Transit time (hr) 31-50 A20 location identification Population drinking water (One card for each supplier; last supplier followed by a blank card. For each supplier, I provide either card 13A or 13B.)
l 13A 1-10 E10 Population 11-70 E10 Dilution 21-30 E10 Transit time (hr) l 51-70 A20 Supplier identification 13B 11-20 E10 Dilution 21-30 E10 Transit time (hr) 31-40 E10 System supply (gallons / day) 41-50 E10 Average individual use (gallons / day) g 51-70 A20 Supplier identification Population shoreline (One card for each location of recreational activity; last location followed by a blank card.)
14 1-10 E10 Usage (man-hours) ,
g 11-20 E10 Dilution 21-30 E10 Transit time (hr) 31-40 E10 Shorewidth factor 41-52 A12 Location identification ;
Population swimming (One card for each location of recreational activity; !
last location followed by a blank card.)
i 15 1-10 E10 Usage (man-hours) '
h 11-20 E10 Dilution 21-30 E10 Transit time (hrs) 31-42 A12 Location identification Population boating (One card for each location of recreational activity; i last location followed by a blank card.)
16 1-10 E10 Usage (man-hours) 11-20 E10 Dilution 21-30 E10- Transit time (hrs) l 31-42 A12 Location identification l
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l Irrigated foods: individual and population (Cards 17 and 18 are treated as a set: one set of cards 17 and 18 for each food type. In the absence of irrigation pathway, use a blank card after card 16 to skip cards 17 and
- 18. For each food type specified by card 17, there is a maximum of 20 locations specified by card 18 with a blank card following the last card 18 for each location set. The program recycles to card 17 for another food type. Recycling is terminated by providing a blank card.)
17 1-10 Il0 1/2/3/4 = vegetation / leafy vegetation / milk /
meat 11-20 Il0 0/>0=no effect/ change consumption parameters 21-30 E10 Irrigation rate (liters /m / 2month) 31-40 E10 Fraction of animal feed which is not irrigated 41-50 E10 Fraction of animal water intake not obtained from irrigation system 51-60 E10 Total 50 mile yield (kg) 17a 1-10 E10 Maximum adult consumption (kg/yr) 11-20 E10 Maximum teenager consumption (kg/yr) 21-30 E10 Maximum child consumption (kg/yr) 31-40 E10 Average adult consumption (kg/yr) 41-50 E10 Average teenager consumption (kg/yr)
- 51-60 E10 Average child consumption (kg/yr) 61-70 E10 Transfer time (hr) - maximum individual 71-80 E10 Transfer time (hr) - average individual 18 1-10 E10 Dilution .
11-20 E10 Productrion (kg/yr) ]
21-30 E10 Transit time (hr) !
31-50 A20 Location identification l Biota Dose (One card for each location; last location must be followed l l by a blank card.)
19 1-10 E10 Dilution I 1)-20 E10 Transit time (hr) i 21-40 A20 Location identification l
2.2.2. Additional Input Instructions The 994 words of common block DATA have been arranged for convenience in groups of variables having similar definition or usage. This arbitrary grouping was chosen for use with the FIDO input system to provide the eser a means of easily overriding parameter defaults with site specific data.
For example, to change the default values of the yield of irrigated vegetation (2.0 kg) and the duration of the irrigation (30 days) to 2.5 kg and 60 days, card 2a would appear as '1** A8 2.5 60 E T'.
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V The ordering of the variables by FIDO array number is summarized l below. The number of words in each FIDO array is given in brackets.
j, LADTAP II uses only one call to FIDO (one data block), so as many cards lI as are needed are used for the input of card 2a. The last card needed for this input must contain a 'T' as the last entry on the card. The i FIDO input system is described in a later section of this document
, (Section 2.4).
I FIDO Array Description 1* [16] General parameters
- 1. Adult fraction of population (0.71)
- 2. Tennege fraction of population (0.11)
- 3. Child fraction of population (0.18)
- 4. Total US population (2.6E+8)
- 5. Midpoint of plant life (15 years)
- 6. Process time of aquatic foods (24 hrs.)
- 7. Process time in water supply system (12 hrs.)
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- 8. Yield of irrigated vegetation (2.0 kg)
- 9. Duration of irrigation (30 days)
- 10. Milk animal's consumption of pasture (50 kg/ day)
- 11. Milk animal's consumption of water (60 liters / day) 9 12. Beef animal's consumption of pasture (50 kg/ day)
- 13. Beef animal's consumption of water (50 liters / day)
- 14. Vegetation capture fraction (0.25)
- 15. Weathering half-time of foliar deposition (14 days)
I 16. Density thickness of root zone (240 kg/m2 )
2* [7] Maximum infant's usage parameters
- 1. Consumption of fish
- 2. Cons mption of freshwater invertebrates
- 3. Cons ption of aquatic plants
- 4. Cons.uption of water
- 5. Shortline usage,
, 6. Swinaning usage
- 7. Boating usage 3* [7] Maximum child's usage parameters (see 2*) ,
4* [7] Maximum teenager's usage parameters (see 2*) l l
5* [7] Maximum adult's usage parametern (see 2*)
6* [3] Saltwater invertebrate consumption
- 1. Maximum child
- 2. Maximum teenager
- 3. Maximum adult l I l
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- 1. Average adult consumption
- 2. Average teenager consumption
- 3. Average child consumption
- 4. Maximum adult consumption
- 5. Maximum teenager consumption
- 6. Maximum child consumption-
- 7. Process time for average individuals l 8. Process time for maximum individuals 8* [8] Leafy vegetation parameters (see 7*)
l l 9* [8] Milk parameters (see 7*)
l l 10* [8] Meat parameters (see 7*)
11* [12] Parameters for sport and commercial fish and i
invertebrate harvests i
- 1. Process time between harvest and consumption of sport catch (168 hrs.)
- 2. Process time between harvest and consumption of commercial i catch (240 hrs.)
- 3. Freshwater commercial harvest of fish (44E+6 kg.)
l 4. Freshwater commercial harvest of invertebrates (2.3E+6 kg.)
l- 5. Saltwater comercial harvest of fish (6.58E+8 kg.)
- 6. Saltwater comercial harvest of invertebrates (4.lE+8 kg.)
- 7. Average adult's consumption of fish (6.9 kg.)
- 8. Average teenager's consumption of fish (5.2 kg.)
- 9. Average child's consumption of fish (2.2 kg.)
- 10. Average adult's consumption of invertebrates (1.0 kg.)
l 11. Average teenager's consumption of invertebrates (0.75 kg.)
l 12. Average child's consumption of invertebrates (0.33 kg.)
i 12* [3] Average individual's annual water consumption
- 1. Adult (370 liters)
- 2. Teenager (260 liters) i 3. Child (260 liters) 13* [100] Freshwater BAF's for fish 14* [100] Freshwater BAF's for invertebrates
. 15* [100] Freshwater BAF's for aquatic plants 16* [100] Saltwater BAF's for fish 17* [100] Saltwater BAF's for invertebrates 12 L .
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[. 18* [100] Saltwater BAF's for aquatic plants i
19* [100] Meat transfer parameters (day /kg.)
! 20* [100] Milk transfer parameters (days / liter) 21* [100] Soil to plant transfer parameters i
2.3. Additional User Information l
g Cards 7 and 8 are used for individual doses.' Card 7 is dasigned
{ for the Appendix I of 10 CFR 50 individual dose determination since more flexibility is allowed in the dilution and downstream transit time l
f input. Cards 9 to 16 are used for population doses only.
The dilution factor in all inputs should be a real number of 1.0
! or greater (i.e., inverse of miring ratio).
Cards 17 and 18 are for the irrigated food pathway. Both individual y and population doses are calculated for this pathway. The maximum individual doses are calculated at the downstream location of minimum dilution.
l An option is included to tabulate factors for inclusion into the Offsite Dose Calculational Manual (ODCH)" of the technical specifications.
I
- To execute the options, the standard LADTAP II input deck is prepared i
with the following restrictions:
- 1. An integer >0 in cols. 31-40 on card 2.
f 2. A negative 50 mile population should be specified on Card 3.
I 3. The nuclides of interest should be included in the source term l
with a release of 1 ci/yr. (Cards 5.1, 5.2, etc.).
- 4. For Card 7, the dilution for aquatic foods should be specified
[ as 1.0 and the dilution for drinking water (fresh water site) should be. supplied relative to the discharge region. The appropriate transit times should also be used or default to zero.
Data beyond card 7 need not be prepared for this option.
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2.4. FIDO (Floating Index Data Operation) Input System The FIDD Qloating Index Data Operations) input method is especially devised to allow the entering or modifying of large data arrays with minimum effort. Special advantage is taken of patterns of repetition or synenetry wherever possible. Developed by W. A. Rhoades and W. W.
Engle at Atomics International in the early 1960's for use in a one-dimensional discrete ordinates code (DTF-II), FIDO was patterned after an input method used with the early FLOCO coding system at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Since that time, numerous features requested by users have been added, a free-field of tion has been developei, and l FIDO applications are widespread.
Use of FIDO provides powerful and attractive advantages to the programmer as well as the user. The progransner may insure efficient core utilization as well as relieve himself of the worry with read statements and associated formatting. The user is relieved of the burden of formatted input requirements (when using free-field input) and may enter or modify lengthy data arrays with a minimum of effort.
Efficient core utilization is achieved by the flexible dimensioning inherent with FIDO usage. With flexible dimensioning, the length of arrays read by FIDO in one block may be determined by parameters read in a previous block. This is similar to FORTRAN run-time dimensioning.
The important feature is that one contiguous area of storage is available for all data arrays and is denoted as an array whose dimension is the i
! length of that area. The displacements needed for referencing subarrays
- are also stored contiguously in the same or a different area. When the
'N' array is read by FIDO, the origin of that array is determined by the l
N-th displacement and the length is determined by the difference between the N+1 and N-th displacements. This feature is further enhanced when dynamic storage allocation is possible.
A group of one or more arrays read with a single call to the FIDO package forms a block, and a special delimiter is used to signify the end of each block. Arrays may be read in any order within a block, but t
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_ ,a - -
fm an array belonging to one block should not be placed within another i
block. An array can be entered more than once within a block, in which case the last value read for each location within the array is stored.
If no entries to the arrays within a block are required, the delimiter alone satisfies the input requirement. Arrays may be read as fixed-field, free-field, or user-field input.
2.4.1. Fixed-Field Input i
Each card is divided into six 12-column data fields, each of which i 6
is divided into three subfields. The following sketch illustrates a '
typical data field. The three subfields always comprise 2, 1, and 9 columns, respectively.
d N m
.iI: %
M 3
'i M
i
%n %a %n l m m m lp l l I I I I I I I To begin the first array of a block, an array originator field is g placed in any field on a card:
1t Subfield 1: An integer array identifier < 100 specifying the data I
array to be read in.
Subfield 2: An array-type indicator:
"$" if the array is integer data
"*" if the array is real data
! Subfield 3: Blank l
Data are then placed in successive fields until the required number of entries has been accounted for. A sample data wheet shown below illustrates this input.
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In entering data, it is convenient to think of an "index" or l
" pointer" which is under control of the user, and which specifies the The position in the array into which the next data entry is to go.
pointer is always positioned at array location #1 by entering the array originator field. The pointer subsequently moves according to the data operator chosen. Blank fields are a special case, in that they do not cause any data modification and do not move the pointer.
A data field has the following form:
Subfield 1: The data numerator, an integer < 100. We refer to this entry as Ni in the following discussion.
Subfield 2: One of the special data _ operators _ listed below.
Subfield 3: A nine-character data entry, to be read in F9.0 format.
It will be converted to an integer if the array is a
"$" array or if a special array operator such as Q is being used. Note that an exponent is permissible but not required. Likewise, a decimal is permissible but not required. If no decimal is supplied it is assumed to be immiediately to the left of the exponent, if any; and otherwise to the right of the last column.
This entry is referred to as N3 in the following discussion.
A list of data operators and their effect on the array being input follows:
Operator _ Description The data entry blank
" Blank" indicates a single entry of data.
in the third subfield is entered in the location indicated by However, an the pointer, and the pointer is advanced by one.
entirely blank field is ignored.
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Q _
-;- ~ . _n
. a -~ =' mm L
r
+ "+" or " " indicates exponentiation. The data entry in the
- or third field is entered and multiplied by 10tN1, where N 1 is the i _
data numerator in the first subfield, given the sign indicated by the data operator itself. The pointer advances by one. In
[ cases where an exponent is needed, this option allows the t
t entering of more significant figures than the blank option.
I & "&" has the same effect as "+".
I R "R" indicates that the data entry is to be repeated Ng times.
The pointer advances by Ng.
[ I "I" indicates linear interpolation. The data numerator, Ng, indicates the number of interpolated points to be supplied.
The data entry in the third subf'ield is entered, followed by l Ng interpolated entries equally spaced between that value and the data entry found in the third subfield of the next non-blank field. The pointer is advanced by Ng + 1. The field following q g L
an "I" field is then processed nonnally, according to its own data operator. In "$" arrays, interpolated values will be rounded to the nearest integer.
L "L" indicates logarithmic interpolation. The effect is the i same as that of "I" except that the resulting data are evenly separated in log-space.
Q "Q" is used to repeat sequences of numbers. The length of the sequence is given by the third subfield, N3 . The sequence of N3 entries is to be repeated Ni times. The pointer advances by N1 *N3 . If either N1 or N3 is 0, then a sequence of Ni+N3 is repeated one time only, and the pointer advances by N1+N- 3 N The "N" option has the same effect as "Q", except that the order of the sequence is reversed each time it is entered.
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M "M" has the same effect as "N" except that the sign of each entry in the sequence is reversed each time the sequence is entered. For example, the entries:
1 2 3 2M2 would be equivalent to 1 2 3 2 2 3.
Z "Z" causes N1+N3 locations to be set to 0. The pointer is advanced by N1+N. 3 I
C "C" causes the position of the last array item entered to be printed. This is the position of the pointer, less 1. The pointer is not moved.
$ "6" causes the print trigger to be changed. The trigger is originally off. Successive "6" fields turn it on and off alternately. When the trigger is on, each card image is listed as it is read.
l "S" indicates that the pointer is to skip Ni positions l
l S leaving those array positions unchanged. If the third subfield is blank, the pointer is advanced by1 N . If the third subfield is non-blank that data entry is entered following the skip, and the pointer is advanced by Ni + 1.
A "A" moves the pointer to the position, N3 , specified in the third subfield.
F "F" fills the remainder of the array with the datum entered in the third subfield.
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- eum ._, <m-e owe
- - - - - - * ~ -
l l
1 l
7, (VI E "E" skips over the remainder of the array. The array length criterion is always satisfied by an E, no matter how many entries have been specified. No more entries to an array may be given following an "E", except that data entry may be restarted with an "A".
The reading of data to an array is terminated when a new array origin field is supplied, or when the block is terminated. If an incorrect number of positions has been filled, an error edit is given, and a flag is set which may later abort execution of the problem. FIDO l then continues with the next array if an array origin was read.
A block termination consists of a field having "T" in the second subfield. All entries following "T" on a card are ignored, and control is returned from FIDO to the calling program.
Comment cards can be entered within'a block by placing an apostrophe
(') in column 1. Then columns 2-80 will be listed, with column 2 being used for printer carriage control. Such cards have no effect on the data array or pointer.
I l
i l
i
- i. 2.4.2. Free-Field Input l With free-field input, data are writ:en without fixed restrictions as to field and subfield size and positioning on the card. The options i
used with fixed-field input are available, although some are slightly restricted in form. In general, fewer data cards are required for a problem, a card listing is more intelligible, the cards are easier to keypunch, and certain conanon keypunch errors are tolerated without affecting the problem. Data arrays using fixed- and free-field input can be intermingled
, at will within a given block.
I
' The concept of three subfields per field is still applicable to l
l , free-field input, but if no entry for a field is required, no space for l
it need be left. Only columns 1-72 may be used, as with fixed-field input.
i
\
I '
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)
l
, The array originator field can begin in any position. The array --
identifiers and type indicators are used as in fixed-field input. The j type indicator is entered twice, to designate free-field input (i.e.,
t
"$$" or "**"). The blank third subfield required in fixed-field input is not required. For example:
31**
indicates that array 31, a real-data array, will follow in free-field format. '
Data fields may follow the array origin field immediately. The data field entries are identical to the fixed-field entries with the following restrictions:
l l
(1) Any number of blanks may separate fields, but at least one blank must follow a third subfield entry if one is used.
l (2) If both first- and second-subfield entries are used, no blanks may separate them, i.e., 24S, but not 24 S.
l (3) Numbers written with exponents must not have imbedded blanks, i i.e., 1.0E+4, 1.0E4, 1.0+4, or even 1+4, but not 1.0 E4.
l (4) In third-subfield data entries, only 9 digits, including the decimal but not including the exponent field, can be used, I
i.e., 123456.89E07, but not 123456.789E07.
l l
(5) The Z entry must be of the form: 739Z, not Z738 or 738 Z. l l
(6) The + or - data operators are not needed and are not available.
(7) The Q, N, and M entries are restricted: 3Q4, IN4, or M4, I but not '4Q, 4N, or 4M.
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- .o - : , e _ -- -- . . . _ . . .. . A
- I
- l t '
l 2.4.3. User-Field Input If the user follows the array identifier in the array originator field with the character "U" or "V", the input format is to be specified by the user. If "U" is specified, the FORTRAN FORMAT to be j used must be supplied in columns 1-72 of the next card. The format must be enclosed by the usual parentheses. Then the data for the entire array must follow on successive cards. The rules of ordinary FORTRAN input as to exponents, blanks, etc., apply. If the array data do not fill the last card, the remainder must be left blank.
"V" has the same effect as "U" except that the format read in the last preceding "U" array is used.
Example of FIDO Free-Field Input
, \
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- i i
1$$ FO Zero out the 1$ array }
1 2** 12.34-1 4E Enter 1.234 and 4 zeroes in the 2* array
.! 3** A5 60 E Enter 60.0 as the 5th entry of the 3* array i
( '
4$$ 2Il 2R4 2Q5 Enter 1,2,3,4,4,1,2,3,4,4,1,2,3,4,4 I
\
- T Terminate the block 1 i
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21 l
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.- .._ . . . . - - - - . _ - . - . - . . - . . . . . . . . - . . - - - - - - . . - . . . ~ . - .