ML081610574

Response to J. Kolinsky Letter 05/20/08 Meeting at Cortlandt Mavar, Ny

ML081610574
Person / Time
Site:	Indian Point
Issue date:	06/06/2008
From:	Dapas M Region 1 Administrator
To:	Kolinsky J - No Known Affiliation
References
Download: ML081610574 (62)

Text

UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION REGION I 475 ALLENDALE ROAD KING OF PRUSSIA, PA 19406-1415 June 6, 2008 Mr. Jay N. Kolinsky P.O. Box 300 Pound Ridge, NY 10576-0300

Dear Mr. Kolinsky:

Thank you for your letter of May 25, 2008, in which you requested information regarding the current NRC or Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) specifications required of nuclear power plant evacuation warning systems. I enjoyed meeting you at the public meeting we hosted on May 20thon the results of our inspection activities related to ground water contamination at the Indian Point site and appreciated the opportunity we had to discuss alert and notification systems installed at various power plants as well as your background in that area. I also want to thank you for the positive feedback you provided me after the meeting and in your follow-up letter regarding how we conducted the meeting and the quality of the information we presented.

Regarding the information you requested in your letter, NRC rules are stipulated in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and 10 CFR Part 50.47 (b)(5) requires that nuclear power plant licensees establish the means to provide early notification and clear instruction to the populace within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). Further, Appendix E to 10 CFR 50 requires that each licensee demonstrate that administrative and physical means have been established for alerting and providing prompt instructions to the public within the plume exposure pathway EPZ. Appendix E further requires that the notification system have the capability to essentially complete the initial notification of the public within 15 minutes. The regulations recognize that the use of this notification capability will range from immediate notification of the public (within 15 minutes of the time that State and local officials are notified that a situation exists requiring urgent action) to the more likely events where there is substantial time available for the State and local governmental officials to make a judgment whether or not to activate the public notification system. The actual wording of these regulations can be found on the NRCs public website at: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collectionslcfr.

The actual technical specifications for NRC-required public notification systems are established by FEMA. FEMAs guidance for such systems is provided in FEMA-REP-10, Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear Power Plants. The NRC ensures that licensees remain compliant with their alert and notification system commitments to FEMA by conducting biennial inspections of the licensees emergency preparedness programs. The sound level requirements, and the specifications for measuring those levels, are provided in Section E.6.2.1 of FEMA-REP-10. The requirements stated in FEMA-REP-10 are for outdoor sound levels; nuclear power plant alert and notification systems are only intended as an outdoor

J. Kolinsky 2 notification system, and no indoor sound levels are prescribed. I have enclosed a copy of FEMA-REP-10 for your information.

As to the specifics of the alert and notification system for Indian Point, the current system does not use tone alert radios since FEMA has determined that the population within the Indian Point EPZ is adequately covered by the fixed siren system.

Thank you for your interest in nuclear power plant alert and notification systems and our regulatory activities in this area. If you have any further questions, please contact Mr. James Trapp, who has oversight responsibility for our regional emergency preparedness inspection function, at (601) 337-5186.

Sincerely, 1 7 Marc L. Dapas Deputy Regional Administrator Region I

Enclosure:

FEMA-REP-10 Docket No: 50-247, 50-286 License No: DPR-26, DPR-64

FEMA-REP-lO/Nwmk 1985 FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY Su#nd.r f EMA-U/S.ptambr 1983 Which M a y B. Uwd Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notific tion, Systems for Nuclear Power Plants

FEMA- REP1O/ November 1985 GUIDE FOR THE EVALUATION OF ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Prepared for:

Federal Emergency Management Agency Washington, D.C. 20472 Under Contract No. EMW-83-C-1217

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION i iXAETEB 1: NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l Revision 1 PLANNING STANDARD E PROCEDURES

- NOTIFICATION I METHODS AND I

E- 1 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 : N o t i f i c a t i o n Methods E- 1 Areas of Review E- 1 Acceptance C r i t e r i a E- 1 E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n E.6: A l e r t i n g Methods E- 3 Areas of Review E- 3 Acceptance C r i t e r i a E- 4 Administrative Procedures E- 4 P h y s i c a l Means E- 5 Fixed S i r e n s E- 6 Mobile S i r e n V e h i c l e s E-10 Tone A l e r t Radios E-13 Special Alerting E-15 General Acceptance C r i t e r i a f o r S p e c i a l A l e r t i n g Methods E-15 U s e of I n s t i t u t i o n a l A l e r t i n g Systems E-17 Use of Aircraft for A l e r t i n g E-18 Use of A u t omat i c T e l ephone Dialers/Swi t c h i n g Equipment E-19 U s e of Modulated Power Lines E-20 U s e of Police, F i r e , or Rescue V e h i c l e s and Personnel E-20 CHAPTER 2 : NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , ,

Revision 1 PLANNING STANDARD F - EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS F- 1 E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n F.1: Emergency Communications F- 1 Areas of Review F- 2 Acceptance C r i t e r i a F- 2 CHAPTER 3 : NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1I PLANNING STANDARD N - EXERCISES AND DRILLS N- 1 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.1.a: Exercise D e f i n i t i o n N- 1 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.1 .b: Exercise Requirements N- 1 Areas of Review N- 1 Acceptance C r i t e r i a N- 2 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.2.a: Communication D r i l l s N- 5 Areas of Review N-5 Acceptance C r i t e r i a N- 5

A F. - Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.3: S c e n a r i o s and Objectives N- 6 Areas of Review N- 6 Acceptance C r i t e r i a N- 6 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.5: Observer and P a r t i c i p a n t Comments N- 7 Areas of R e v i e w N- 7 Acceptance C r i t e r i a N- 7 APPENDIX 1: Procedures f o r P r e p a r a t i o n and Submission of a Design Report Describing A l e r t a n d N o t i f i c a t i o n Systems 1- 1 APPENDIX 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements 2- 1 APPENDIX 3: A Summary of the A l e r t and N o t i f i c a t i o n Survey Methodology Survey Methodology 3- 1 Sample S i z e Determination 3- 4 FEMA Nuclear Power P l a n t A l e r t i n g and N o t i f i c a t i o n System: P u b l i c Telephone Survey 3- 7 APPENDIX 4: A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and Operability Requirements 4- 1

INTRODUCTION The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , created i n 1978, has o v e r a l l federal r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n n i n g and preparedness f u n c t i o n s . This r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , which i n c l u d e s c o o r d i n a t i n g , e v a l u a t i n g , and approving s t a t e and l o c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and p r e p a r e d n e s s f o r commercial n u c l e a r power p l a n t s ,

was o f f i c i a l l y a s s i g n e d t o FEMA by t h e P r e s i d e n t i n December 1979. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) , which i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r o n s i t e s a f e t y , assesses o v e r a l l n u c l e a r power p l a n t s a f e t y , u s i n g FEMA's f i n d i n g s on o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness. The NRC is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r determining whether new commercial n u c l e a r power p l a n t s should be l i c e n s e d and whether e x i s t i n g p l a n t s should c o n t i n u e operating. However, new p l a n t s can be l i c e n s e d t o begin o p e r a t i n g , and e x i s t i n g p l a n t s can continue t o o p e r a t e without formal FEMA approval and c e r t i f i c a t i o n t o t h e NRC on t h e adequacy of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness i n accordance with FEMA's rule, T i t l e 4 4 of t h e de of F e d e r a l R e m , Part 350 ( 4 4 CFR 350) .

FEMA and t h e NRC j o i n t l y developed federal c r i t e r i a , published i n November 1980, f o r a s s e s s i n g both o n s i t e and o f f s i t e n u c l e a r power p l a n t 'radiological emergency planning and preparedness i n a document ' t i t l e d C r i t e r i a for P r m o n E v a l m e -andr-r t o f Nuclear Power Plants, NUREG-O654/FEMA-REPlI Revision l.* These c r i t e r i a i n c l u d e 16 planning s t a n d a r d s -- 15 r e l a t e d t o both o n s i t e and o f f s i t e planning and preparedness issues and one r e l a t e d o n l y t o o n s i t e s a f e t y issues. These 16

• U. S. N u c l e a r Regulatory Commission and Federal Emergency Management Agency, "Criteria f o r P r e p a r a t i o n and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power P l a n t s , N o v e m b e r 1980 i

s t a n d a r d s are mandated i n NRC and FEMA r e g u l a t i o n s f o r use i n o n s i t e and o f f s i t e n u c l e a r power p l a n t r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness.

FEMA's r u l e , 44 CFR 350, " R e v i e w and Approval of State and Local Radiological Emergency P l a n s and Preparedness" (September 2 8 ,

1983) , is t h e r e g u l a t i o n e s t a b l i s h i n g p o l i c y and procedures f o r FEMA review and approval of s t a t e and l o c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n s and preparedness. This r u l e a l s o references t h e 16 p l a n n i n g s t a n d a r d s o r i g i n a l l y d e l i n e a t e d i n NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1. O f t h e s e 16 planning s t a n d a r d s , t h r e e apply d i r e c t l y t o t h e review and e v a l u a t i o n of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems: E, N o t i f i c a t i o n Methods and Procedures; F, Emergency Communications; and N, E x e r c i s e s and D r i l l s . I n addition, NUREZ-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, Appendix 3, applies d i r e c t l y t o a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems. T h i s guide only elaborates on t h e t h r e e NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-lr Revision I, a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system-related planning s t a n d a r d s , seven of t h e i r 15 e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i a , and requirements i n NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision I, Appendix 3.

I n September 1983, FEMA implemented i n t e r i m g u i d e l i n e s for a s s e s s i n g t h e adequacy of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system i n a document t i t l e d Standard G u i d e f o r the

- of u ] t oa d N

-, FEMA-43. Prior t o t h e i s s u a n c e of FEMA-43, FEMA approvals of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n s and preparedness i n c l u d e d a c a v e a t s t a t e m e n t t h a t the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems would be e v a l u a t e d a t a l a t e r date. This document s u p e r s e d e s FEMA-43 and a d d r e s s e s t h e b a s i s f o r a federal e v a l u a t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n aspects of a state and local o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency plan.

The f o l l o w i n g t a b l e i n d i c a t e s t h e chapters i n t h i s g u i d e t h a t addr-ess &e NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, and Appendix 3 ,

planning s t a n d a r d s , e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i a , and requirements t h a t apply to a l e r t and notification systems.

1. RevifiFsrnl Chapter 1 E 5, 6 Chapter 2 F 1 Chapter 3 N 1, 2 , 3 , 5 Each planning s t a n d a r d comprises a separate chapter. To f u r t h e r f a c i l i t a t e cross r e f e r e n c i n g of t h i s guide, t h e page numbers of t h e c h a p t e r s are p r e f i x e d by the NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l, Revision 1, planning s t a n d a r d l e t t e r (i.e. , E, F, and N) .

Each planning s t a n d a r d and i t s associated c r i t e r i a are quoted w i t h i n each chapter. Additional guidance and a n e x p l a n a t i o n a r e provided as follows:

1. This s e c t i o n b r i e f l y describes t h e scope of t h e review and d e f i n e s aspects of t h e emergency response p l a n t h a t should be addressed under the e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i o n . The a p p l i c a b i l i t y t o l i c e n s e e ,

. state, and l o c a l p l a n s is as specified i n ??UREG-0654/

FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1, and o n l y t h o s e p o r t i o n s of the e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i o n a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e s t a t e and l o c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n s w i l l be reviewed under t h i s guide.

2 . Acce-e C r i t e r b . The o b j e c t i v e of this s e c t i o n is t o d e f i n e as p r e c i s e l y a s p o s s i b l e what w i l l be a c c e p t e d by t h e reviewer as adequate. Specific c o n d i t i o n s and t e c h n i c a l parameters t o be s a t i s f i e d are included, along w i t h a r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r use. Whenever possible, ac-ceptance c r i t e r i a are specified i n q u a n t i t a t i v e terms.

S p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n is placed on i d e n t i f y i n g t h e infor-mation t h a t should be provided t o s u p p o r t t h e review.

The t e c h n i c a l and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e review- using t h i s g u i d a n c e w i l l result i n t h e f o l l o w i n g a c c e p t a b i l i t y determination:

iii

. Acceptable - meets o r exceeds s t a n d a r d s ; or Unacceptable o r marginally acceptable - corrective a c t i o n s recommended.

An element i s d e f i c i e n t when FEMA determines t h a t t h e f u n c t i o n or a c t i v i t y i s n o t addressed i n a s a t i s f a c t o r y manner. A f u n c t i o n o r a c t i v i t y is n o t s a t i s f a c t o r y when t h e f u n c t i o n or a c t i v i t y does n o t support a f i n d i n g t h a t the system is adequate t o provide prompt a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n of t h e p u b l i c i n t h e event of a r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency.

FEMA's t e n r e g i o n a l offices p r e p a r e both i n t e r i m and f i n a l f i n d i n g s on v a r i o u s aspects of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness, FEMA r e g i o n a l offices are a s s i s t e d i n t h i s e f f o r t by Regional Assistance Committees comprised of r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s from o t h e r federal a g e n c i e s w i t h expertise i n emergency planning and preparedness. These a g e n c i e s a r e committed through f e d e r a l r e g u l a t i o n s t o assist FEMA i n reviewing o f f s i t e p l a n s . FEMA h e a d q u a r t e r s and t h e Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee, which is t h e h e a d q u a r t e r s c o u n t e r p a r t t o t h e Regional A s s i s t a n c e Committees, review f i n a l e v a l u a t i o n s of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and p r e p a r e d n e s s prepared by t h e FEMA r e g i o n a l off ices, The Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee i n c l u d e s t h e f o l l o w i n g member-agencies: t h e NRC; t h e Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agency; and t h e Departments of A g r i c u l t u r e , Health and Human S e r v i c e s , Commerce, Energy, I n t e r i o r , T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , and Defense. FEMA c h a i r s both t h e Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee and t h e Regional A s s i s t a n c e Committees. These committees provide FEMA and s t a t e and l o c a l governments t e c h n i c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n n i n g and preparedness expertise.

iv

This guide h a s been developed t o elaborate upon F E W ' S r u l e 4 4 CFR 350 and N R C ' s NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 I t o provide guidance f o r meeting p l a n n i n g s t a n d a r d s E, F, and N and f o r reviewing and approving a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems t o the:

. Regional Assistance Committees a s t h e y a s s i s t s t a t e and local government o f f i c i a l s i n t h e development of r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency response p l a n s ( 4 4 CFR 350.5) ;

States i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of an emergency p l a n a n d subsequent a p p l i c a t i o n f o r formal review and FEMA approval ( 4 4 CFR 350.7) ;

. FEMA Regional D i r e c t o r s i n t h e e v a l u a t i o n of a s t a t e p l a n ( 4 4 CFR 350.11);

. FEMA Associate D i r e c t o r i n making a d e t e r m i n a t i o n of adequacy r e g a r d i n g a s t a t e p l a n ( 4 4 CFR 350.12) ;

. NRC i n t h e review of FEMA's f i n d i n g s and d e t e r m i n a t i o n on t h e adequacy of s t a t e plans; and

. NRC l i c e n s e e s i n t h e i r design and documentation of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems.

Although e f f o r t s have been made t o e n s u r e completeness, t h i s document may n o t cover c e r t a i n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n s i t u a -

t i o n s . Each of these cases w i l l be handled on a n i n d i v i d u a l basis.

This guide i s supplemented by f o u r appendices d e s c r i b i n g procedures f o r p r e p a r a t i o n and submission of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system design report, design - r e p o r t map requirements, t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n p u b l i c s u r v e y methodology, and r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g procedures and o p e r a b i l i t y requirements. These appendices are:

. Appendix 1: "Procedures for P r e p a r a t i o n and Submission of a Design Report Describing Alert and N o t i f i c a t i o n S y s t emsn;

. Appendix 2:

ments";

"A Summary of Design Report Map R e q u i r e -

V

. Appendix 3: "A Summary of t h e Alert and N o t i f i c a t i o n Survey Methodology"; and

. Appendix 4: "A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and O p e r a b i l i t y Requirements. "

These appendices have been included i n t h i s g u i d e t o a i d l i c e n s e e s and s t a t e and l o c a l governments i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system design report.

I V i

CHAPTER 1 NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 I PLANNING STANDARD E -

NOTIFICATION ME!FHODS AND PROCEDURES

'Procedures have been e s t a b l i s h e d f o r n o t i f i c a t i o n , by t h e l i c e n s e e of State and l o c a l response o r g a n i z a t i o n s and f o r n o t i f i c a t i o n of emergency personnel by a l l response organ-i z a t i o n s ; t h e c o n t e n t of i n i t i a l and followup messages t o response o r g a n i z a t i o n s and t h e p u b l i c h a s been e s t a b l i s h e d ;

and means t o provide e a r l y n o t i f i c a t i o n and clear i n s t r u c -

t i o n t o t h e populace w i t h i n t h e plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone have been e s t a b l i s h e d . I)

Ev-tion C r i t e r i o n E.5 i n Pl-na S t a n d a r d E r_eauires that:

"State and l o c a l government o r g a n i z a t i o n s s h a l l e s t a b l i s h a system f o r d i s s e m i n a t i n g t o t h e p u b l i c a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r -

mation c o n t a i n e d i n i n i t i a l and followup messages received from t h e l i c e n s e e i n c l u d i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e n o t i f i c a t i o n t o a p p r o p r i a t e broadcast media, e. g. I t h e Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) ' .

E.5.1 Ateas of RPviehl Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 addresses t h e system(s1 used t o d i s -

seminate i n f o r m a t i o n t o the p u b l i c during a nuclear power p l a n t emergency. The review under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 e n s u r e s t h a t r e s p o n s i b l e s t a t e and l o c a l government o r g a n i z a t i o n s have adequate a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures t o communicate a p p r o p r i a t e information t o t h e p u b l i c and t h a t t h e physical c a p a b i l i t i e s e x i s t t o disseminate t h i s emergency information.

The p u b l i c w i l l g e n e r a l l y be informed by some form of b r o a d c a s t media. A l l a p p r o p r i a t e media are encouraged t o participate.

E.5.2 -e Criteria An acceptable emergency p l a n under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 should describe a system of disseminating i n f o r m a t i o n t o t h e p u b l i c t h a t meets t h e f o l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a :

E-1

1. L i s t s t h e broadcast s t a t i o n s and b r o a d c a s t i n g systems t h a t a r e t o be selected so as t o e n s u r e t h a t :

. Transmission s i g n a l (s) a r e of adequate s t r e n g t h w i t h i n t h e coverage a r e a under review; and

. C a p a b i l i t y exists t o broadcast o f f i c i a l information 2 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br /> a day, 7 days a week. If a selected s t a t i o n does n o t have a backup power supply, t h e n a n a l t e r n a t e s t a t i o n should be i d e n t i f i e d and included i n t h e emergency plan.

2 . Depicts procedures and i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r each o r g a n i z a t i o n and commitments between a g r e e i n g p a r t i e s t o honor these r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s i n case of an o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency. These procedures should address a c t i v a t i o n a u t h o r i z a t i o n and d e s i g n a t e i n d i v i d -

uals, by t i t l e , responsible f o r n o t i f i c a t i o n system I a c t i v a t i o n . Actual a u t h e n t i c a t i o n codes should n o t be identified.

3 . References o r i n c l u d e s some form of documentation, a v a i l a b l e for review, t h a t states t h e s t a t i o n ' s o r broadcast system's a b i l i t y t o participate i n t h e p u b l i c n o t i f i c a t i o n process. The emergency p l a n should i d e n t i f y , by t i t l e , p o i n t s of c o n t a c t accessible 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> a day, 7 days a week. P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n a "Local Emergency Broadcast System Operational Area Plan" i s considered s a t i s f a c t o r y .

4. Clearly defines i n t e r v a l s f o r broadcasting o f f i c i a l information s t a t e m e n t s f o r each c l a s s of nuclear power plant emergency a c t i o n level. It is recommended t h a t t h e maximum broadcast i n t e r v a l be no more t h a n 15 minutes (for o f f i c i a l information d u r i n g actual general emergencies) u n t i l the emergency is d e c l a r e d o f f i c i a l l y t o be over.

5 . I n c l u d e s a commitment t h a t the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) o r the media center w i l l have the c a p a b i l i t y t o monitor the broadcast of o f f i c i a l information messages ( r a d i o and t e l e v i s i o n )

I n c o r r e c t l y t r a n s m i t t e d information should be immediately i d e n t i f i e d t o t h e s t a t i o n ( s ) by the EOC's a u t h o r i z e d p o i n t of c o n t a c t .

i E-2

Evaluation C r i t e r b E.6 i n Pl-a Standard E regUires that:

"Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l e s t a b l i s h a d m i n i s t r a t i v e and p h y s i c a l means, and t h e time required f o r n o t i f y i n g and p r o v i d i n g prompt i n s t r u c t i o n s t o t h e p u b l i c w i t h i n t h e plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone. (See Appendix 3.) I t s h a l l be t h e l i c e n s e e ' s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o demonstrate t h a t such means e x i s t , r e g a r d l e s s of who implements t h i s requirement. I t s h a l l be t h e responsi-b i l i t y of the S t a t e and l o c a l governments t o a c t i v a t e such a system.'

E.6.1 u e a s of R e v i a Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.6 addresses t h e required means t o a l e r t and n o t i f y the p u b l i c w i t h i n a nuclear power p l a n t ' s EPZ i n a s i t u a t i o n i n v o l v i n g real or p o t e n t i a l r a d i o l o g i c a l hazards.

Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.6 requires t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of b o t h t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e Droce- and t h e me= for notifying t h e p u b l i c w i t h i n a n EPZ, The a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures m u s t describe t h e i n t e r a c t i o n of t h e v a r i o u s o r g a n i z a t i o n s , as w e l l as t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of each o r g a n i z a t i o n i n t h i s linkage. A c t i v a t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system i n c l u d e s a l l a c t i o n s from t h e p r o c e s s by which a d e c i s i o n t o a l e r t t h e p u b l i c i s made, through the communications chain, t o t h e a c t u a l c a p a b i l i t y t o provide a n a l e r t s i g n a l and i n s t r u c t i o n a l message w i t h i n a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ. The implementation of a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n process commences w i t h a telephone c a l l from o n s i t e personnel t o o f f s i t e personnel r e s p o n s i b l e for a c t i v a t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

The p h y s i c a l means m u s t address t h e methods and equipnent i n c o r p o r a t e d f o r a l e r t i n g t h e public. A f u l l y e f f e c t i v e alert-i n g system may employ a*'ntbnber - .r of means which could i n c l u d e , b u t not be . l i m i t e d to; a combination of the f o l l o w i n g p h y s i c a l methods: f i x e d s i r e n s ; mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s ; t o n e a l e r t E-3

radios; a i r c r a f t ; a u t o m a t i c telephone d i a l e r s and s w i t c h i n g equipment; modulated power l i n e s ; and p o l i c e , f i r e , and rescue v e h i c l e s or personnel. Accordingly,, a c o o r d i n a t e d program of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system developnent, implementation, and r o u t i n e t e s t i n g and maintenance is encouraged. Regardless of t h e p h y s i c a l means (or any combination t h e r e o f ) selected and implemented, Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E - 6 requires t h a t t h e l i c e n s e e provide a design report d e s c r i b i n g t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system. During FEMA's review of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system, t h e design report w i l l be reviewed and m u s t be .

determined t o be acceptable p r i o r t o a c t i v a t i n g t h e system f o r t h e purposes of conducting a p u b l i c telephone survey t o s a t i s f y t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n aspects sf 4 4 CFR 350.9(a).

E.6.2 A c c e D t u c e Criteria An a c c e p t a b l e design report under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.6 should describe how t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures and t h e phys-i c a l means are u t i l i z e d t o e n s u r e i n i t i a l a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n of the p u b l i c w i t h i n a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ and how t h e s e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures and p h y s i c a l means can and w i l l be c o n s i s t e n t w i t h 4 4 CFR-350.121b) (1) The development and use of innovative, c o s t - e f f e c t i v e approaches i s encouraged when n o t i f y i n g and p r o v i d i n g prompt i n s t r u c t i o n t o t h e p u b l i c w i t h i n a nuclear power p l a n t ' s EPZ.

A d e s c r i p t i o n of a c c e p t a b l e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures should include, a t a minimum:

. S p e c i f i c a t i o n of those o r g a n i z a t i o n s or i n d i v i d u a l s , by t i t l e , r e s p o n s i b l e for a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m , i n c l u d i n g any a l t e r n a t e s necessary E- 4

t o e n s u r e t h a t such o r g a n i z a t i o n s or i n d i v i d u a l s w i l l be n o t i f i e d and mobilized i n t i m e t o perform t h e i r respon-s i b i l ities.

. Discussion of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n a c t i v a t i o n procedures and a n a n a l y s i s of t h e amount of time re-q u i r e d t o implement t h e s e procedures, demonstrating t h a t once t h e a p p r o p r i a t e o f f i c i a l has decided t o a c t i v a t e t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system, t h e 15-minute design objective of NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, p. 3-3

( d i s c u s s e d below) , w i l l be met.

. S p e c i f i c a t i o n of procedures and safeguards employed t o e n s u r e t h a t a legitimate and c l e a r l y understood command t o a c t i v a t e t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system is conveyed from the a p p r o p r i a t e o f f i c i a l s t o t h e persons r e s p o n s i b l e f o r p h y s i c a l l y a c t i v a t i n g t h e system, and t h a t t h e s e persons recognize? understand, and take appro-priate a c t i o n s i n response t o such a command. ,

As s p e c i f i e d i n Appendix 3 of NURM;-O654/FEMA-REP-lr Revision 1, the p h y s i c a l means must e f f e c t i v e l y a l e r t t h e public:

'The minimum a c c e p t a b l e design objectives for coverage by t h e system are:

a ) C a p a b i l i t y for providing both 'an a l e r t s i g n a l and a n i n f o r m a t i o n a l or i n s t r u c t i o n a l message t o t h e popula-t i o n on a n area wide basis throughout t h e 1 0 mile EPZ, w i t h i n 1 5 minutes.

• NUREZ-0654/FEMA-R&1 , Revision 1I (page 11) a l s o c o n t a i n s t h e f o l l o w i n g f o o t n o t e regarding, EPZ s i z e determinations:

'These r a d i i are a p p l i c a b l e t o l i g h t water n u c l e a r power p l a n t s , r a t e d a t 250 M W t or g r e a t e r . The FEMA/NRC S t e e r i n g Committee h a s

• concluded t h a t mall water cooled power r e a c t o r s (less ,than 250 M W t ) and t h e Fort S t . Vrain gas cooled r e a c t o r may use 'ap1ume exposure emergency planning zone of a b o u t 5 miles i n r a d i u s and a n i n g e s t i o n pathway emergency planning zone of about 30 m i l e s i n radius. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e requirements f o r t h e a l e r t i n g and n o t i f i c a t i o n system (Appendix 3) w i l l be scaled on a case-by-case basis. a E- 5

b) The i n i t i a l n o t i f i c a t i o n system w i l l assure direct coverage of e s s e n t i a l l y 100% of t h e p o p u l a t i o n w i t h i n 5 miles of t h e site.

c) Special arrangements w i l l be made t o assure 1 0 0 %

coverage w i t h i n 45 minutes of t h e p o p u l a t i o n who may n o t have r e c e i v e d t h e i n i t i a l n o t i f i c a t i o n w i t h i n t h e e n t i r e plume exposure EM."

An e f f e c t i v e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system may i n c l u d e more t h a n one p h y s i c a l a l e r t i n g method. Each p h y s i c a l means should be addressed i n t h e design report. The design report m u s t show t h a t the i n t e g r a t e d p h y s i c a l a l e r t i n g system meets t h e above c r i t e r i a . The d e s i g n report should a l s o address each major system component .as specified i n t h e f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n s i n t h i s guide. The a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n method f o r i n s t i t u t i o n s (such as r e c r e a t i o n a l areas, schools, f a c t o r i e s , h o s p i t a l s , shopping centers, j a i l s , and l a r g e office b u i l d i n g s ) should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis and documented i n t h e design report (see s e c t i o n E.6.2.4.2 of t h i s guide, "Use of I n s t i t u t i o n a l A l e r t i n g Systems") . The basis for any special requirements or e x c e p t i o n s should a l s o be i n c l u d e d i n t h e design r e p o r t . The design r e p o r t , where a p p r o p r i a t e , must i n c l u d e maps of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements). The i n t e n t of t h e design r e p o r t should be t o demonstrate t h a t t h e g u i d e l i n e s of NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l ,

Revision 1, and Appendix 3, are satisfied.

The following s e c t i o n s address t h e acceptance c r i t e r i a f o r components comprising a t o t a l l y i n t e g r a t e d a l e r t i n g system.

E.6.2.1 Fixed Sirens Wherever pr opo an a l e r t system, t h e s i r e n system design and' dures and maintenance program sho ~ , . , y .'P '(?

in'Zhe

- design r e p o r t (see Appendix 4: A

• Summary of Design Report-Routine .. t. * .e S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures E-6

and O p e r a b i l i t y Requirements). The design r e p o r t should a l s o i n c l u d e maps d e p i c t i n g s i r e n sound c o n t o u r s for v d  ;  : '

pressure l e v e l s (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map R e q u i r e m e n t s ) , a d e s c r i p t i o n of haw t h e sound p r e s s u r e level contours were calculated, and any assumptions used i n c l u d i n g t h o s e from NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 The sound .

c o n t o u r s may be based on Appendix 3 of NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-lf Revision 1, i n c l u d i n g t h e u s e , i n t h e absence of i n t e r v e n i n g t o p o g r a p h i c a l f e a t u r e s , of the 1 0 dB loss per d i s t a n c e doubled sound a t t e n u a t i o n f a c t o r used i n FEMA CPG 1-17.* However, topogra$ical features t h a t act as sound barriers m u s t be considered i n such contour c a l c u l a t i o n s . If t h e FEMA CPG 1-17 a t t e n u a t i o n factor is n o t used, t h e design c a l c u l a t i o n should, a t a minimum, account for t h e effects of topographical f e a t u r e s ,

temperature, r e l a t i v e humidity, wind d i r e c t i o n , wind speed, measured s i r e n sound o u t p u t , and s i r e n l o c a t i o n and h e i g h t .

Average summer daytime weather c o n d i t i o n s may be used, Average daytime should be that period of t i m e , d u r i n g t h e day, that m e t e o r o l o g i s t s d e f i n e a s r e p r e s e n t i n g n e u t r a l or u n s t a b l e weather c o n d i t i o n s .

To f a c i l i t a t e FEMA's e v a l u a t i o n of t h e computation, t h e design report should - -

c-_o n t a i n p l a n t meteorological tower data repre-s e n t i n g 3 months

..* ..-, of summe daytime conditions.' The f o l l o w i n g parameters,

• t a k e n f lowest and i n t e r m e d i a t e tower p o s i t i o n s , should uded: wind speed, wind d i r e c t i o n ,

temperature, r e l a t i v e humidity or dew p o i n t , and barometric pressure. The data may be averaged or p r e s e n t e d i n a n h o u r l y format.

• Federal Emergency Management Agency, "Outdoor Warning Systems G u i d e , " CFG 1-17 , March 1 , 1980.

The reasonableness of t h e method f o r determining t h e s i r e n sound o u t p u t and 'thG r e s u l t i n g s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e level c o n t o u r s should be documented i n t h e design r e p o r t . The v a l i d i t y of t h e sound p r e s s u r e level contour c a l c u l a t i o n depends upon t h e v a l i d i t y of t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of s i r e n sound o u t p u t a t 1 0 0 f e e t from t h e s i r e n . There are a t l e a s t two ways t o determine s i r e n sound o u t p u t :

O n s i t e f i e l d measurements around a t l e a s t one of each type of s i r e n used w i t h i n t h e EPZ: or Anechoic, semi-anechoic, or r e v e r b e r a t i o n chamber t e s t s i n a q u a l i f i e d l a b o r a t o r y on s i r e n s t h a t are repre-s e n t a t i v e of each type of s i r e n used w i t h i n t h e EPZ.

Since consensus s t a n d a r d s are not a v a i l a b l e f o r f i e l d and chamber s i r e n measurements, the r a t i o n a l e for *-the employed measurement procedures m u s t be d e t a i l e d i n t h e design report.

The design r e p o r t should provide a l i s t of a l l s i r e n s and should c o n t a i n t h e f ollowing information for each s i r e n : unique iden-t i f i e r , s i r e n type, sound o u t p u t i n dBC a t 1 0 0 feet, and mounting h e i g h t .

The design report demonstrates compliance with NUREG-0654/

FEMA-REP-I, Revision 1, c r i t e r i a f o r t h o s e geographical areas covered by f i x e d sirens by showing t h a t e i t h e r :

. The expected s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l g e n e r a l l y exceeds 70 dBC where t h e p o p u l a t i o n exceeds 2,000 p e r s o n s per s q u a r e mile and 60 dBC i n other i n h a b i t e d areas: or

. The expected s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e level g e n e r a l l y exceeds t h e average measured summer daytime ambient sound pressure l e v e l s by 1 0 d B (geographical areas w i t h less t h a n 2,000 persons per s q u a r e m i l e ) .

If t h e design r e p o r t documents t h a t t h e s i r e n sound pressure levels exceed a measured ambient by 1 0 dB, t h e n t h e f o l l o w i n g information s h o u l d be provided:

I E- 8 I I

1

. A d e s c r i p t i o n of how t h e average summer daytime ambient sound pressure l e v e l s were determined, i n c l u d i n g survey 1

l o c a t i o n s and t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r s e l e c t i o n ;

. I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of actual measurements i n c l u d i n g f re-quency range, t i m e span, and l o c a t i o n ;

. Any assumptions used t o determine t h e measured ambient a l o n g w i t h r a t i o n a l e f o r t h o s e assumptions;

. R e l a t i o n s h i p s of p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y t o measured ambient levels;

. E f f e c t s of major t r a n s p o r t a t i o n r o u t e s ; and

. Effects of any commercial a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e area.

If t h e estimated s i r e n sound pressure l e v e l does n o t g e n e r a l l y meet t h e specified level based on e i t h e r p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y or a 10 dB d i f f e r e n t i a l between t h e measured average summer daytime ambient sound pressure l w e i and t h e e s t i m a t e d s i r e n sound pres-sure level, the s i r e n system should be enhanced by the a d d i t i o n of s i r e n s or by o t h e r a l e r t i n g methods. These methods must be described i n t h e design r e p o r t .

Once t h e s i r e n system is i n s t a l l e d and o p e r a t i o n a l , t h e l i c e n s e e should develop and implement a r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g and opera-b i l i t y program (see Appendix 4: A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and O p e r a b i l i t y Requirements) .

This r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g and o p e r a b i l i t y program s h o u l d i n c l u d e r e g u l a r l y scheduled t e s t i n g of t h e s i r e n system-i n c l u d i n g b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o : s i l e n t , growl, and f u l l - s c a l e tests. NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l, Revision 1I suggests t h e following frequency:

. S i l e n t tests should be conducted a t l e a s t every two w e e k. s..;

. G r o w l tests should be conducted a t l e a s t q u a r t e r l y and whenever p r e v e n t i v e maintenance i s performed; Full-scale t e s t i n g should be conducted a t l e a s t a n n u a l l y and as required f o r formal exercises; and E-9

. Other s i r e n t e s t i n g programs w i l l be reviewed on a case-by- case basi s .

The maintenance of t h e s i r e n system should i n c l u d e prompt repair of any components n o t performing as expected d u r i n g a test.

T h i s maintenance program should a l s o i n c l u d e records of t e s t s and repairs performed. The o p e r a b i l i t y of a s i r e n system is i considered acceptable when a n average of 90% of t h e s i r e n s ( a s determined by a simple average of &J. r e g u l a r l y conducted t e s t s )

c a n be demonstrated as being f u n c t i o n a l over t h e 12-month p e r i o d immediately preceding t h e submittal of t h e design r e p o r t .

Special c o n d i t i o n s (e.g., s i r e n systems t h a t have n o t been o p e r a t i o n a l f o r 12 months) w i l l be considered on a case-by-case basis. A d e s c r i p t i o n of the r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g procedures and a summary of t h e operability records s h o u l d be included i n t h e design r e p o r t . T h i s summary should c o n t a i n a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e computations used t o determine t h e average o p e r a b i l i t y of t h e s i r e n system.

E.6.2.2 -e Sir- V w Whenever mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s

• are employed a s part of t h e primary a l e r t i n g system, t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r u s e should be documented i n t h e design report. A comprehensive d e s c r i p t i o n of the i n d i v i d u a l mobile . s i r e n c'.o n f i g u r a t i o n ( s ) and r o u t i n e s i r e n d A I-t e s t i n g procedures and operability program (see Appendix 4: A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and O p e r a b i l i t y Requirements) should also be i n c l u d e d i n t h e design r e p o r t . T h i s d e s c r i p t i o n should s p e c i f y those aspects of t h e

• Mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s , as discussed i n t h i s s e c t i o n of t h e guide, are d e d i c a t e d warning v e h i c l e s and do e include p o l i c e , fire, o r reskue v e h i c l e s . For acceptance c r i t e r i a r e l a t e d t o t h e use of p o l i c e , fire, or rescue vehicles, see s e c t i o n E . 6 . 2 . 4 of t h i s guide, "Special Alerting."

E-1 0

siren d e s i g n e n s u r i n g t h a t t h e mobile siren v e h i c l e is r e c o g n i z e d by t h e p u b l i c a s part of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system rather t h a n m i s t a k e n f o r an emergency v e h i c l e r e q u i r i n g c l e a r a n c e of t h e roadway.

Furthermore, sound a t t e n u a t i o n computations s h o u l d be i n c l u d e d i n t h e d e s i g n r e p o r t . These sound a t t e n u a t i o n computations s h o u l d be made i n o r d e r t o p r e d i c t d i s t a n c e s , perpendicular t o t h e v e h i c l e ' s d i r e c t i o n of t r a v e l , where 6 0 dBC and 70 dBC sound pressure l e v e l s occur. The a t t e n u a t i o n c a l c u l a t i o n s for mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s , a d e s c r i p t i o n of how t h e sound pressure l e v e l d i s t a n c e s a r e c a l c u l a t e d , and a d i s c u s s i o n of how a v e h i c l e ' s planned speed p r o v i d e s a n e f f e c t i v e s i g n a l d u r a t i o n t o a l e r t t h e i n t e n d e d p o p u l a t i o n s h o u l d be i n c l u d e d i n t h e d e s i g n r e p o r t .

Furthermore, t h e d e s i g n r e p o r t s h o u l d i n c l u d e a d e s c r i p t i o n ,

i i n c l u d i n g any assumptions made, of any a n a l y s e s o r c a l c u l a t i o n s n e c e s s a r y t o v e r i f y t h a t i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n t h e mobile a l e r t areas can be provided a n a l e r t s i g n a l and i n f o r m a t i o n a l message w i t h i n 15 m i n u t e s of t h e i n i t i a l d e c i s i o n t o a c t i v a t e ( o r w i t h i n 45 minutes of such d e c i s i o n when t h e d e s i g n o b j e c t i v e is t o e n s u r e coverage of a p o p u l a t i o n who may n o t have r e c e i v e d t h e i n i t i a l notification) . Such c a l c u l a t i o n s s h o u l d i n c l u d e c o n s e r v a t i v e estimates of t h e time r e q u i r e d t o e x e c u t e any n e c e s s a r y p r o c e d u r e s , t o o b t a i n o r p o s i t i o n any n e c e s s a r y equipnent, and t o c o n s e r v a t i v e l y estimate equipment capa-b i l i t i e s . When t h e i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t system does n o t d i r e c t l y c o n t r o l t h e n e c e s s a r y e q u i p n e n t o r p e r s o n n e l r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t system, t h e design r e p o r t should c o n t a i n or reference suitable w r i t t e n agreements. These w r i t t e n agreements s h o u l d e n s u r e t h a t t h e i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i o n can place s u c h equipment o r p e r s o n n e l under h i s o r her c o n t r o l w i t h i n t h e times estimated i n the d e s i g n r e p o r t .

The g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s covered by mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s s h o u l d be c l e a r l y d e l i n e a t e d on t h e map(s) submitted w i t h t h e design E-11

r e p o r t (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map R e q u i r e -

ments). The proposed r o u t e and e l a p s e d time (measured from t h e i n i t i a l t i m e of a l e r t ) of each v e h i c l e a l o n g i t s r o u t e should be shown i n t h e design r e p o r t . The geographical areas a l o n g t h e r o u t e s should be covered by sound pressure levels a s i n d i c a t e d below:

. Areas w i t h p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t i e s below 2,000 p e r s o n s per square m i l e , e q u a l t o o r above 6 0 dBC; and

. Areas w i t h p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t i e s above 2,000 p e r s o n s per square m i l e , e q u a l t o o r above 7 0 dBC.

I n accordance w i t h t h i s guide's d i s c u s s i o n of f i x e d s i r e n s (see s e c t i o n E.6.2.1, "Fixed S i r e n s " ) , t h e design* r e p o r t should s t a t e when t h e ambient background n o i s e l e v e l has been , _

determined t o be l e s s t h a n 50 dBC. The mobile s i r e n coverage should be computed and depicted t o show coverage a t l e a s t 1 0 dB above t h e average measured outdoor daytime ambient.

If t h e design r e p o r t d e p i c t s mobile s i r e n sound pressure l e v e l s exceeding t h e average measured outdoor daytime ambient by 1 0 dB, t h e f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n should be provided:

A d e s c r i p t i o n of how t h e average summer daytime ambient sound pressure l e v e l s were determined, i n c l u d i n g survey l o c a t i o n s .and t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r s e l e c t i o n ;

I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of actual measurements i n c l u d i n g f re-quency range, t i m e span, and l o c a t i o n ;

Any assumptions used t o determine t h e measured ambient a l o n g w i t h t h e r a t i o n a l e for t h e s e assumptions; R e l a t i o n s h i p s of p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y t o measured ambient I levels; E f f e c t s of major t r a n s p o r t a t i o n r o u t e s ; and I

E f f e c t s of any commercial a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a r e a .

I n summary, mobiie s i r e n v e h i c l e s s a t i s f y NUREG-0654/FEMA-REF-1 I Revision 1, c r i t e r i a when:

E-12 i

1

. The expected s i r e n sound pr'essure l e v e l g e n e r a l l y exceeds 70 dBC where t h e p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y exceeds 2,000 p e r s o n s per square mile and 60 dBC i n o t h e r inhabited a r e a s :

The expected s i r e n sound pressure l e v e l g e n e r a l l y exceeds t h e average measured summer daytime ambient sound pressure l e v e l s by 1 0 dB (geographical a r e a s w i t h l e s s t h a n 2,000 persons per square m i l e ) ; o r

. The sound produced by a mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e i s of such n a t u r e and d u r a t i o n along i t s r o u t e t h a t it can be c l e a r l y recognized by the p u b l i c a s a part of a nuclear power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

Total elapsed t i m e f o r mobile siren a l e r t i n g ( i n c l u d i n g v e h i c l e t r a n s i t . t i m e t o i n i t i a t i o n of t h e r o u t e ) s h o u l d n o t exceed 45 minutes when t h e design o b j e c t i v e of t h e mobile s i r e n usage i s t o ensure coverage of the population who may not have received the i n i t i a l notification, E.6.2.3 -w A tone a l e r t r a d i o i s defined i n t h i s guide as a r a d i o r e c e i v e r containing c i r c u i t r y that allows t h e r a d i o t o r e c e i v e a s i g n a l t h a t can a c t i v a t e an a u d i b l e tone and provide a voice message.

If tone a l e r t r a d i o s are proposed as part ( o r a l l ) of a nuclear power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system, the r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r use should be included i n t h e design report. The design r e p o r t should a l s o c o n t a i n a d e s c r i p t i o n of the tone alert r a d i o ( s ) u t i l i z e d , i n c l u d i n g : t h e manufacturer, the model num-ber, any o p e r a t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s , and photographs. The geograph-ical area covered by tone a l e r t r a d i o s m u s t be i n d i c a t e d on t h e map(s) s u b m i t t e d w i t h t h e design report (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements) ,

Although a b s o l u t e* c o- .n. t r o l of tone 'alert r a d i o s is f o r f e i t e d once I,

they are -given t o t h e public ' f o r u s e i n residences, t h e following s t e p s can be taken t o ensure t h a t t h e p u b l i c ( i n geographical a r e a s where t h e r a d i o s are used as a primary a l e r t i n g method) is _offergd the opportunity t o b e n e f i t from the r.

E-i-3

a v a i l a b i l i t y of t o n e a l e r t radios. A t a minimum, an e f f e c t i v e and c o n t i n u a l tone a l e r t r a d i o d i s t r i b u t i o n and maintenance program should be e s t a b l i s h e d t h a t i n c l u d e s t h e following:

. Tone a l e r t r a d i o s should be o f f e r e d t o t h e p u b l i c i n g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s (where needed) and a " b e s t - e f f o r t "

a t t e m p t m u s t be made t o p l a c e the r a d i o s . A r e c o r d system (register) c o n t a i n i n g an accurate l i s t of a d d r e s s e s (names are o p t i o n a l ) must be maintained for t h o s e geographical a r e a s using t h e tone a l e r t r a d i o s .

The addresses of residents r e f u s i n g t o n e a l e r t r a d i o s s h o u l d also be noted.

. A maintenance program o f f e r i n g o p e r a t i n g c h e c k s should be a v a i l a b l e a t l e a s t a n n u a l l y t o t h e p u b l i c i n geograph-i c a l a r e a s using t h e . t o n e a l e r t r a d i o s . This mainten-ance program and t h e r e g i s t e r program (mentioned above) may be i n t e g r a t e d .

. Tests o f f e r i n g t h e p u b l i c a means t o s e l f - t e s t i t s receivers are d e s i r e d a t least monthly. However, a f i n a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n of t e s t i n g frequency rests w i t h a p p r o p r i a t e s t a t e and l o c a l government o f f i c i a l s . These test results need n o t be monitored.

. W r i t t e n guidance should accompany t h e tone a l e r t radio.

These i n s t r u c t i o n s should a d d r e s s , where a p p l i c a b l e , a tone a l e r t r a d i o ' s :

- General usage;

- S e l f - t e s t i n g frequency and method;

- Suggested l o c a t i o n ( t o f a c i l i t a t e e f f i c i e n t monitoring) ;

- Maintenance program; and

- Telephone numbers f o r repair or replacements.

AS a reminder, t h i s w r i t t e n guidance should be provided a n n u a l l y t o each tone a l e r t r a d i o recipient. This por-t i o n of t h e tone a l e r t program may also be i n t e g r a t e d w i t h t h e r e g i s t e r and maintenance programs (mentioned above)

. A d e t e r m i n a t i o n should be made t h a t t h e broadcast medium f o r i n i t i a t i n g t h e tone a l e r t s i g n a l has adequate a v a i l a -

b i l i t y ( 2 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br /> a day, 7 days a w e e k ) , s i g n a l s t r e n g t h ,

and s i g n a l q u a l i t y .

E-1 4

When a tone a l e r t program ( a s d e f i n e d above) h a s been imple-mented, NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-lI Revision I, c r i t e r i a are s a t i s f i e d f o r t h e t o n e a l e r t p o r t i o n of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

E.6.2.4 Alerting A s i n d i c a t e d i n NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, Appendix 3 c e r t a i n a l e r t i n g methods may be more c o s t e f f e c t i v e t h a n s i r e n s ,

mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s , o r tone a l e r t radios. Since s p e c i a l a l e r t i n g methods encompass a broad v a r i e t y of i n n o v a t i v e a l e r t -

ing t e c h n i q u e s , it is n o t p o s s i b l e t o cover all s i t u a t i o n s w i t h i n t h i s guide. The f o l l o w i n g examples provide only g e n e r a l guidance r e g a r d i n g special a l e r t i n g methods:

. U s e of i n s t i t u t i o n a l a l e r t i n g mechanisms (e.g., i n s c h o o l s , factories, h o s p i t a l s , shopping c e n t e r s , j a i l s ,

h o t e l s , motels, c e n t r a l i z e d off ices, r e c r e a t i o n a l areas, and government and military i n s t a l l a t i o n s ) i

. Use of a i r c r a f t for a l e r t i n g (equipped w i t h e i t h e r l o u d s p e a k e r s or l e a f l e t s ) ;

. U s e of automatic telephone d i a l e r s / s w i t c h i n g equipnent ;

. U s e of modulated power l i n e s ; or

. U s e of p o l i c e , f i r e , and rescue (emergency) v e h i c l e s or personnel (e.g., i n a n extremely s p a r s e l y populated

'area, it may be more cost effective t o have law

..,-- enforcement, f i r e p r o t e c t i o n , rescue, or o t h e r personnel alert households by a v e h i c l e ' s p u b l i c a d d r e s s o r s i r e n system, o r by personal c o n t a c t ) .

E.6.2.4.1 -a1 ~ c c e t ~ t a n cCer i t e r i a For

- S Methods The design r e p o r t should i n c l u d e a detailed d e s c r i p t i o n of each special a l e r t i n g method and t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r employing t h i s method as a proposed part (or all) of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e map(s) s u b m i t t e d w i t h t h e design

r e p o r t (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements) must i n d i c a t e t h e areas alerted by the special method(s) . The design r e p o r t should a l s o c o n t a i n a d e s c r i p t i o n ,

i n c l u d i n g any assumptions made, of any a n a l y s e s or c a l c u l a t i o n s necessary t o v e r i f y t h a t i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n a s p e c i a l a l e r t i n g area can be provided a n a l e r t s i g n a l and i n f o r m a t i o n a l message w i t h i n 1 5 minutes of t h e i n i t i a l d e c i s i o n t o a c t i v a t e (or w i t h i n 45 minutes of such d e c i s i o n when t h e design o b j e c t i v e is t o e n s u r e coverage of a p o p u l a t i o n who m a y not have r e c e i v e d t h e i n i t i a l alert and n o t i f i c a t i o n ) . Such c a l c u l a t i o n s should i n c l u d e c o n s e r v a t i v e estimates of t h e t i m e required t o execute any necessary procedures and t o o b t a i n or p o s i t i o n any necessary equipnent and should c o n s e r v a t i v e l y estimate equipment capabilities. When t h e i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system does n o t d i r e c t l y c o n t r o l t h e necessary equipment or personnel r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i o n , t h e design r e p o r t should c o n t a i n or r e f e r e n c e a p p l i c a b l e w r i t t e n agreements. These w r i t t e n agreements should e n s u r e t h a t t h e i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b l e for a c t i v a t i o n can p l a c e such e q u i p e n t o r personnel under h i s or h e r c o n t r o l w i t h i n t h e times estimated i n the design r e p o r t .

The design report should also d i s c u s s t h e t e s t i n g and main-tenance of any equipment necessary t o employ a special a l e r t i n g method. I n g e n e r a l , full-scale equipment t e s t i n g s h o u l d be conducted a t l e a s t annually. Routine use of t h i s equipment or t h e s e procedures (independent of their u t i l i z a t i o n as a part of an a l e r t a n n o t i f i c a t i o n system) demonstrating a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system capabilities may be considered t o be a n a c c e p t a b l e test .

For t h o s e special a l e r t i n g methods i n v o l v i n g t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n of e q u i p e n t ( o t h e r t h a n t o n e a l e r t r a d i o s a s covered i n t h i s g u i d e ' s s e c t i o n E . 6 . 2 . 3 , "Tone Alert Radios") t o t h e p u b l i c , a special a l e r t i n g program should make a " b e s t - e f f o r t " attempt t o p l a c e this equipment or information. This e f f o r t should i n c l ude :

E-1 6

. A record system (register) c o n t a i n i n g an accurate l i s t of addresses (names are o p t i o n a l ) i n t h e g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a (s) where t h e e q u i p e n t or i n f o r m a t i o n i s needed;

. A r e c o r d of addresses where such e q u i p e n t or i n f o r -

mation is o f f e r e d t o and refused by the r e s i d e n t s ; and

. An ongoing maintenance program, a v a i l a b l e t o a l l resi-dences w i t h i n t h e affected a r e a s , o f f e r i n g equipment o p e r a t i n g checks.

Necessary w r i t t e n guidance should accompany t h e e q u i p e n t . This guidance should address, i f a p p l i c a b l e :

. General usage;

. Suggested placement t o f a c i l i t a t e e f f i c i e n t u s e ;

. Details of the maintenance program, i n c l u d i n g self tests, if a p p r o p r i a t e ; and

. Telephone numbers f o r e q u i p e n t repair or replacement.

T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n s h o u l d be provided a n n u a l l y as a reminder t o each equipment holder. Any o t h e r necessary special information should a l s o be r e d i s t r i b u t e d annually. Register update and main-tenance and p u b l i c information programs c a n be i n t e g r a t e d w i t h this w r i t t e n guidance.

E.6.2.4.2 Use o f u t i t u - Svst-I n a d d i t i o n t o meeting t h e general acceptance c r i t e r i a f o r special a l e r t i n g systems, i n s t i t u t i o n a l a l e r t i n g methods used as a p a r t of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system s h o u l d have a n e f f e c t i v e and c o n t i n u a l program t h a t , a t a minimum, encompasses t h e following:

. S p e c i f i c a t i o n of those o r g a n i z a t i o n s and t h e i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n t h o s e o r g a n i z a t i o n s , by t i t l e , r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the i n s t i t u t i o n a l a l e r t i n g system$

E-17

. D e s c r i p t i o n of the. procedures employed t o n o t i f y t h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s t h a t t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system is t o be a c t i v a t e d : and

. D i s t r i b u t i o n of special information t o n o t i f y t h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s of t h e i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o activ ate t h e e x i s t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n a l a l e r t i n g system, including, where a p p r o p r i a t e (e.g. , f o r h o t e l s , motels, and shopping c e n t e r s ) , guidance on t h e most e f f e c t i v e method of a l e r t i n g system a c t i v a t i o n o r o t h e r s u p p o r t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n (e.g., p u b l i c i n f o r m a t i o n s t i c k e r s o r posters).

E.6.2.4.3 Use of-ft for A l w I n some geographical areas (e.g., h i k i n g t r a i l s and hunting and f i s h i n g areas) , prompt a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n may not be f e a s -

i b l e except by employing a i r c r a f t equipped w i t h powerful sound systems or by dropping prepared l e a f l e t s .

I n a d d i t i o n t o meeting special a l e r t i n g system general a c c e p t a n c e c r i t e r i a , t h e design report should describe t h e u s e of a i r c r a f t f o r a l e r t i n g a s follows:

The sound system, i f any, t o be employed i n a l e r t i n g t h e public v i a a i r c r a f t should be described. The design r e p o r t should i n c l u d e a n a n a l y s i s demonstrating t h a t t h e sound system can provide a n i n t e l l i g i b l e a l e r t i n g s i g n a l a t ground level throughout t h e geographical area r e q u i r i n g coverage.

. The system and procedures e s t a b l i s h e d f o r dropping l e a f l e t s s h o u l d be discussed. The design r e p o r t should i n d i c a t e t h e manner and l o c a t i o n i n which t h e l e a f l e t s are stored, t h e individual responsible f o r ensuring t h a t t h e y are l o a d e d o n t o t h e a i r c r a f t , and t h e time required t o l o a d t h e l e a f l e t s o n t o t h e aircraft. The d e s i g n r e p o r t should a l s o i n c l u d e a n a n a l y s i s or c a l c u l a t i o n demonstrating t h a t t h e employed procedures are l i k e l y t o provide adequate coverage of the geographical area t o be a l e r t e d by aircraft.

. The a i r f i e l d and s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n f o r t h e a i r c r a f t and i t s d i s t a n c e from t h e area t o be covered should be specified. S p e c i f i c a l l y , t h e design report a n a l y s i s of t h e time r e q u i r e d t o a l e r t i n d i v i d u a l s should i n c l u d e ,

among o t h e r p e r t i n e n t f a c t o r s , t h e amount of time required:

E-1 8

- To n o t i f y the p i l o t or a l t e r n a t e , who is a v a i l a b l e 2 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br /> a day, 7 d a y s a week:

- For the pilot t o reach the a i r c r a f t ;

- To p r e p a r e t h e a i r c r a f t f o r f l i g h t ;

- For t h e a i r c r a f t t o t a k e o f f ; and

- For t h e a i r c r a f t t o reach t h e a r e a t o be a l e r t e d .

E.6.2.4.4 yse of AutqIILi)tiC -T Dialers/Switchina

&um=k Another a v a i l a b l e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n method is a system t h a t a u t o m a t i c a l l y d i a l s p r e s e l e c t e d t e l e p h o n e numbers and p l a y s a recorded emergency announcement when t h e telephone is answered.

After a f i x e d number of r i n g s , t h e next number is d i a l e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y , w i t h t h e unanswered numbers redialed a t t h e end of t h e queue. Other telephone systems a v a i l a b l e connect directly t o t e l e p h o n e exchange equipment, can c a l l 1 0 0 , 1 , 0 0 0 ,

or more s t a t i o n s simultaneously, and may employ a special r i n g c o n d i t i o n (e.g., a half-second r i n g followed by a two-second pause), a recorded v o i c e , o r a l i v e v o i c e message.

I n a d d i t i o n t o meeting s p e c i a l a l e r t i n g system g e n e r a l a c c e p tance c r i t e r i a , t h e design r e p o r t should describe a u t o m a t i c telephone d i a l e r s / s w i t c h i n g equipaent as. follows:

1 The type, manufacturer, and g e n e r a l o p e r a t i n g concepts of t h e a u t o m a t i c telephone d i a l e r s o r s w i t c h i n g equip-ment employed s h o u l d be specified. If a s e q u e n t i a l a u t o m a t i c dialer is used, t h e design r e p o r t should i n c l u d e a c a l c u l a t i o n of t o t a l time required t o c y c l e once through t h e queue under both "worst-case" c o n d i t i o n s (e.g., a l l respondents answer on t h e l a s t r i n g b e f o r e r e d i a l ) and "expected" c o n d i t i o n s . The design r e p o r t "should a l s o p r e s e n t t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r sequencing t h e :numbers in t h e queue. Measures t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e telephone system does n o t f a i l due t o t r a f f i c (subscriber) o v e r l o a d i n g p r i o r t o a t l e a s t one complete c y c l e through t h e queue should a l s o be discussed. If simultaneous a l e r t c a l l i n g i s used, t h e design r e p o r t should d i s c u s s p r o v i s i o n s t o e n s u r e t h a t "busy l i n e s " a t E-19,

the t i m e t h e system is a c t i v a t e d are alerted. Measures t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e telephone system does n o t f a i l due t o t r a f f i c ( s u b s c r i b e r ) overloading d u r i n g t h i s a l e r t c a l l should a l s o be discussed i n t h e design r e p o r t .

E.6.2.4.5 Jse of Modulated PQbrer Lines Electrical power l i n e s can be used as another a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n method t o t r a n s m i t information by adding a modulated carrier frequency i n t o t h e standard 60-cycle-per-second frequency used f o r power transmission, Transmitted information can perform a v a r i e t y of f u n c t i o n s (e.g., t u r n on a water h e a t e r , a c t i v a t e a device t h a t reads t h e electric meter and t r a n s m i t s t h e reading back t o t h e u t i l i t y , r i n g a bell)

Such a system can be modified t o a c t i v a t e a v a r i e t y of a l e r t i n g devices, i n c l u d i n g a n e l e c t r i c a l l y d r i v e n horn, a warning l i g h t ,

or a buzzer. If used as a part of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system, a modulated power l i n e system should meet s p e c i a l a l e r t i n g system general acceptance c r i t e r i a .

I n very i s o l a t e d a r e a s , t h e most c o s t - e f f e c t i v e means of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n may employ p o l i c e , f i r e , or rescue v e h i c l e s and personnel t o a l e r t i n d i v i d u a l households, either v i a a v e h i c l e ' s p u b l i c address or s i r e n system or by i n d i v i d u a l l y c o n t a c t i n g members of a household. This use of p o l i c e , f i r e , or rescue v e h i c l e s and personnel may also be a c o s t - e f f e c t i v e method of a l e r t i n g i n d i v i d u a l s in small populated a r e a s , such as p a r k s ,

where seasonal and d i u r n a l v a r i a t i o n s i n a p o p u l a t i o n make a f i x e d s i r e n system l e s s c o s t effective.

I n a d d i t i o n t o meeting special a l e r t i n g system acceptance cri-t e r i a , t h e design r e p o r t should describe t h e u s e of p o l i c e ,

f i r e , or rescue vehicles and personnel as follows:

E-20

. The a l e r t i n g procedures t o be followed;

. The geographical areas t o be covered; and

. The routes t o be used.

These r o u t e s should be c l e a r l y d e l i n e a t e d on t h e map(s) sub-m i t t e d w i t h t h e d e s i g n r e p o r t (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements). A proposed r o u t e and elapsed t i m e (measured from the i n i t i a l t i m e of alert) s h o u l d be shown for each v e h i c l e on each route. The d e s i g n r e p o r t should a l s o account f o r t h e t r a n s i t time of each v e h i c l e t o t h e i n i t i a t i o n of its route and t h e time required for a v e h i c l e t o slow or pause t o a l e r t a n i n d i v i d u a l household. Total elapsed time f o r a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n using p o l i c e , f i r e , o r rescue v e h i c l e s and personnel should n o t exceed 15 minutes (or 4 5 minutes, when t h e design o b j e c t i v e of r o u t e a l e r t i n g is t o e n s u r e coverage of a p o p u l a t i o n who may not have received t h e i n i t i a l alert and notification) .

CHAPTER 2 NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1, REVISION 1, PLANNING STANDARD F -

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS p l a n n i n u S tandard F i n NURM; 0 6 5 4 / F E u F ! p - 1 , - w o n L reauires:

" P r o v i s i o n s e x i s t for prompt communications among p r i n c i p a l response o r g a n i z a t i o n s t o emergency personnel and t o the-pub1 ic. "

Eva-1 C r i t e r i o n F.1 i n P1-a S ta F rwuires t h a t :

"The communication p l a n s for emergencies s h a l l i n c l u d e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l t i t l e s and a l t e r n a t e s for both ends of t h e communication l i n k s . Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l e s t a b l i s h r e l i a b l e primary and backup means of communication for licensees, local, and S t a t e response o r g a n i z a t i o n s . Such systems should be selected t o be compatible w i t h one another. Each p l a n s h a l l include:

a. p r o v i s i o n for 24-hour per day n o t i f i c a t i o n t o and acti-v a t i o n of the S t a t e / l o c a l emergency response network; and a t a minimum, a telephone l i n k and a l t e r n a t e , in-c l u d i n g 24-hour per day manning of communications l i n k s t h a t i n i t i a t e emergency response actions.

b. p r o v i s i o n f o r communications w i t h [contiguous] State/

l o c a l governments w i t h i n t h e Emergency Planning Zones;

c. p r o v i s i o n for communications as needed w i t h Federal emer-

- gency response o r g a n i z a t i o n s :

d. p r o v i s i o n f o r communications between t h e n u c l e a r fa-c i l i t y and t h e licensee's near-site Emergency Operations F a c i l i t y , State and l o c a l emergency o p e r a t i o n s centers, and r a d i o l o g i c a l monitoring teams:

e. p r o v i s i o n for a l e r t i n g or a c t i v a t i n g emergency personnel i n each response o r g a n i z a t i o n : and

f. p r o v i s i o n f o r communication by t h e l i c e n s e e w i t h NRC h e a d q u a r t e r s and NRC Regional Off ice Emergency Opera-t i o n s Centers and t h e l i c e n s e e ' s n e a r - s i t e Emergency O p e r a t i o n s F a c i l i t y and r a d i o l o g i c a l monitoring team assembly area, F-1

F - 1 . 1 Areas of RevieJd Review under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n F.l a d d r e s s e s whether a primary and a secondary means of communication e x i s t from t h e Emergency Response F a c i l i t i e s through t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system's implementing c h a i n t o a n o f f i c i a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t system.

F.1.2 Bcceptance C r i t e r i a An acceptable emergency p l a n under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n F . l i

should p r o v i d e a clear d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e primary and secondary means of communication, from t h e l i c e n s e e ' s Emergency Response F a c i l i t i e s through a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system's imple-menting c h a i n t o t h e o f f i c i a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t system, t h a t meets t h e f o l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a :

. Coveraae: The primary and secondary means of communi-c a t i o n must provide t h e c a p a b i l i t y f o r a 24-hour-per-day n o t i f i c a t i o n from t h e l i c e n s e e ' s Emergency Response F a c i l i t i e s t o t h e o f f i c i a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r making t h e d e c i s i o n t o activate t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

The primary and secondary means of communication must a l s o provide t h e c a p a b i l i t y f o r a 24-hour-per-day n o t i f i c a t i o n from these o f f i c i a l s t o t h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s responsible f o r t h e actual a c t i v a t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

. N e t C o w : To e n s u r e effective use, communi c a t i o n s n e t d i sci p l i ne, and communi c a t i o n s a v a i l a b i l i t y , one l o c a t i o n on each communications n e t should be a s s i g n e d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for n e t c o n t r o l and a n i a l t e r n a t e should be assigned.

. ons Svstem Av-itv gnd R s t a t i o n s and p o i n t s on t h e network a n d communication W  : All l i n k a g e m u s t provide a c a p a b i l i t y f o r immediate dissemination, r e c e i p t , and acknowledgment of a l e r t and warning messages on a 24-hour-per-day basis. O r a l message communications should be supported by w r i t t e n (e.g.8 t e l e x o r t e l e f a x ) v e r i f i c a t i o n . A primary or secondary means of communication should be able t o f u n c t i o n notwithstanding adverse environmental c o n d i t i o n s , such as f l o o d s and power outages. A t l e a s t one of those means of communication should n o t be s u b j e c t t o pre-emption f o r lower p r i o r i t y purposes o r F-2

f o r f a i l u r e due t o t r a f f i c (subscriber) overloading. A primary and secondary means of communication should be selected so t h a t they do n o t have common f a i l u r e modes under adverse environmental c o n d i t i o n s .

. 3  : Design of communications systems and p r o c e d u r e s should t a k e i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h a t a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n i s h i g h l y sen-s i t i v e and, i f monitored o r i n t e r c e p t e d by u n a u t h o r i z e d personnel, is subject t o m i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t can lead t o u n d e s i r a b l e and c o u n t e r p r o d u c t i v e r e a c t i o n s .

i F-3

CHAPTER 3 NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1 REVISION 1 PLANNING STANDARD N - EXERCISES AND DRILLS Planning S tandard N i n NUREG-0654/FEMAP-1, - w o n 1.

r e a w e s that:

" P e r i o d i c e x e r c i s e s are ( w i l l be) conducted t o e v a l u a t e major p o r t i o n s of emergency response c a p a b i l i t i e s , p e r i o d i c d r i l l s are ( w i l l be) conducted t o develop and m a i n t a i n key s k i l l s , and d e f i c i e n c i e s i d e n t i f i e d as a r e s u l t of exer-cises or d r i l l s are ( w i l l be) c o r r e c t e d . m Evaluation C r i t e ~ ~N.1.a w Fn,-a Sd

- N r e a a r e s that:

"An exercise i s a n event t h a t tests t h e integrated capa-b i l i t y and a major p o r t i o n of t h e basic elements e x i s t i n g w i t h i n emergency preparedness p l a n s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s . The emergency p r e p a r e d n e s s e x e r c i s e s h a l l s i m u l a t e an emergency t h a t r e s u l t s i n o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l releases which would require r e s p o n s e by o f f s i t e a u t h o r i t i e s . Exercises s h a l l be conducted as set f o r t h i n NRC and FEMA rules."

es th&:

"An e x e r c i s e s h a l l i n c l u d e m o b i l i z a t i o n of State and l o c a l personnel and r e s o u r c e s a d e q u a t e t o v e r i f y t h e c a p a b i l i t y t o respond t o an a c c i d e n t s c e n a r i o r e q u i r i n g response. The o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l provide f o r a c r i t i q u e of t h e annual e x e r c i s e by Federal and State o b s e r v e r s / e v a l u a t o r s . The s c e n a r i o s h o u l d be v a r i e d from y e a r t o y e a r such t h a t a l l major e l e m e n t s of t h e p l a n s and p r e p a r e d n e s s o r g a n i z a t i o n s are tested w i t h i n a five-year period. Each o r g a n i z a t i o n should make p r o v i s i o n s t o s t a r t a n e x e r c i s e between 6:OO p.m. and midnight, and a n o t h e r between midnight and 6 : O O a.m. once every s i x y e a r s . E x e r c i s e s should be conducted under v a r i o u s weather c o n d i t i o n s , Some e x e r c i s e s should be unannounced.

N . 1 , (a, b) .1 AreasofS Review under E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n N.1. (a,b) a d d r e s s e s demonstration of t h e i n t e g r a t e d c a p a b i l i t y of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system c h a i n of command t o f u n c t i o n e f f e c t i v e l y from t h e t i m e a d e c i s i o n t o activate t h e system is necessary u n t i l t h e system i s a c t i v a t e d . Before recommending a n a l e r t a n d n o t i f i c a t i o n system demonstration for the purposes of conducting a p u b l i c survey, t h e requirements of Planning Standards E and F m u s t be satisfied.

N-1 t '

The s t a t i s t i c a l focus of t h e survey is p u b l i c ( r e s i d e n t i a l households) a l e r t i n g versus n o n a l e r t i n g , which i s a b i n a r y event w i t h some p r o b a b i l i t y , p, f o r a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ popu-l a t i o n . The s t a t i s t i c a l model r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e number of suc-cessful e v e n t s i n such a p r o c e s s i s t h e hypergeometric d i s -

t r i b u t i o n . Well-known s t a t i s t i c a l methods are a v a i l a b l e t o estimate a confidence i n t e r v a l f o r p, based upon a represen-t a t i v e sample of the EPZ population. I n order t o a c h i e v e a n appropriate number of responses, a sample of between 1 , 0 0 0 and 3,000 r e s i d e n c e s i s developed f o r each survey. This sample i s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s e n t i r e EPZ, and enough telephone c a l l s a r e completed and responses received t o a c h i e v e a s t a t i s t i c a l l y v a l i d sample w i t h a confidence level of 95% and a p r e c i s i o n of 5 % . Depending upon t h i s r a t i o of affirmative-to-t o t a l answers, t h e number of completed telephone c a l l s can v a r y from 250 r e s i d e n c e s t o approximately 400 r e s i d e n c e s w i t h i n a nuclear power p l a n t ' s EPZ .

A telephone survey of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ r e s i d e n t i a l households c o n s i s t s of approximately s i x q u e s t i o n s , approved by t h e O f f i c e of Management and Budget (Om) , designed t o determine:

. The v a l i d i t y of t h e r e s p o n d e n t ' s a d d r e s s and t e l e p h o n e number:

. If a respondent was aware of a nuclear power p l a n t ' s emergency a l e r t i n g s i g n a l ;

. Row a respondent was made aware of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s emergency a l e r t i n g s i g n a l :

. The l o c a t i o n ( a t home, away from home) of t h e respondent a t t h e time of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i -

c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n ; and

. If a residence received emergency i n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l regarding what t o do i n t h e event of an a c t u a l emergency a t t h e n u c l e a r power p l a n t .

The r e s u l t s of this survey are used t o i d e n t i f y aspects of an a l e r t i n g system t h a t may need enhancement.

N-4

Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.2 i n Plannina S ta n a r d N r e -a a r e s that:

"A d r i l l is a s u p e r v i s e d i n s t r u c t i o n period aimed a t test-ing, developing and maintaining s k i l l s i n a particular o p e r a t i o n . A d r i l l is o f t e n a component of an exercise.

A d r i l l s h a l l be s u p e r v i s e d and evaluated by a q u a l i f i e d d r i l l instructor. Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l conduct d r i l l s ,

i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e annual exercise a t t h e f r e q u e n c i e s i ndi ca t e d bel ow :

Communications w i t h S t a t e and l o c a l governments w i t h i n t h e plume exposure pathway Ehergency Planning Zone s h a l l be tested monthly. Communications w i t h Federal emer-gency response o r g a n i z a t i o n s and S t a t e s w i t h i n t h e i n g e s t i o n pathway s h a l l be tested q u a r t e r l y . Communi-c a t i o n s between t h e n u c l e a r f a c i l i t y , State and l o c a l emergency o p e r a t i o n s c e n t e r s , and f i e l d assessment teams s h a l l be t e s t e d annually. Communication d r i l l s s h a l l a l s o i n c l u d e t h e a s p e c t of understanding t h e c o n t e n t of messages.

N.2.1 U e a s of Review Review of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system e f f e c t i v e n e s s under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.2 relates only t o communication drills as s p e c i f i e d i n "a." above. Communication d r i l l s should be conducted i n accordance w i t h t h e i n t e n t and schedule of Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.2 .

N.2.2 AcceDtance C r i t e r i a An a c c e p t a b l e emergency p l a n should require monthly a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system communication d r i l l s among t h e o f f i c i a l s s p e c i f i c a l l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g a n a l e r t and n o t i f i -

c a t i o n system. D r i l l s need n o t i n c l u d e c o o r d i n a t i o n or s u p p o r t Emergency Operations Center s t a f f . Drills should emphasize developing and m a i n t a i n i n g t h e c a p a b i l i t i e s of o f f i c i a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

"Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l describe how e x e r c i s e s and d r i l l s a r e t o be carried o u t t o allow free play f o r d e c i s i o n making and t o meet t h e f o l l o w i n g o b j e c t i v e s . Pending t h e development of e x e r c i s e s c e n a r i o s and e x e r c i s e e v a l u a t i o n guidance by NiiC and FEMA t h e s c e n a r i o s f o r u s e i n e x e r c i s e s and d r i l l s s h a l l i n c l u d e b u t n o t be l i m i t e d , t o , t h e following:

a. The basic o b j e c t i v e ( s ) of each drill and e x e r c i s e and appropriate evaluation criteria;

b. The d a t e ( s ) , time period, p l a c e ( s ) , and p a r t i c i p a t i n g organizations;

c. The s i m u l a t e d e v e n t s ;

d. A time schedule of real and simulated i n i t i a t i n g e v e n t s ;

e. A n a r r a t i v e summary d e s c r i b i n g t h e conduct of t h e exer-cises o r d r i l l s t o i n c l u d e such t h i n g s a s s i m u l a t e d casualties, o f f s i t e f i r e department assistance, rescue of personnel, u s e of p r o t e c t i v e c l o t h i n g , deployment of r a d i o l o g i c a l monitoring teams, and p u b l i c information a c t i v i t i e s ; and f . A d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e arrangements f o r and advance materials t o be provided t o o f f i c i a l observers."

Review of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.3 a d d r e s s e s only t h a t aspect of t h e r e q u i r e m e n t f o r developing e x e r c i s e s c e n a r i o s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system implementing chain.

N.3.2 An a c c e p t a b l e emergency p l a n should require t h a t exercise s c e n a r i o s provide f o r a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n

( o r a s i m u l a t e d a c t i v a t i o n ) . A c t i v a t i o n ( o r a s i m u l a t e d acti-v a t i o n ) should r e s u l t from the decision-making process and should n o t r e s u l t from p r e v i o u s l y determined, s p e c i f i e d times f o r c e r t a i n e v e n t s t o occur.

Eva u  :

"Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l establish means f o r e v a l u a t i n g o b s e r v e r and p a r t i c i p a n t comments on areas needing im-provement, i n c l u d i n g emergency p l a n procedural changes, and for a s s i g n i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r impl ement i n g c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n s . Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l e s t a b l i s h management c o n t r o l used t o e n s u r e t h a t c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n s a r e impl emented.

N.5.1 T h i s gudde covers E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n N . 5 as it applies t o e v a l u a t i n g o f f i c i a l federal, s t a t e , or l o c a l government observer and p a r t i c i p a n t comments concerning t h e performance of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system d u r i n g exercises and f o r a s s i g n i n g re-s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r implementing any m o d i f i c a t i o n s t o a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

N.5.2 An emergency p l a n is acceptable under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N . 5 provided t h e method f o r e v a l u a t i n g and responding t o observer and p a r t i c i p a n t comments concerning a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n sys-t e m performance d u r i n g e x e r c i s e s meets t h e f o l l o w i n g minimum criteria :

Observer and p a r t i c i p a n t comments, recommendations, and responses ( i f a p p r o p r i a t e ) by i n d i v i d u a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r planning, maintenance, o r o p e r a t i o n of a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system should be documented.

Evaluations of observer and p a r t i c i p a n t comments and recommendations should be performed by q u a l i f i e d i n d i -

viduals. These e v a l u a t i o n s and t h e bases f o r any conclusions or recommendations should be documented.

. The results of t h e s e e v a l u a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g d i s p o s i t i o n ,

should be maintained on f i l e for review by a p p r o p r i a t e f e d e r a l , s t a t e , and l o c a l government o f f i c i a l s and li-censee personnel with the a u t h o r i t y t o take a p p r o p r i a t e corrective actions.

N-7

. The individual within each organization responsible for ensuring timely implementation of c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n s should be i d e n t i f i e d by t i t l e .

Reports documenting observer and participant comments and t h e evaluations of these comments should be retained f o r a period of a t l e a s t 5 years.

APPENDIX 1 PROCEDURES FOR PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF A DESIGN REPORT DESCRIBING ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS

APPENDIX 1 PROCEDURES FOR PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF A DESIGN REPORT DESCRIBING ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS INTRODUCCION FEMA's 44 CFR 350 final r u l e creates t h e r e g u l a t o r y framework by which FEMA evaluates and approves s t a t e and l o c a l emergency p l a n s and p r e p a r e d n e s s t o deal with a r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency a t a l i c e n s e d commercial nuclear power p l a n t . This appendix supple-ments t h e u d e f o r the E v w o n of Alert and Not-for N u c l e a r Power P l a n t s by recommending a process for s u b m i t t i n g t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n aspects of a t o t a l s t a t e emergency plan.

e -na This appendix h a s been prepared a s a n a i d t o uniformity and completeness i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n and review of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system s e c t i o n s of s t a t e / l o c a l emergency p l a n s a p p l i c a b l e t o commercial nuclear power p l a n t s . S t a t e s t h a t have previously submitted p l a n s ( o r even p r e p a r e d p l a n s f o r sub-mission) t o FEMA do not have t o restructure or resubmit those plans. I n these cases, a design r e p o r t may be prepared, addressing o n l y t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system aspects.

Cross-references t o a p p l i c a b l e documentation i n e x i s t i n g plans are encouraged.

Submitted p l a n s o r design r e p o r t s w i l l be reviewed f o r com-p l e t e n e s s on t h e basis of s i t e and system design c o n s i d e r a t i o n s r e l e v a n t . t o t h e c o n t e n t s of t h i s guide. If t h e p l a n s and design report do n o t c o n t a i n t h e required information, FEMA's review '

w i l l be delayed u n t i l such information is provided.

1-1

I m b e r of Cowi eg One copy of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system p o r t i o n of (01:

attachment t o ) the s t a t e p l a n should be submitted t o t h e appro-p r i a t e s t a t e f o r review and should be c o o r d i n a t e d w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e FEMA Regional D i r e c t o r . If a s t a t e p l a n is undergoing approval, an NRC l i c e n s e e may s t i l l s u b m i t a design report f o r review. To f a c i l i t a t e review and approval, one a d d i t i o n a l cow of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system p o r t i o n of

( o r attachment t o ) t h e p l a n should be submitted t o t h e C h i e f ,

F i e l d Operations Branchr Technological Hazards Division, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 500 C Street S.W., Washington, DOC.

20472.

FEMA h a s determined t h a t t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system p o r t i o n of an emergency p l a n w i l l be s u b j e c t t o p u b l i c dis-c l o s u r e . A l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n i s h i g h l y s e n s i t i v e and, i f monitored or i n t e r c e p t e d by unauthorized personnel, becomes s u b j e c t t o m i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t can l e a d t o unde-s i r a b l e and c o u n t e r p r o d u c t i v e r e a c t i o n s , Therefore, information t h a t f a c i l i t a t e s such monitoring o r i n t e r c e p t i o n should n o t be included i n t h e design report, I n particular, t h e specific r a d i o f r e q u e n c i e s and a u t h e n t i c a t i o n codes employed s h o u l d not be i d e n t i f i e d .

tibuitv E f f o r t s should be made t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system p o r t i o n of ( o r attachment t o ) t h e emergency p l a n is com-p a t i b l e w i t h o t h e r p o r t i o n s of the emergency plan. However, o t h e r s e c t i o n s of the emergency p l a n need not be p h y s i c a l l y 1-2

incorporated. An NRC l i c e n s e e can cross-reference other s e c t i o n s of an emergency plan i n t h e design report. However, FEMA encourages actual duplication of any references i n t h e design report t o f a c i l i t a t e a timely review.

1-3

APPENDIX 2 A

SUMMARY

OF DESIGN REPORT MAP REQUIREMENTS

APPENDIX 2 A

SUMMARY

OF D E S I G N REPORT MAP REQUIREMENTS The design r e p o r t m u s t i n c l u d e map(s) a s required by t h i s guide. When n e c e s s a r y , t h e map(s) provided should:

. Depict t h e EPZ boundary ;

. Depict, when more t h a n one a l e r t i n g mechanism is u t i l i z e d , t h e geographical areas covered by each mechanism; and

. Depict unpopulated geographical areas t h a t a r e n o t covered by an a l e r t i n g mechanism.

Unnecessary and d u p l i c a t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n is n o t d e s i r e d . For example, i f only tone a l e r t radios are u t i l i z e d f o r a l e r t i n g t h e p u b l i c and t h e EPZ is defined by a 1 0 - m i l e radius around t h e p l a n t , no map would be required. Supplementary information, such as t h a t needed t o support r o u t e a l e r t i n g , should be provided i n t e x t form i n t h e design r e p o r t . This i n f o r m a t i o n should:

. Depict, f o r t h o s e geographical areas where f i x e d s i r e n s are u t i l i z e d , areas where t h e p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y exceeds 2,000 p e r s o n s per s q u a r e mile and a r e a s v i r t u a l l y unpopu-lated;

. Depict, for t h o s e geographical areas where f i x e d s i r e n s are u t i l i z e d , s i r e n l o c a t i o n s and unique s i r e n i d e n t i f i e r s such t h a t t h e s i r e n l o c a t i o n s and i d e n t i f i e r s can be a c c u r a t e l y t r a n s f e r r e d t o U. S.

Geological Survey topographic maps f o r a n a l y s i s ; and

. Depict, f o r t h o s e geographical areas where f i x e d s i r e n s are u t i l i z e d , sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l c o n t o u r s of 6 0 dBC and 7 0 dBC ( n o t e t h a t 70 dBC c o n t o u r s need o n l y be shown when c o v e r i n g p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t i e s g r e a t e r t h a n 2,000 p e r s o n s per square mile). I n cases where t h e design report shows t h e s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l exceeding a n a v e r a g e measured outdoor daytime ambient sound level ( 8 )

by 1 0 dB, d e p i c t a p p r o p r i a t e s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e level c o n t o u r s f o r t h e sound p r e s s u r e levels t h a t are 1 0 d B above t h e average outdoor daytime ambient sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l (5) 2-1

APPENDIX 3 A

SUMMARY

OF THE ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SURVEY METHODOLOGY Survey Methodology 3- 1 Sample S i z e Determination 3- 4 FEMA Nuclear Power Plant Alerting and N o t i f i c a t i o n System:

Pub1 ic Telephone Survey 3- 7

APPENDIX 3 A

SUMMARY

OF THE ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SURVEY METHODOLOGY Immediately f o l l o w i n g a c t i v a t i o n of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system as a part of a demonstration t h a t t h e system meets t h e requirements of 4 4 CFR 350.9(a) , FEMA w i l l conduct a t e l e p h o n e survey of a sample of r e s i d e n t s w i t h i n t h a t n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s emergency planning zone (EPZ) . The purpose of this survey i s t o estimate t h e p r o p o r t i o n of households w i t h i n t h e EPZ alerted by a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system. The g e n e r i c survey q u e s t i o n n a i r e approved by the Office of Management and Budget i s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s appendix.

The u n i v e r s e f o r a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t a n d n o t i f i c a t i o n survey c o n s i s t s of all r e s i d e n t i a l I n o n - i n s t i t u t i o n a l households w i t h i n t h e EPZ. w h i l e this area is g e n e r a l l y a 1 0 - m i l e - r a d i u s circle, with t h e n u c l e a r p l a n t as t h e c e n t e r p o i n t , it may sometimes i n c l u d e areas extending beyond 1 0 miles. The l o n g i t u d i n a l and l a t i t u d i n a l c o o r d i n a t e s of t h e n u c l e a r power p l a n t , along w i t h a complete d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e s i z e and shape of t h e EPZ, are used t o i d e n t i f y t h e u n i v e r s e of households w i t h i n t h e EPZ.

When drawing a sample f o r t h e telephone survey, t h e f i r s t t a s k i s t o o b t a i n a complete s e t of detailed s t r e e t maps covering t h e survey area. These maps are u s u a l l y o b t a i n e d from county planning commissions o r l o c a l governmental agencies. Next, a l i s t of names and a d d r e s s e s (commonly r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e sample) is o b t a i n e d f o r r e s i d e n t s of households w i t h i n t h e EPZ. Given t h e l o n g i t u d e and l a t i t u d e of t h e p l a n t , along w i t h d e t a i l s of L .+'

A, 3 -1

the s i z e and shape of t h e EPZ, computerized mapping t e c h n i q u e s are used t o o b t a i n t h i s information from a data base f o r households w i t h i n t h e EPZ.

Depending on t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e a r e a , households are selected v i a census t r a c t s , block groups, enumeration d i s t r i c t s ,

z i p codes, or other geographic delimiters.

A base l i s t of households, g e o g r a p h i c a l l y ordered, is compiled, comprising a l l a v a i l a b l e addresses and telephone numbers i d e n t i f i e d w i t h i n t h e EPZ. From t h i s base l i s t , a sample of households i s s e l e c t e d i n a s y s t e m a t i c ( n t h name) f a s h i o n ,

ensuring t h a t t h e sample p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y r e p r e s e n t s t h e e n t i r e EPZ ( i . e . , EPZ areas a r e r e p r e s e n t e d i n p r o p o r t i o n t o t h e number of households c o n t a i n e d t h e r e i n ) .

Although t h e t e c h n i q u e s used t o c o l l e c t t h e u n i v e r s a l sample a r e highly accurate, sometimes households on t h e l i s t a r e l o c a t e d j u s t o u t s i d e t h e EPZ. Households determined by t h i s c h e c k t o be o u t s i d e the EPZ are removed from t h e sample. The f i r s t step i n preparing t h e sample f o r i n t e r v i e w i n g is t o check each address on the aforementioned s t r e e t maps t o v e r i f y t h a t it is, i n f a c t ,

l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e EPZ.

For households located w i t h i n t h e EPZ, hard copy sample l a b e l s are p r i n t e d and a f f i x e d t o sample c a l l report: forms. These sample p i e c e s a r e t h e n s y s t e m a t i c a l l y ( n t h name) d i v i d e d i n t o mini-samples. Each of t h e s e mini-samples (commonly ref e r r e d t o a s r e p l i c a t e groups) is p r o p o r t i o n a t e and r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e e n t i r e ( u n i v e r s a l ) sample. After the mini-samples have been selected, they are s h u f f l e d i n t o random order t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e specific c a l l i n g sequence does not i n t r o d u c e any b i a s i n t o t h e results. Immediately following t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n , these sample pieces are released t o i n t e r -

viewers i n r e p l i c a t e groups, ,and t h e i n t e r v i e w e r s begin telephoning households w i t h i n t h e EPZ. Since t h e e x a c t number 3 -2

of sample pieces needed t o complete i n t e r v i e w i n g cannot be p r e c i s e l y determined i n advance, t h e release of t h e sample i n randomly s h u f f l e d r e p l i c a t e groups e n s u r e s t h a t t h e f i n a l s e t Of completed i n t e r v i e w s i s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e e n t i r e surveyed EPZ .

As i n t e r v i e w i n g p r o g r e s s e s , i n t e r v i e w e r s key all responses i n t o computer t e r m i n a l s , and running t o t a l s are kept on completed i n t e r v i e w s for t h o s e households t h a t were alerted and t h o s e households t h a t were not a l e r t e d ,

The target number of completed i n t e r v i e w s v a r i e s from survey t o survey, depending on t h e a l e r t e w n o t a l e r t e d ratio. T h i s t a r g e t number is e s t a b l i s h e d t o e n s u r e t h a t a s u f f i c i e n t number of i n t e r v i e w s are conducted t o provide survey results w i t h 5%

p r e c i s i o n a t a 95% confidence level. The computer program monitors t h e a l e r t e d / n o t a l e r t e d r a t i o and performs a sample s i z e c a l c u l a t i o n a f t e r each recorded interview. The number of i n t e r v i e w s r e q u i r e d i s continuously updated and d i s p l a y e d t o supervisory s t a f f , a l l o w i n g t h e sample t o be released p r o p e r l y and t h e i n t e r v i e w i n g process t o be terminated when t h e r e q u i r e d number of i n t e r v i e w s have been completed. . The i n t e r v i e w s are u s u a l l y completed w i t h i n one hour of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n ,

After t h e telephone survey has been terminated, all completed i n t e r v i e w s are once a g a i n checked a g a i n s t maps t o see i f t h e surveyed households are l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e EPZ. During interviewing, respondents are asked t o provide their address and t h e c l o s e s t c r o s s s t r e e t or i n t e r s e c t i o n t o t h e i r house. Since respondents sometimes provide new addresses o r a more e x a c t l o c a t i o n , these a d d r e s s e s are -checked a g a i n s t ' s t r e e t maps a second time. I n 'additi'on, - t h i s se-cond check i d e n t i f i e s anyone who has moved or whose address has changed from t h e one o b t a i n e d W i t h t h e o r i g i n a l sample. Before f i n a l t a b u l a t i o n s a r e run, any households detected t o be o u t s i d e of t h e EPZ are removed from t h e universe of surveyed households.

3-3 '

SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION The number of households t h a t need t o b e surveyed is determined based upon t h e need t o obtain a sample size s u f f i c i e n t t o o b t a i n a 9 5 % confidence i n t e r v a l with precision (half-width) of 0.05 f o r the estimate of the proportion alerted. The exact number of households t o be surveyed can b e derived from the following s t a t i s t i c a l considerations. For r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e sample s i z e s

( n 2 30) , taken without replacement from a population (N), t h e s a p l i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r proportions (e.g.# t h e proportion of t h e population a l e r t e d ) is neatly a normal d i s t r i b u t i o n , t h e mean of which is t h e proportion (p) of the population a l e r t e d and t h e variance of which is If P is the observed sample proportion, then for a p a r t i c u l a r confidence l e v e l with confidence c o e f f i c i e n t Z c r Thus, f o r this confidence level, t h e actual proportion of t h e population a l e r t e d satisfies the following i n e q u a l i t i e s :

3-4 .

i

Thus, the p r e c i s i o n (W) is simply given by This equation can be solved t o determine the sample s i z e (n) required t o y i e l d a given p r e c i s h n (W) with a given observed sample proportion (P) as follows:

Although this expression f o r n can be used d i r e c t l y , it is customary t o make s e v e r a l approximations, F i r s t , s i n c e t h e term i n N i n t h e denominator ( t h e f i n i t e population term) is p o s i t i v e d e f i n i t e f o r all reasonable values of W ( 0 < W < 0 . 5 ) ? omitting t h i s term w i l l r e s u l t i n an approximation t o n that is s l i g h t l y larger than i t s t r u e value. This is an acceptable p r a c t i c e i n s i z i n g t h e sample s i n c e a larger sample gives g r e a t e r precision.

3-5

A second approximation t h a t can be made i s t o neglect t h e terms i n W2 within the bracket i n the numerator. Analysis demonstrates that t h i s underestimates n when P < 1/2 - 1/4 -4 or P > 1/2 + 1/4 {x and overestimates n for P between those two values. For the case of i n t e r e s t ( a 95% confidence i n t e r v a l with precision of 0 . 0 5 ) , this approximation provides an overestimation of n when a sample s i z e g r e a t e r than 1 9 1 is required. Since the sampling plan c a l l s f o r a minimum sample s i z e of 250, regardless of the value of P, t h i s approximation is acceptable because it a l s o y i e l d s an estimate of n l a r g e r than t h e true value. Therefore, for the purposes of the p i l o t t e s t and subsequent surveys, the following approximate equation can be used t o determine whether a sample s i z e larger than 250 is required :

2 3 31 -P(1 - a1 zc w2 or using 1.96 for Zc and 0.05 f o r W, a = 1536.64 P(1 - P)

Data from the p i l o t t e s t can be used t o i l l u s t r a t e the effects of these approximations. In t h e p i l o t t e s t , the population of tone a l e r t households from which t h e sample was t o be drawn (N) was approximately 4500 and t h e observed proportion a l e r t e d (PI was 0 . 6 7 5 , This y i e l d s 311 as t h e exact result f o r n.

Neglecting the f i n i t e population term yields an estimate of 334 f o r nr and the simplified f i n a l approximation estimates n a s 338. Thus, the final simplified approximation overestimates t h e required sample s i z e by 27 i n this case.

3 -6

116834

h i l t o n Research S e r v i c e s (adnor, Pennsylvania OMB 13067-0103 (FMA 9/85)

F'EMA NUCLEAR XIWEB PLANT A L E I U I N G AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM: PUBLIC TELDWNE SURVEY Time Began AM PM Interview #

(1-5)

Time Ended AM  % Z i p Code (6-1 0 )

Sample Type (11)

BE0L)RD BEFORE DIALING -Telephone #

(Area Code) (Exchange) (Number) (12-21)

LESWNDENT: Male o r Female head o f household.

ASK, DEPENDING ON SEX: Are you t h e (man of t h e h o u s e / l o d y of t h e house)?

N'IRODUCTION :

Eello, my name is . We're c a l l i n g households long d i s t a n c e

'rom C h i l t o n Rasearch Setvices as p a r t o f a s u r v e y . This s u r v e y is sponsored by The b d e r a l I h e r g e n c y Management Agency ( PEHA) of t h e Unl ted S ea t a s Government.

Your answers are v o l u n t a r y a n d vi11 ba kept s t r i c t l y c o n f i d e n t i a l .

F i r s t of a l l , is t h i s (REPEAT # DIALED)?

t

&S 1 T E S W T E AND DIAL AGAIN No 2 I r CDNTINUE Ye s 1 S U P TO Q. 4A No 2 b a r d from CONTINUE an0 t h e r 3 source ASK IF ANY OTHER i%lUSEHOLD Don't Know 8 MEMBER IS MORE XNOWLEZEAELE 3-7

H o w were you made aware of t h i s emergency Lest signal? ( D O E READ. CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

Fixed s i r e n 1 Mobile s i r e n 2 SKIP TO Don' t Know 3 Tone Alert Radio 4 Q. 4 Neighbor t o l d me 5 O t h e r f a m i l y member t o l d me 6 O t h e r : (SPECIFY) 7 CONTINUE Don' t Knou Y 3A. Were you made aware by a . . . (READ LIST. CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

(30-36) 1 Fixed s i r e n 1 Mobile siren 2 Tone a l e r t 4 Ne1ghbor 5 Another Family Member 6

( SPECIFY)

I DO NOT Siren Don't know t y p e 3 Don' t Kaow P

4. ( I F "HEARD OR SAW EMERGENCY SIGNAL" ASK Q . 4 BELOW OTHERWISE SKIP TO Q. 4A)

Were you a t home o r away from home when you were made auare of t h i s emergency t e s t s i g& 37 SKIP TO Q . 5 UNLESS THIS I S A TO ALERT AREA AND RESfONDENT DID NOZ 1

ANSEER SIREN O R TONE A L m IN 4.3 b a y From m e 2 OR Q.3A. mERWIsE. SKIP TO Q.4B I

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4A.

IP TONE ALERT AREA, ASK Q. 4 8 , Yes 1 OTHERWISE, SXIP TO Q. 5 .

SKIP TO No 2 Q* 5 Don' t Know Y

48. Xas your household e v e r been i s s u e d a (TONE ALEBT RADIO/APPROPRIATE TEXIYLNOLOCY)?

$9-Yes r

SKIP TO Q. 5 4C.

5. Has y o u r household e v e r r e c e i v e d (DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUCTIONS) which t e l l you what t o d o i n P r e a l emergency a t (NAME OF REACTOR)?

41-YQS

6. Because we n e e d t o d e t e n a i n e w h e t h e r o r n o t you l i v e in t h e Fmezgency Planning Zone F=F b u ' t Know Y

( E P Z ) of (NAME OF REACTOR), vould you p l e a s e g i v e m e y o u r address? (PAUSE FOR ANSWER)

ADDRESS:

and t h e n e a r e s t cross street o r main road t o y o u r home.

On behalf of Chilton Research Services and the Federal Energcncy Management Agency, I v o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k you f o r g i v i n g u s some v e r y v a l u a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n .

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APPENDIX 4 A

SUMMARY

OF DESIGN REPORT ROUTINE SIREN TESTING PROCEDURES AND OPERABILITY REQUIREMENTS

APPENDIX 4 A

SUMMARY

OF DESIGN REPORT ROUTINE SIREN TESTING PROCEDURES AND O P E R A B I L I m REQUIREMENTS Before a s i r e n system is i n s t a l l e d and o p e r a t i o n a l , the l i c e n s e e should develop a r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g and o p e r a b i l i t y program t o provide for r e g u l a r l y scheduled t e s t i n g of a s i r e n system. A suggested t e s t i n g frequency is o u t l i n e d i n NnREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1, Appendix 3.

A s part of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system approval process, FEW w i l l :

. Review and accept a nuclear power p l a n t ' s r o u t i n e siren t e s t i n g program; and

. Verify t h e s i r e n o p e r a b i l i t y average estimated from the results of t h e s i r e n t e s t i n g program as i t was implemented f o r t h e 1 2 months preceding submission of the design report.

The o p e r a b i l i t y of a s i r e n system is considered a c c e p t a b l e when a n average of 90% of t h e s i r e n s ( a s determined by a simple average of all r e g u l a r l y conducted t e s t s ) can be demonstrated functional Over the 12-month period immediately preceding t h e s u h i t t a l of the design report. Special c o n s i d e r a t i o n w i l l be given f o r s i r e n systems t h a t have not been o p e r a t i o n a l f o r 1 2 months. Acceptability of t h e r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g procedures is an important part of t h e overall a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system review since the o p e r a b i l i t y percentage w i l l be derived from implementation of t h e s e procedures. Further information on t e s t i n g procedures and o p e r a b i l i t y is contained i n t h e FEMA Guidance Memorandum series, an added i n t e r p r e t a t i o n and a p p l i c a t i o n of NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1.

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Use of the following g e n e r i c c h e c k l i s t is recommended when submitting a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g program and computation of o p e r a b i l i t y percentage:

1. A d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system:

. Number of s i r e n s ( f o r f i x e d o r mobile s i r e n s ) ; and

. Other system components ( f o r tone a l e r t r a d i o s , route a l e r t i n g , etc.) .

2 . A d e s c r i p t i o n of the standard o p e r a t i n g procedures f o r r o u t i n e l y t e s t i n g t h e system:

. Type of t e s t i n g ( s L l e n t , growl, complete c y c l e ) ; and

. Frequency of t e s t i n g f o r each type (weekly, bi-weekly, twice monthly, monthly, q u a r t e r l y ,

annually, o t h e r ) .

3. A d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e method used f o r v e r i f y i n g activation:

. Procedures f o r v e r i f y i n g a c t i v a t i o n (by e l e c t r o n i c o r mechanical means, p a i d personnel or v o l u n t e e r s located a t each s i r e n , o t h e r ) ;

. Method of r e p o r t i n g results of v e r i f i c a t i o n (by telephone, mail-.in r e s p n s e cardr c h e c k l i s t , etc.) i and

. V e r i f i c a t i o n of whether 1 0 0 % of the s i r e n s were a c t i v a t e d andr if not, why.

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4 . A d e s c r i p t i o n and l o c a t i o n of t e s t i n g and v e r i f i c a t i o n r eco r ds .

1. D e t a i l e d records of a l l tests conducted f o r t h e immediately preceeding 12-month period.

. A c h a r t or t a b l e summary l i s t i n g t h e dates of t h e tests, type of tests, number of s i r e n s tested, number of s i r e n s v e r i f i e d , number of s i r e n s operable, and percentage of sirens operable: and

. Relevant documentation t o support the summarized data.

2 . A d e s c r i p t i o n of the method used t o c a l c u l a t e the s i r e n o p e r a b i l i t y per centage.

3. The computation of the s i r e n o p e r a b i l i t y percentage f o r the immediately preceding 12-month period.

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. .. . . - . .'\ . . ..

. .F