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{{#Wiki_filter:UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION REGION I 475 ALLENDALE ROAD KING OF PRUSSIA, PA 19406-1415 June 6, 2008 Mr. Jay N.
{{#Wiki_filter:UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION REGION I 475 ALLENDALE ROAD KING OF PRUSSIA, PA 19406-1415 June 6, 2008 Mr. Jay N. Kolinsky P.O. Box 300 Pound Ridge, NY 10576-0300
Kolinsky P.O. Box 300 Pound Ridge, NY 10576-0300  


==Dear Mr. Kolinsky:==
==Dear Mr. Kolinsky:==


Thank you for your letter of May 25, 2008, in which you requested information regarding the current NRC or Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) specifications required of nuclear power plant evacuation warning systems. I enjoyed meeting you at the public meeting we hosted on May 20th on the results of our inspection activities related to ground water contamination at the Indian Point site and appreciated the opportunity we had to discuss alert and notification systems installed at various power plants as well as your background in that area. I also want to thank you for the positive feedback you provided me after the meeting and in your follow-up letter regarding how we conducted the meeting and the quality of the information we presented. Regarding the information you requested in your letter, NRC rules are stipulated in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and 10 CFR Part 50.47 (b)(5) requires that nuclear power plant licensees establish the means to provide early notification and clear instruction to the populace within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). Further, Appendix E to 10 CFR 50 requires that each licensee demonstrate that administrative and physical means have been established for alerting and providing prompt instructions to the public within the plume exposure pathway EPZ. Appendix E further requires that the notification system have the capability to essentially complete the initial notification of the public within 15 minutes. The regulations recognize that the use of this notification capability will range from immediate notification of the public (within 15 minutes of the time that State and local officials are notified that a situation exists requiring urgent action) to the more likely events where there is substantial time available for the State and local governmental officials to make a judgment whether or not to activate the public notification system. The actual wording of these regulations can be found on the NRC's public website at: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collectionslcfr. The actual technical specifications for NRC-required public notification systems are established by FEMA. FEMA's guidance for such systems is provided in FEMA-REP-10, "Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear Power Plants." The NRC ensures that licensees remain compliant with their alert and notification system commitments to FEMA by conducting biennial inspections of the licensees' emergency preparedness programs. The sound level requirements, and the specifications for measuring those levels, are provided in Section E.6.2.1 of FEMA-REP-10. The requirements stated in FEMA-REP-10 are for outdoor sound levels; nuclear power plant alert and notification systems are only intended as an outdoor J. Kolinsky 2 notification system, and no indoor sound levels are prescribed.
Thank you for your letter of May 25, 2008, in which you requested information regarding the current NRC or Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) specifications required of nuclear power plant evacuation warning systems. I enjoyed meeting you at the public meeting we hosted on May 20thon the results of our inspection activities related to ground water contamination at the Indian Point site and appreciated the opportunity we had to discuss alert and notification systems installed at various power plants as well as your background in that area. I also want to thank you for the positive feedback you provided me after the meeting and in your follow-up letter regarding how we conducted the meeting and the quality of the information we presented.
I have enclosed a copy of FEMA-REP-10 for your information.
Regarding the information you requested in your letter, NRC rules are stipulated in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and 10 CFR Part 50.47 (b)(5) requires that nuclear power plant licensees establish the means to provide early notification and clear instruction to the populace within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). Further, Appendix E to 10 CFR 50 requires that each licensee demonstrate that administrative and physical means have been established for alerting and providing prompt instructions to the public within the plume exposure pathway EPZ. Appendix E further requires that the notification system have the capability to essentially complete the initial notification of the public within 15 minutes. The regulations recognize that the use of this notification capability will range from immediate notification of the public (within 15 minutes of the time that State and local officials are notified that a situation exists requiring urgent action) to the more likely events where there is substantial time available for the State and local governmental officials to make a judgment whether or not to activate the public notification system. The actual wording of these regulations can be found on the NRCs public website at: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collectionslcfr.
As to the specifics of the alert and notification system for Indian Point, the current system does not use tone alert radios since FEMA has determined that the population within the Indian Point EPZ is adequately covered by the fixed siren system. Thank you for your interest in nuclear power plant alert and notification systems and our regulatory activities in this area. If you have any further questions, please contact Mr. James Trapp, who has oversight responsibility for our regional emergency preparedness inspection function, at (601) 337-51 86. Sincerely, 17 Marc L. Dapas Deputy Regional Administrator Region I  
The actual technical specifications for NRC-required public notification systems are established by FEMA. FEMAs guidance for such systems is provided in FEMA-REP-10, Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear Power Plants. The NRC ensures that licensees remain compliant with their alert and notification system commitments to FEMA by conducting biennial inspections of the licensees emergency preparedness programs. The sound level requirements, and the specifications for measuring those levels, are provided in Section E.6.2.1 of FEMA-REP-10. The requirements stated in FEMA-REP-10 are for outdoor sound levels; nuclear power plant alert and notification systems are only intended as an outdoor
 
J. Kolinsky                                     2 notification system, and no indoor sound levels are prescribed. I have enclosed a copy of FEMA-REP-10 for your information.
As to the specifics of the alert and notification system for Indian Point, the current system does not use tone alert radios since FEMA has determined that the population within the Indian Point EPZ is adequately covered by the fixed siren system.
Thank you for your interest in nuclear power plant alert and notification systems and our regulatory activities in this area. If you have any further questions, please contact Mr. James Trapp, who has oversight responsibility for our regional emergency preparedness inspection function, at (601) 337-5186.
Sincerely, 1 7 Marc L. Dapas Deputy Regional Administrator Region I


==Enclosure:==
==Enclosure:==
FEMA-REP-10 Docket No: 50-247, 50-286 License No: DPR-26, DPR-64 FEMA-REP-lO/Nwmk 1985 Su#nd.r f EMA-U/S.ptambr 1983 Which May B. Uwd FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notific tion, Systems for Nuclear Power Plants FEMA- REP1 O/ November 1985 GUIDE FOR THE EVALUATION OF ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Prepared for: Federal Emergency Management Agency Washington, D.C. 20472 Under Contract No. EMW-83-C-1217 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION iXAETEB 1: NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l I Revision 1 I PLANNING STANDARD E - NOTIFICATION METHODS AND PROCEDURES Evaluation Criterion E.5 : Notification Methods Areas of Review Acceptance Criteria Evaluation Criterion E.6: Alerting Methods Areas of Review Acceptance Criteria Administrative Procedures Physical Means Fixed Sirens Mobile Siren Vehicles Tone Alert Radios Special Alerting General Acceptance Criteria for Special Use of Institutional Alerting Systems Use of Aircraft for Alerting Use of Aut omat i c Tel ephone Dialers/Swi tching Equipment Use of Modulated Power Lines Use of Police, Fire, or Rescue Vehicles and Personnel Alerting Methods CHAPTER 2 : NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 , PLANNING STANDARD F - EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS Evaluation Criterion F.1: Emergency Communications Areas of Review Acceptance Criteria CHAPTER 3 : NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 I PLANNING STANDARD N - EXERCISES AND DRILLS Evaluation Criterion N.1.a: Exercise Definition Evaluation Criterion N.1 .b: Exercise Requirements Areas of Review Acceptance Criteria Evaluation Criterion N.2.a: Communication Drills Areas of Review Acceptance Criteria i E- 1 E- 1 E- 1 E- 1 E- 3 E- 3 E- 4 E- 4 E- 5 E- 6 E-10 E-13 E-15 E-15 E-17 E-18 E-19 E-20 E-20 F- 1 F- 1 F- 2 F- 2 N- 1 N- 1 N- 1 N-1 N- 2 N- 5 N-5 N- 5
FEMA-REP-10 Docket No:     50-247, 50-286 License No:     DPR-26, DPR-64
-- N- 6 N- 6 N- 6 ""*A F. - Evaluation Criterion N.3: Scenarios and Objectives Areas of Review Acceptance Criteria Evaluation Criterion N.5: Observer and Participant Comments N- 7 N- 7 N- 7 Areas of Review Acceptance Criteria APPENDIX 1: Procedures for Preparation and Submission of a Design Report Describing Alert and A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements A Summary of the Alert and Notification Notification Systems 1- 1 APPENDIX 2: APPENDIX 3: 2- 1 Survey Methodology Survey Methodology 3- 1 Sample Size Determination 3- 4 System: Public Telephone Survey 3- 7 Requirements 4- 1 FEMA Nuclear Power Plant Alerting and Notification APPENDIX 4: A Summary of Design Report Routine Siren Testing Procedures and Operability INTRODUCTION The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , created in 1978, has overall federal responsibility for offsite radiological emergency planning and preparedness functions.
 
responsibility, which includes coordinating, evaluating, and approving state and local offsite radiological emergency planning and preparedness for commercial nuclear power plants, was officially assigned to FEMA by the President in December 1979. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) , which is responsible for onsite safety, assesses overall nuclear power plant safety, using FEMA's findings on offsite radiological emergency planning and preparedness.
FEMA-REP-lO/Nwmk 1985 FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY Su#nd.r f EMA-U/S.ptambr 1983 Which M a y B. Uwd Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notific tion, Systems for Nuclear Power Plants
determining whether new commercial nuclear power plants should be licensed and whether existing plants should continue operating.
 
However, new plants can be licensed to begin operating, and existing plants can continue to operate without formal FEMA approval and certification to the NRC on the adequacy of offsite radiological emergency planning and preparedness in accordance with FEMA's rule, Title 44 of the This The NRC is responsible for de of Federal Rem, Part 350 (44 CFR 350) . FEMA and the NRC jointly developed federal criteria, published in November 1980, for assessing both onsite and offsite nuclear power plant 'radiological emergency planning and preparedness in a document 'titled Criteria for Prmon Evalm e -andr- rt of Nuclear Power Plants, NUREG-O654/FEMA-REPlI Revision l.* These criteria include 16 planning standards
FEMA- REP1O/ November 1985 GUIDE FOR THE EVALUATION OF ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Prepared for:
-- 15 related to both onsite and offsite planning and preparedness issues and one related only to onsite safety issues. These 16 .. *U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Federal Emergency Management Agency, "Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants, November 1980 i standards are mandated in NRC and FEMA regulations for use in onsite and offsite nuclear power plant radiological emergency planning and preparedness.
Federal Emergency Management Agency Washington, D.C. 20472 Under Contract No. EMW-83-C-1217
FEMA's rule, 44 CFR 350, "Review and Approval of State and Local Radiological Emergency Plans and Preparedness" (September 28, 1983) , is the regulation establishing policy and procedures for FEMA review and approval of state and local offsite radiological emergency plans and preparedness.
 
This rule also references the 16 planning standards originally delineated in NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1. Of these 16 planning standards, three apply directly to the review and evaluation of alert and notification systems: E, Notification Methods and Procedures; F, Emergency Communications; and N, Exercises and Drills. In addition, NUREZ-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 , Appendix 3, applies directly to alert and notification systems. This guide only elaborates on the three NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-lr Revision I, alert and notification system-related planning standards, seven of their 15 evaluation criteria, and requirements in NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision I, Appendix 3.
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION                                                                               i iXAETEB 1: NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l                           Revision 1 PLANNING STANDARD E PROCEDURES
In September 1983, FEMA implemented interim guidelines for assessing the adequacy of a nuclear power plant's alert and notification system in a document titled Standard Guidefor the -, FEMA-43. Prior to the issuance of FEMA-43, FEMA approvals of offsite radiological emergency plans and preparedness included a caveat statement that the alert and notification systems would be evaluated at a later date. This document supersedes FEMA-43 and addresses the basis for a federal evaluation of the alert and notification aspects of a state and local offsite radiological emergency plan. of ut ad No]- The following table indicates the chapters in this guide that addr-ess &e NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 , and Appendix 3 , planning standards, evaluation criteria, and requirements that apply to alert and notification systems.
                                        - NOTIFICATION I METHODS AND I
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 1. RevifiFsrnl E F N 5, 6 1 1, 2, 3, 5 Each planning standard comprises a separate chapter. To further facilitate cross referencing of this guide, the page numbers of the chapters are prefixed by the NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l, Revision 1, planning standard letter (i.e. , E, F, and N) . Each planning standard and its associated criteria are quoted within each chapter. provided as follows: Additional guidance and an explanation are 1. - This section briefly describes the scope of the review and defines aspects of the emergency response plan that should be addressed under the evaluation criterion.
E-  1 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 : N o t i f i c a t i o n Methods                E- 1 Areas of Review                                                             E- 1 Acceptance C r i t e r i a                                                  E- 1 E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n E.6:     A l e r t i n g Methods           E- 3 Areas of Review                                                             E- 3 Acceptance C r i t e r i a                                                  E-  4 Administrative Procedures                                             E-    4 P h y s i c a l Means                                                 E- 5 Fixed S i r e n s                                              E- 6 Mobile S i r e n V e h i c l e s                              E-10 Tone A l e r t Radios                                         E-13 Special Alerting                                               E-15 General Acceptance C r i t e r i a f o r S p e c i a l A l e r t i n g Methods                                E-15 U s e of I n s t i t u t i o n a l A l e r t i n g Systems E-17 Use of Aircraft for A l e r t i n g                        E-18 Use of A u t omat i c T e l ephone Dialers/Swi t c h i n g Equipment                      E-19 U s e of Modulated Power Lines                            E-20 U s e of Police, F i r e , or Rescue V e h i c l e s and Personnel                          E-20 CHAPTER 2 : NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l                     ,                     ,
The applicability to licensee, . state, and local plans is as specified in ??UREG-0654/
Revision 1 PLANNING STANDARD F          -  EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS                  F- 1 E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n F.1:     Emergency Communications          F- 1 Areas of Review                                                             F- 2 Acceptance C r i t e r i a                                                  F- 2 CHAPTER 3 : NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l                      , Revision          1I PLANNING STANDARD N          -   EXERCISES AND DRILLS                      N-   1 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.1.a:                Exercise D e f i n i t i o n N-   1 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.1 .b:                Exercise Requirements        N-   1 Areas of Review                                                            N- 1 Acceptance C r i t e r i a                                                  N-   2 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.2.a:                Communication D r i l l s    N-   5 Areas of Review                                                              N-5 Acceptance C r i t e r i a                                                  N-   5
FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1, and only those portions of the evaluation criterion applicable to the state and local offsite radiological emergency plans will be reviewed under this guide. 2. Acce-e Criterb. The objective of this section is to define as precisely as possible what will be accepted by the reviewer as adequate.
 
technical parameters to be satisfied are included, along with a rationale for their use. Whenever possible, ac- ceptance criteria are specified in quantitative terms. Special attention is placed on identifying the infor- mation that should be provided to support the review. Specific conditions and The technical and administrative review- using this guidance will result in the following acceptability determination:
--
iii 
A
. Acceptable - meets or exceeds standards; or Unacceptable or marginally acceptable - corrective actions recommended.
*
An element is deficient when FEMA determines that the function or activity is not addressed in a satisfactory manner. function or activity is not satisfactory when the function or activity does not support a finding that the system is adequate to provide prompt alert and notification of the public in the event of a radiological emergency.
"
A FEMA's ten regional offices prepare both interim and final findings on various aspects of offsite radiological emergency planning and preparedness, in this effort by Regional Assistance Committees comprised of representatives from other federal agencies with expertise in emergency planning and preparedness.
F. - Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.3:       S c e n a r i o s and Objectives         N- 6 Areas of Review                                                         N- 6 Acceptance C r i t e r i a                                              N- 6 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.5:       Observer and P a r t i c i p a n t Comments                             N- 7 Areas of R e v i e w                                                    N- 7 Acceptance C r i t e r i a                                              N- 7 APPENDIX 1:     Procedures f o r P r e p a r a t i o n and Submission of a Design Report Describing A l e r t a n d N o t i f i c a t i o n Systems                                  1- 1 APPENDIX 2:    A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements                     2- 1 APPENDIX 3:     A Summary          of the A l e r t and N o t i f i c a t i o n Survey Methodology Survey Methodology                                             3- 1 Sample S i z e Determination                                   3- 4 FEMA Nuclear Power P l a n t A l e r t i n g and N o t i f i c a t i o n System: P u b l i c Telephone Survey                       3- 7 APPENDIX 4:     A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and Operability Requirements                                                    4- 1
committed through federal regulations to assist FEMA in reviewing offsite plans. FEMA headquarters and the Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee, which is the headquarters counterpart to the Regional Assistance Committees, review final evaluations of offsite radiological emergency planning and preparedness prepared by the FEMA regional off ices, The Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee includes the following member-agencies:
 
Environmental Protection Agency; and the Departments of Agriculture, Health and Human Services, Commerce, Energy, Interior, Transportation, and Defense.
INTRODUCTION The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , created i n 1978, has o v e r a l l federal r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n n i n g and preparedness f u n c t i o n s . This r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , which i n c l u d e s c o o r d i n a t i n g , e v a l u a t i n g , and approving s t a t e and l o c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and p r e p a r e d n e s s f o r commercial n u c l e a r power p l a n t s ,
FEMA chairs both the Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee and the Regional Assistance Committees.
was o f f i c i a l l y a s s i g n e d t o FEMA by t h e P r e s i d e n t i n December 1979. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) , which i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r o n s i t e s a f e t y , assesses o v e r a l l n u c l e a r power p l a n t s a f e t y , u s i n g FEMA's f i n d i n g s on o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness. The NRC is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r determining whether new commercial n u c l e a r power p l a n t s should be l i c e n s e d and whether e x i s t i n g p l a n t s should c o n t i n u e operating. However, new p l a n t s can be l i c e n s e d t o begin o p e r a t i n g , and e x i s t i n g p l a n t s can continue t o o p e r a t e without formal FEMA approval and c e r t i f i c a t i o n t o t h e NRC on t h e adequacy of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness i n accordance with FEMA's rule, T i t l e 4 4 of t h e de of F e d e r a l R        e    m      , Part 350 ( 4 4 CFR 350)              .
These committees provide FEMA and state and local governments technical offsite radiological emergency planning and preparedness expertise.
FEMA and t h e NRC j o i n t l y developed federal c r i t e r i a , published i n November 1980, f o r a s s e s s i n g both o n s i t e and o f f s i t e n u c l e a r power p l a n t 'radiological emergency planning and preparedness i n a document ' t i t l e d C r i t e r i a for P r m o n                          E v a l m e -andr-r t o f Nuclear Power Plants, NUREG-O654/FEMA-REPlI                                      Revision l.* These c r i t e r i a i n c l u d e 16 planning s t a n d a r d s                  --    15 r e l a t e d t o both o n s i t e and o f f s i t e planning and preparedness issues and one r e l a t e d o n l y t o o n s i t e s a f e t y issues. These 16
FEMA regional offices are assisted These agencies are the NRC; the iv This guide has been developed to elaborate upon FEW'S rule 44 CFR 350 and NRC's NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 I to provide guidance for meeting planning standards E, F, and N and for reviewing and approving alert and notification systems to the: . Regional Assistance Committees as they assist state and local government officials in the development of radiological emergency response plans (44 CFR 350.5) ; ; States in the preparation of an emergency plan and subsequent application for formal review and FEMA approval (44 CFR 350.7) ; . FEMA Regional Directors in the evaluation of a state plan (44 CFR 350.11); . FEMA Associate Director in making a determination of adequacy regarding a state plan (44 CFR 350.12) ; . NRC in the review of FEMA's findings and determination on the adequacy of state plans; and . NRC licensees in their design and documentation of alert and notification systems. Although efforts have been made to ensure completeness, this document may not cover certain alert and notification situa- tions. Each of these cases will be handled on an individual basis. This guide is supplemented by four appendices describing procedures for preparation and submission of an alert and notification system design report, design -report map requirements, the alert and notification public survey methodology, and routine siren testing procedures and operability requirements.
                                        ..
These appendices are: . Appendix 1: "Procedures for Preparation and Submission of a Design Report Describing Alert and Notification Syst emsn ; . Appendix 2: "A Summary of Design Report Map Require- ments"; V 
*U. S. N u c l e a r Regulatory Commission and Federal Emergency Management Agency, "Criteria f o r P r e p a r a t i o n and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power P l a n t s , N o v e m b e r 1980 i
. Appendix 3: "A Summary of the Alert and Notification . Appendix 4: "A Summary of Design Report Routine Siren Survey Methodology";
 
and Testing Procedures and Operability Requirements. " These appendices have been included in this guide to aid licensees and state and local governments in the preparation of an alert and notification system design report. Vi I CHAPTER 1 NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 I PLANNING STANDARD E - NOTIFICATION ME!FHODS AND PROCEDURES
s t a n d a r d s are mandated i n NRC and FEMA r e g u l a t i o n s f o r use i n o n s i t e and o f f s i t e n u c l e a r power p l a n t r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness.
'Procedures have been established for notification, by the licensee of State and local response organizations and for notification of emergency personnel by all response organ- izations; the content of initial and followup messages to response organizations and the public has been established; and means to provide early notification and clear instruc- tion to the populace within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone have been established.
FEMA's r u l e , 44 CFR 350, " R e v i e w and Approval of State and Local Radiological Emergency P l a n s and Preparedness" (September 2 8 ,
I) Ev-tion Criterion E.5 in Pl-na Standard E r_eauires that : "State and local government organizations shall establish a system for disseminating to the public appropriate infor- mation contained in initial and followup messages received from the licensee including the appropriate notification to appropriate broadcast media, e. g. I the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) . ' E.5.1 Ateas of RPviehl Evaluation Criterion E.5 addresses the system(s1 used to dis- seminate information to the public during a nuclear power plant emergency.
1983) , is t h e r e g u l a t i o n e s t a b l i s h i n g p o l i c y and procedures f o r FEMA review and approval of s t a t e and l o c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n s and preparedness. This r u l e a l s o references t h e 16 p l a n n i n g s t a n d a r d s o r i g i n a l l y d e l i n e a t e d i n NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1. O f t h e s e 16 planning s t a n d a r d s , t h r e e apply d i r e c t l y t o t h e review and e v a l u a t i o n of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems: E, N o t i f i c a t i o n Methods and Procedures; F, Emergency Communications; and N, E x e r c i s e s and D r i l l s .                     I n addition, NUREZ-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, Appendix 3, applies d i r e c t l y t o a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems. T h i s guide only elaborates on t h e t h r e e NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-lr Revision I, a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system-related planning s t a n d a r d s , seven of t h e i r 15 e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i a , and requirements i n NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision I, Appendix 3.
The review under Evaluation Criterion E.5 ensures that responsible state and local government organizations have adequate administrative procedures to communicate appropriate information to the public and that the physical capabilities exist to disseminate this emergency information.
I n September 1983, FEMA implemented i n t e r i m g u i d e l i n e s for a s s e s s i n g t h e adequacy of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system i n a document t i t l e d Standard G u i d e f o r the
The public will generally be informed by some form of broadcast media. All appropriate media are encouraged to participate.
                  - of u ]    t oa d N
E.5.2 -e Criteria An acceptable emergency plan under Evaluation Criterion E.5 should describe a system of disseminating information to the public that meets the following criteria:
-,              FEMA-43.       Prior t o t h e i s s u a n c e of FEMA-43, FEMA approvals of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n s and preparedness i n c l u d e d a c a v e a t s t a t e m e n t t h a t the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems would be e v a l u a t e d a t a l a t e r date. This document s u p e r s e d e s FEMA-43 and a d d r e s s e s t h e b a s i s f o r a federal e v a l u a t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n aspects of a state and local o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency plan.
The f o l l o w i n g t a b l e i n d i c a t e s t h e chapters i n t h i s g u i d e t h a t addr-ess &e NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, and Appendix 3 ,
planning s t a n d a r d s , e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i a , and requirements t h a t apply to a l e r t and notification systems.
: 1. RevifiFsrnl Chapter 1                                E                                        5, 6 Chapter 2                                F                                        1 Chapter 3                                N                                        1, 2 , 3 , 5 Each planning s t a n d a r d comprises a separate chapter. To f u r t h e r f a c i l i t a t e cross r e f e r e n c i n g of t h i s guide, t h e page numbers of t h e c h a p t e r s are p r e f i x e d by the NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l,                          Revision 1, planning s t a n d a r d l e t t e r (i.e. , E, F, and N)                        .
              -
Each planning s t a n d a r d and i t s associated c r i t e r i a are quoted w i t h i n each chapter. Additional guidance and a n e x p l a n a t i o n a r e provided as follows:
: 1.                                     This s e c t i o n b r i e f l y describes t h e scope of t h e review and d e f i n e s aspects of t h e emergency response p l a n t h a t should be addressed under the e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i o n . The a p p l i c a b i l i t y t o l i c e n s e e ,
      .      state, and l o c a l p l a n s is as specified i n ??UREG-0654/
FEMA-REP-1,           Revision 1, and o n l y t h o s e p o r t i o n s of the e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i o n a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e s t a t e and l o c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n s w i l l be reviewed under t h i s guide.
2 . Acce-e              C r i t e r b . The o b j e c t i v e of this s e c t i o n is t o d e f i n e as p r e c i s e l y a s p o s s i b l e what w i l l be a c c e p t e d by t h e reviewer as adequate. Specific c o n d i t i o n s and t e c h n i c a l parameters t o be s a t i s f i e d are included, along w i t h a r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r use. Whenever possible, ac-ceptance c r i t e r i a are specified i n q u a n t i t a t i v e terms.
S p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n is placed on i d e n t i f y i n g t h e infor-mation t h a t should be provided t o s u p p o r t t h e review.
The t e c h n i c a l and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e review- using t h i s g u i d a n c e w i l l result i n t h e f o l l o w i n g a c c e p t a b i l i t y determination:
iii
 
          . Acceptable        -    meets o r exceeds s t a n d a r d s ; or Unacceptable o r marginally acceptable                      -  corrective a c t i o n s recommended.
An    element i s d e f i c i e n t when FEMA determines t h a t t h e f u n c t i o n or a c t i v i t y i s n o t addressed i n a s a t i s f a c t o r y manner. A f u n c t i o n o r a c t i v i t y is n o t s a t i s f a c t o r y when t h e f u n c t i o n or a c t i v i t y does n o t support a f i n d i n g t h a t the system is adequate t o provide prompt a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n of t h e p u b l i c i n t h e event of a r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency.
FEMA's t e n r e g i o n a l offices p r e p a r e both i n t e r i m and f i n a l f i n d i n g s on v a r i o u s aspects of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness, FEMA r e g i o n a l offices are a s s i s t e d i n t h i s e f f o r t by Regional Assistance Committees comprised of r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s from o t h e r federal a g e n c i e s w i t h expertise i n emergency planning and preparedness. These a g e n c i e s a r e committed through f e d e r a l r e g u l a t i o n s t o assist FEMA i n reviewing o f f s i t e p l a n s . FEMA h e a d q u a r t e r s and t h e Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee, which is t h e h e a d q u a r t e r s c o u n t e r p a r t t o t h e Regional A s s i s t a n c e Committees, review f i n a l e v a l u a t i o n s of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and p r e p a r e d n e s s prepared by t h e FEMA r e g i o n a l off ices, The Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee i n c l u d e s t h e f o l l o w i n g member-agencies:                  t h e NRC; t h e Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agency; and t h e Departments of A g r i c u l t u r e , Health and Human S e r v i c e s , Commerce, Energy, I n t e r i o r , T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , and Defense. FEMA c h a i r s both t h e Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee and t h e Regional A s s i s t a n c e Committees. These committees provide FEMA and s t a t e and l o c a l governments t e c h n i c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n n i n g and preparedness expertise.
iv
 
This guide h a s been developed t o elaborate upon F E W ' S r u l e 4 4 CFR 350 and N R C ' s NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 I t o provide guidance f o r meeting p l a n n i n g s t a n d a r d s E, F, and N and f o r reviewing and approving a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems t o the:
          . Regional Assistance Committees a s t h e y a s s i s t s t a t e and local government o f f i c i a l s i n t h e development of r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency response p l a n s ( 4 4 CFR 350.5) ;
          ; States i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of an emergency p l a n a n d subsequent a p p l i c a t i o n f o r formal review and FEMA approval ( 4 4 CFR 350.7) ;
          . FEMA Regional D i r e c t o r s i n t h e e v a l u a t i o n of a s t a t e p l a n ( 4 4 CFR 350.11);
          . FEMA Associate D i r e c t o r i n making a d e t e r m i n a t i o n of adequacy r e g a r d i n g a s t a t e p l a n ( 4 4 CFR 350.12) ;
          . NRC i n t h e review of FEMA's f i n d i n g s and d e t e r m i n a t i o n on t h e adequacy of s t a t e plans; and
          . NRC l i c e n s e e s i n t h e i r design and documentation of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems.
Although e f f o r t s have been made t o e n s u r e completeness, t h i s document may n o t cover c e r t a i n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n s i t u a -
t i o n s . Each of these cases w i l l be handled on a n i n d i v i d u a l basis.
This guide i s supplemented by f o u r appendices d e s c r i b i n g procedures f o r p r e p a r a t i o n and submission of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system design report, design - r e p o r t map requirements, t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n p u b l i c s u r v e y methodology, and r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g procedures and o p e r a b i l i t y requirements.          These appendices are:
          . Appendix 1: "Procedures for P r e p a r a t i o n and Submission of a Design Report Describing Alert and N o t i f i c a t i o n S y s t emsn;
          . Appendix 2:
ments";
                                        "A Summary of Design Report Map R e q u i r e -
V
 
          . Appendix 3: "A Summary of t h e Alert and N o t i f i c a t i o n Survey Methodology"; and
          . Appendix 4: "A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and O p e r a b i l i t y Requirements. "
These appendices have been included i n t h i s g u i d e t o a i d l i c e n s e e s and s t a t e and l o c a l governments i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system design report.
I V i
 
CHAPTER 1 NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l                  , Revision 1 I PLANNING STANDARD E                      -
NOTIFICATION ME!FHODS AND PROCEDURES
          'Procedures have been e s t a b l i s h e d f o r n o t i f i c a t i o n , by t h e l i c e n s e e of State and l o c a l response o r g a n i z a t i o n s and f o r n o t i f i c a t i o n of emergency personnel by a l l response organ-i z a t i o n s ; t h e c o n t e n t of i n i t i a l and followup messages t o response o r g a n i z a t i o n s and t h e p u b l i c h a s been e s t a b l i s h e d ;
and means t o provide e a r l y n o t i f i c a t i o n and clear i n s t r u c -
t i o n t o t h e populace w i t h i n t h e plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone have been e s t a b l i s h e d .                  I)
Ev-tion              C r i t e r i o n E.5 i n Pl-na          S t a n d a r d E r_eauires        that:
          "State and l o c a l government o r g a n i z a t i o n s s h a l l e s t a b l i s h a system f o r d i s s e m i n a t i n g t o t h e p u b l i c a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r -
mation c o n t a i n e d i n i n i t i a l and followup messages received from t h e l i c e n s e e i n c l u d i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e n o t i f i c a t i o n t o a p p r o p r i a t e broadcast media, e. g. I t h e Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) '          .
E.5.1        Ateas of RPviehl Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 addresses t h e system(s1 used t o d i s -
seminate i n f o r m a t i o n t o the p u b l i c during a nuclear power p l a n t emergency. The review under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 e n s u r e s t h a t r e s p o n s i b l e s t a t e and l o c a l government o r g a n i z a t i o n s have adequate a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures t o communicate a p p r o p r i a t e information t o t h e p u b l i c and t h a t t h e physical c a p a b i l i t i e s e x i s t t o disseminate t h i s emergency information.
The p u b l i c w i l l g e n e r a l l y be informed by some form of b r o a d c a s t media. A l l a p p r o p r i a t e media are encouraged t o participate.
E.5.2        -e                    Criteria An acceptable              emergency p l a n under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 should describe a system of disseminating i n f o r m a t i o n t o t h e p u b l i c t h a t meets t h e f o l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a :
E-1
E-1
: 1. Lists the broadcast stations and broadcasting systems that are to be selected so as to ensure that: i 2. . Transmission signal (s) are of adequate strength within the coverage area under review; and . Capability exists to broadcast official information [[estimated NRC review hours::24 hours]] a day, 7 days a week. If a selected station does not have a backup power supply, then an alternate station should be identified and included in the emergency plan. Depicts procedures and individual responsibilities for each organization and commitments between agreeing parties to honor these responsibilities in case of an offsite radiological emergency.
: 1. L i s t s t h e broadcast s t a t i o n s and b r o a d c a s t i n g systems t h a t a r e t o be selected so as t o e n s u r e t h a t :
These procedures should address activation authorization and designate
    . Transmission s i g n a l (s) a r e of adequate s t r e n g t h w i t h i n t h e coverage a r e a under review; and
    . C a p a b i l i t y exists t o broadcast o f f i c i a l information 2 [[estimated NRC review hours::4 hours]] a day, 7 days a week.                        If a selected s t a t i o n does n o t have a backup power supply, t h e n a n a l t e r n a t e s t a t i o n should be i d e n t i f i e d and included i n t h e emergency plan.
2 . Depicts procedures and i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r each o r g a n i z a t i o n and commitments between a g r e e i n g p a r t i e s t o honor these r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s i n case of an o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency. These procedures should address a c t i v
APPENDIX 2 A  
APPENDIX 2 A  


==SUMMARY==
==SUMMARY==
OF DESIGN REPORT MAP REQUIREMENTS APPENDIX 2 A  
OF DESIGN REPORT MAP REQUIREMENTS
 
APPENDIX 2 A  


==SUMMARY==
==SUMMARY==
OF DESIGN REPORT MAP REQUIREMENTS The design report must include map(s) as required by this guide. When necessary, the map(s) provided should: . Depict the EPZ boundary ; . Depict, when more than one alerting mechanism is utilized, the geographical areas covered by each mechanism; and . Depict unpopulated geographical areas that are not covered by an alerting mechanism.
OF D E S I G N REPORT MAP REQUIREMENTS The design r e p o r t m u s t i n c l u d e map(s) a s required by t h i s guide. When n e c e s s a r y , t h e map(s) provided should:
Unnecessary and duplicative information is not desired.
          . Depict t h e EPZ boundary ;
For example, if only tone alert radios are utilized for alerting the public and the EPZ is defined by a 10-mile radius around the plant, no map would be required.
          . Depict, when more t h a n one a l e r t i n g mechanism is u t i l i z e d , t h e geographical areas covered by each mechanism; and
Supplementary information, such as that needed to support route alerting, should be provided in text form in the design report. This information should: . Depict, for those geographical areas where fixed sirens are utilized, areas where the population density exceeds 2,000 persons per square mile and areas virtually unpopu- lated; are utilized, siren locations and unique siren identifiers such that the siren locations and identifiers can be accurately transferred to U. S. Geological Survey topographic maps for analysis; and . Depict, for those geographical areas where fixed sirens are utilized, sound pressure level contours of 60 dBC and 70 dBC (note that 70 dBC contours need only be shown when covering population densities greater than 2,000 persons per square mile). report shows the siren sound pressure level exceeding an average measured outdoor daytime ambient sound level (8) by 10 dB, depict appropriate siren sound pressure level contours for the sound pressure levels that are 10 dB above the average outdoor daytime ambient sound pressure level (5) . . Depict, for those geographical areas where fixed sirens In cases where the design 2-1 APPENDIX 3 A  
          . Depict unpopulated geographical areas t h a t a r e n o t covered by an a l e r t i n g mechanism.
Unnecessary and d u p l i c a t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n is n o t d e s i r e d . For example, i f only tone a l e r t radios are u t i l i z e d f o r a l e r t i n g t h e p u b l i c and t h e EPZ is defined by a 1 0 - m i l e radius around t h e p l a n t , no map would be required. Supplementary information, such as t h a t needed t o support r o u t e a l e r t i n g , should be provided i n t e x t form i n t h e design r e p o r t . This i n f o r m a t i o n should:
          . Depict, f o r t h o s e geographical areas where f i x e d s i r e n s are u t i l i z e d , areas where t h e p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y exceeds 2,000 p e r s o n s per s q u a r e mile and a r e a s v i r t u a l l y unpopu-lated;
          . Depict, for t h o s e geographical areas where f i x e d s i r e n s are u t i l i z e d , s i r e n l o c a t i o n s and unique s i r e n i d e n t i f i e r s such t h a t t h e s i r e n l o c a t i o n s and i d e n t i f i e r s can be a c c u r a t e l y t r a n s f e r r e d t o U. S.
Geological Survey topographic maps f o r a n a l y s i s ; and
          . Depict, f o r t h o s e geographical areas where f i x e d s i r e n s are u t i l i z e d , sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l c o n t o u r s of 6 0 dBC and 7 0 dBC ( n o t e t h a t 70 dBC c o n t o u r s need o n l y be shown when c o v e r i n g p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t i e s g r e a t e r t h a n 2,000 p e r s o n s per square mile). I n cases where t h e design report shows t h e s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l exceeding a n a v e r a g e measured outdoor daytime ambient sound level ( 8 )
by 1 0 dB, d e p i c t a p p r o p r i a t e s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e level c o n t o u r s f o r t h e sound p r e s s u r e levels t h a t are 1 0 d B
                            .
above t h e average outdoor daytime ambient sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l (5) 2-1
 
APPENDIX 3 A  


==SUMMARY==
==SUMMARY==
OF THE ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SURVEY METHODOLOGY Survey Methodology Sample Size Determination FEMA Nuclear Power Plant Alerting and Notification System: Pub1 ic Telephone Survey 3- 1 3- 4 3- 7 APPENDIX 3 A  
OF THE ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SURVEY METHODOLOGY Survey Methodology                                         3- 1 Sample S i z e Determination                               3- 4 FEMA Nuclear Power Plant Alerting and N o t i f i c a t i o n System:
Pub1 ic Telephone Survey                                 3- 7
 
APPENDIX 3 A  


==SUMMARY==
==SUMMARY==
OF THE ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SURVEY METHODOLOGY Immediately following activation of a nuclear power plant's alert and notification system as a part of a demonstration that the system meets the requirements of 44 CFR 350.9(a) , FEMA will conduct a telephone survey of a sample of residents within that nuclear power plant's emergency planning zone (EPZ) . The purpose of this survey is to estimate the proportion of households within the EPZ alerted by a nuclear power plant's alert and notification system. approved by the Office of Management and Budget is included in this appendix.
OF THE             ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SURVEY METHODOLOGY Immediately f o l l o w i n g a c t i v a t i o n of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system as a part of a demonstration t h a t t h e system meets t h e requirements of 4 4 CFR 350.9(a) , FEMA w i l l conduct a t e l e p h o n e survey of a sample of r e s i d e n t s w i t h i n t h a t n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s emergency planning zone (EPZ)                        . The purpose of this survey i s t o estimate t h e p r o p o r t i o n of households w i t h i n t h e EPZ alerted by a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system. The g e n e r i c survey q u e s t i o n n a i r e approved by the Office of Management and Budget i s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s appendix.
The generic survey questionnaire The universe for a nuclear power plant's alert and notification survey consists of all residential I non-institutional households within the EPZ. while this area is generally a 10-mile-radius circle, with the nuclear plant as the center point, it may sometimes include areas extending beyond 10 miles. longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates of the nuclear power plant, along with a complete description of the size and shape of the EPZ, are used to identify the universe of households within the EPZ. The When drawing a sample for the telephone survey, the first task is to obtain a complete set of detailed street maps covering the survey area. planning commissions or local governmental agencies.
The u n i v e r s e f o r a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t a n d n o t i f i c a t i o n survey c o n s i s t s of all r e s i d e n t i a l I n o n - i n s t i t u t i o n a l households w i t h i n t h e EPZ. w h i l e this area is g e n e r a l l y a 1 0 - m i l e - r a d i u s circle, with t h e n u c l e a r p l a n t as t h e c e n t e r p o i n t , it may sometimes i n c l u d e areas extending beyond 1 0 miles. The l o n g i t u d i n a l and l a t i t u d i n a l c o o r d i n a t e s of t h e n u c l e a r power p l a n t , along w i t h a complete d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e s i z e and shape of t h e EPZ, are used t o i d e n t i f y t h e u n i v e r s e of households w i t h i n t h e EPZ.
Next, a list of names and addresses (commonly referred to as the sample) is obtained for residents of households within the EPZ. Given the longitude and latitude of the plant, along with details of These maps are usually obtained from county L .+' A, 3 -1 the size and shape of the EPZ, computerized mapping techniques are used to obtain this information from a data base for households within the EPZ. Depending on the characteristics of the area, households are selected via census tracts, block groups, enumeration districts, zip codes, or other geographic delimiters.
When drawing a sample f o r t h e telephone survey, t h e f i r s t t a s k i s t o o b t a i n a complete s e t of detailed s t r e e t maps covering t h e survey area. These maps are u s u a l l y o b t a i n e d from county planning commissions o r l o c a l governmental agencies. Next, a l i s t of names and a d d r e s s e s (commonly r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e sample) is o b t a i n e d f o r r e s i d e n t s of households w i t h i n t h e EPZ. Given t h e l o n g i t u d e and l a t i t u d e of t h e p l a n t , along w i t h d e t a i l s of L .+'
A base list of households, geographically ordered, is compiled, comprising all available addresses and telephone numbers identified within the EPZ. households is selected in a systematic (nth name) fashion, ensuring that the sample proportionately represents the entire EPZ (i.e., EPZ areas are represented in proportion to the number of households contained therein) . From this base list, a sample of Although the techniques used to collect the universal sample are highly accurate, sometimes households on the list are located just outside the EPZ. Households determined by this check to be outside the EPZ are removed from the sample. The first step in preparing the sample for interviewing is to check each address on the aforementioned street maps to verify that it is, in fact, located within the EPZ. For households located within the EPZ, hard copy sample labels are printed and affixed to sample call report: forms. These sample pieces are then systematically (nth name) divided into mini-samples.
A, 3 -1
Each of these mini-samples (commonly ref erred to as replicate groups) is proportionate and representative of the entire (universal) sample. After the mini-samples have been selected, they are shuffled into random order to ensure that the specific calling sequence does not introduce any bias into the results. Immediately following the alert and notification system activation, these sample pieces are released to inter- viewers in replicate groups, ,and the interviewers begin telephoning households within the EPZ. Since the exact number 3 -2 
 
.. , - of sample pieces needed to complete interviewing cannot be precisely determined in advance, the release of the sample in randomly shuffled replicate groups ensures that the final set Of completed interviews is representative of the entire surveyed EPZ . As interviewing progresses, interviewers key all responses into computer terminals, and running totals are kept on completed interviews for those households that were alerted and those households that were not alerted, The target number of completed interviews varies from survey to survey, depending on the alertewnot alerted ratio. number is established to ensure that a sufficient number of interviews are conducted to provide survey results with 5% This target precision at a 95% confidence level. The computer program monitors the alerted/not alerted ratio and performs a sample size calculation after each recorded interview. The number of interviews required is continuously updated and displayed to supervisory staff, allowing the sample to be released properly and the interviewing process to be terminated when the required number of interviews have been completed. . The interviews are usually completed within one hour of the alert and notification system activation, After the telephone survey has been terminated, all completed interviews are once again checked against maps to see if the surveyed households are located within the EPZ. During interviewing, respondents are asked to provide their address and the closest cross street or intersection to their house. Since respondents sometimes provide new addresses or a more exact location, these addresses are -checked against' street maps a second time. who has moved or whose address has changed from the one obtained With the original sample. Before final tabulations are run, any households detected to be outside of the EPZ are removed from the universe of surveyed households.
the s i z e and shape of t h e EPZ, computerized mapping t e c h n i q u e s are used t o o b t a i n t h i s information from a data base f o r households w i t h i n t h e EPZ.
3-3 ' In 'additi'on, -this se-cond check identifies anyone SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION The number of households that need to be surveyed is determined based upon the need to obtain a sample size sufficient to obtain a 95% confidence interval with precision (half-width) of 0.05 for the estimate of the proportion alerted. The exact number of households to be surveyed can be derived from the following statistical considerations.
Depending on t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e a r e a , households are selected v i a census t r a c t s , block groups, enumeration d i s t r i c t s ,
For relatively large sample sizes (n 2 30) , taken without replacement from a population (N) , the sapling distribution for proportions (e.g.# the proportion of the population alerted) is neatly a normal distribution, the mean of which is the proportion (p) of the population alerted and the variance of which is If P is the observed sample proportion, then for a particular confidence level with confidence coefficient Zcr Thus, for this confidence level, the actual proportion of the population alerted satisfies the following inequalities:
z i p codes, or other geographic delimiters.
3-4 . i Thus, the precision (W) is simply given by .- This equation can be solved to determine the sample size (n) required to yield a given precishn (W) with a given observed sample proportion (P) as follows: Although this expression for n can be used directly, it is customary to make several approximations, First, since the term in N in the denominator (the finite population term) is positive definite for all reasonable values of W (0 < W < 0.5)? omitting this term will result in an approximation to n that is slightly larger than its true value. sizing the sample since a larger sample gives greater precision.
A   base l i s t of households, g e o g r a p h i c a l l y ordered, is compiled, comprising a l l a v a i l a b l e addresses and telephone numbers i d e n t i f i e d w i t h i n t h e EPZ. From t h i s base l i s t , a sample of households i s s e l e c t e d i n a s y s t e m a t i c ( n t h name) f a s h i o n ,
This is an acceptable practice in 3-5 A second approximation that can be made is to neglect the terms in W2 within the bracket in the numerator.
ensuring t h a t t h e sample p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y r e p r e s e n t s t h e e n t i r e EPZ ( i . e . , EPZ areas a r e r e p r e s e n t e d i n p r o p o r t i o n t o t h e number of households c o n t a i n e d t h e r e i n )   .
that this underestimates n when P < 1/2 - 1/4 4- or P > 1/2 + 1/4 {x and overestimates n for P between those two values. For the case of interest (a 95% confidence interval with precision of 0.05), this approximation provides an overestimation of n when a sample size greater than 191 is required.
Although t h e t e c h n i q u e s used t o c o l l e c t t h e u n i v e r s a l sample a r e highly accurate, sometimes households on t h e l i s t a r e l o c a t e d j u s t o u t s i d e t h e EPZ. Households determined by t h i s c h e c k t o be o u t s i d e the EPZ are removed from t h e sample. The f i r s t step i n preparing t h e sample f o r i n t e r v i e w i n g is t o check each address on the aforementioned s t r e e t maps t o v e r i f y t h a t it is, i n f a c t ,
size of 250, regardless of the value of P, this approximation is acceptable because it also yields an estimate of n larger than the true value. Therefore, for the purposes of the pilot test and subsequent surveys, the following approximate equation can be used to determine whether a sample size larger than 250 is required : Analysis demonstrates Since the sampling plan calls for a minimum sample 2 zc w2 3 31 - P(1 - a1 or using 1.96 for Zc and 0.05 for W, a = 1536.64 P(1 - P) Data from the pilot test can be used to illustrate the effects of these approximations.
l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e EPZ.
In the pilot test, the population of tone alert households from which the sample was to be drawn (N) was approximately 4500 and the observed proportion alerted (PI was 0.675, Neglecting the finite population term yields an estimate of 334 for nr and the simplified final approximation estimates n as 338. Thus, the final simplified approximation overestimates the required sample size by 27 in this case. This yields 311 as the exact result for n. 3 -6 116834 ;hilton Research Services I CDNTINUE SUP TO Q. 4A CONTINUE ASK IF ANY OTHER i%lUSEHOLD MEMBER IS MORE XNOWLEZEAELE (adnor, Pennsylvania OMB 13067-0103 (FMA 9/85) F'EMA NUCLEAR XIWEB PLANT ALEIUING AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM: PUBLIC TELDWNE SURVEY r Ye s 1 No 2 bard from an0 ther 3 source Don't Know 8 Time Began AM PM Time Ended AM *% Interview
For households located w i t h i n t h e EPZ, hard copy sample l a b e l s are p r i n t e d and a f f i x e d t o sample c a l l report: forms. These sample p i e c e s a r e t h e n s y s t e m a t i c a l l y ( n t h name) d i v i d e d i n t o mini-samples.               Each of t h e s e mini-samples (commonly ref e r r e d t o a s r e p l i c a t e groups) is p r o p o r t i o n a t e and r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e e n t i r e ( u n i v e r s a l ) sample. After the mini-samples have been selected, they are s h u f f l e d i n t o random order t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e specific c a l l i n g sequence does not i n t r o d u c e any b i a s i n t o t h e results. Immediately following t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n , these sample pieces are released t o i n t e r -
# (1-5) Zip Code (6-1 0) Sample Type (11) BE0L)RD BEFORE DIALING -Telephone
viewers i n r e p l i c a t e groups, ,and t h e i n t e r v i e w e r s begin telephoning households w i t h i n t h e EPZ. Since t h e e x a c t number 3 -2
# (Area Code) (Exchange) (Number) (12-21) LESWNDENT:
 
Male or Female head of household. - -. ASK, DEPENDING ON SEX: Are you the (man of the house/lody of the house)? :N'IRODUCTION
, -                  ..
: Eello, my name is . We're calling households long distance 'rom Chilton Rasearch Setvices as part of a survey. bderal Ihergency Management Agency ( PEHA) of the Unl ted S ea tas Government.
of sample pieces needed t o complete i n t e r v i e w i n g cannot be p r e c i s e l y determined i n advance, t h e release of t h e sample i n randomly s h u f f l e d r e p l i c a t e groups e n s u r e s t h a t t h e f i n a l s e t      Of completed i n t e r v i e w s i s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e e n t i r e surveyed EPZ    .
Your answers are voluntary and vi11 ba kept strictly confidential.
As i n t e r v i e w i n g p r o g r e s s e s , i n t e r v i e w e r s key all responses i n t o computer t e r m i n a l s , and running t o t a l s are kept on completed i n t e r v i e w s for t h o s e households t h a t were alerted and t h o s e households t h a t were not a l e r t e d ,
This survey is sponsored by The First of all, is this (REPEAT # DIALED)? t &S 1 TESWTE AND DIAL AGAIN No 2 3-7 How were you made aware of this emergency Lest signal? (DOE READ. CIRCLE ALL Fixed siren Mobile siren Don' t Know Tone Alert Radio Neighbor told me Other family member told me Other: (SPECIFY)
The target number of completed i n t e r v i e w s v a r i e s from survey t o survey, depending on t h e a l e r t e w n o t a l e r t e d ratio. T h i s t a r g e t number is e s t a b l i s h e d t o e n s u r e t h a t a s u f f i c i e n t number of i n t e r v i e w s are conducted t o provide survey results w i t h 5%
Don' t Knou 3A. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Y THAT APPLY) Fixed siren Mobile siren Tone alert Ne1 ghbor Another Family Member SKIP TO Q. 4 1 2 4 5 6 CONTINUE Were you made aware by a . . . (READ LIST. CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY) I DO NOT (30-36) 1 ( SPECIFY) 3 P Siren Don't know type Don' t Kaow (IF "HEARD OR SAW EMERGENCY SIGNAL" ASK Q. 4 BELOW OTHERWISE SKIP TO Q. 4A) Were you at home or away from home when you were made auare of this emergency test s i g& 37 - SKIP TO Q. 5 UNLESS THIS IS A TO ALERT AREA AND RESfONDENT DID NOZ 1 ANSEER SIREN OR TONE ALm IN 4.3 2 bay From me OR Q.3A. mERWIsE. SKIP TO Q.4B I 3-8 4A. 48. 4C. 5. 6. Yes IP TONE ALERT AREA, ASK Q. 48, OTHERWISE, SXIP TO Q. 5. 1 SKIP TO Q* 5 Xas your household ever been issued a (TONE ALEBT RADIO/APPROPRIATE TEXIYLNOLOCY)?
p r e c i s i o n a t a 95% confidence level. The computer program monitors t h e a l e r t e d / n o t a l e r t e d r a t i o and performs a sample s i z e c a l c u l a t i o n a f t e r each recorded interview. The number of i n t e r v i e w s r e q u i r e d i s continuously updated and d i s p l a y e d t o supervisory s t a f f , a l l o w i n g t h e sample t o be released p r o p e r l y and t h e i n t e r v i e w i n g process t o be terminated when t h e r e q u i r e d number of i n t e r v i e w s have been completed. . The i n t e r v i e w s are u s u a l l y completed w i t h i n one hour of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n ,
$9- Yes r No 2 Don' t Know Y SKIP TO Q. 5 Has your household ever received (DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUCTIONS) which tell you what to do in P real emergency at (NAME OF REACTOR)?
After t h e telephone survey has been terminated, all completed i n t e r v i e w s are once a g a i n checked a g a i n s t maps t o see i f t h e surveyed households are l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e EPZ. During interviewing, respondents are asked t o provide their address and t h e c l o s e s t c r o s s s t r e e t or i n t e r s e c t i o n t o t h e i r house. Since respondents sometimes provide new addresses o r a more e x a c t l o c a t i o n , these a d d r e s s e s are -checked a g a i n s t ' s t r e e t maps a second time. I n 'additi'on, - t h i s se-cond check i d e n t i f i e s anyone who has moved or whose address has changed from t h e one o b t a i n e d W i t h t h e o r i g i n a l sample.            Before f i n a l t a b u l a t i o n s a r e run, any households detected t o be o u t s i d e of t h e EPZ are removed from t h e universe of surveyed households.
41- YQS F=F bu't Know Y Because we need to detenaine whether or not you live in the Fmezgency Planning Zone (EPZ) of (NAME OF REACTOR), vould you please give me your address? (PAUSE FOR ANSWER) ADDRESS: and the nearest cross street or main road to your home. On behalf of Chilton Research Services and the Federal Energcncy Management Agency, I vould like to thank you for giving us some very valuable information.
3-3      '
3-9 APPENDIX 4 A  
 
SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION The number of households t h a t need t o b e surveyed is determined based upon t h e need t o obtain a sample size s u f f i c i e n t t o o b t a i n a 9 5 % confidence i n t e r v a l with precision (half-width) of 0.05 f o r the estimate of the proportion alerted. The exact number of households t o be surveyed can b e derived from the following s t a t i s t i c a l considerations. For r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e sample s i z e s
( n 2 30) , taken without replacement from a population (N), t h e s a p l i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r proportions (e.g.# t h e proportion of t h e population a l e r t e d ) is neatly a normal d i s t r i b u t i o n , t h e mean of which is t h e proportion (p) of the population a l e r t e d and t h e variance of which is If P is the observed sample proportion, then for a p a r t i c u l a r confidence l e v e l with confidence c o e f f i c i e n t Z c r Thus, f o r this confidence level, t h e actual proportion of t h e population a l e r t e d satisfies the following i n e q u a l i t i e s :
3-4  .
i
 
Thus, the p r e c i s i o n (W) is simply given by
                                                            .-
This equation can be solved t o determine the sample s i z e (n) required t o y i e l d a given p r e c i s h n (W) with a given observed sample proportion (P) as follows:
Although this expression f o r n can be used d i r e c t l y , it is customary t o make s e v e r a l approximations, F i r s t , s i n c e t h e term i n N i n t h e denominator ( t h e f i n i t e population term) is p o s i t i v e d e f i n i t e f o r all reasonable values of W ( 0 < W < 0 . 5 ) ? omitting t h i s term w i l l r e s u l t i n an approximation t o n that is s l i g h t l y larger than i t s t r u e value. This is an acceptable p r a c t i c e i n s i z i n g t h e sample s i n c e a larger sample gives g r e a t e r precision.
3-5
 
A  second approximation t h a t can be made i s t o neglect t h e terms i n W2 within the bracket i n the numerator. Analysis demonstrates that t h i s underestimates n when P < 1/2            - 1/4 -4 or P > 1/2 + 1/4          {x          and overestimates n for P between those two values. For the case of i n t e r e s t ( a 95% confidence i n t e r v a l with precision of 0 . 0 5 ) , this approximation provides an overestimation of n when a sample s i z e g r e a t e r than 1 9 1 is required. Since the sampling plan c a l l s f o r a minimum sample s i z e of 250, regardless of the value of P, t h i s approximation is acceptable because it a l s o y i e l d s an estimate of n l a r g e r than t h e true value. Therefore, for the purposes of the p i l o t t e s t and subsequent surveys, the following approximate equation can be used t o determine whether a sample s i z e larger than 250 is required :
2 3 31 -P(1 - a1 zc w2 or using 1.96 for Zc and 0.05 f o r              W, a = 1536.64 P(1    - P)
Data from the p i l o t t e s t can be used t o i l l u s t r a t e the effects of these approximations. In t h e p i l o t t e s t , the population of tone a l e r t households from which t h e sample was t o be drawn (N) was approximately 4500 and t h e observed proportion a l e r t e d (PI was 0 . 6 7 5 ,    This y i e l d s 311 as t h e exact result f o r n.
Neglecting the f i n i t e population term yields an estimate of 334 f o r nr and the simplified f i n a l approximation estimates n a s 338. Thus, the final simplified approximation overestimates t h e required sample s i z e by 27 i n this case.
3 -6
 
116834
; h i l t o n Research S e r v i c e s (adnor, Pennsylvania OMB 13067-0103 (FMA 9/85)
F'EMA NUCLEAR XIWEB PLANT A L E I U I N G AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM: PUBLIC TELDWNE SURVEY Time Began                      AM              PM                            Interview #
(1-5)
Time Ended                      AM              %                            Z i p Code (6-1 0 )
Sample Type (11)
BE0L)RD    BEFORE DIALING -Telephone #
(Area Code)          (Exchange)        (Number)    (12-21)
LESWNDENT:            Male o r Female head o f household.
                            - -.
ASK, DEPENDING ON SEX:                Are you t h e (man of t h e h o u s e / l o d y of t h e house)?
:N'IRODUCTION :
Eello, my name is                                        . We're c a l l i n g households long d i s t a n c e
'rom C h i l t o n Rasearch Setvices as p a r t o f a s u r v e y . This s u r v e y is sponsored by The b d e r a l I h e r g e n c y Management Agency ( PEHA) of t h e Unl ted S ea t a s Government.
Your answers are v o l u n t a r y a n d vi11 ba kept s t r i c t l y c o n f i d e n t i a l .
F i r s t of a l l , is t h i s (REPEAT # DIALED)?
t
                                                                                                              &S            1 T E S W T E AND DIAL AGAIN                          No            2 I                            r CDNTINUE                      Ye s          1 S U P TO Q. 4A                No            2 b a r d from CONTINUE                      an0 t h e r    3 source ASK IF ANY OTHER i%lUSEHOLD Don't Know    8 MEMBER IS MORE XNOWLEZEAELE 3-7
 
H o w were you made aware of t h i s emergency Lest signal?      ( D O E READ.      CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)
Fixed s i r e n                  1 Mobile s i r e n                  2 SKIP TO                    Don' t Know                      3 Tone Alert Radio                                4 Q. 4        Neighbor t o l d me                            5 O t h e r f a m i l y member t o l d me        6 O t h e r : (SPECIFY)                          7 CONTINUE      Don' t Knou                                    Y 3A. Were you made aware by a    . . . (READ LIST. CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)
(30-36) 1 Fixed s i r e n                                1 Mobile siren                                    2 Tone a l e r t                                  4 Ne1ghbor                                        5 Another Family Member                          6
( SPECIFY)
I  DO NOT        Siren        Don't know t y p e                3 Don' t Kaow                                    P
: 4.  ( I F "HEARD OR SAW EMERGENCY SIGNAL" ASK Q . 4 BELOW    OTHERWISE SKIP TO Q. 4A)
Were you a t home o r away from home when you were made auare of t h i s emergency t e s t s i g&                                                                                          37
                                                                                                      -
SKIP TO Q . 5 UNLESS THIS I S A TO ALERT AREA AND RESfONDENT DID NOZ 1
ANSEER SIREN O R TONE A L m IN 4.3  b a y From m          e                        2 OR Q.3A. mERWIsE. SKIP TO Q.4B I
3-8
 
4A.
IP TONE ALERT AREA, ASK Q. 4 8 ,                  Yes                                                1 OTHERWISE, SXIP TO Q. 5 .
SKIP TO              No                                                2 Q*  5              Don' t Know                                        Y
: 48. Xas your household e v e r been i s s u e d a              (TONE ALEBT RADIO/APPROPRIATE TEXIYLNOLOCY)?
                                                                                                                              $9-Yes r
SKIP TO Q. 5 4C.
: 5. Has y o u r household e v e r r e c e i v e d (DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUCTIONS) which t e l l you what t o d o i n P r e a l emergency a t (NAME OF REACTOR)?
41-YQS
: 6. Because we n e e d t o d e t e n a i n e w h e t h e r o r n o t you l i v e in t h e Fmezgency Planning Zone F=F b u ' t Know  Y
( E P Z ) of (NAME OF REACTOR), vould you p l e a s e g i v e m e y o u r address? (PAUSE FOR ANSWER)
ADDRESS:
and t h e n e a r e s t cross street o r main road t o y o u r home.
On behalf of Chilton Research Services and the Federal Energcncy Management Agency, I v o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k you f o r g i v i n g u s some v e r y v a l u a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n .
3-9
 
APPENDIX 4 A  


==SUMMARY==
==SUMMARY==
OF DESIGN REPORT ROUTINE SIREN TESTING PROCEDURES AND OPERABILITY REQUIREMENTS APPENDIX 4 A  
OF DESIGN REPORT ROUTINE SIREN TESTING PROCEDURES AND OPERABILITY REQUIREMENTS
 
APPENDIX 4 A  


==SUMMARY==
==SUMMARY==
OF DESIGN REPORT ROUTINE SIREN TESTING PROCEDURES AND OPERABILIm REQUIREMENTS Before a siren system is installed and operational, the licensee should develop a routine siren testing and operability program to provide for regularly scheduled testing of a siren system. A suggested testing frequency is outlined in NnREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1, Appendix 3. As part of the alert and notification system approval process, FEW will : . Review and accept a nuclear power plant's routine siren testing program; and . Verify the siren operability average estimated from the results of the siren testing program as it was implemented for the 12 months preceding submission of the design report. The operability of a siren system is considered acceptable when an average of 90% of the sirens (as determined by a simple average of all regularly conducted tests) can be demonstrated functional Over the 12-month period immediately preceding the suhittal of the design report. Special consideration will be given for siren systems that have not been operational for 12 months. Acceptability of the routine siren testing procedures is an important part of the overall alert and notification system review since the operability percentage will be derived from implementation of these procedures.
OF DESIGN REPORT ROUTINE SIREN TESTING PROCEDURES AND O P E R A B I L I m REQUIREMENTS Before a s i r e n system is i n s t a l l e d and o p e r a t i o n a l , the l i c e n s e e should develop a r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g and o p e r a b i l i t y program t o provide for r e g u l a r l y scheduled t e s t i n g of a s i r e n system. A suggested t e s t i n g frequency is o u t l i n e d i n NnREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1, Appendix 3.
testing procedures and operability is contained in the FEMA Guidance Memorandum series, an added interpretation and application of NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1. Further information on 4 -1
A s part of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system approval process, FEW w i l l :
-.____- Use of the following generic checklist is recommended when submitting a nuclear power plant's routine siren testing program and computation of operability percentage:
          . Review and accept a nuclear power p l a n t ' s r o u t i n e siren t e s t i n g program; and
: 1. A description of the alert and notification system: . Number of sirens (for fixed or mobile sirens); and . Other system components (for tone alert radios, route alerting, etc.) . 2. A description of the standard operating procedures for routinely testing the system: . Type of testing (sLlent, growl, complete cycle); and . Frequency of testing for each type (weekly, bi-weekly, twice monthly, monthly, quarterly, annually, other) . 3. A description of the method used for verifying activation: . Procedures for verifying activation (by electronic or mechanical means, paid personnel or volunteers located at each siren, other); . Method of reporting results of verification (by telephone, mail-.in respnse cardr checklist, etc.) i and . Verification of whether 100% of the sirens were activated andr if not, why. 4 -2
          . Verify t h e s i r e n o p e r a b i l i t y average estimated from the results of t h e s i r e n t e s t i n g program as i t was implemented f o r t h e 1 2 months preceding submission of the design report.
: 4. A description and location of testing and verification r eco r ds . 1. Detailed records of all tests conducted for the immediately preceeding 12-month period. . A chart or table summary listing the dates of the tests, type of tests, number of sirens tested, number of sirens verified, number of sirens operable, and percentage of sirens operable:
The o p e r a b i l i t y of a s i r e n system is considered a c c e p t a b l e when a n average of 90% of t h e s i r e n s ( a s determined by a simple average of all r e g u l a r l y conducted t e s t s ) can be demonstrated functional Over the 12-month period immediately preceding t h e s u h i t t a l of the design report. Special c o n s i d e r a t i o n w i l l be given f o r s i r e n systems t h a t have not been o p e r a t i o n a l f o r 1 2 months. Acceptability of t h e r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g procedures is an important part of t h e overall a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system review since the o p e r a b i l i t y percentage w i l l be derived from implementation of t h e s e procedures. Further information on t e s t i n g procedures and o p e r a b i l i t y is contained i n t h e FEMA Guidance Memorandum series, an added i n t e r p r e t a t i o n and a p p l i c a t i o n of NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1.
and . Relevant documentation to support the summarized data. 2. A description of the method used to calculate the siren operabil ity per centage. 3. The computation of the siren operability percentage for the immediately preceding 12-month period. 4-3 . .'\ . . .. .. .. . - . .F}}
4 -1
 
-.____-
Use of the following g e n e r i c c h e c k l i s t is recommended when submitting a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g program and computation of o p e r a b i l i t y percentage:
: 1. A d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system:
          . Number of s i r e n s ( f o r f i x e d o r mobile s i r e n s ) ; and
          . Other system components ( f o r tone a l e r t r a d i o s , route a l e r t i n g , etc.)     .
2 . A d e s c r i p t i o n of the standard o p e r a t i n g procedures f o r r o u t i n e l y t e s t i n g t h e system:
          . Type of t e s t i n g ( s L l e n t , growl, complete c y c l e ) ; and
          . Frequency of t e s t i n g f o r each type (weekly, bi-weekly, twice monthly, monthly, q u a r t e r l y ,
annually, o t h e r )       .
: 3. A d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e method used f o r v e r i f y i n g activation:
          . Procedures f o r v e r i f y i n g a c t i v a t i o n (by e l e c t r o n i c o r mechanical means, p a i d personnel or v o l u n t e e r s located a t each s i r e n , o t h e r ) ;
          . Method of r e p o r t i n g results of v e r i f i c a t i o n (by telephone, mail-.in r e s p n s e cardr c h e c k l i s t , etc.)             i and
          . V e r i f i c a t i o n of whether 1 0 0 % of the s i r e n s were a c t i v a t e d andr if not, why.
4 -2
 
4 . A d e s c r i p t i o n and l o c a t i o n of t e s t i n g and v e r i f i c a t i o n r eco r ds   .
: 1. D e t a i l e d records of a l l tests conducted f o r t h e immediately preceeding 12-month period.
          . A     c h a r t or t a b l e summary l i s t i n g t h e dates of t h e tests, type of tests, number of s i r e n s tested, number of s i r e n s v e r i f i e d , number of s i r e n s operable, and percentage of sirens operable: and
          . Relevant documentation t o support the summarized data.
2 . A d e s c r i p t i o n of the method used t o c a l c u l a t e the s i r e n o p e r a b i l i t y per centage.
: 3. The computation of the s i r e n o p e r a b i l i t y percentage f o r the immediately preceding 12-month period.
4-3
                                              . .. . . -        . .'\ . . ..
                    . .F}}

Revision as of 15:55, 14 November 2019

Response to J. Kolinsky Letter 05/20/08 Meeting at Cortlandt Mavar, Ny
ML081610574
Person / Time
Site: Indian Point  Entergy icon.png
Issue date: 06/06/2008
From: Dapas M
Region 1 Administrator
To: Kolinsky J
- No Known Affiliation
References
Download: ML081610574 (62)
v • d • e


Text

UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION REGION I 475 ALLENDALE ROAD KING OF PRUSSIA, PA 19406-1415 June 6, 2008 Mr. Jay N. Kolinsky P.O. Box 300 Pound Ridge, NY 10576-0300

Dear Mr. Kolinsky:

Thank you for your letter of May 25, 2008, in which you requested information regarding the current NRC or Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) specifications required of nuclear power plant evacuation warning systems. I enjoyed meeting you at the public meeting we hosted on May 20thon the results of our inspection activities related to ground water contamination at the Indian Point site and appreciated the opportunity we had to discuss alert and notification systems installed at various power plants as well as your background in that area. I also want to thank you for the positive feedback you provided me after the meeting and in your follow-up letter regarding how we conducted the meeting and the quality of the information we presented.

Regarding the information you requested in your letter, NRC rules are stipulated in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and 10 CFR Part 50.47 (b)(5) requires that nuclear power plant licensees establish the means to provide early notification and clear instruction to the populace within the plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). Further, Appendix E to 10 CFR 50 requires that each licensee demonstrate that administrative and physical means have been established for alerting and providing prompt instructions to the public within the plume exposure pathway EPZ. Appendix E further requires that the notification system have the capability to essentially complete the initial notification of the public within 15 minutes. The regulations recognize that the use of this notification capability will range from immediate notification of the public (within 15 minutes of the time that State and local officials are notified that a situation exists requiring urgent action) to the more likely events where there is substantial time available for the State and local governmental officials to make a judgment whether or not to activate the public notification system. The actual wording of these regulations can be found on the NRCs public website at: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collectionslcfr.

The actual technical specifications for NRC-required public notification systems are established by FEMA. FEMAs guidance for such systems is provided in FEMA-REP-10, Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notification Systems for Nuclear Power Plants. The NRC ensures that licensees remain compliant with their alert and notification system commitments to FEMA by conducting biennial inspections of the licensees emergency preparedness programs. The sound level requirements, and the specifications for measuring those levels, are provided in Section E.6.2.1 of FEMA-REP-10. The requirements stated in FEMA-REP-10 are for outdoor sound levels; nuclear power plant alert and notification systems are only intended as an outdoor

J. Kolinsky 2 notification system, and no indoor sound levels are prescribed. I have enclosed a copy of FEMA-REP-10 for your information.

As to the specifics of the alert and notification system for Indian Point, the current system does not use tone alert radios since FEMA has determined that the population within the Indian Point EPZ is adequately covered by the fixed siren system.

Thank you for your interest in nuclear power plant alert and notification systems and our regulatory activities in this area. If you have any further questions, please contact Mr. James Trapp, who has oversight responsibility for our regional emergency preparedness inspection function, at (601) 337-5186.

Sincerely, 1 7 Marc L. Dapas Deputy Regional Administrator Region I

Enclosure:

FEMA-REP-10 Docket No: 50-247, 50-286 License No: DPR-26, DPR-64

FEMA-REP-lO/Nwmk 1985 FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY Su#nd.r f EMA-U/S.ptambr 1983 Which M a y B. Uwd Guide for the Evaluation of Alert and Notific tion, Systems for Nuclear Power Plants

FEMA- REP1O/ November 1985 GUIDE FOR THE EVALUATION OF ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS Prepared for:

Federal Emergency Management Agency Washington, D.C. 20472 Under Contract No. EMW-83-C-1217

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION i iXAETEB 1: NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l Revision 1 PLANNING STANDARD E PROCEDURES

- NOTIFICATION I METHODS AND I

E- 1 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 : N o t i f i c a t i o n Methods E- 1 Areas of Review E- 1 Acceptance C r i t e r i a E- 1 E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n E.6: A l e r t i n g Methods E- 3 Areas of Review E- 3 Acceptance C r i t e r i a E- 4 Administrative Procedures E- 4 P h y s i c a l Means E- 5 Fixed S i r e n s E- 6 Mobile S i r e n V e h i c l e s E-10 Tone A l e r t Radios E-13 Special Alerting E-15 General Acceptance C r i t e r i a f o r S p e c i a l A l e r t i n g Methods E-15 U s e of I n s t i t u t i o n a l A l e r t i n g Systems E-17 Use of Aircraft for A l e r t i n g E-18 Use of A u t omat i c T e l ephone Dialers/Swi t c h i n g Equipment E-19 U s e of Modulated Power Lines E-20 U s e of Police, F i r e , or Rescue V e h i c l e s and Personnel E-20 CHAPTER 2 : NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , ,

Revision 1 PLANNING STANDARD F - EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS F- 1 E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n F.1: Emergency Communications F- 1 Areas of Review F- 2 Acceptance C r i t e r i a F- 2 CHAPTER 3 : NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1I PLANNING STANDARD N - EXERCISES AND DRILLS N- 1 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.1.a: Exercise D e f i n i t i o n N- 1 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.1 .b: Exercise Requirements N- 1 Areas of Review N- 1 Acceptance C r i t e r i a N- 2 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.2.a: Communication D r i l l s N- 5 Areas of Review N-5 Acceptance C r i t e r i a N- 5

--

A

"

F. - Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.3: S c e n a r i o s and Objectives N- 6 Areas of Review N- 6 Acceptance C r i t e r i a N- 6 Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.5: Observer and P a r t i c i p a n t Comments N- 7 Areas of R e v i e w N- 7 Acceptance C r i t e r i a N- 7 APPENDIX 1: Procedures f o r P r e p a r a t i o n and Submission of a Design Report Describing A l e r t a n d N o t i f i c a t i o n Systems 1- 1 APPENDIX 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements 2- 1 APPENDIX 3: A Summary of the A l e r t and N o t i f i c a t i o n Survey Methodology Survey Methodology 3- 1 Sample S i z e Determination 3- 4 FEMA Nuclear Power P l a n t A l e r t i n g and N o t i f i c a t i o n System: P u b l i c Telephone Survey 3- 7 APPENDIX 4: A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and Operability Requirements 4- 1

INTRODUCTION The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) , created i n 1978, has o v e r a l l federal r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n n i n g and preparedness f u n c t i o n s . This r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , which i n c l u d e s c o o r d i n a t i n g , e v a l u a t i n g , and approving s t a t e and l o c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and p r e p a r e d n e s s f o r commercial n u c l e a r power p l a n t s ,

was o f f i c i a l l y a s s i g n e d t o FEMA by t h e P r e s i d e n t i n December 1979. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) , which i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r o n s i t e s a f e t y , assesses o v e r a l l n u c l e a r power p l a n t s a f e t y , u s i n g FEMA's f i n d i n g s on o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness. The NRC is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r determining whether new commercial n u c l e a r power p l a n t s should be l i c e n s e d and whether e x i s t i n g p l a n t s should c o n t i n u e operating. However, new p l a n t s can be l i c e n s e d t o begin o p e r a t i n g , and e x i s t i n g p l a n t s can continue t o o p e r a t e without formal FEMA approval and c e r t i f i c a t i o n t o t h e NRC on t h e adequacy of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness i n accordance with FEMA's rule, T i t l e 4 4 of t h e de of F e d e r a l R e m , Part 350 ( 4 4 CFR 350) .

FEMA and t h e NRC j o i n t l y developed federal c r i t e r i a , published i n November 1980, f o r a s s e s s i n g both o n s i t e and o f f s i t e n u c l e a r power p l a n t 'radiological emergency planning and preparedness i n a document ' t i t l e d C r i t e r i a for P r m o n E v a l m e -andr-r t o f Nuclear Power Plants, NUREG-O654/FEMA-REPlI Revision l.* These c r i t e r i a i n c l u d e 16 planning s t a n d a r d s -- 15 r e l a t e d t o both o n s i t e and o f f s i t e planning and preparedness issues and one r e l a t e d o n l y t o o n s i t e s a f e t y issues. These 16

..

  • U. S. N u c l e a r Regulatory Commission and Federal Emergency Management Agency, "Criteria f o r P r e p a r a t i o n and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power P l a n t s , N o v e m b e r 1980 i

s t a n d a r d s are mandated i n NRC and FEMA r e g u l a t i o n s f o r use i n o n s i t e and o f f s i t e n u c l e a r power p l a n t r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness.

FEMA's r u l e , 44 CFR 350, " R e v i e w and Approval of State and Local Radiological Emergency P l a n s and Preparedness" (September 2 8 ,

1983) , is t h e r e g u l a t i o n e s t a b l i s h i n g p o l i c y and procedures f o r FEMA review and approval of s t a t e and l o c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n s and preparedness. This r u l e a l s o references t h e 16 p l a n n i n g s t a n d a r d s o r i g i n a l l y d e l i n e a t e d i n NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1. O f t h e s e 16 planning s t a n d a r d s , t h r e e apply d i r e c t l y t o t h e review and e v a l u a t i o n of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems: E, N o t i f i c a t i o n Methods and Procedures; F, Emergency Communications; and N, E x e r c i s e s and D r i l l s . I n addition, NUREZ-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, Appendix 3, applies d i r e c t l y t o a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems. T h i s guide only elaborates on t h e t h r e e NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-lr Revision I, a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system-related planning s t a n d a r d s , seven of t h e i r 15 e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i a , and requirements i n NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision I, Appendix 3.

I n September 1983, FEMA implemented i n t e r i m g u i d e l i n e s for a s s e s s i n g t h e adequacy of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system i n a document t i t l e d Standard G u i d e f o r the

- of u ] t oa d N

-, FEMA-43. Prior t o t h e i s s u a n c e of FEMA-43, FEMA approvals of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n s and preparedness i n c l u d e d a c a v e a t s t a t e m e n t t h a t the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems would be e v a l u a t e d a t a l a t e r date. This document s u p e r s e d e s FEMA-43 and a d d r e s s e s t h e b a s i s f o r a federal e v a l u a t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n aspects of a state and local o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency plan.

The f o l l o w i n g t a b l e i n d i c a t e s t h e chapters i n t h i s g u i d e t h a t addr-ess &e NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, and Appendix 3 ,

planning s t a n d a r d s , e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i a , and requirements t h a t apply to a l e r t and notification systems.

1. RevifiFsrnl Chapter 1 E 5, 6 Chapter 2 F 1 Chapter 3 N 1, 2 , 3 , 5 Each planning s t a n d a r d comprises a separate chapter. To f u r t h e r f a c i l i t a t e cross r e f e r e n c i n g of t h i s guide, t h e page numbers of t h e c h a p t e r s are p r e f i x e d by the NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l, Revision 1, planning s t a n d a r d l e t t e r (i.e. , E, F, and N) .

-

Each planning s t a n d a r d and i t s associated c r i t e r i a are quoted w i t h i n each chapter. Additional guidance and a n e x p l a n a t i o n a r e provided as follows:

1. This s e c t i o n b r i e f l y describes t h e scope of t h e review and d e f i n e s aspects of t h e emergency response p l a n t h a t should be addressed under the e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i o n . The a p p l i c a b i l i t y t o l i c e n s e e ,

. state, and l o c a l p l a n s is as specified i n ??UREG-0654/

FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1, and o n l y t h o s e p o r t i o n s of the e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i o n a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e s t a t e and l o c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n s w i l l be reviewed under t h i s guide.

2 . Acce-e C r i t e r b . The o b j e c t i v e of this s e c t i o n is t o d e f i n e as p r e c i s e l y a s p o s s i b l e what w i l l be a c c e p t e d by t h e reviewer as adequate. Specific c o n d i t i o n s and t e c h n i c a l parameters t o be s a t i s f i e d are included, along w i t h a r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r use. Whenever possible, ac-ceptance c r i t e r i a are specified i n q u a n t i t a t i v e terms.

S p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n is placed on i d e n t i f y i n g t h e infor-mation t h a t should be provided t o s u p p o r t t h e review.

The t e c h n i c a l and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e review- using t h i s g u i d a n c e w i l l result i n t h e f o l l o w i n g a c c e p t a b i l i t y determination:

iii

. Acceptable - meets o r exceeds s t a n d a r d s ; or Unacceptable o r marginally acceptable - corrective a c t i o n s recommended.

An element i s d e f i c i e n t when FEMA determines t h a t t h e f u n c t i o n or a c t i v i t y i s n o t addressed i n a s a t i s f a c t o r y manner. A f u n c t i o n o r a c t i v i t y is n o t s a t i s f a c t o r y when t h e f u n c t i o n or a c t i v i t y does n o t support a f i n d i n g t h a t the system is adequate t o provide prompt a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n of t h e p u b l i c i n t h e event of a r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency.

FEMA's t e n r e g i o n a l offices p r e p a r e both i n t e r i m and f i n a l f i n d i n g s on v a r i o u s aspects of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and preparedness, FEMA r e g i o n a l offices are a s s i s t e d i n t h i s e f f o r t by Regional Assistance Committees comprised of r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s from o t h e r federal a g e n c i e s w i t h expertise i n emergency planning and preparedness. These a g e n c i e s a r e committed through f e d e r a l r e g u l a t i o n s t o assist FEMA i n reviewing o f f s i t e p l a n s . FEMA h e a d q u a r t e r s and t h e Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee, which is t h e h e a d q u a r t e r s c o u n t e r p a r t t o t h e Regional A s s i s t a n c e Committees, review f i n a l e v a l u a t i o n s of o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency planning and p r e p a r e d n e s s prepared by t h e FEMA r e g i o n a l off ices, The Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee i n c l u d e s t h e f o l l o w i n g member-agencies: t h e NRC; t h e Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agency; and t h e Departments of A g r i c u l t u r e , Health and Human S e r v i c e s , Commerce, Energy, I n t e r i o r , T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , and Defense. FEMA c h a i r s both t h e Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee and t h e Regional A s s i s t a n c e Committees. These committees provide FEMA and s t a t e and l o c a l governments t e c h n i c a l o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency p l a n n i n g and preparedness expertise.

iv

This guide h a s been developed t o elaborate upon F E W ' S r u l e 4 4 CFR 350 and N R C ' s NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 I t o provide guidance f o r meeting p l a n n i n g s t a n d a r d s E, F, and N and f o r reviewing and approving a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems t o the:

. Regional Assistance Committees a s t h e y a s s i s t s t a t e and local government o f f i c i a l s i n t h e development of r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency response p l a n s ( 4 4 CFR 350.5) ;

States i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of an emergency p l a n a n d subsequent a p p l i c a t i o n f o r formal review and FEMA approval ( 4 4 CFR 350.7) ;

. FEMA Regional D i r e c t o r s i n t h e e v a l u a t i o n of a s t a t e p l a n ( 4 4 CFR 350.11);

. FEMA Associate D i r e c t o r i n making a d e t e r m i n a t i o n of adequacy r e g a r d i n g a s t a t e p l a n ( 4 4 CFR 350.12) ;

. NRC i n t h e review of FEMA's f i n d i n g s and d e t e r m i n a t i o n on t h e adequacy of s t a t e plans; and

. NRC l i c e n s e e s i n t h e i r design and documentation of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n systems.

Although e f f o r t s have been made t o e n s u r e completeness, t h i s document may n o t cover c e r t a i n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n s i t u a -

t i o n s . Each of these cases w i l l be handled on a n i n d i v i d u a l basis.

This guide i s supplemented by f o u r appendices d e s c r i b i n g procedures f o r p r e p a r a t i o n and submission of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system design report, design - r e p o r t map requirements, t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n p u b l i c s u r v e y methodology, and r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g procedures and o p e r a b i l i t y requirements. These appendices are:

. Appendix 1: "Procedures for P r e p a r a t i o n and Submission of a Design Report Describing Alert and N o t i f i c a t i o n S y s t emsn;

. Appendix 2:

ments";

"A Summary of Design Report Map R e q u i r e -

V

. Appendix 3: "A Summary of t h e Alert and N o t i f i c a t i o n Survey Methodology"; and

. Appendix 4: "A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and O p e r a b i l i t y Requirements. "

These appendices have been included i n t h i s g u i d e t o a i d l i c e n s e e s and s t a t e and l o c a l governments i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system design report.

I V i

CHAPTER 1 NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 I PLANNING STANDARD E -

NOTIFICATION ME!FHODS AND PROCEDURES

'Procedures have been e s t a b l i s h e d f o r n o t i f i c a t i o n , by t h e l i c e n s e e of State and l o c a l response o r g a n i z a t i o n s and f o r n o t i f i c a t i o n of emergency personnel by a l l response organ-i z a t i o n s ; t h e c o n t e n t of i n i t i a l and followup messages t o response o r g a n i z a t i o n s and t h e p u b l i c h a s been e s t a b l i s h e d ;

and means t o provide e a r l y n o t i f i c a t i o n and clear i n s t r u c -

t i o n t o t h e populace w i t h i n t h e plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone have been e s t a b l i s h e d . I)

Ev-tion C r i t e r i o n E.5 i n Pl-na S t a n d a r d E r_eauires that:

"State and l o c a l government o r g a n i z a t i o n s s h a l l e s t a b l i s h a system f o r d i s s e m i n a t i n g t o t h e p u b l i c a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r -

mation c o n t a i n e d i n i n i t i a l and followup messages received from t h e l i c e n s e e i n c l u d i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e n o t i f i c a t i o n t o a p p r o p r i a t e broadcast media, e. g. I t h e Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) ' .

E.5.1 Ateas of RPviehl Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 addresses t h e system(s1 used t o d i s -

seminate i n f o r m a t i o n t o the p u b l i c during a nuclear power p l a n t emergency. The review under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 e n s u r e s t h a t r e s p o n s i b l e s t a t e and l o c a l government o r g a n i z a t i o n s have adequate a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures t o communicate a p p r o p r i a t e information t o t h e p u b l i c and t h a t t h e physical c a p a b i l i t i e s e x i s t t o disseminate t h i s emergency information.

The p u b l i c w i l l g e n e r a l l y be informed by some form of b r o a d c a s t media. A l l a p p r o p r i a t e media are encouraged t o participate.

E.5.2 -e Criteria An acceptable emergency p l a n under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.5 should describe a system of disseminating i n f o r m a t i o n t o t h e p u b l i c t h a t meets t h e f o l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a :

E-1

1. L i s t s t h e broadcast s t a t i o n s and b r o a d c a s t i n g systems t h a t a r e t o be selected so as t o e n s u r e t h a t :

. Transmission s i g n a l (s) a r e of adequate s t r e n g t h w i t h i n t h e coverage a r e a under review; and

. C a p a b i l i t y exists t o broadcast o f f i c i a l information 2 4 hours0.167 days <br />0.0238 weeks <br />0.00548 months <br /> a day, 7 days a week. If a selected s t a t i o n does n o t have a backup power supply, t h e n a n a l t e r n a t e s t a t i o n should be i d e n t i f i e d and included i n t h e emergency plan.

2 . Depicts procedures and i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r each o r g a n i z a t i o n and commitments between a g r e e i n g p a r t i e s t o honor these r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s i n case of an o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency. These procedures should address a c t i v a t i o n a u t h o r i z a t i o n and d e s i g n a t e i n d i v i d -

uals, by t i t l e , responsible f o r n o t i f i c a t i o n system I a c t i v a t i o n . Actual a u t h e n t i c a t i o n codes should n o t be identified.

3 . References o r i n c l u d e s some form of documentation, a v a i l a b l e for review, t h a t states t h e s t a t i o n ' s o r broadcast system's a b i l i t y t o participate i n t h e p u b l i c n o t i f i c a t i o n process. The emergency p l a n should i d e n t i f y , by t i t l e , p o i n t s of c o n t a c t accessible 24 hours1 days <br />0.143 weeks <br />0.0329 months <br /> a day, 7 days a week. P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n a "Local Emergency Broadcast System Operational Area Plan" i s considered s a t i s f a c t o r y .

4. Clearly defines i n t e r v a l s f o r broadcasting o f f i c i a l information s t a t e m e n t s f o r each c l a s s of nuclear power plant emergency a c t i o n level. It is recommended t h a t t h e maximum broadcast i n t e r v a l be no more t h a n 15 minutes (for o f f i c i a l information d u r i n g actual general emergencies) u n t i l the emergency is d e c l a r e d o f f i c i a l l y t o be over.

5 . I n c l u d e s a commitment t h a t the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) o r the media center w i l l have the c a p a b i l i t y t o monitor the broadcast of o f f i c i a l information messages ( r a d i o and t e l e v i s i o n )

I n c o r r e c t l y t r a n s m i t t e d information should be

.

immediately i d e n t i f i e d t o t h e s t a t i o n ( s ) by the EOC's a u t h o r i z e d p o i n t of c o n t a c t .

i E-2

Evaluation C r i t e r b E.6 i n Pl-a Standard E regUires that:

"Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l e s t a b l i s h a d m i n i s t r a t i v e and p h y s i c a l means, and t h e time required f o r n o t i f y i n g and p r o v i d i n g prompt i n s t r u c t i o n s t o t h e p u b l i c w i t h i n t h e plume exposure pathway Emergency Planning Zone. (See Appendix 3.) I t s h a l l be t h e l i c e n s e e ' s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o demonstrate t h a t such means e x i s t , r e g a r d l e s s of who implements t h i s requirement. I t s h a l l be t h e responsi-b i l i t y of the S t a t e and l o c a l governments t o a c t i v a t e such a system.'

E.6.1 u e a s of R e v i a Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.6 addresses t h e required means t o a l e r t and n o t i f y the p u b l i c w i t h i n a nuclear power p l a n t ' s EPZ i n a s i t u a t i o n i n v o l v i n g real or p o t e n t i a l r a d i o l o g i c a l hazards.

Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.6 requires t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of b o t h t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e Droce- and t h e me= for notifying t h e p u b l i c w i t h i n a n EPZ, The a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures m u s t describe t h e i n t e r a c t i o n of t h e v a r i o u s o r g a n i z a t i o n s , as w e l l as t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of each o r g a n i z a t i o n i n t h i s linkage. A c t i v a t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system i n c l u d e s a l l a c t i o n s from t h e p r o c e s s by which a d e c i s i o n t o a l e r t t h e p u b l i c i s made, through the communications chain, t o t h e a c t u a l c a p a b i l i t y t o provide a n a l e r t s i g n a l and i n s t r u c t i o n a l message w i t h i n a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ. The implementation of a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n process commences w i t h a telephone c a l l from o n s i t e personnel t o o f f s i t e personnel r e s p o n s i b l e for a c t i v a t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

The p h y s i c a l means m u s t address t h e methods and equipnent i n c o r p o r a t e d f o r a l e r t i n g t h e public. A f u l l y e f f e c t i v e alert-i n g system may employ a*'ntbnber - .r of means which could i n c l u d e , b u t not be . l i m i t e d to; a combination of the f o l l o w i n g p h y s i c a l methods: f i x e d s i r e n s ; mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s ; t o n e a l e r t E-3

,

"-

. ..

radios; a i r c r a f t ; a u t o m a t i c telephone d i a l e r s and s w i t c h i n g equipment; modulated power l i n e s ; and p o l i c e , f i r e , and rescue v e h i c l e s or personnel. Accordingly,, a c o o r d i n a t e d program of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system developnent, implementation, and r o u t i n e t e s t i n g and maintenance is encouraged. Regardless of t h e p h y s i c a l means (or any combination t h e r e o f ) selected and implemented, Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E - 6 requires t h a t t h e l i c e n s e e provide a design report d e s c r i b i n g t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system. During FEMA's review of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system, t h e design report w i l l be reviewed and m u s t be .

determined t o be acceptable p r i o r t o a c t i v a t i n g t h e system f o r t h e purposes of conducting a p u b l i c telephone survey t o s a t i s f y t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n aspects sf 4 4 CFR 350.9(a).

E.6.2 A c c e D t u c e Criteria An a c c e p t a b l e design report under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n E.6 should describe how t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures and t h e phys-i c a l means are u t i l i z e d t o e n s u r e i n i t i a l a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n of the p u b l i c w i t h i n a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ and how t h e s e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures and p h y s i c a l means can and w i l l be

.

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h 4 4 CFR-350.121b) (1) The development and use of innovative, c o s t - e f f e c t i v e approaches i s encouraged when n o t i f y i n g and p r o v i d i n g prompt i n s t r u c t i o n t o t h e p u b l i c w i t h i n a nuclear power p l a n t ' s EPZ.

A d e s c r i p t i o n of a c c e p t a b l e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures should include, a t a minimum:

. S p e c i f i c a t i o n of those o r g a n i z a t i o n s or i n d i v i d u a l s , by t i t l e , r e s p o n s i b l e for a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m , i n c l u d i n g any a l t e r n a t e s necessary E- 4

t o e n s u r e t h a t such o r g a n i z a t i o n s or i n d i v i d u a l s w i l l be n o t i f i e d and mobilized i n t i m e t o perform t h e i r respon-s i b i l ities.

. Discussion of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n a c t i v a t i o n procedures and a n a n a l y s i s of t h e amount of time re-q u i r e d t o implement t h e s e procedures, demonstrating t h a t once t h e a p p r o p r i a t e o f f i c i a l has decided t o a c t i v a t e t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system, t h e 15-minute design objective of NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, p. 3-3

( d i s c u s s e d below) , w i l l be met.

. S p e c i f i c a t i o n of procedures and safeguards employed t o e n s u r e t h a t a legitimate and c l e a r l y understood command t o a c t i v a t e t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system is conveyed from the a p p r o p r i a t e o f f i c i a l s t o t h e persons r e s p o n s i b l e f o r p h y s i c a l l y a c t i v a t i n g t h e system, and t h a t t h e s e persons recognize? understand, and take appro-priate a c t i o n s i n response t o such a command. ,

As s p e c i f i e d i n Appendix 3 of NURM;-O654/FEMA-REP-lr Revision 1, the p h y s i c a l means must e f f e c t i v e l y a l e r t t h e public:

'The minimum a c c e p t a b l e design objectives for coverage by t h e system are:

a ) C a p a b i l i t y for providing both 'an a l e r t s i g n a l and a n i n f o r m a t i o n a l or i n s t r u c t i o n a l message t o t h e popula-t i o n on a n area wide basis throughout t h e 1 0 mile EPZ, w i t h i n 1 5 minutes.

.,,. .... .*

  • NUREZ-0654/FEMA-R&1 , Revision 1I (page 11) a l s o c o n t a i n s t h e f o l l o w i n g f o o t n o t e regarding, EPZ s i z e determinations:

'These r a d i i are a p p l i c a b l e t o l i g h t water n u c l e a r power p l a n t s , r a t e d a t 250 M W t or g r e a t e r . The FEMA/NRC S t e e r i n g Committee h a s

  • concluded t h a t mall water cooled power r e a c t o r s (less ,than 250 M W t ) and t h e Fort S t . Vrain gas cooled r e a c t o r may use 'ap1ume exposure emergency planning zone of a b o u t 5 miles i n r a d i u s and a n i n g e s t i o n pathway emergency planning zone of about 30 m i l e s i n radius. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e requirements f o r t h e a l e r t i n g and n o t i f i c a t i o n system (Appendix 3) w i l l be scaled on a case-by-case basis. a E- 5

b) The i n i t i a l n o t i f i c a t i o n system w i l l assure direct coverage of e s s e n t i a l l y 100% of t h e p o p u l a t i o n w i t h i n 5 miles of t h e site.

c) Special arrangements w i l l be made t o assure 1 0 0 %

coverage w i t h i n 45 minutes of t h e p o p u l a t i o n who may n o t have r e c e i v e d t h e i n i t i a l n o t i f i c a t i o n w i t h i n t h e e n t i r e plume exposure EM."

An e f f e c t i v e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system may i n c l u d e more t h a n one p h y s i c a l a l e r t i n g method. Each p h y s i c a l means should be addressed i n t h e design report. The design report m u s t show t h a t the i n t e g r a t e d p h y s i c a l a l e r t i n g system meets t h e above c r i t e r i a . The d e s i g n report should a l s o address each major system component .as specified i n t h e f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n s i n t h i s guide. The a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n method f o r i n s t i t u t i o n s (such as r e c r e a t i o n a l areas, schools, f a c t o r i e s , h o s p i t a l s , shopping centers, j a i l s , and l a r g e office b u i l d i n g s ) should be analyzed on a case-by-case basis and documented i n t h e design report (see s e c t i o n E.6.2.4.2 of t h i s guide, "Use of I n s t i t u t i o n a l A l e r t i n g Systems") . The basis for any special requirements or e x c e p t i o n s should a l s o be i n c l u d e d i n t h e design r e p o r t . The design r e p o r t , where a p p r o p r i a t e , must i n c l u d e maps of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements). The i n t e n t of t h e design r e p o r t should be t o demonstrate t h a t t h e g u i d e l i n e s of NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l ,

Revision 1, and Appendix 3, are satisfied.

The following s e c t i o n s address t h e acceptance c r i t e r i a f o r components comprising a t o t a l l y i n t e g r a t e d a l e r t i n g system.

E.6.2.1 Fixed Sirens Wherever pr opo an a l e r t system, t h e s i r e n system design and' dures and maintenance program sho ~ , . , y .'P '(?

in'Zhe

- design r e p o r t (see Appendix 4: A

  • Summary of Design Report-Routine .. t. * .e S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures E-6

._

and O p e r a b i l i t y Requirements). The design r e p o r t should a l s o i n c l u d e maps d e p i c t i n g s i r e n sound c o n t o u r s for v d  ;  : '

pressure l e v e l s (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map R e q u i r e m e n t s ) , a d e s c r i p t i o n of haw t h e sound p r e s s u r e level contours were calculated, and any assumptions used i n c l u d i n g t h o s e from NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1 The sound .

c o n t o u r s may be based on Appendix 3 of NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-lf Revision 1, i n c l u d i n g t h e u s e , i n t h e absence of i n t e r v e n i n g t o p o g r a p h i c a l f e a t u r e s , of the 1 0 dB loss per d i s t a n c e doubled sound a t t e n u a t i o n f a c t o r used i n FEMA CPG 1-17.* However, topogra$ical features t h a t act as sound barriers m u s t be considered i n such contour c a l c u l a t i o n s . If t h e FEMA CPG 1-17 a t t e n u a t i o n factor is n o t used, t h e design c a l c u l a t i o n should, a t a minimum, account for t h e effects of topographical f e a t u r e s ,

temperature, r e l a t i v e humidity, wind d i r e c t i o n , wind speed, measured s i r e n sound o u t p u t , and s i r e n l o c a t i o n and h e i g h t .

Average summer daytime weather c o n d i t i o n s may be used, Average daytime should be that period of t i m e , d u r i n g t h e day, that m e t e o r o l o g i s t s d e f i n e a s r e p r e s e n t i n g n e u t r a l or u n s t a b l e weather c o n d i t i o n s .

To f a c i l i t a t e FEMA's e v a l u a t i o n of t h e computation, t h e design report should - -

c-_o n t a i n p l a n t meteorological tower data repre-s e n t i n g 3 months

..* ..-, of summe daytime conditions.' The f o l l o w i n g parameters,

  • t a k e n f lowest and i n t e r m e d i a t e tower p o s i t i o n s , should uded: wind speed, wind d i r e c t i o n ,

temperature, r e l a t i v e humidity or dew p o i n t , and barometric pressure. The data may be averaged or p r e s e n t e d i n a n h o u r l y format.

  • Federal Emergency Management Agency, "Outdoor Warning Systems G u i d e , " CFG 1-17 , March 1 , 1980.

The reasonableness of t h e method f o r determining t h e s i r e n sound o u t p u t and 'thG r e s u l t i n g s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e level c o n t o u r s should be documented i n t h e design r e p o r t . The v a l i d i t y of t h e sound p r e s s u r e level contour c a l c u l a t i o n depends upon t h e v a l i d i t y of t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of s i r e n sound o u t p u t a t 1 0 0 f e e t from t h e s i r e n . There are a t l e a s t two ways t o determine s i r e n sound o u t p u t :

O n s i t e f i e l d measurements around a t l e a s t one of each type of s i r e n used w i t h i n t h e EPZ: or Anechoic, semi-anechoic, or r e v e r b e r a t i o n chamber t e s t s i n a q u a l i f i e d l a b o r a t o r y on s i r e n s t h a t are repre-s e n t a t i v e of each type of s i r e n used w i t h i n t h e EPZ.

Since consensus s t a n d a r d s are not a v a i l a b l e f o r f i e l d and chamber s i r e n measurements, the r a t i o n a l e for *-the employed measurement procedures m u s t be d e t a i l e d i n t h e design report.

The design r e p o r t should provide a l i s t of a l l s i r e n s and should c o n t a i n t h e f ollowing information for each s i r e n : unique iden-t i f i e r , s i r e n type, sound o u t p u t i n dBC a t 1 0 0 feet, and mounting h e i g h t .

The design report demonstrates compliance with NUREG-0654/

FEMA-REP-I, Revision 1, c r i t e r i a f o r t h o s e geographical areas covered by f i x e d sirens by showing t h a t e i t h e r :

. The expected s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l g e n e r a l l y exceeds 70 dBC where t h e p o p u l a t i o n exceeds 2,000 p e r s o n s per s q u a r e mile and 60 dBC i n other i n h a b i t e d areas: or

. The expected s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e level g e n e r a l l y exceeds t h e average measured summer daytime ambient sound pressure l e v e l s by 1 0 d B (geographical areas w i t h less t h a n 2,000 persons per s q u a r e m i l e ) .

If t h e design r e p o r t documents t h a t t h e s i r e n sound pressure levels exceed a measured ambient by 1 0 dB, t h e n t h e f o l l o w i n g information s h o u l d be provided:

I E- 8 I I

1

. A d e s c r i p t i o n of how t h e average summer daytime ambient sound pressure l e v e l s were determined, i n c l u d i n g survey 1

l o c a t i o n s and t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r s e l e c t i o n ;

. I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of actual measurements i n c l u d i n g f re-quency range, t i m e span, and l o c a t i o n ;

. Any assumptions used t o determine t h e measured ambient a l o n g w i t h r a t i o n a l e f o r t h o s e assumptions;

. R e l a t i o n s h i p s of p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y t o measured ambient levels;

. E f f e c t s of major t r a n s p o r t a t i o n r o u t e s ; and

. Effects of any commercial a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e area.

If t h e estimated s i r e n sound pressure l e v e l does n o t g e n e r a l l y meet t h e specified level based on e i t h e r p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y or a 10 dB d i f f e r e n t i a l between t h e measured average summer daytime ambient sound pressure l w e i and t h e e s t i m a t e d s i r e n sound pres-sure level, the s i r e n system should be enhanced by the a d d i t i o n of s i r e n s or by o t h e r a l e r t i n g methods. These methods must be described i n t h e design r e p o r t .

Once t h e s i r e n system is i n s t a l l e d and o p e r a t i o n a l , t h e l i c e n s e e

  • should develop and implement a r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g and opera-b i l i t y program (see Appendix 4: A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and O p e r a b i l i t y Requirements) .

This r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g and o p e r a b i l i t y program s h o u l d i n c l u d e r e g u l a r l y scheduled t e s t i n g of t h e s i r e n system-i n c l u d i n g b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o : s i l e n t , growl, and f u l l - s c a l e tests. NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l, Revision 1I suggests t h e following frequency:

. S i l e n t tests should be conducted a t l e a s t every two w e e k. s..;

. .

. G r o w l tests should be conducted a t l e a s t q u a r t e r l y and whenever p r e v e n t i v e maintenance i s performed;

_ -

Full-scale t e s t i n g should be conducted a t l e a s t a n n u a l l y and as required f o r formal exercises; and E-9

. Other s i r e n t e s t i n g programs w i l l be reviewed on a case-by- case basi s .

The maintenance of t h e s i r e n system should i n c l u d e prompt repair of any components n o t performing as expected d u r i n g a test.

T h i s maintenance program should a l s o i n c l u d e records of t e s t s and repairs performed. The o p e r a b i l i t y of a s i r e n system is i considered acceptable when a n average of 90% of t h e s i r e n s ( a s determined by a simple average of &J. r e g u l a r l y conducted t e s t s )

c a n be demonstrated as being f u n c t i o n a l over t h e 12-month p e r i o d immediately preceding t h e submittal of t h e design r e p o r t .

Special c o n d i t i o n s (e.g., s i r e n systems t h a t have n o t been o p e r a t i o n a l f o r 12 months) w i l l be considered on a case-by-case basis. A d e s c r i p t i o n of the r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g procedures and a summary of t h e operability records s h o u l d be included i n t h e design r e p o r t . T h i s summary should c o n t a i n a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e computations used t o determine t h e average o p e r a b i l i t y of t h e s i r e n system.

E.6.2.2 -e Sir- V w Whenever mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s

  • are employed a s part of t h e primary a l e r t i n g system, t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r u s e should be documented i n t h e design report. A comprehensive d e s c r i p t i o n of the i n d i v i d u a l mobile . s i r e n c'.o n f i g u r a t i o n ( s ) and r o u t i n e s i r e n d A I-t e s t i n g procedures and operability program (see Appendix 4: A Summary of Design Report Routine S i r e n T e s t i n g Procedures and O p e r a b i l i t y Requirements) should also be i n c l u d e d i n t h e design r e p o r t . T h i s d e s c r i p t i o n should s p e c i f y those aspects of t h e
  • Mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s , as discussed i n t h i s s e c t i o n of t h e guide, are d e d i c a t e d warning v e h i c l e s and do e include p o l i c e , fire, o r reskue v e h i c l e s . For acceptance c r i t e r i a r e l a t e d t o t h e use of p o l i c e , fire, or rescue vehicles, see s e c t i o n E . 6 . 2 . 4 of t h i s guide, "Special Alerting."

E-1 0

siren d e s i g n e n s u r i n g t h a t t h e mobile siren v e h i c l e is r e c o g n i z e d by t h e p u b l i c a s part of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system rather t h a n m i s t a k e n f o r an emergency v e h i c l e r e q u i r i n g c l e a r a n c e of t h e roadway.

Furthermore, sound a t t e n u a t i o n computations s h o u l d be i n c l u d e d i n t h e d e s i g n r e p o r t . These sound a t t e n u a t i o n computations s h o u l d be made i n o r d e r t o p r e d i c t d i s t a n c e s , perpendicular t o t h e v e h i c l e ' s d i r e c t i o n of t r a v e l , where 6 0 dBC and 70 dBC sound pressure l e v e l s occur. The a t t e n u a t i o n c a l c u l a t i o n s for mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s , a d e s c r i p t i o n of how t h e sound pressure l e v e l d i s t a n c e s a r e c a l c u l a t e d , and a d i s c u s s i o n of how a v e h i c l e ' s planned speed p r o v i d e s a n e f f e c t i v e s i g n a l d u r a t i o n t o a l e r t t h e i n t e n d e d p o p u l a t i o n s h o u l d be i n c l u d e d i n t h e d e s i g n r e p o r t .

Furthermore, t h e d e s i g n r e p o r t s h o u l d i n c l u d e a d e s c r i p t i o n ,

i i n c l u d i n g any assumptions made, of any a n a l y s e s o r c a l c u l a t i o n s n e c e s s a r y t o v e r i f y t h a t i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n t h e mobile a l e r t areas can be provided a n a l e r t s i g n a l and i n f o r m a t i o n a l message w i t h i n 15 m i n u t e s of t h e i n i t i a l d e c i s i o n t o a c t i v a t e ( o r w i t h i n 45 minutes of such d e c i s i o n when t h e d e s i g n o b j e c t i v e is t o e n s u r e coverage of a p o p u l a t i o n who may n o t have r e c e i v e d t h e i n i t i a l notification) . Such c a l c u l a t i o n s s h o u l d i n c l u d e c o n s e r v a t i v e estimates of t h e time r e q u i r e d t o e x e c u t e any n e c e s s a r y p r o c e d u r e s , t o o b t a i n o r p o s i t i o n any n e c e s s a r y equipnent, and t o c o n s e r v a t i v e l y estimate equipment capa-b i l i t i e s . When t h e i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t system does n o t d i r e c t l y c o n t r o l t h e n e c e s s a r y e q u i p n e n t o r p e r s o n n e l r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t system, t h e design r e p o r t should c o n t a i n or reference suitable w r i t t e n agreements. These w r i t t e n agreements s h o u l d e n s u r e t h a t t h e i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i o n can place s u c h equipment o r p e r s o n n e l under h i s o r her c o n t r o l w i t h i n t h e times estimated i n the d e s i g n r e p o r t .

The g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s covered by mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s s h o u l d be c l e a r l y d e l i n e a t e d on t h e map(s) submitted w i t h t h e design E-11

..

r e p o r t (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map R e q u i r e -

ments). The proposed r o u t e and e l a p s e d time (measured from t h e i n i t i a l t i m e of a l e r t ) of each v e h i c l e a l o n g i t s r o u t e should be shown i n t h e design r e p o r t . The geographical areas a l o n g t h e r o u t e s should be covered by sound pressure levels a s i n d i c a t e d below:

. Areas w i t h p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t i e s below 2,000 p e r s o n s per square m i l e , e q u a l t o o r above 6 0 dBC; and

. Areas w i t h p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t i e s above 2,000 p e r s o n s per square m i l e , e q u a l t o o r above 7 0 dBC.

I n accordance w i t h t h i s guide's d i s c u s s i o n of f i x e d s i r e n s (see s e c t i o n E.6.2.1, "Fixed S i r e n s " ) , t h e design* r e p o r t should s t a t e when t h e ambient background n o i s e l e v e l has been , _

determined t o be l e s s t h a n 50 dBC. The mobile s i r e n coverage should be computed and depicted t o show coverage a t l e a s t 1 0 dB above t h e average measured outdoor daytime ambient.

If t h e design r e p o r t d e p i c t s mobile s i r e n sound pressure l e v e l s exceeding t h e average measured outdoor daytime ambient by 1 0 dB, t h e f o l l o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n should be provided:

A d e s c r i p t i o n of how t h e average summer daytime ambient sound pressure l e v e l s were determined, i n c l u d i n g survey l o c a t i o n s .and t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r s e l e c t i o n ;

I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of actual measurements i n c l u d i n g f re-quency range, t i m e span, and l o c a t i o n ;

Any assumptions used t o determine t h e measured ambient a l o n g w i t h t h e r a t i o n a l e for t h e s e assumptions; R e l a t i o n s h i p s of p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y t o measured ambient I levels; E f f e c t s of major t r a n s p o r t a t i o n r o u t e s ; and I

E f f e c t s of any commercial a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e a r e a .

I n summary, mobiie s i r e n v e h i c l e s s a t i s f y NUREG-0654/FEMA-REF-1 I Revision 1, c r i t e r i a when:

E-12 i

1

. The expected s i r e n sound pr'essure l e v e l g e n e r a l l y exceeds 70 dBC where t h e p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y exceeds 2,000 p e r s o n s per square mile and 60 dBC i n o t h e r inhabited a r e a s :

The expected s i r e n sound pressure l e v e l g e n e r a l l y exceeds t h e average measured summer daytime ambient sound pressure l e v e l s by 1 0 dB (geographical a r e a s w i t h l e s s t h a n 2,000 persons per square m i l e ) ; o r

. The sound produced by a mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e i s of such n a t u r e and d u r a t i o n along i t s r o u t e t h a t it can be c l e a r l y recognized by the p u b l i c a s a part of a nuclear power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

Total elapsed t i m e f o r mobile siren a l e r t i n g ( i n c l u d i n g v e h i c l e t r a n s i t . t i m e t o i n i t i a t i o n of t h e r o u t e ) s h o u l d n o t exceed 45 minutes when t h e design o b j e c t i v e of t h e mobile s i r e n usage i s t o ensure coverage of the population who may not have received the i n i t i a l notification, E.6.2.3 -w A tone a l e r t r a d i o i s defined i n t h i s guide as a r a d i o r e c e i v e r containing c i r c u i t r y that allows t h e r a d i o t o r e c e i v e a s i g n a l t h a t can a c t i v a t e an a u d i b l e tone and provide a voice message.

If tone a l e r t r a d i o s are proposed as part ( o r a l l ) of a nuclear power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system, the r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e i r use should be included i n t h e design report. The design r e p o r t should a l s o c o n t a i n a d e s c r i p t i o n of the tone alert r a d i o ( s ) u t i l i z e d , i n c l u d i n g : t h e manufacturer, the model num-ber, any o p e r a t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s , and photographs. The geograph-ical area covered by tone a l e r t r a d i o s m u s t be i n d i c a t e d on t h e map(s) s u b m i t t e d w i t h t h e design report (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements) ,

Although a b s o l u t e* c o- .n. t r o l of tone 'alert r a d i o s is f o r f e i t e d once I,

they are -given t o t h e public ' f o r u s e i n residences, t h e following s t e p s can be taken t o ensure t h a t t h e p u b l i c ( i n geographical a r e a s where t h e r a d i o s are used as a primary a l e r t i n g method) is _offergd the opportunity t o b e n e f i t from the r.

E-i-3

a v a i l a b i l i t y of t o n e a l e r t radios. A t a minimum, an e f f e c t i v e and c o n t i n u a l tone a l e r t r a d i o d i s t r i b u t i o n and maintenance program should be e s t a b l i s h e d t h a t i n c l u d e s t h e following:

. Tone a l e r t r a d i o s should be o f f e r e d t o t h e p u b l i c i n g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s (where needed) and a " b e s t - e f f o r t "

a t t e m p t m u s t be made t o p l a c e the r a d i o s . A r e c o r d system (register) c o n t a i n i n g an accurate l i s t of a d d r e s s e s (names are o p t i o n a l ) must be maintained for t h o s e geographical a r e a s using t h e tone a l e r t r a d i o s .

The addresses of residents r e f u s i n g t o n e a l e r t r a d i o s s h o u l d also be noted.

. A maintenance program o f f e r i n g o p e r a t i n g c h e c k s should be a v a i l a b l e a t l e a s t a n n u a l l y t o t h e p u b l i c i n geograph-i c a l a r e a s using t h e . t o n e a l e r t r a d i o s . This mainten-ance program and t h e r e g i s t e r program (mentioned above) may be i n t e g r a t e d .

. Tests o f f e r i n g t h e p u b l i c a means t o s e l f - t e s t i t s receivers are d e s i r e d a t least monthly. However, a f i n a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n of t e s t i n g frequency rests w i t h a p p r o p r i a t e s t a t e and l o c a l government o f f i c i a l s . These test results need n o t be monitored.

. W r i t t e n guidance should accompany t h e tone a l e r t radio.

These i n s t r u c t i o n s should a d d r e s s , where a p p l i c a b l e , a tone a l e r t r a d i o ' s :

- General usage;

- S e l f - t e s t i n g frequency and method;

- Suggested l o c a t i o n ( t o f a c i l i t a t e e f f i c i e n t monitoring) ;

- Maintenance program; and

- Telephone numbers f o r repair or replacements.

AS a reminder, t h i s w r i t t e n guidance should be provided a n n u a l l y t o each tone a l e r t r a d i o recipient. This por-t i o n of t h e tone a l e r t program may also be i n t e g r a t e d

.

w i t h t h e r e g i s t e r and maintenance programs (mentioned above)

. A d e t e r m i n a t i o n should be made t h a t t h e broadcast medium f o r i n i t i a t i n g t h e tone a l e r t s i g n a l has adequate a v a i l a -

b i l i t y ( 2 4 hours0.167 days <br />0.0238 weeks <br />0.00548 months <br /> a day, 7 days a w e e k ) , s i g n a l s t r e n g t h ,

and s i g n a l q u a l i t y .

E-1 4

When a tone a l e r t program ( a s d e f i n e d above) h a s been imple-mented, NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-lI Revision I, c r i t e r i a are s a t i s f i e d f o r t h e t o n e a l e r t p o r t i o n of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

E.6.2.4 Alerting A s i n d i c a t e d i n NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1, Appendix 3 c e r t a i n a l e r t i n g methods may be more c o s t e f f e c t i v e t h a n s i r e n s ,

mobile s i r e n v e h i c l e s , o r tone a l e r t radios. Since s p e c i a l a l e r t i n g methods encompass a broad v a r i e t y of i n n o v a t i v e a l e r t -

ing t e c h n i q u e s , it is n o t p o s s i b l e t o cover all s i t u a t i o n s w i t h i n t h i s guide. The f o l l o w i n g examples provide only g e n e r a l guidance r e g a r d i n g special a l e r t i n g methods:

. U s e of i n s t i t u t i o n a l a l e r t i n g mechanisms (e.g., i n s c h o o l s , factories, h o s p i t a l s , shopping c e n t e r s , j a i l s ,

h o t e l s , motels, c e n t r a l i z e d off ices, r e c r e a t i o n a l areas, and government and military i n s t a l l a t i o n s ) i

. Use of a i r c r a f t for a l e r t i n g (equipped w i t h e i t h e r l o u d s p e a k e r s or l e a f l e t s ) ;

. U s e of automatic telephone d i a l e r s / s w i t c h i n g equipnent ;

. U s e of modulated power l i n e s ; or

. U s e of p o l i c e , f i r e , and rescue (emergency) v e h i c l e s or personnel (e.g., i n a n extremely s p a r s e l y populated

'area, it may be more cost effective t o have law

..,-- enforcement, f i r e p r o t e c t i o n , rescue, or o t h e r personnel alert households by a v e h i c l e ' s p u b l i c a d d r e s s o r s i r e n system, o r by personal c o n t a c t ) .

E.6.2.4.1 -a1 ~ c c e t ~ t a n cCer i t e r i a For

- S Methods The design r e p o r t should i n c l u d e a detailed d e s c r i p t i o n of each special a l e r t i n g method and t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r employing t h i s method as a proposed part (or all) of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e map(s) s u b m i t t e d w i t h t h e design

r e p o r t (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements) must i n d i c a t e t h e areas alerted by the special method(s) . The design r e p o r t should a l s o c o n t a i n a d e s c r i p t i o n ,

i n c l u d i n g any assumptions made, of any a n a l y s e s or c a l c u l a t i o n s necessary t o v e r i f y t h a t i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n a s p e c i a l a l e r t i n g area can be provided a n a l e r t s i g n a l and i n f o r m a t i o n a l message w i t h i n 1 5 minutes of t h e i n i t i a l d e c i s i o n t o a c t i v a t e (or w i t h i n 45 minutes of such d e c i s i o n when t h e design o b j e c t i v e is t o e n s u r e coverage of a p o p u l a t i o n who m a y not have r e c e i v e d t h e i n i t i a l alert and n o t i f i c a t i o n ) . Such c a l c u l a t i o n s should i n c l u d e c o n s e r v a t i v e estimates of t h e t i m e required t o execute any necessary procedures and t o o b t a i n or p o s i t i o n any necessary equipnent and should c o n s e r v a t i v e l y estimate equipment capabilities. When t h e i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system does n o t d i r e c t l y c o n t r o l t h e necessary equipment or personnel r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i o n , t h e design r e p o r t should c o n t a i n or r e f e r e n c e a p p l i c a b l e w r i t t e n agreements. These w r i t t e n agreements should e n s u r e t h a t t h e i n d i v i d u a l r e s p o n s i b l e for a c t i v a t i o n can p l a c e such e q u i p e n t o r personnel under h i s or h e r c o n t r o l w i t h i n t h e times estimated i n the design r e p o r t .

The design report should also d i s c u s s t h e t e s t i n g and main-tenance of any equipment necessary t o employ a special a l e r t i n g method. I n g e n e r a l , full-scale equipment t e s t i n g s h o u l d be conducted a t l e a s t annually. Routine use of t h i s equipment or t h e s e procedures (independent of their u t i l i z a t i o n as a part of an a l e r t a n n o t i f i c a t i o n system) demonstrating a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system capabilities may be considered t o be a n a c c e p t a b l e test .

For t h o s e special a l e r t i n g methods i n v o l v i n g t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n of e q u i p e n t ( o t h e r t h a n t o n e a l e r t r a d i o s a s covered i n t h i s g u i d e ' s s e c t i o n E . 6 . 2 . 3 , "Tone Alert Radios") t o t h e p u b l i c , a special a l e r t i n g program should make a " b e s t - e f f o r t " attempt t o p l a c e this equipment or information. This e f f o r t should i n c l ude :

"

  • E-1 6

. A record system (register) c o n t a i n i n g an accurate l i s t of addresses (names are o p t i o n a l ) i n t h e g e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a (s) where t h e e q u i p e n t or i n f o r m a t i o n i s needed;

. A r e c o r d of addresses where such e q u i p e n t or i n f o r -

mation is o f f e r e d t o and refused by the r e s i d e n t s ; and

. An ongoing maintenance program, a v a i l a b l e t o a l l resi-dences w i t h i n t h e affected a r e a s , o f f e r i n g equipment o p e r a t i n g checks.

Necessary w r i t t e n guidance should accompany t h e e q u i p e n t . This guidance should address, i f a p p l i c a b l e :

. General usage;

. Suggested placement t o f a c i l i t a t e e f f i c i e n t u s e ;

. Details of the maintenance program, i n c l u d i n g self tests, if a p p r o p r i a t e ; and

. Telephone numbers f o r e q u i p e n t repair or replacement.

T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n s h o u l d be provided a n n u a l l y as a reminder t o each equipment holder. Any o t h e r necessary special information should a l s o be r e d i s t r i b u t e d annually. Register update and main-tenance and p u b l i c information programs c a n be i n t e g r a t e d w i t h this w r i t t e n guidance.

E.6.2.4.2 Use o f u t i t u - Svst-I n a d d i t i o n t o meeting t h e general acceptance c r i t e r i a f o r special a l e r t i n g systems, i n s t i t u t i o n a l a l e r t i n g methods used as a p a r t of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system s h o u l d have a n e f f e c t i v e and c o n t i n u a l program t h a t , a t a minimum, encompasses t h e following:

. S p e c i f i c a t i o n of those o r g a n i z a t i o n s and t h e i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h i n t h o s e o r g a n i z a t i o n s , by t i t l e , r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the i n s t i t u t i o n a l a l e r t i n g system$

E-17

. D e s c r i p t i o n of the. procedures employed t o n o t i f y t h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s t h a t t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system is t o be a c t i v a t e d : and

. D i s t r i b u t i o n of special information t o n o t i f y t h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s of t h e i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o activ ate t h e e x i s t i n g i n s t i t u t i o n a l a l e r t i n g system, including, where a p p r o p r i a t e (e.g. , f o r h o t e l s , motels, and shopping c e n t e r s ) , guidance on t h e most e f f e c t i v e method of a l e r t i n g system a c t i v a t i o n o r o t h e r s u p p o r t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n (e.g., p u b l i c i n f o r m a t i o n s t i c k e r s o r posters).

E.6.2.4.3 Use of-ft for A l w I n some geographical areas (e.g., h i k i n g t r a i l s and hunting and f i s h i n g areas) , prompt a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n may not be f e a s -

i b l e except by employing a i r c r a f t equipped w i t h powerful sound systems or by dropping prepared l e a f l e t s .

I n a d d i t i o n t o meeting special a l e r t i n g system general a c c e p t a n c e c r i t e r i a , t h e design report should describe t h e u s e of a i r c r a f t f o r a l e r t i n g a s follows:

The sound system, i f any, t o be employed i n a l e r t i n g t h e public v i a a i r c r a f t should be described. The design r e p o r t should i n c l u d e a n a n a l y s i s demonstrating t h a t t h e sound system can provide a n i n t e l l i g i b l e a l e r t i n g s i g n a l a t ground level throughout t h e geographical area r e q u i r i n g coverage.

. The system and procedures e s t a b l i s h e d f o r dropping l e a f l e t s s h o u l d be discussed. The design r e p o r t should i n d i c a t e t h e manner and l o c a t i o n i n which t h e l e a f l e t s are stored, t h e individual responsible f o r ensuring t h a t t h e y are l o a d e d o n t o t h e a i r c r a f t , and t h e time required t o l o a d t h e l e a f l e t s o n t o t h e aircraft. The d e s i g n r e p o r t should a l s o i n c l u d e a n a n a l y s i s or c a l c u l a t i o n demonstrating t h a t t h e employed procedures are l i k e l y t o provide adequate coverage of the geographical area t o be a l e r t e d by aircraft.

. The a i r f i e l d and s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n f o r t h e a i r c r a f t and i t s d i s t a n c e from t h e area t o be covered should be specified. S p e c i f i c a l l y , t h e design report a n a l y s i s of t h e time r e q u i r e d t o a l e r t i n d i v i d u a l s should i n c l u d e ,

among o t h e r p e r t i n e n t f a c t o r s , t h e amount of time required:

E-1 8

- To n o t i f y the p i l o t or a l t e r n a t e , who is a v a i l a b l e 2 4 hours0.167 days <br />0.0238 weeks <br />0.00548 months <br /> a day, 7 d a y s a week:

- For the pilot t o reach the a i r c r a f t ;

- To p r e p a r e t h e a i r c r a f t f o r f l i g h t ;

- For t h e a i r c r a f t t o t a k e o f f ; and

- For t h e a i r c r a f t t o reach t h e a r e a t o be a l e r t e d .

E.6.2.4.4 yse of AutqIILi)tiC -T Dialers/Switchina

&um=k Another a v a i l a b l e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n method is a system t h a t a u t o m a t i c a l l y d i a l s p r e s e l e c t e d t e l e p h o n e numbers and p l a y s a recorded emergency announcement when t h e telephone is answered.

After a f i x e d number of r i n g s , t h e next number is d i a l e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y , w i t h t h e unanswered numbers redialed a t t h e end of t h e queue. Other telephone systems a v a i l a b l e connect directly t o t e l e p h o n e exchange equipment, can c a l l 1 0 0 , 1 , 0 0 0 ,

or more s t a t i o n s simultaneously, and may employ a special r i n g c o n d i t i o n (e.g., a half-second r i n g followed by a two-second pause), a recorded v o i c e , o r a l i v e v o i c e message.

I n a d d i t i o n t o meeting s p e c i a l a l e r t i n g system g e n e r a l a c c e p tance c r i t e r i a , t h e design r e p o r t should describe a u t o m a t i c telephone d i a l e r s / s w i t c h i n g equipaent as. follows:

.

1 The type, manufacturer, and g e n e r a l o p e r a t i n g concepts of t h e a u t o m a t i c telephone d i a l e r s o r s w i t c h i n g equip-ment employed s h o u l d be specified. If a s e q u e n t i a l a u t o m a t i c dialer is used, t h e design r e p o r t should i n c l u d e a c a l c u l a t i o n of t o t a l time required t o c y c l e once through t h e queue under both "worst-case" c o n d i t i o n s (e.g., a l l respondents answer on t h e l a s t r i n g b e f o r e r e d i a l ) and "expected" c o n d i t i o n s . The design r e p o r t "should a l s o p r e s e n t t h e r a t i o n a l e f o r sequencing t h e :numbers in t h e queue. Measures t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e telephone system does n o t f a i l due t o t r a f f i c (subscriber) o v e r l o a d i n g p r i o r t o a t l e a s t one complete c y c l e through t h e queue should a l s o be discussed. If simultaneous a l e r t c a l l i n g i s used, t h e design r e p o r t should d i s c u s s p r o v i s i o n s t o e n s u r e t h a t "busy l i n e s " a t E-19,

.

  • the t i m e t h e system is a c t i v a t e d are alerted. Measures t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e telephone system does n o t f a i l due t o t r a f f i c ( s u b s c r i b e r ) overloading d u r i n g t h i s a l e r t c a l l should a l s o be discussed i n t h e design r e p o r t .

E.6.2.4.5 Jse of Modulated PQbrer Lines Electrical power l i n e s can be used as another a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n method t o t r a n s m i t information by adding a modulated carrier frequency i n t o t h e standard 60-cycle-per-second frequency used f o r power transmission, Transmitted information can perform a v a r i e t y of f u n c t i o n s (e.g., t u r n on a water h e a t e r , a c t i v a t e a device t h a t reads t h e electric meter and t r a n s m i t s t h e reading back t o t h e u t i l i t y , r i n g a bell)

Such a system can be modified t o a c t i v a t e a v a r i e t y of a l e r t i n g devices, i n c l u d i n g a n e l e c t r i c a l l y d r i v e n horn, a warning l i g h t ,

or a buzzer. If used as a part of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system, a modulated power l i n e system should meet s p e c i a l a l e r t i n g system general acceptance c r i t e r i a .

I n very i s o l a t e d a r e a s , t h e most c o s t - e f f e c t i v e means of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n may employ p o l i c e , f i r e , or rescue v e h i c l e s and personnel t o a l e r t i n d i v i d u a l households, either v i a a v e h i c l e ' s p u b l i c address or s i r e n system or by i n d i v i d u a l l y c o n t a c t i n g members of a household. This use of p o l i c e , f i r e , or rescue v e h i c l e s and personnel may also be a c o s t - e f f e c t i v e method of a l e r t i n g i n d i v i d u a l s in small populated a r e a s , such as p a r k s ,

where seasonal and d i u r n a l v a r i a t i o n s i n a p o p u l a t i o n make a f i x e d s i r e n system l e s s c o s t effective.

I n a d d i t i o n t o meeting special a l e r t i n g system acceptance cri-t e r i a , t h e design r e p o r t should describe t h e u s e of p o l i c e ,

f i r e , or rescue vehicles and personnel as follows:

E-20

. The a l e r t i n g procedures t o be followed;

. The geographical areas t o be covered; and

. The routes t o be used.

These r o u t e s should be c l e a r l y d e l i n e a t e d on t h e map(s) sub-m i t t e d w i t h t h e d e s i g n r e p o r t (see Appendix 2: A Summary of Design Report Map Requirements). A proposed r o u t e and elapsed t i m e (measured from the i n i t i a l t i m e of alert) s h o u l d be shown for each v e h i c l e on each route. The d e s i g n r e p o r t should a l s o account f o r t h e t r a n s i t time of each v e h i c l e t o t h e i n i t i a t i o n of its route and t h e time required for a v e h i c l e t o slow or pause t o a l e r t a n i n d i v i d u a l household. Total elapsed time f o r a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n using p o l i c e , f i r e , o r rescue v e h i c l e s and personnel should n o t exceed 15 minutes (or 4 5 minutes, when t h e design o b j e c t i v e of r o u t e a l e r t i n g is t o e n s u r e coverage of a p o p u l a t i o n who may not have received t h e i n i t i a l alert and notification) .

CHAPTER 2 NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-1, REVISION 1, PLANNING STANDARD F -

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS

-

p l a n n i n u S tandard F i n NURM; 0 6 5 4 / F E u F ! p - 1 , - w o n L reauires:

" P r o v i s i o n s e x i s t for prompt communications among p r i n c i p a l response o r g a n i z a t i o n s t o emergency personnel and t o the-pub1 ic. "

Eva-1 C r i t e r i o n F.1 i n P1-a S ta F rwuires t h a t :

"The communication p l a n s for emergencies s h a l l i n c l u d e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l t i t l e s and a l t e r n a t e s for both ends of t h e communication l i n k s . Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l e s t a b l i s h r e l i a b l e primary and backup means of communication for licensees, local, and S t a t e response o r g a n i z a t i o n s . Such systems should be selected t o be compatible w i t h one another. Each p l a n s h a l l include:

a. p r o v i s i o n for 24-hour per day n o t i f i c a t i o n t o and acti-v a t i o n of the S t a t e / l o c a l emergency response network; and a t a minimum, a telephone l i n k and a l t e r n a t e , in-c l u d i n g 24-hour per day manning of communications l i n k s t h a t i n i t i a t e emergency response actions.
b. p r o v i s i o n f o r communications w i t h [contiguous] State/

l o c a l governments w i t h i n t h e Emergency Planning Zones;

c. p r o v i s i o n for communications as needed w i t h Federal emer-

- gency response o r g a n i z a t i o n s :

d. p r o v i s i o n f o r communications between t h e n u c l e a r fa-c i l i t y and t h e licensee's near-site Emergency Operations F a c i l i t y , State and l o c a l emergency o p e r a t i o n s centers, and r a d i o l o g i c a l monitoring teams:
e. p r o v i s i o n for a l e r t i n g or a c t i v a t i n g emergency personnel i n each response o r g a n i z a t i o n : and
f. p r o v i s i o n f o r communication by t h e l i c e n s e e w i t h NRC h e a d q u a r t e r s and NRC Regional Off ice Emergency Opera-t i o n s Centers and t h e l i c e n s e e ' s n e a r - s i t e Emergency O p e r a t i o n s F a c i l i t y and r a d i o l o g i c a l monitoring team assembly area, F-1

F - 1 . 1 Areas of RevieJd Review under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n F.l a d d r e s s e s whether a primary and a secondary means of communication e x i s t from t h e Emergency Response F a c i l i t i e s through t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system's implementing c h a i n t o a n o f f i c i a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t system.

F.1.2 Bcceptance C r i t e r i a An acceptable emergency p l a n under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n F . l i

should p r o v i d e a clear d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e primary and secondary means of communication, from t h e l i c e n s e e ' s Emergency Response F a c i l i t i e s through a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system's imple-menting c h a i n t o t h e o f f i c i a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g t h e a l e r t system, t h a t meets t h e f o l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a :

. Coveraae: The primary and secondary means of communi-c a t i o n must provide t h e c a p a b i l i t y f o r a 24-hour-per-day n o t i f i c a t i o n from t h e l i c e n s e e ' s Emergency Response F a c i l i t i e s t o t h e o f f i c i a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r making t h e d e c i s i o n t o activate t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

The primary and secondary means of communication must a l s o provide t h e c a p a b i l i t y f o r a 24-hour-per-day n o t i f i c a t i o n from these o f f i c i a l s t o t h o s e i n d i v i d u a l s responsible f o r t h e actual a c t i v a t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

. N e t C o w : To e n s u r e effective use, communi c a t i o n s n e t d i sci p l i ne, and communi c a t i o n s a v a i l a b i l i t y , one l o c a t i o n on each communications n e t should be a s s i g n e d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for n e t c o n t r o l and a n i a l t e r n a t e should be assigned.

. ons Svstem Av-itv gnd R s t a t i o n s and p o i n t s on t h e network a n d communication W  : All l i n k a g e m u s t provide a c a p a b i l i t y f o r immediate dissemination, r e c e i p t , and acknowledgment of a l e r t and warning messages on a 24-hour-per-day basis. O r a l message communications should be supported by w r i t t e n (e.g.8 t e l e x o r t e l e f a x ) v e r i f i c a t i o n . A primary or secondary means of communication should be able t o f u n c t i o n notwithstanding adverse environmental c o n d i t i o n s , such as f l o o d s and power outages. A t l e a s t one of those means of communication should n o t be s u b j e c t t o pre-emption f o r lower p r i o r i t y purposes o r F-2

f o r f a i l u r e due t o t r a f f i c (subscriber) overloading. A primary and secondary means of communication should be selected so t h a t they do n o t have common f a i l u r e modes under adverse environmental c o n d i t i o n s .

. 3  : Design of communications systems and p r o c e d u r e s should t a k e i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n t h a t a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n i s h i g h l y sen-s i t i v e and, i f monitored o r i n t e r c e p t e d by u n a u t h o r i z e d personnel, is subject t o m i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t can lead t o u n d e s i r a b l e and c o u n t e r p r o d u c t i v e r e a c t i o n s .

i F-3

CHAPTER 3 NUREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1 REVISION 1 PLANNING STANDARD N - EXERCISES AND DRILLS Planning S tandard N i n NUREG-0654/FEMAP-1, - w o n 1.

r e a w e s that:

" P e r i o d i c e x e r c i s e s are ( w i l l be) conducted t o e v a l u a t e major p o r t i o n s of emergency response c a p a b i l i t i e s , p e r i o d i c d r i l l s are ( w i l l be) conducted t o develop and m a i n t a i n key s k i l l s , and d e f i c i e n c i e s i d e n t i f i e d as a r e s u l t of exer-cises or d r i l l s are ( w i l l be) c o r r e c t e d . m Evaluation C r i t e ~ ~N.1.a w Fn,-a Sd

- N r e a a r e s that:

"An exercise i s a n event t h a t tests t h e integrated capa-b i l i t y and a major p o r t i o n of t h e basic elements e x i s t i n g w i t h i n emergency preparedness p l a n s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s . The emergency p r e p a r e d n e s s e x e r c i s e s h a l l s i m u l a t e an emergency t h a t r e s u l t s i n o f f s i t e r a d i o l o g i c a l releases which would require r e s p o n s e by o f f s i t e a u t h o r i t i e s . Exercises s h a l l be conducted as set f o r t h i n NRC and FEMA rules."

es th&:

"An e x e r c i s e s h a l l i n c l u d e m o b i l i z a t i o n of State and l o c a l personnel and r e s o u r c e s a d e q u a t e t o v e r i f y t h e c a p a b i l i t y t o respond t o an a c c i d e n t s c e n a r i o r e q u i r i n g response. The o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l provide f o r a c r i t i q u e of t h e annual e x e r c i s e by Federal and State o b s e r v e r s / e v a l u a t o r s . The s c e n a r i o s h o u l d be v a r i e d from y e a r t o y e a r such t h a t a l l major e l e m e n t s of t h e p l a n s and p r e p a r e d n e s s o r g a n i z a t i o n s are tested w i t h i n a five-year period. Each o r g a n i z a t i o n should make p r o v i s i o n s t o s t a r t a n e x e r c i s e between 6:OO p.m. and midnight, and a n o t h e r between midnight and 6 : O O a.m. once every s i x y e a r s . E x e r c i s e s should be conducted under v a r i o u s weather c o n d i t i o n s , Some e x e r c i s e s should be unannounced.

N . 1 , (a, b) .1 AreasofS Review under E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n N.1. (a,b) a d d r e s s e s demonstration of t h e i n t e g r a t e d c a p a b i l i t y of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system c h a i n of command t o f u n c t i o n e f f e c t i v e l y from t h e t i m e a d e c i s i o n t o activate t h e system is necessary u n t i l t h e system i s a c t i v a t e d . Before recommending a n a l e r t a n d n o t i f i c a t i o n system demonstration for the purposes of conducting a p u b l i c survey, t h e requirements of Planning Standards E and F m u s t be satisfied.

N-1 t '

The s t a t i s t i c a l focus of t h e survey is p u b l i c ( r e s i d e n t i a l households) a l e r t i n g versus n o n a l e r t i n g , which i s a b i n a r y event w i t h some p r o b a b i l i t y , p, f o r a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ popu-l a t i o n . The s t a t i s t i c a l model r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e number of suc-cessful e v e n t s i n such a p r o c e s s i s t h e hypergeometric d i s -

t r i b u t i o n . Well-known s t a t i s t i c a l methods are a v a i l a b l e t o estimate a confidence i n t e r v a l f o r p, based upon a represen-t a t i v e sample of the EPZ population. I n order t o a c h i e v e a n appropriate number of responses, a sample of between 1 , 0 0 0 and 3,000 r e s i d e n c e s i s developed f o r each survey. This sample i s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s e n t i r e EPZ, and enough telephone c a l l s a r e completed and responses received t o a c h i e v e a s t a t i s t i c a l l y v a l i d sample w i t h a confidence level of 95% and a p r e c i s i o n of 5 % . Depending upon t h i s r a t i o of affirmative-to-t o t a l answers, t h e number of completed telephone c a l l s can v a r y from 250 r e s i d e n c e s t o approximately 400 r e s i d e n c e s w i t h i n a nuclear power p l a n t ' s EPZ .

A telephone survey of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s EPZ r e s i d e n t i a l households c o n s i s t s of approximately s i x q u e s t i o n s , approved by t h e O f f i c e of Management and Budget (Om) , designed t o determine:

. The v a l i d i t y of t h e r e s p o n d e n t ' s a d d r e s s and t e l e p h o n e number:

. If a respondent was aware of a nuclear power p l a n t ' s emergency a l e r t i n g s i g n a l ;

. Row a respondent was made aware of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s emergency a l e r t i n g s i g n a l :

. The l o c a t i o n ( a t home, away from home) of t h e respondent a t t h e time of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i -

c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n ; and

. If a residence received emergency i n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l regarding what t o do i n t h e event of an a c t u a l emergency a t t h e n u c l e a r power p l a n t .

The r e s u l t s of this survey are used t o i d e n t i f y aspects of an a l e r t i n g system t h a t may need enhancement.

N-4

Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.2 i n Plannina S ta n a r d N r e -a a r e s that:

"A d r i l l is a s u p e r v i s e d i n s t r u c t i o n period aimed a t test-ing, developing and maintaining s k i l l s i n a particular o p e r a t i o n . A d r i l l is o f t e n a component of an exercise.

A d r i l l s h a l l be s u p e r v i s e d and evaluated by a q u a l i f i e d d r i l l instructor. Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l conduct d r i l l s ,

i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e annual exercise a t t h e f r e q u e n c i e s i ndi ca t e d bel ow :

Communications w i t h S t a t e and l o c a l governments w i t h i n t h e plume exposure pathway Ehergency Planning Zone s h a l l be tested monthly. Communications w i t h Federal emer-gency response o r g a n i z a t i o n s and S t a t e s w i t h i n t h e i n g e s t i o n pathway s h a l l be tested q u a r t e r l y . Communi-c a t i o n s between t h e n u c l e a r f a c i l i t y , State and l o c a l emergency o p e r a t i o n s c e n t e r s , and f i e l d assessment teams s h a l l be t e s t e d annually. Communication d r i l l s s h a l l a l s o i n c l u d e t h e a s p e c t of understanding t h e c o n t e n t of messages.

N.2.1 U e a s of Review Review of a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system e f f e c t i v e n e s s under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.2 relates only t o communication drills as s p e c i f i e d i n "a." above. Communication d r i l l s should be conducted i n accordance w i t h t h e i n t e n t and schedule of Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.2 .

N.2.2 AcceDtance C r i t e r i a An a c c e p t a b l e emergency p l a n should require monthly a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system communication d r i l l s among t h e o f f i c i a l s s p e c i f i c a l l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g a n a l e r t and n o t i f i -

c a t i o n system. D r i l l s need n o t i n c l u d e c o o r d i n a t i o n or s u p p o r t Emergency Operations Center s t a f f . Drills should emphasize developing and m a i n t a i n i n g t h e c a p a b i l i t i e s of o f f i c i a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c t i v a t i n g a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

"Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l describe how e x e r c i s e s and d r i l l s a r e t o be carried o u t t o allow free play f o r d e c i s i o n making and t o meet t h e f o l l o w i n g o b j e c t i v e s . Pending t h e development of e x e r c i s e s c e n a r i o s and e x e r c i s e e v a l u a t i o n guidance by NiiC and FEMA t h e s c e n a r i o s f o r u s e i n e x e r c i s e s and d r i l l s s h a l l i n c l u d e b u t n o t be l i m i t e d , t o , t h e following:

a. The basic o b j e c t i v e ( s ) of each drill and e x e r c i s e and appropriate evaluation criteria;
b. The d a t e ( s ) , time period, p l a c e ( s ) , and p a r t i c i p a t i n g organizations;
c. The s i m u l a t e d e v e n t s ;
d. A time schedule of real and simulated i n i t i a t i n g e v e n t s ;
e. A n a r r a t i v e summary d e s c r i b i n g t h e conduct of t h e exer-cises o r d r i l l s t o i n c l u d e such t h i n g s a s s i m u l a t e d casualties, o f f s i t e f i r e department assistance, rescue of personnel, u s e of p r o t e c t i v e c l o t h i n g , deployment of r a d i o l o g i c a l monitoring teams, and p u b l i c information a c t i v i t i e s ; and f . A d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e arrangements f o r and advance materials t o be provided t o o f f i c i a l observers."

Review of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N.3 a d d r e s s e s only t h a t aspect of t h e r e q u i r e m e n t f o r developing e x e r c i s e s c e n a r i o s a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system implementing chain.

N.3.2 An a c c e p t a b l e emergency p l a n should require t h a t exercise s c e n a r i o s provide f o r a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n

( o r a s i m u l a t e d a c t i v a t i o n ) . A c t i v a t i o n ( o r a s i m u l a t e d acti-v a t i o n ) should r e s u l t from the decision-making process and should n o t r e s u l t from p r e v i o u s l y determined, s p e c i f i e d times f o r c e r t a i n e v e n t s t o occur.

Eva u  :

"Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l establish means f o r e v a l u a t i n g o b s e r v e r and p a r t i c i p a n t comments on areas needing im-provement, i n c l u d i n g emergency p l a n procedural changes, and for a s s i g n i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r impl ement i n g c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n s . Each o r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l e s t a b l i s h management c o n t r o l used t o e n s u r e t h a t c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n s a r e impl emented.

N.5.1 T h i s gudde covers E v a l u a t i o n C r i t e r i o n N . 5 as it applies t o e v a l u a t i n g o f f i c i a l federal, s t a t e , or l o c a l government observer and p a r t i c i p a n t comments concerning t h e performance of an a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system d u r i n g exercises and f o r a s s i g n i n g re-s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r implementing any m o d i f i c a t i o n s t o a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system.

N.5.2 An emergency p l a n is acceptable under Evaluation C r i t e r i o n N . 5 provided t h e method f o r e v a l u a t i n g and responding t o observer and p a r t i c i p a n t comments concerning a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n sys-t e m performance d u r i n g e x e r c i s e s meets t h e f o l l o w i n g minimum criteria :

Observer and p a r t i c i p a n t comments, recommendations, and responses ( i f a p p r o p r i a t e ) by i n d i v i d u a l s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r planning, maintenance, o r o p e r a t i o n of a n a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system should be documented.

Evaluations of observer and p a r t i c i p a n t comments and recommendations should be performed by q u a l i f i e d i n d i -

viduals. These e v a l u a t i o n s and t h e bases f o r any conclusions or recommendations should be documented.

. The results of t h e s e e v a l u a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g d i s p o s i t i o n ,

should be maintained on f i l e for review by a p p r o p r i a t e f e d e r a l , s t a t e , and l o c a l government o f f i c i a l s and li-censee personnel with the a u t h o r i t y t o take a p p r o p r i a t e corrective actions.

N-7

___.-

. The individual within each organization responsible for ensuring timely implementation of c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n s should be i d e n t i f i e d by t i t l e .

Reports documenting observer and participant comments and t h e evaluations of these comments should be retained f o r a period of a t l e a s t 5 years.

APPENDIX 1 PROCEDURES FOR PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF A DESIGN REPORT DESCRIBING ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS

APPENDIX 1 PROCEDURES FOR PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF A DESIGN REPORT DESCRIBING ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS INTRODUCCION FEMA's 44 CFR 350 final r u l e creates t h e r e g u l a t o r y framework by which FEMA evaluates and approves s t a t e and l o c a l emergency p l a n s and p r e p a r e d n e s s t o deal with a r a d i o l o g i c a l emergency a t a l i c e n s e d commercial nuclear power p l a n t . This appendix supple-ments t h e u d e f o r the E v w o n of Alert and Not-for N u c l e a r Power P l a n t s by recommending a process for s u b m i t t i n g t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n aspects of a t o t a l s t a t e emergency plan.

e -na This appendix h a s been prepared a s a n a i d t o uniformity and completeness i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n and review of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system s e c t i o n s of s t a t e / l o c a l emergency p l a n s a p p l i c a b l e t o commercial nuclear power p l a n t s . S t a t e s t h a t have previously submitted p l a n s ( o r even p r e p a r e d p l a n s f o r sub-mission) t o FEMA do not have t o restructure or resubmit those plans. I n these cases, a design r e p o r t may be prepared, addressing o n l y t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system aspects.

Cross-references t o a p p l i c a b l e documentation i n e x i s t i n g plans are encouraged.

Submitted p l a n s o r design r e p o r t s w i l l be reviewed f o r com-p l e t e n e s s on t h e basis of s i t e and system design c o n s i d e r a t i o n s r e l e v a n t . t o t h e c o n t e n t s of t h i s guide. If t h e p l a n s and design report do n o t c o n t a i n t h e required information, FEMA's review '

w i l l be delayed u n t i l such information is provided.

1-1

I m b e r of Cowi eg One copy of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system p o r t i o n of (01:

attachment t o ) the s t a t e p l a n should be submitted t o t h e appro-p r i a t e s t a t e f o r review and should be c o o r d i n a t e d w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e FEMA Regional D i r e c t o r . If a s t a t e p l a n is undergoing approval, an NRC l i c e n s e e may s t i l l s u b m i t a design report f o r review. To f a c i l i t a t e review and approval, one a d d i t i o n a l cow of the a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system p o r t i o n of

( o r attachment t o ) t h e p l a n should be submitted t o t h e C h i e f ,

F i e l d Operations Branchr Technological Hazards Division, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 500 C Street S.W., Washington, DOC.

20472.

FEMA h a s determined t h a t t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system p o r t i o n of an emergency p l a n w i l l be s u b j e c t t o p u b l i c dis-c l o s u r e . A l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n i s h i g h l y s e n s i t i v e and, i f monitored or i n t e r c e p t e d by unauthorized personnel, becomes s u b j e c t t o m i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t can l e a d t o unde-s i r a b l e and c o u n t e r p r o d u c t i v e r e a c t i o n s , Therefore, information t h a t f a c i l i t a t e s such monitoring o r i n t e r c e p t i o n should n o t be included i n t h e design report, I n particular, t h e specific r a d i o f r e q u e n c i e s and a u t h e n t i c a t i o n codes employed s h o u l d not be i d e n t i f i e d .

tibuitv E f f o r t s should be made t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system p o r t i o n of ( o r attachment t o ) t h e emergency p l a n is com-p a t i b l e w i t h o t h e r p o r t i o n s of the emergency plan. However, o t h e r s e c t i o n s of the emergency p l a n need not be p h y s i c a l l y 1-2

incorporated. An NRC l i c e n s e e can cross-reference other s e c t i o n s of an emergency plan i n t h e design report. However, FEMA encourages actual duplication of any references i n t h e design report t o f a c i l i t a t e a timely review.

1-3

. -

APPENDIX 2 A

SUMMARY

OF DESIGN REPORT MAP REQUIREMENTS

APPENDIX 2 A

SUMMARY

OF D E S I G N REPORT MAP REQUIREMENTS The design r e p o r t m u s t i n c l u d e map(s) a s required by t h i s guide. When n e c e s s a r y , t h e map(s) provided should:

. Depict t h e EPZ boundary ;

. Depict, when more t h a n one a l e r t i n g mechanism is u t i l i z e d , t h e geographical areas covered by each mechanism; and

. Depict unpopulated geographical areas t h a t a r e n o t covered by an a l e r t i n g mechanism.

Unnecessary and d u p l i c a t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n is n o t d e s i r e d . For example, i f only tone a l e r t radios are u t i l i z e d f o r a l e r t i n g t h e p u b l i c and t h e EPZ is defined by a 1 0 - m i l e radius around t h e p l a n t , no map would be required. Supplementary information, such as t h a t needed t o support r o u t e a l e r t i n g , should be provided i n t e x t form i n t h e design r e p o r t . This i n f o r m a t i o n should:

. Depict, f o r t h o s e geographical areas where f i x e d s i r e n s are u t i l i z e d , areas where t h e p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t y exceeds 2,000 p e r s o n s per s q u a r e mile and a r e a s v i r t u a l l y unpopu-lated;

. Depict, for t h o s e geographical areas where f i x e d s i r e n s are u t i l i z e d , s i r e n l o c a t i o n s and unique s i r e n i d e n t i f i e r s such t h a t t h e s i r e n l o c a t i o n s and i d e n t i f i e r s can be a c c u r a t e l y t r a n s f e r r e d t o U. S.

Geological Survey topographic maps f o r a n a l y s i s ; and

. Depict, f o r t h o s e geographical areas where f i x e d s i r e n s are u t i l i z e d , sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l c o n t o u r s of 6 0 dBC and 7 0 dBC ( n o t e t h a t 70 dBC c o n t o u r s need o n l y be shown when c o v e r i n g p o p u l a t i o n d e n s i t i e s g r e a t e r t h a n 2,000 p e r s o n s per square mile). I n cases where t h e design report shows t h e s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l exceeding a n a v e r a g e measured outdoor daytime ambient sound level ( 8 )

by 1 0 dB, d e p i c t a p p r o p r i a t e s i r e n sound p r e s s u r e level c o n t o u r s f o r t h e sound p r e s s u r e levels t h a t are 1 0 d B

.

above t h e average outdoor daytime ambient sound p r e s s u r e l e v e l (5) 2-1

APPENDIX 3 A

SUMMARY

OF THE ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SURVEY METHODOLOGY Survey Methodology 3- 1 Sample S i z e Determination 3- 4 FEMA Nuclear Power Plant Alerting and N o t i f i c a t i o n System:

Pub1 ic Telephone Survey 3- 7

APPENDIX 3 A

SUMMARY

OF THE ALERT AND NOTIFICATION SURVEY METHODOLOGY Immediately f o l l o w i n g a c t i v a t i o n of a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system as a part of a demonstration t h a t t h e system meets t h e requirements of 4 4 CFR 350.9(a) , FEMA w i l l conduct a t e l e p h o n e survey of a sample of r e s i d e n t s w i t h i n t h a t n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s emergency planning zone (EPZ) . The purpose of this survey i s t o estimate t h e p r o p o r t i o n of households w i t h i n t h e EPZ alerted by a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system. The g e n e r i c survey q u e s t i o n n a i r e approved by the Office of Management and Budget i s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s appendix.

The u n i v e r s e f o r a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s a l e r t a n d n o t i f i c a t i o n survey c o n s i s t s of all r e s i d e n t i a l I n o n - i n s t i t u t i o n a l households w i t h i n t h e EPZ. w h i l e this area is g e n e r a l l y a 1 0 - m i l e - r a d i u s circle, with t h e n u c l e a r p l a n t as t h e c e n t e r p o i n t , it may sometimes i n c l u d e areas extending beyond 1 0 miles. The l o n g i t u d i n a l and l a t i t u d i n a l c o o r d i n a t e s of t h e n u c l e a r power p l a n t , along w i t h a complete d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e s i z e and shape of t h e EPZ, are used t o i d e n t i f y t h e u n i v e r s e of households w i t h i n t h e EPZ.

When drawing a sample f o r t h e telephone survey, t h e f i r s t t a s k i s t o o b t a i n a complete s e t of detailed s t r e e t maps covering t h e survey area. These maps are u s u a l l y o b t a i n e d from county planning commissions o r l o c a l governmental agencies. Next, a l i s t of names and a d d r e s s e s (commonly r e f e r r e d t o a s t h e sample) is o b t a i n e d f o r r e s i d e n t s of households w i t h i n t h e EPZ. Given t h e l o n g i t u d e and l a t i t u d e of t h e p l a n t , along w i t h d e t a i l s of L .+'

A, 3 -1

the s i z e and shape of t h e EPZ, computerized mapping t e c h n i q u e s are used t o o b t a i n t h i s information from a data base f o r households w i t h i n t h e EPZ.

Depending on t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e a r e a , households are selected v i a census t r a c t s , block groups, enumeration d i s t r i c t s ,

z i p codes, or other geographic delimiters.

A base l i s t of households, g e o g r a p h i c a l l y ordered, is compiled, comprising a l l a v a i l a b l e addresses and telephone numbers i d e n t i f i e d w i t h i n t h e EPZ. From t h i s base l i s t , a sample of households i s s e l e c t e d i n a s y s t e m a t i c ( n t h name) f a s h i o n ,

ensuring t h a t t h e sample p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y r e p r e s e n t s t h e e n t i r e EPZ ( i . e . , EPZ areas a r e r e p r e s e n t e d i n p r o p o r t i o n t o t h e number of households c o n t a i n e d t h e r e i n ) .

Although t h e t e c h n i q u e s used t o c o l l e c t t h e u n i v e r s a l sample a r e highly accurate, sometimes households on t h e l i s t a r e l o c a t e d j u s t o u t s i d e t h e EPZ. Households determined by t h i s c h e c k t o be o u t s i d e the EPZ are removed from t h e sample. The f i r s t step i n preparing t h e sample f o r i n t e r v i e w i n g is t o check each address on the aforementioned s t r e e t maps t o v e r i f y t h a t it is, i n f a c t ,

l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e EPZ.

For households located w i t h i n t h e EPZ, hard copy sample l a b e l s are p r i n t e d and a f f i x e d t o sample c a l l report: forms. These sample p i e c e s a r e t h e n s y s t e m a t i c a l l y ( n t h name) d i v i d e d i n t o mini-samples. Each of t h e s e mini-samples (commonly ref e r r e d t o a s r e p l i c a t e groups) is p r o p o r t i o n a t e and r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e e n t i r e ( u n i v e r s a l ) sample. After the mini-samples have been selected, they are s h u f f l e d i n t o random order t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e specific c a l l i n g sequence does not i n t r o d u c e any b i a s i n t o t h e results. Immediately following t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n , these sample pieces are released t o i n t e r -

viewers i n r e p l i c a t e groups, ,and t h e i n t e r v i e w e r s begin telephoning households w i t h i n t h e EPZ. Since t h e e x a c t number 3 -2

, - ..

of sample pieces needed t o complete i n t e r v i e w i n g cannot be p r e c i s e l y determined i n advance, t h e release of t h e sample i n randomly s h u f f l e d r e p l i c a t e groups e n s u r e s t h a t t h e f i n a l s e t Of completed i n t e r v i e w s i s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e e n t i r e surveyed EPZ .

As i n t e r v i e w i n g p r o g r e s s e s , i n t e r v i e w e r s key all responses i n t o computer t e r m i n a l s , and running t o t a l s are kept on completed i n t e r v i e w s for t h o s e households t h a t were alerted and t h o s e households t h a t were not a l e r t e d ,

The target number of completed i n t e r v i e w s v a r i e s from survey t o survey, depending on t h e a l e r t e w n o t a l e r t e d ratio. T h i s t a r g e t number is e s t a b l i s h e d t o e n s u r e t h a t a s u f f i c i e n t number of i n t e r v i e w s are conducted t o provide survey results w i t h 5%

p r e c i s i o n a t a 95% confidence level. The computer program monitors t h e a l e r t e d / n o t a l e r t e d r a t i o and performs a sample s i z e c a l c u l a t i o n a f t e r each recorded interview. The number of i n t e r v i e w s r e q u i r e d i s continuously updated and d i s p l a y e d t o supervisory s t a f f , a l l o w i n g t h e sample t o be released p r o p e r l y and t h e i n t e r v i e w i n g process t o be terminated when t h e r e q u i r e d number of i n t e r v i e w s have been completed. . The i n t e r v i e w s are u s u a l l y completed w i t h i n one hour of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system a c t i v a t i o n ,

After t h e telephone survey has been terminated, all completed i n t e r v i e w s are once a g a i n checked a g a i n s t maps t o see i f t h e surveyed households are l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e EPZ. During interviewing, respondents are asked t o provide their address and t h e c l o s e s t c r o s s s t r e e t or i n t e r s e c t i o n t o t h e i r house. Since respondents sometimes provide new addresses o r a more e x a c t l o c a t i o n , these a d d r e s s e s are -checked a g a i n s t ' s t r e e t maps a second time. I n 'additi'on, - t h i s se-cond check i d e n t i f i e s anyone who has moved or whose address has changed from t h e one o b t a i n e d W i t h t h e o r i g i n a l sample. Before f i n a l t a b u l a t i o n s a r e run, any households detected t o be o u t s i d e of t h e EPZ are removed from t h e universe of surveyed households.

3-3 '

SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION The number of households t h a t need t o b e surveyed is determined based upon t h e need t o obtain a sample size s u f f i c i e n t t o o b t a i n a 9 5 % confidence i n t e r v a l with precision (half-width) of 0.05 f o r the estimate of the proportion alerted. The exact number of households t o be surveyed can b e derived from the following s t a t i s t i c a l considerations. For r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e sample s i z e s

( n 2 30) , taken without replacement from a population (N), t h e s a p l i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r proportions (e.g.# t h e proportion of t h e population a l e r t e d ) is neatly a normal d i s t r i b u t i o n , t h e mean of which is t h e proportion (p) of the population a l e r t e d and t h e variance of which is If P is the observed sample proportion, then for a p a r t i c u l a r confidence l e v e l with confidence c o e f f i c i e n t Z c r Thus, f o r this confidence level, t h e actual proportion of t h e population a l e r t e d satisfies the following i n e q u a l i t i e s :

3-4 .

i

Thus, the p r e c i s i o n (W) is simply given by

.-

This equation can be solved t o determine the sample s i z e (n) required t o y i e l d a given p r e c i s h n (W) with a given observed sample proportion (P) as follows:

Although this expression f o r n can be used d i r e c t l y , it is customary t o make s e v e r a l approximations, F i r s t , s i n c e t h e term i n N i n t h e denominator ( t h e f i n i t e population term) is p o s i t i v e d e f i n i t e f o r all reasonable values of W ( 0 < W < 0 . 5 ) ? omitting t h i s term w i l l r e s u l t i n an approximation t o n that is s l i g h t l y larger than i t s t r u e value. This is an acceptable p r a c t i c e i n s i z i n g t h e sample s i n c e a larger sample gives g r e a t e r precision.

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A second approximation t h a t can be made i s t o neglect t h e terms i n W2 within the bracket i n the numerator. Analysis demonstrates that t h i s underestimates n when P < 1/2 - 1/4 -4 or P > 1/2 + 1/4 {x and overestimates n for P between those two values. For the case of i n t e r e s t ( a 95% confidence i n t e r v a l with precision of 0 . 0 5 ) , this approximation provides an overestimation of n when a sample s i z e g r e a t e r than 1 9 1 is required. Since the sampling plan c a l l s f o r a minimum sample s i z e of 250, regardless of the value of P, t h i s approximation is acceptable because it a l s o y i e l d s an estimate of n l a r g e r than t h e true value. Therefore, for the purposes of the p i l o t t e s t and subsequent surveys, the following approximate equation can be used t o determine whether a sample s i z e larger than 250 is required :

2 3 31 -P(1 - a1 zc w2 or using 1.96 for Zc and 0.05 f o r W, a = 1536.64 P(1 - P)

Data from the p i l o t t e s t can be used t o i l l u s t r a t e the effects of these approximations. In t h e p i l o t t e s t , the population of tone a l e r t households from which t h e sample was t o be drawn (N) was approximately 4500 and t h e observed proportion a l e r t e d (PI was 0 . 6 7 5 , This y i e l d s 311 as t h e exact result f o r n.

Neglecting the f i n i t e population term yields an estimate of 334 f o r nr and the simplified f i n a l approximation estimates n a s 338. Thus, the final simplified approximation overestimates t h e required sample s i z e by 27 i n this case.

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116834

h i l t o n Research S e r v i c e s (adnor, Pennsylvania OMB 13067-0103 (FMA 9/85)

F'EMA NUCLEAR XIWEB PLANT A L E I U I N G AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM: PUBLIC TELDWNE SURVEY Time Began AM PM Interview #

(1-5)

Time Ended AM  % Z i p Code (6-1 0 )

Sample Type (11)

BE0L)RD BEFORE DIALING -Telephone #

(Area Code) (Exchange) (Number) (12-21)

LESWNDENT: Male o r Female head o f household.

- -.

ASK, DEPENDING ON SEX: Are you t h e (man of t h e h o u s e / l o d y of t h e house)?

N'IRODUCTION :

Eello, my name is . We're c a l l i n g households long d i s t a n c e

'rom C h i l t o n Rasearch Setvices as p a r t o f a s u r v e y . This s u r v e y is sponsored by The b d e r a l I h e r g e n c y Management Agency ( PEHA) of t h e Unl ted S ea t a s Government.

Your answers are v o l u n t a r y a n d vi11 ba kept s t r i c t l y c o n f i d e n t i a l .

F i r s t of a l l , is t h i s (REPEAT # DIALED)?

t

&S 1 T E S W T E AND DIAL AGAIN No 2 I r CDNTINUE Ye s 1 S U P TO Q. 4A No 2 b a r d from CONTINUE an0 t h e r 3 source ASK IF ANY OTHER i%lUSEHOLD Don't Know 8 MEMBER IS MORE XNOWLEZEAELE 3-7

H o w were you made aware of t h i s emergency Lest signal? ( D O E READ. CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

Fixed s i r e n 1 Mobile s i r e n 2 SKIP TO Don' t Know 3 Tone Alert Radio 4 Q. 4 Neighbor t o l d me 5 O t h e r f a m i l y member t o l d me 6 O t h e r : (SPECIFY) 7 CONTINUE Don' t Knou Y 3A. Were you made aware by a . . . (READ LIST. CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

(30-36) 1 Fixed s i r e n 1 Mobile siren 2 Tone a l e r t 4 Ne1ghbor 5 Another Family Member 6

( SPECIFY)

I DO NOT Siren Don't know t y p e 3 Don' t Kaow P

4. ( I F "HEARD OR SAW EMERGENCY SIGNAL" ASK Q . 4 BELOW OTHERWISE SKIP TO Q. 4A)

Were you a t home o r away from home when you were made auare of t h i s emergency t e s t s i g& 37

-

SKIP TO Q . 5 UNLESS THIS I S A TO ALERT AREA AND RESfONDENT DID NOZ 1

ANSEER SIREN O R TONE A L m IN 4.3 b a y From m e 2 OR Q.3A. mERWIsE. SKIP TO Q.4B I

3-8

4A.

IP TONE ALERT AREA, ASK Q. 4 8 , Yes 1 OTHERWISE, SXIP TO Q. 5 .

SKIP TO No 2 Q* 5 Don' t Know Y

48. Xas your household e v e r been i s s u e d a (TONE ALEBT RADIO/APPROPRIATE TEXIYLNOLOCY)?

$9-Yes r

SKIP TO Q. 5 4C.

5. Has y o u r household e v e r r e c e i v e d (DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUCTIONS) which t e l l you what t o d o i n P r e a l emergency a t (NAME OF REACTOR)?

41-YQS

6. Because we n e e d t o d e t e n a i n e w h e t h e r o r n o t you l i v e in t h e Fmezgency Planning Zone F=F b u ' t Know Y

( E P Z ) of (NAME OF REACTOR), vould you p l e a s e g i v e m e y o u r address? (PAUSE FOR ANSWER)

ADDRESS:

and t h e n e a r e s t cross street o r main road t o y o u r home.

On behalf of Chilton Research Services and the Federal Energcncy Management Agency, I v o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k you f o r g i v i n g u s some v e r y v a l u a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n .

3-9

APPENDIX 4 A

SUMMARY

OF DESIGN REPORT ROUTINE SIREN TESTING PROCEDURES AND OPERABILITY REQUIREMENTS

APPENDIX 4 A

SUMMARY

OF DESIGN REPORT ROUTINE SIREN TESTING PROCEDURES AND O P E R A B I L I m REQUIREMENTS Before a s i r e n system is i n s t a l l e d and o p e r a t i o n a l , the l i c e n s e e should develop a r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g and o p e r a b i l i t y program t o provide for r e g u l a r l y scheduled t e s t i n g of a s i r e n system. A suggested t e s t i n g frequency is o u t l i n e d i n NnREG-O654/FEMA-REP-1, Revision 1, Appendix 3.

A s part of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system approval process, FEW w i l l :

. Review and accept a nuclear power p l a n t ' s r o u t i n e siren t e s t i n g program; and

. Verify t h e s i r e n o p e r a b i l i t y average estimated from the results of t h e s i r e n t e s t i n g program as i t was implemented f o r t h e 1 2 months preceding submission of the design report.

The o p e r a b i l i t y of a s i r e n system is considered a c c e p t a b l e when a n average of 90% of t h e s i r e n s ( a s determined by a simple average of all r e g u l a r l y conducted t e s t s ) can be demonstrated functional Over the 12-month period immediately preceding t h e s u h i t t a l of the design report. Special c o n s i d e r a t i o n w i l l be given f o r s i r e n systems t h a t have not been o p e r a t i o n a l f o r 1 2 months. Acceptability of t h e r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g procedures is an important part of t h e overall a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system review since the o p e r a b i l i t y percentage w i l l be derived from implementation of t h e s e procedures. Further information on t e s t i n g procedures and o p e r a b i l i t y is contained i n t h e FEMA Guidance Memorandum series, an added i n t e r p r e t a t i o n and a p p l i c a t i o n of NUREG-0654/FEMA-REP-l , Revision 1.

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-.____-

Use of the following g e n e r i c c h e c k l i s t is recommended when submitting a n u c l e a r power p l a n t ' s r o u t i n e s i r e n t e s t i n g program and computation of o p e r a b i l i t y percentage:

1. A d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e a l e r t and n o t i f i c a t i o n system:

. Number of s i r e n s ( f o r f i x e d o r mobile s i r e n s ) ; and

. Other system components ( f o r tone a l e r t r a d i o s , route a l e r t i n g , etc.) .

2 . A d e s c r i p t i o n of the standard o p e r a t i n g procedures f o r r o u t i n e l y t e s t i n g t h e system:

. Type of t e s t i n g ( s L l e n t , growl, complete c y c l e ) ; and

. Frequency of t e s t i n g f o r each type (weekly, bi-weekly, twice monthly, monthly, q u a r t e r l y ,

annually, o t h e r ) .

3. A d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e method used f o r v e r i f y i n g activation:

. Procedures f o r v e r i f y i n g a c t i v a t i o n (by e l e c t r o n i c o r mechanical means, p a i d personnel or v o l u n t e e r s located a t each s i r e n , o t h e r ) ;

. Method of r e p o r t i n g results of v e r i f i c a t i o n (by telephone, mail-.in r e s p n s e cardr c h e c k l i s t , etc.) i and

. V e r i f i c a t i o n of whether 1 0 0 % of the s i r e n s were a c t i v a t e d andr if not, why.

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4 . A d e s c r i p t i o n and l o c a t i o n of t e s t i n g and v e r i f i c a t i o n r eco r ds .

1. D e t a i l e d records of a l l tests conducted f o r t h e immediately preceeding 12-month period.

. A c h a r t or t a b l e summary l i s t i n g t h e dates of t h e tests, type of tests, number of s i r e n s tested, number of s i r e n s v e r i f i e d , number of s i r e n s operable, and percentage of sirens operable: and

. Relevant documentation t o support the summarized data.

2 . A d e s c r i p t i o n of the method used t o c a l c u l a t e the s i r e n o p e r a b i l i t y per centage.

3. The computation of the s i r e n o p e r a b i l i t y percentage f o r the immediately preceding 12-month period.

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. .. . . - . .'\ . . ..

. .F

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