Text

Effect of Roller Expanding Sleeves Inside Once-Through Steam Generator Tubes Affected by Intergranular Corrosion
	ML20203A210
Person / Time
Site:	Arkansas Nuclear
Issue date:	02/28/1985
From:	Inman S; BABCOCK & WILCOX CO.
To:	;
Shared Package
ML19292F311	List: 1CAN048601, Application to Amend License DPR-51,changing Section 4.18, Steam Generator Tubing Surveillance, to Modify Designation of Areas Where Imperfections Found & Allowing Installation of Sleeves Instead of Plugging Defective Tubes.Fee Paid; ML20203A142; ML20203A149; ML20203A169; ML20203A175; ML20203A197; ML20203A210; ML20203A231;
References
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	Download: ML20203A210 (59)
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.N APPENDIX B THE EFFECTS OF ROLLER EXPANDING SLEEVES INST 0E OTSG TUBF.S AFFECTED BY INTERGRANULAR CORROSION DOC 0 PD

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!. THE EFFECTS OF ROLLER EXPANDING SLEEVES INSIDE OTSG TUBES AFFECTED i BY INTERGRANULAR CORROSION s.

r u RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION LYNCHBURG RESEARCH CENTER

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ARKANSAS POWER & LIGHT COMPANY JULY 1985

f THE EFFECTS OF ROLLER EXPANDING SLEEVES INSIDE OTSG TUBES AFFECTED BY INTERGRANULAR CORROSION RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 By:

S. C. Inman Nuclear Materials Section February 1985 4

9 Babcock & Wilcox a McDermott Company Research and Development Division Lynchburg Research Center P. O. Box 239 Lynchburg, VA ' 24505

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I THE BABC0CK & WILC0X COMPANY RESEARCH AND DEVEL0PHENT DIVISION LYNCHBURG RESEARCH CENTER LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA THE EFFECTS OF ROLLER EXPANDING SLEEVES INSIDE OTSG TUBES AFFECTED BY INTERGRANULAR CORROSION By: S. C. Inman PROJECT

SUMMARY

The purpose of this project was to determine the effects of mechanically ex-panding a sleeve inside an Alloy 600 OTSG tube containing shallow inter-granular attack (IGA) on the outer surface. Tube samples with existing IGA were sleeved and then destructively examined using metallography and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the sleeve installation process induces plastic strain on the tube, causing deteriorated grain boundaries to open in the direction of highest tensile stress. No radial propagation of grain boundaries into the tubewall was observed on samples i a considerable margin is provided for sleeve instal-lation in Arkansas Nuclear One Unit 1 steam generator tubing.

Lynchburg Research Center Report RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 Order 5290-03 November 1984 Project Sponsored by Arkansas Fower & Light i

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION

.................................................... 1-1 1.1 O BJ E CT I V E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 2.0 METHODS AND RESULTS ............................................. 2-1 2.1 SAMPLE PREPARATION ......................................... 2-1 2.2 EDDY CURRENT TESTING ....................................... 2-4 2.3 DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS ...................................... 2-4 2.4 STRAIN CALCULATIONS ........................................ 2-5 2.5 SECTIONING ................................................. 2-7 2.6 METALL0 GRAPHY .............................................. 2-12 2.6.1 Co n t ro l S p e c i me n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

2.6.2 Sleeved Tube Specimens .............................. 2-17 2.6.2.1 Roll Centers ............................... 2-17 2.6.2.2 Roll Transitions ........................... 2-25 2.7 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ............................'... 2-25 2.7.1 Cont rol Sp eci me ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29 2.7.2 Sl eev ed Tu be Sp eci mens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38 2.7.2.1 Roll Centers ............................... 2-38 2.7.2.2 Roll Transitions ........................... 2-38 l l 3.0 DISCUSSION ...................................................... 3-1 3.1 EDDY CURRENT TESTING ....................................... 3-1 3.2 EFFECTS OF SLEEVE INSTALLATION ............................. 3-1 l 1

4.0 CONCLUSION

S ..................................................... 4-1

5.0 REFERENCES

...................................................... 5-1 APPENDICES A PROCEDURE FOR INSTALLATION OF A ROLLER EXPANDED SLEEVE,INSIDE AN OTSG TUBE ................................. A-1 B EDDY CURRENT INSPECTION DETAILS .............................. B-1 C ADDITIONAL SEM PHOT 0MICR0 GRAPHS OF CONTROL SPECIMENS ......... C-1 ii

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LIST OF FIGURES l

l Figure Page 2-1 Sl eev ed Tu be Sampl e Con f igu rat i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2-2 Photog raph s of Sl eeved Tube Sampl es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 )

2-3 St res s-St rai n Cu rv e f o r OTSG Tu bi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 2-4 Pl ot of Tube-t o-Sl eeve Gap Versus Hoop St rai n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2-5 Sl eev ed Tube Sampl e Secti oni ng Di ag ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 2-6 Metallographic Examination Techniques ........................... 2-13 2-7 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 RET Cont rol Specimens - Outer Su rf ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 2-8 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 REB Cont rol Specimens - Outer Su rf ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 2-9 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE Cont rol Specimens - Outer Su rf ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16 2-10 Typical Photomicrographs of Control Specimen Inner Surf ace ...... 2-18 2-11 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 RET Specimen C-1......... 2-19 2-12 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 RET Specimen C-2 ......... 2-20 2-13 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 REB Specimen C-1......... 2-21 2-14 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 REB Specimen C-2 ......... 2-22 ]

2-15 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE Specimen C-1........ 2-23 2-16 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE Specimen C-2 ........ 2-24 ;

1 2-17 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 RET l S p e ci me n s LT- 1 a n d UT- 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26 2-18 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 REB S p e c i me n s LT- 1 a n d UT- 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27 1

2-19 Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE Specimens LT-1 and UT-2 ....................................... 2-28 2-20 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE Outer Surface Deposit ......................................... 2-30 iii

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LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2-21 SEM Photomicrographs of Descaled Archive OTSG Tube Sample ....... 2-31 2-22 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample 873-8-3 RET "A" C o n t ro l S p e ci me n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32 2-23 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 REB "A" C o n t r o l S p e c i me n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33 l

2-24 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE "A" C o n t rol S p ec i me n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34 2-25 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 RET "B" C o n t r o l S p e c i me n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35 2-26 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 REB "B" C o n t r o l S p e c i me n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36 2-27 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE "B" C o n t rol S p e ci me n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37 2-28 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 RET l l

Roll Center Specimens ......................................... 2-40 2-29 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 REB Roll Center Specimens ......................................... 2-41 2-30 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE Ro l l Ce nt e r Sp eci me n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42 2-31 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 RET Roll Transition Specimens ..................................... 2-43 2-32 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B73-8-3 REB Roll Transition Specimens ..................................... 2-44 2-33 SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE Roll Transition Specimens ..................................... 2-45 iv

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LIST OF TABLES Table #9' 2-1 Di amet e r Dat a An aly s i s Res ul ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 l 2-2 Li st of Tube Specimens and Examination Technique .. .. . . . . . . . .. . 2-11 1

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1. INTRODUCTION Steam generator (SG) tubing in the Arkansas Nuclear One Unit 1 (ANO-1) power plant has experienced secondary side corrosion in the form of intergranular attack (IGA) within the upper tubesheet crevice region.(1) This has resulted in the plugging of a number of tubes. In addition, shallow IGA has been identified on the tubing outer surfaces in the upper spans. Babcock and Wil-cox (B&W) has proposed to the plant owner, Arkansas Power and Light (AP&L),

that a mechanically rolled sleeve be used to extend the life of tubes exhibit-ing pluggable eddy current indications. The rolled sleeve technique utilizes a roller expander to expand the sleeve against the inner surface nf the tube in a freespan region. Since the tubes are stressed in the hoop and axial di-rections due to the expansion, the question was raised as to whether radial propagation occurred to the existing shallow IGA. This program was therefore initiated to answer this question.

1.1 OBJECTIVE The objective of this program was to determine whether the roller expansion process causes propagation of existing IGA damage present on the tubes.

Sleeves were installed into three sanples of tubing which were removed from an OTSG at ANO-1 in late 1982. Control specimens were sectioned from either end of the tube samples prior to sleeve installation to determine the amount of' IGA present. A series of examinations including eddy current testing, diameter measurements, metallography, and scanning electron nicroscopy were used to characterize the effects of sleeve installation on the existing IGA.

This report documents the results of this project, followed by recommendations i concerning the roller expansion process. ;

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b RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-1 Babcock & Wilcox a NkDemon compmy 2.0 METHODS AND RESULTS 2.1 SAMPLE PREPARATION Three 7-inch samples were selected from tubes B73-8 and B112-19 which were in j storage at the B&W Lynchburg Research Center (LRC). Sample designations and I their origin are listed below:

Tube l Sample Number _ Oriain* l B73-8-3 RET Tube B73-8 piece 3, 33 to 40 inches B73-8-3 REB Tube B73-8 piece 3, 40 to 47 inches B112-19-2RE Tube B112-19 piece 2, 11-3/4 to 18-3/4 inches

Axial location, referenced from top of tubesheet.

A 1/2-inch ring was cut from both ends of each tube sample to be used as con-trol specimens.

Personnel from the B&W Special Products and Integrated Field Services (SP&IS) department installed a sleeve inside each tube sample at the LRC using the procedure qualified during the sleeve qualification project.(2) The procedure and data sheets are contained in Appendix A. i Diameter values are discussed in detail in Sections 2.3 and 2.4. Figure 2-1 shows the sleeved tube sample configuration and photographs of each sample are shown in Figure 2-2.

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Babcock &WHcox RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-4 a McDermott company 2.2 EDDY CURRENT TESTING Each tube sample and sleeve were eddy current inspected prior to and after sleeve installation by personnel of the SP&IS department. Details of the equipment and inspection parameters are contained in Appendix B.

Two anomalous signals were observed on the inside diameter (ID) of sample B73-8-3 RET and a small ding was observed in B73-8-3 REB. The anomalous signals were most likely related to the ID decrease over a 4-inch length, which was measured on the inside and outside diameters during the 1983 tube examin-ation.(1) The ding may have been due to inadvertent handling damage to the tube and was not measurad previously. After sleeve installation, one anomalous signal was again observed in sample B73-8-3 RET, while the other tube samples and all sleeves were free of indications.

In summary, no significant through-wall defect indications were cLserved dur-ing the eddy current inspection of the tube samples and sleev2s either before or after sleeve installation. In addition, no indicatis ns of shallow IGA was observed on the tube outer surf aces.

2.3 DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS Inside and outside diameter (ID and OD) measurements were taken on the tube samples and sleeves prior to and after sleeve installation. An Intrimik (three point contact) was used to measure the ID, while a dial caliper and laser telemetric system were used on the 00. Measurements were taken at the locations of roll transitions and roll centers as designated in Figure 2-1.

Diameter data and other pertinent calculated values are listed in Table 2-1.

Columns 1-7 are data obtained prior to sleeve installation. The sleeves were all fairly uniform size; I

f Babcock & Wilcox RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-5 a 4kDemon compey The tube samples, on the other hand, varied between 0.529-and 0.552-inch on the ID and 0.601-and 0.629-inch on the 0D.

Both tube samples from OTSG tube B73-8 were unintentionally selected from a region of the tube which was below the specification minimum ID value of

0. 542-i nch. ( 2 ) Sample B112-19-2RE had diameters within the specified range.

In an attempt to obtain a better diameter representation after sleeving, the ID was measured at the 0 and 60' orientations and the OD at 0, 45, 90, and 135 orientations. These data were averaged and are listed in columns 8 and 10 in the table. The increases in sleeve ID and tube OD due to sleeve instal-lation are listed in columns 9 and 11, respectively. Of principle interest are the increases in the rolled regions, locations C1 and C2. As expected, the maximum increases occurred on the sleeve ID in the rolled regions Three OD decrease values were calculated at lower transition regions and were due. to either slignt variations in measurement location (and/or technique) or an inward displacement of tube material due to the rolling operation.

2.4 STRAIN CALCULATIONS By dividing the AID values in columns 9 and 11 by the initial measurements in columns 1 and 5, the amount of hoop strain induced on the sleeve inner and a

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Shown in Figure 2-3 is a stress-strain curve for Alloy 600 material thermally treated similar to that which a tube experiences during OTSG manufacture.

Since plastic strain occurs above approximately 0.35 percent, strain values experienced by the sleeve and tube samples were well into the plastic regime.

Tube outer surface strain values are shown plotted as a function of gap in Figure 2-4 for each tube sample. These data indicate that the tube samples !

with the larger values of initial tube-to-sleeve gap were subjected to smaller l amounts of strain on the tube outer surf ace, and vice versa.

l This plot includes data on hypothetical situations of strain values which would not occur in situ and, therefore, is provided for information pur.

poses only. j 2.5 SECTIONING Specimens were sectioned from each sleeved tube sample according to the dia-gram in Figure 2-5. This scheme was devised so that the center and one tran-sition of each roll could be examined using both SEM and metallographic tech-

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Examination Technique Used 3 Specirnen Designation Origin Longitudinal Me ta l lography Tra nsverse SEM Descale(Il Bend (II

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Babcock & WIIcox ROD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-12 a McDermott company niques. All sectioning was performed using a high speed abrasive cut-off saw and no allowances were made on the diagram for saw blade kerf. Control speci-mens obtained in Section 2.1 were longitudinally split in half so that both transverse and longitudinal cross sectional views could be obtained. Table 2-2 lists the specimen designation and the examination techniques used to examine them. The following sections of this report describe in detail these examinations.

2.6 METALL0 GRAPHY Standard laboratory practices were used to prepare and examine metallographic specimens. Two incremental grind-and-polish routines were performed on each specimen to obtain better representation of surface condition. Photomicro-graphs were taken at 200X at each increment to document the results. An 8:1 orthophosphoric acid electroetch was used to delineate grain boundaries.

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Photomicrographs of the control specimens in the "as-received" condition were compared to those of the sleeved tube samples to determine the effects of the roll expansion on existing IGA.

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l 2.6.1 Control Specimens Transverse and longitudinal views were used to inspect each control specimen in the as-received condition. Typical photomicrographs of the outer surf ace of the control specimens from each tube sample are shown in Figures 2-7, 2-8, and 2-9. While no excessive IGA was observed on any specimen, grain boundary penetrations were present, to some extent, on each specimen. In all cases, penetrations were less than 0.001-inch in depth. During the 1983 tube examin-ation, the shallow penetrations became more pronounced only after bending the specimens with the tube outer surface in tension.(1) Therefore, it is not expected that these unstressed control specimens would exhibit more than that observed previously. Additional characterization of the control specimens was performed using scanning electron microscopy and is presented in Section 2.7.1.

HALF-TUBE SPECIMEN HALF-TUBE SPECIMEN A

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RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-17 Babcock & Wilcox a NkDumcu compx1y Shown in Figure 2-10 are typical photomicrographs of the inner surface of the control specimens deptcting the mill-pickled condition of the tubes. Grain boundary penetrations of approximately 1 grain diameter or less were present on each specimen.
2.6.2 Sleeved Tube Specimens 2.6.2.1 Roll Centers. Transverse photomicrographs taken of the outer surf ace of the roll center regions are shown in Figures 2-11 through 2-16.
Upon comparing these photomicrographs to those from the control specimens, no neasurable amount of grain boundary inward radial propagation was observed. A slight amount of grain boundary opening in the circumferential direction, how-ever, was observed on specimens from tube samples B73-8-3 RET and B73-8-3 REB, Specimens from tube sample B112-19-2RE were the photomicrographs in Figures 2-15 and 2-16 of which exhibited little, if any, difference in grain boundary opening compared to those of the control specimens shown in Figure 2-9.
Figures 2-12 and 2-16 also include photomicrographs of the sleeve inner sur-f ace showing the cold-worked layer caused by the rollers contacting the sleeve during sleeve installation.
2.6.2.2 Roll Transitions.
Longitudinal photo-micrographs were taken in the rolled and unrolled regions of each roll transi-
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s.
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r t
RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-25 Baixock &Wilcox a McDermott company tion specimen and are shown in Figure 2-17, 2-18, and 2-19. The results were consistent with those observed previously in the roll centers; i.e., higher strains resulted in more grain boundary separation. The unrolled regions of specimens LT-1 and UT-2 from sample B73-8-3 RET (shown in Figure 2-17) exhibit-ed the most obvious axial separation due to the higher hoop strain values in the roll center regions. Little, if any, separation was observed on specimens l f rom tube sanples B73-8-3 REB and B112-19-2RE.
An unrolled region adjacent to each roll was examined transversely to detect any circumferential grain boundary opening which may have occurred. The photomicrographs looked identical to those of the control specimens, indic-ating that no separation occurred in this region. The photomicrographs are not included in the report to prevent redundancy.
2.7 SCANNING ELECTRON HICROSCOPY Control specimens and specimens from each sleeved tube sample were examined on -
the outer surface at high magnifications using an ETEt, Autoscan microscope
~~at the intervals of descaling and bending (see Table 2-2). Results are presented in the same format as was used previously in Section 2.6, i .e. , each type specimen described separately.~~

j

~~The ETEC Autoscan microscope used automatically records pertinent data on the )~~
nicrographs.
Example:
Length Scale Working Distance (mm) h 001.0 g : 1 .
20.0 13 100 118 Magnification l 05-3 4 Acceleration Nega tive 5x10 3 Vol tage ID Number l
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1 Babcock &WHcox RDO:85:5290-03-00:01 2-29 l a McDermott company 2.7.1 Control Specimens A control specimen from tube sample B112-19-2RE was initially examined in the SEM to document the "as-received" condition of the tube outer surface. As
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seen'in the photomicrographs in Figure 2-20, the surface was covered with deposit which prevented inspecting the tube material. Therefore, it became necessary to descale the specimens in order to proceed with the inspection. A descaling procedure using an ultrasonic bath of inhibited hydrochloric acid (500 ml 6N hcl + 19 hexamethylene tetramine) is commonly used on Alloy 600 tubing at the LRC. To insure that this solution would not attack the base material of ANO-1 OTSG tubes, a small piece of archive OTSG tubing was descal-ed for 15 minutes at 140 F. Photomicrographs of this piece before and after descaling are shown in Figure 2-21, which illustrates that the solution had no effects on the base tube material. The contrast difference between photo-l micrographs is a result of exposure time and not related to the procedure.
To expedite inspection of the control specimens, one half of each specimen was j descaled using the above procedure and then examined in the SEM. These speci-mens were labeled "A" control specimens. Figures 2-22, 2-23, and 2-24 show SEM photomicrographs of the outer surface of each of the "A" specimens.
Deteriorated grain boundaries were visible on each specimen, similar to that I observed on descaled specimens examined during the 1983 tube examination.(1)
Therefore, it appears that the tube samples selected for sleeve installation were from areas containing representative amounts of IGA damage.
For further comparison, each of th e "A " control specimens was bent inward t about the tube axis, placing tensile stress on the tube outer surface, and re-examined in the SEM. Photomicrograpns of the bent specimans are also shown in Figures 2-22, 2-23, and 2-24. Bending caused grain boundaries to open pri-marily in the direction of highest tensile stress; i.e., parallel to the tube axis. These photomicrci .phs appear almost identical to those of specimens bent and examined during the 1983 examination.(1) Additional photomicrographs e
Babcock &Wilcox RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-30 l a WOermott company of descaled and bent control specimens are presented in Figures C-1, C-2, and C-3 in Appendix C. ,
The other half of each of the control specimens, labeled "B" specimens, was bent and not descaled. Photomicrographs of these specimens in Figures 2-25, 2-26, and 2-27 simply confirm that bending the tube causes the outer surf ace deposit to split along underlying grain boundaries, much the same as that observed during the 1983 examination.(1) ven = vr; -~~,;gs< + pk gy?' ' *-nf :T '
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Figure 2 24. SEM Photomicrographs of Tube Sample B112-19-2RE "A" Control Specimens
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l
Babcock &WHcom RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-38 a McDermott company 2.7.2 Sleeved Tube Specimens 2.7.2.1 Roll Centers. Specimens from the roll centers were inspected using the SEM to determine the effects of the rolling operation in regions of '
highest hoop stress. A scribe mark was placed on the specimen outer surf ace to be used as a locator. After an initial SEM characterization of deposit appearance, each specimen was descaled using the same procedure as described in Section 2.6.1. Re-examination of the specimens in tha SEM at the same location as before using the locator permitted complete characterization of deposit splitting along grain boundaries.
The results are clearly depicted in the photomicrographs shown in Figures 2-28, 2-29, and 2-30. When comparing photomicrographs of the roll center speci- j mens in the "as-rolled" and descaled conditions, it becomes obvious that depo- ,
sit splitting occurred along grain boundaries due to sleeve installation.
Strain induced during sleeve installation causes displacement of the tube material and deposit layer (s) in the direction of least resistance; i.e., l along axially oriented deteriorated grain boundaries intersecting the tube 1 outer surface.
1 Horizontal lines visible in the "as-rolled" photomicrographs represent tube surf ace grinding marks caused during a manufacturing process. These lines become less obvious upon descaling, when slightly etched grain matrices and stretched grain boundaries become visible.
l 2.7.2.2 Roll Transitions. For each tube sample, regions encompassing the lower transition of Roll 1 and the upper transition region of Roll 2 were examined in the SEM. Photomicrographs of these specimens in the "as-rolled" condition are shown in Figures 2-31, 2-32, and 2-33. The results are consist-i ent with those presented throughout this report; i.e., outer surface deposit splitting occurred along grain boundaries oriented perpendicular to the direc-tion of highest tensile stress. On the rolled end of the roll transition specimens where tensile, stress v!as in the hoop direction, splitting occurred i
r 3 Babcock &Wilcom RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-39 a McDermott company axially. On the opposite end of the specimen adjacent to the roll transition, stresses were in the axial direction which caused circumferential splitting.
Vertical lines in the deposit layer on these specimens represent the surf ace grinding marks caused during manufacture. It was not deemed necessary to descale and re-examine these specimens since the previous roll center speci-mens clearly showed that deposit splitting occurred along grain boundaries.
l J
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l 1
1 Babcock &Wilcox RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 2-40 a McDermott coripany l
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i i
RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 3-1 Babcock &WHcom a NkDemon company 3.0 DISCUSSION 3.1 ED0Y CURRENT TESTING The shallow intergranular penetrations observed on the tube outer surface are too shallow for ECT detection. Results of this investigation showed that sleeve installation causes no inward radial propagation of deteriorated grain boundaries on the tube outer surface. Accordingly, ECT did not detect a change in the tube as a result of sleeving.
3.2 EFFECTS OF SLEEVE INSTALLATION Roller expanding a sleeve inside an OTSG tube obviously results in an increase in sleeve ID and tube 00 in the rolled regions.
A layer of cold work also was produced on the sleeve inner surface due to roller contact. The effects.of the cold working on sleeve performance was evaluated in another project and was found to be acceptable.(2)
Results of this investigation show that existing deteriorated grain boundaries ca the tube outer surface are opened in the circumferential, or hoop, direc-tion during the sleeve installation process, with no inward radial propaga-tion. The tube samples which experienced OD increases larger than those ex-pected to occur in situ showed more grain boundary opening than the sample expanded the normal amount Therefore, there exists a considerable margin for installation of sleeves in the ANO-1 OTSGs without affecting the structural integrity of the tubes.
n l
c Babcock & WHcox ROD:85:5290-03-00:01 4-1 a NkOsmon compsiy
~~4.0 CONCLUSION~~
S Based on the results of this examination, the following conclusions have been drawn concerning the effects of roller expanding a sleeve into a tube with shallow IGA present on the outer surface.
e The sleeve installation process causes plastic strain in the tube and sleeve material.
e Deteriorated grain boundaries on the tube outer surface in the rolled regions are slightly opened in the direction perpendicular to the highest tensile stress and not radially inward into the tubewall, e The amount of grain boundary opening is determined by the amount of 00 expansion due to sleeve installation.
e Test sample B112-19-2RE was " field representative" and exper-ienced the smallest amount of grain boundary opening.
no structural damage was observed on the sample due to sleeve installation, e No structural damage of the ANO-1 tube samples was observed there is a considerable margin for sleeve installation in the ANO-1 OTSG tubes without causing damage.
r
. s. I amamen,a, & WIIcom RDO:85:5290-03-00:01 5-1 a McDermott comparty
~~5.0 REFERENCES~~
~~1. S. C. Inman, " Examination of 0TSG Tubes B73-8 and B112-19 f rom ANO Final Report," Babcock & Wilcox letter Report R00:84:5303-04:02, June 1983.~~
~~2. "Once-Through Steam Generator Mechanical Sleeve Qualification", Babcock and Wilcox BAW-1823P, June 1984.~~
~~3. S. C. Inman and J. V. Monter, " Corrosion Test of a Mechanically Sleeved ANO-1 OTSG Tube," Babcock and Wilcox RDD:85:5223-06:01, February 1985.~~
a 4
s Babcock & Wilcox RDD:85:5290-03-00:01 C-1 a uceermon company APPENDIX C ADDITIONAL SEM PHOT 0MICR0 GRAPHS OF CONTROL SPECIMENS
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3 3
DISTRIBUTION (COMPANY LIMITED):
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Written approval by sponsoring unit's R&D coordinator is required only if release outside of the Company is requested.
ARC LRC NPD SP&IS JL Barna BE Akerlind CW Chagnon KL Barclay RK Bhada PS Ayres JH Hicks MJ Gallagher PL Daniel HH Davis DW Koch JE Gutzwiller SW Manring TC Engelder KE Moore SP Hellman TA McNary G0 Hayner PA Sherburne DL Howell DE Merker SC Inman JL Smith JA Lauer JV Monter NW White Library (2) BW Schafer WT Southards TJ Zeh DL Tate GJ Theus Library (2)
CM Weber Library (3) e-e
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ML20203A210

Contents

Text

SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

4.0 CONCLUSION

5.0 REFERENCES

;

4.0 CONCLUSION

5.0 REFERENCES

Navigation menu

ML20203A210

Text

SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

4.0 CONCLUSION

5.0 REFERENCES

;

4.0 CONCLUSION

5.0 REFERENCES

Navigation menu

Search