ML14128A180

Attachment 2: Kld TR-631, Rev. 0, Quad Cities Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Page 6-1 Through Page 9-3

ML14128A180
Person / Time
Site:	Quad Cities
Issue date:	04/08/2014
From:	KLD Engineering, PC
To:	Exelon Generation Co, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Shared Package
ML14128A158	List: ML14128A170 ML14128A172 ML14128A173 ML14128A174 ML14128A175 ML14128A178 ML14128A179 ML14128A180 ML14128A181 RS-14-014, Attachment 1: Kld TR-633, Rev. 0, LaSalle County Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Cover Through Page 5-21 RS-14-014, Attachment 1: Kld TR-633, Rev. 0, LaSalle County Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Page 6-1 Through Page C-15 RS-14-014, Attachment 1: Kld TR-633, Rev. 0, LaSalle County Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Page D-1 Through Page H-24 RS-14-014, Attachment 1: Kld TR-633, Rev. 0, LaSalle County Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Page J-1 Through End RS-14-014, Attachment 2: Kld TR-631, Rev. 0, Quad Cities Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Cover Through Page 5-21 RS-14-014, Attachment 2: Kld TR-631, Rev. 0, Quad Cities Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Page 10-1 Through Page G-5 RS-14-014, Attachment 2: Kld TR-631, Rev. 0, Quad Cities Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Page 6-1 Through Page 9-3 RS-14-014, Attachment 2: Kld TR-631, Rev. 0, Quad Cities Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Page H-1 Through Page H-39 RS-14-014, Attachment 2: Kld TR-631, Rev. 0, Quad Cities Generating Station Development of Evacuation Time Estimates, Page J-1 Through End RS-14-014, LaSalle, Units 1 & 2 and Quad Cities, Units 1 & 2, 10 CFR 50, Appendix E - Evacuation Time Estimate Analysis Information
References
RS-14-0145 KLD TR-631, Rev 0
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6 DEMAND ESTIMATION FOR EVACUATION SCENARIOS An evacuation "case" defines a combination of Evacuation Region and Evacuation Scenario.The definitions of "Region" and "Scenario" are as follows: Region A grouping of contiguous evacuating Sub-areas that forms either a "keyhole" sector-based area, or a circular area within the EPZ, that must be evacuated in response to a radiological emergency.

Scenario A combination of circumstances, including time of day, day of week, season, and weather conditions.

Scenarios define the number of people in each of the affected population groups and their respective mobilization time distributions.

A total of 36 Regions were defined which encompass all the groupings of Sub-areas considered.

These Regions are defined in Table 6-1. The Sub-area configurations are identified in Figure 6-1. Each keyhole sector-based area consists of a central circle centered at the power plant, and three adjoining sectors, each with a central angle of 22.5 degrees, as per NUREG/CR-7002 guidance.

The central sector coincides with the wind direction.

These sectors extend to 5 miles from the plant (Regions R04 through R13) or to the EPZ boundary (Regions R14 through R25).Regions R01, R02 and R03 represent evacuations of circular areas with radii of 2, 5 and 10 miles, respectively.

Regions R26 through R36 are identical to Regions R02 and R04 through R13, respectively; however, those Sub-areas between 2 miles and 5 miles are staged until 90% of the 2-mile region (Region R01) has evacuated.

Each Sub-area that intersects the keyhole is included in the Region, unless specified in the Protective Action Recommendation (PAR) determination flowchart on page QC 4-3 of the Exelon Radiological Emergency Plan Annex for Quad Cities Station (Exelon, 2013). There are instances when a small portion of a Sub-area is within the keyhole and the population within that small portion is low (500 people or 10% of Sub-area population, whichever is less). Under those circumstances, the Sub-area would not be included in the Region.A total of 14 Scenarios were evaluated for all Regions. Thus, there are a total of 36 x 14 = 504 evacuation cases. Table 6-2 is a description of all Scenarios.

Each combination of Region and Scenario implies a specific population to be evacuated.

Table 6-3 presents the percentage of each population group estimated to evacuate for each Scenario.Table 6-4 presents the vehicle counts for each Scenario for an evacuation of Region R03 -the entire EPZ.The vehicle estimates presented in Section 3 are peak values. These peak values are adjusted depending on the Scenario and Region being considered, using Scenario and Region specific percentages, such that the average population is considered for each evacuation case. The Scenario percentages are presented in Table 6-3, while the regional percentages are provided in Table H-1. The percentages presented in Table 6-3 were determined as follows: Quad Cities Generating Station 6-1 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 The number of residents with commuters during the week (when workforce is at its peak) is the product of 50% (the number of households with at least one commuter -see Figure F-3) and 45% (the number of households with a commuter that would await the return of the commuter prior to evacuating

-see Figure F-5) which equals 23%. See assumption 3 in Section 2.3. It is estimated for weekend and evening scenarios that 10% of households with returning commuters will have a commuter at work during those times.Employment is assumed to be at its peak (100%) during the winter, midweek, midday scenarios.

Employment is reduced slightly (96%) for summer, midweek, midday scenarios.

This is based on the estimation that 50% of the employees commuting into the EPZ will be on vacation for a week during the approximate 12 weeks of summer. It is further estimated that those taking vacation will be uniformly dispersed throughout the summer with approximately 4% of employees vacationing each week. It is further estimated that only 10% of the employees are working in the evenings and during the weekends.Transient activity is estimated to be at its peak (100%) during summer weekends due to the Riverview Park and Stadium, Wild Rose Casino and Resort, marinas and campgrounds.

Transient activity during the week in the summertime is estimated to be half (50%) of its weekend peak. Transient activity is estimated to be slightly less during winter weekends and weekdays, 70% and 35%, respectively, due to the large number of golf courses, parks, and marinas within the EPZ that are closed during winter months. Due to the casino and the large number of lodging facilities and campgrounds offering overnight accommodations, transient activity during the evening is estimated to be 70% in the summer and 50% in the winter.As noted in the shadow footnote to Table 6-3, the shadow percentages are computed using a base of 20% (see assumption 5 in Section 2.2); to include the employees within the shadow region who may choose to evacuate, the voluntary evacuation is multiplied by a scenario-specific proportion of employees to permanent residents in the shadow region. For example, using the values provided in Table 6-4 for Scenario 1, the shadow percentage is computed as follows: 20% (x + 2,694 22 0 5,921 + 20,366)=One special event -the Great River Tug Fest -was considered as Scenario 13. Thus, the special event traffic is 100% evacuated for Scenario 13, and 0% for all other scenarios.

It is estimated that summer school enrollment is approximately 10% of enrollment during the regular school year for summer, midweek, midday scenarios.

School is not in session during weekends and evenings, thus no buses for school children are needed under those circumstances.

As discussed in Section 7, schools are in session during the winter season, midweek, midday and 100% of buses will be needed under those circumstances.

The commuter colleges -Ashford College, Clinton Community College, and Clinton Community College Technology Center -are assumed to have the same scenario percentages as schools within the EPZ.Quad Cities Generating Station 6-2 KID Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 Transit buses for the transit-dependent population are set to 100% for all scenarios as it is assumed that the transit-dependent population is present in the EPZ for all scenarios.

External traffic is estimated to be reduced by 60% during evening scenarios and is 100% for all other scenarios.

Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 6-3 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 6-1. Description of Evacuation Regions Sub-Area I1L2 IlL3 I IL4 I ILS I IL6 I Ml I IA2 I IA3 I IA4 I IA5 I IA6 I IA7 I IAS I IA9 I IA10 I IA11 I IA12 I Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 6-4 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 r -I Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 6-5 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Figure 6-1. QDC EPZ Sub-areas Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 6-6 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 6-2. Evacuation Scenario Definitions 1 Summer Midweek Midday Good None 2 Summer Midweek Midday Rain None 3 Summer Weekend Midday Good None 4 Summer Weekend Midday Rain None MdSummer week, Evening Good None Sumer Weekend 6 Winter Midweek Midday Good None 7 Winter Midweek Midday Rain None 8 Winter Midweek Midday Snow None 9 Winter Weekend Midday Good None 10 Winter Weekend Midday Rain None 11 Winter Weekend Midday Snow None 12 Winter Midweek, Evening Good None Summer Midweek, Evening Good Great River Tug 13 Weekend Fest Single Lane 14 Summer Midweek Midday Good Closure on 1-80 and 1-88' Winter assumes that school is in session (also applies to spring and autumn). Summer assumes that school is not in session.Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 6-7 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 6-3. Percent of Population Groups Evacuating for Various Scenarios Houseolds Ho se~~(With W1~:~fu ithutI Extrna 1 23%77%96%50%22%0%10%10%100%100%2 23% 77% 96% 50% 22% 0% 10% 10% 100% 100%3 2% 98% 10% 100% 20% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100%4 2% 98% 10% 100% 20% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100%5 2% 98% 10% 70% 20% 0% 0% 0% 100% 40%6 23% 77% 100% 35% 22% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100%7 23% 77% 100% 35% 22% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100%8 23% 77% 100% 35% 22% 0% 100% 100% 100% 100%9 2% 98% 10% 70% 20% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100%10 2% 98% 10% 70% 20% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100%11 2% 98% 10% 70% 20% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100%12 2% 98% 10% 50% 20% 0% 0% 0% 100% 40%13 2% 98% 10% 70% 20% 100% 0% 0% 100% 40%14 23% 77% 96% 50% 22% 0% 10% 10% 100% 100%Resident Households with Commuters

....... Households of EPZ residents who await the return of commuters prior to beginning the evacuation trip.Resident Households with No Commuters

.Households of EPZ residents who do not have commuters or will not await the return of commuters prior to beginning the evacuation trip.Employees

.................................................

EPZ employees who live outside the EPZ Transients

.................................................

People who are in the EPZ at the time of an accident for recreational or other (non-employment) purposes.Shadow .....................................................

Residents and employees in the shadow region (outside of the EPZ) who will spontaneously decide to relocate during the evacuation.

The basis for the values shown is a 20% relocation of shadow residents along with a proportional percentage of shadow employees.

Special Events ............................................

Additional vehicles in the EPZ due to the identified special event.Commuter Colleges ...................................

Colleges wherein all students drive themselves and would evacuate using their personal vehicles.School and Transit Buses ...........................

Vehicle-equivalents present on the road during evacuation servicing schools and transit-dependent people (1 bus is equivalent to 2 passenger vehicles).

External Through Traffic ............................

Traffic on interstates/freeways and major arterial roads at the start of the evacuation.

This traffic is stopped by access control 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> after the evacuation begins.Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 6-8 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 6-4. Vehicle Estimates by Scenario Reunn Reunn pca omtrSho rni hog Sceai Scnai Comtr Comtr Emlye Trniet Shdo Evn Colege Bue Bue Tf c Veice 1 5,921 20,366 2,694 1,721 5,864 -67 33 28 8,788 45,482 2 5,921 20,366 2,694 1,721 5,864 -67 33 28 8,788 45,482 3 592 25,695 281 3,442 5,376 ---28 8,788 44,202 4 592 25,695 281 3,442 5,376 -28 8,788 44,202 5 592 25,695 281 2,409 5,376 ---28 3,515 37,896 6 5,921 20,366 2,806 1,205 5,887 -670 332 28 8,788 46,003 7 5,921 20,366 2,806 1,205 5,887 -670 332 28 8,788 46,003 8 5,921 20,366 2,806 1,205 5,887 -670 332 28 8,788 46,003 9 592 25,695 281 2,409 5,376 ---28 8,788 43,169 10 592 25,695 281 2,409 5,376 ---28 8,788 43,169 11 592 25,695 281 2,409 5,376 ---28 8,788 43,169 12 592 25,695 281 1,721 5,376 ---28 3,515 37,208 13 592 25,695 281 2,409 5,376 1,116 --28 3,515 39,012 14 5,921 20,366 2,694 1,721 5,864 -67 33 28 8,788 45,482 Note: Vehicle estimates are for an evacuation of the entire EPZ (Region R03)Quad Cities Generating Station 6-9 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 7 GENERAL POPULATION EVACUATION TIME ESTIMATES (ETE)This section presents the ETE results of the computer analyses using the DYNEV II System described in Appendices B, C and D. These results cover the 36 regions within the QDC EPZ and the 14 Evacuation Scenarios discussed in Section 6.The ETE for all Evacuation Cases are presented in Table 7-1 and Table 7-2. These tables present the estimated times to clear the indicated population percentages from the Evacuation Regions for all Evacuation Scenarios.

The ETE for the 2-mile region in both staged and un-staged regions are presented in Table 7-3 and Table 7-4. Table 7-5 defines the Evacuation Regions considered.

The tabulated values of ETE are obtained from the DYNEV II System outputs which are generated at 5-minute intervals.

7.1 Voluntary

Evacuation and Shadow Evacuation"Voluntary evacuees" are people within the EPZ in Sub-areas for which an Advisory to Evacuate has not been issued, yet who elect to evacuate. "Shadow evacuation" is the voluntary outward movement of some people from the Shadow Region (outside the EPZ) for whom no protective action recommendation has been issued. Both voluntary and shadow evacuations are assumed to take place over the same time frame as the evacuation from within the impacted Evacuation Region.The ETE for the QDC EPZ addresses the issue of voluntary evacuees in the manner shown in Figure 7-1. Within the EPZ, 20 percent of people located in Sub-areas outside of the evacuation region who are not advised to evacuate, are assumed to elect to evacuate.

Similarly, it is assumed that 20 percent of those people in the Shadow Region will choose to leave the area.Figure 7-2 presents the area identified as the Shadow Region. This region extends radially from the plant to cover a region between the EPZ boundary and approximately 15 miles. The population and number of evacuating vehicles in the Shadow Region were estimated using the same methodology that was used for permanent residents within the EPZ (see Section 3.1). As discussed in Section 3.2, it is estimated that a total of 47,316 people reside in the Shadow Region; 20 percent of them would evacuate.

See Table 6-4 for the number of evacuating vehicles from the Shadow Region.Traffic generated within this Shadow Region, traveling away from the QDC site, has the potential for impeding evacuating vehicles from within the Evacuation Region. All ETE calculations include this shadow traffic movement.7.2 Staged Evacuation As defined in NUREG/CR-7002, staged evacuation consists of the following:

1. Sub-areas comprising the 2 mile region are advised to evacuate immediately.

2. Sub-areas comprising regions extending from 2 to 5 miles downwind are advised to shelter in-place while the two mile region is cleared.Quad Cities Generating Station 7-1 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0

3. As vehicles evacuate the 2 mile region, people from 2 to 5 miles downwind continue preparation for evacuation while they shelter.4. The population sheltering in the 2 to 5 mile region is advised to evacuate when approximately 90% of the 2 mile region evacuating traffic crosses the 2 mile region boundary.5. Non-compliance with the shelter recommendation is the same as the shadow evacuation percentage of 20%.See Section 5.4.2 for additional information on staged evacuation.

7.3 Patterns

of Traffic Congestion during Evacuation Figure 7-3 through Figure 7-8 illustrate the patterns of traffic congestion that arise for the case when the entire EPZ (Region R03) is advised to evacuate during the summer, midweek, midday period under good weather conditions (Scenario 1).Traffic congestion, as the term is used here, is defined as Level of Service (LOS) F. LOS F is defined as follows (HCM 2010, page 5-5): The HCM uses LOS F to define operations that have either broken down (i.e., demand exceeds capacity) or have exceeded a specified service measure value, or combination of service measure values, that most users would consider unsatisfactory.

However, particularly for planning applications where different alternatives may be compared, analysts may be interested in knowing just how bad the LOS F condition is. Several measures are available to describe individually, or in combination, the severity of a LOS F condition:

• Demand-to-capacity ratios describe the extent to which capacity is exceeded during the analysis period (e.g., by 1%, 15%, etc.);a Duration of LOS F describes how long the condition persists (e.g., 15 min, I h, 3 h); and* Spatial extent measures describe the areas affected by LOS F conditions.

These include measures such as the back of queue, and the identification of the specific intersection approaches or system elements experiencing LOS F conditions.

All highway "links" which experience LOS F are delineated in these figures by a thick red line; all others are lightly indicated.

Congestion develops rapidly around concentrations of population and traffic bottlenecks.

Figure 7-3 displays the traffic congestion within the EPZ 30 minutes after the Advisory to Evacuate (ATE). At this time, about one third of transients and employees have begun their evacuation trips, as well as about 10% of the EPZ residents.

Congestion exists at this time along most of the major evacuation routes within Clinton, Iowa -the most densely populated area of the EPZ. Congestion also exists along State Route (SR) 136 eastbound at the intersection with SR 84 in Fulton, Illinois in the Shadow Region. All other areas of the EPZ are operating at LOS C or better.Quad Cities Generating Station 7-2 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 At 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> after the ATE, Figure 7-4 displays peak congestion within the EPZ. At this time, more than half of evacuees have begun their evacuation trip and a third have successfully evacuated the EPZ. Congestion within Clinton has intensified with all routes in the city operating at LOS F.Congestion within Fulton has also intensified

-SR 136 eastbound is operating at LOS F from the intersection with US-30 across the bridge into Clinton as evacuees from Clinton cross into Illinois to avoid traffic congestion within Clinton. Evacuees from Clinton are also using the US-30 bridge to enter Illinois.

This results in traffic congestion at the intersection of US-30 and SR 84 south of Fulton, just north of the EPZ boundary.

Elvira Rd (County Route F12 -CR F12) is congested at the intersection with 3 8 0 th Ave (CR Z36) as evacuees from Clinton travel westbound and then turn northbound on CR Z36 to leave the EPZ and travel toward the reception center in Goose Lake. Wisconsin St eastbound and US-67 southbound are congested in Le Claire, Iowa. Both 7th Ave and US-67 within Camanche, Iowa are congested at this time.Camanche is located just beyond the 5-mile radius from the plant. There is no traffic congestion within 5 miles of the plant. All roadways in Port Byron, Illinois are operating at LOS D or better.At 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> and 30 minutes after the ATE, as shown in Figure 7-5, congestion is beginning to dissipate.

At this time, more than 80% of vehicles have begun their evacuation trips, and 56% of vehicles have successfully evacuated the EPZ. None of the routes in Camanche or south of Fulton in Illinois are operating at LOS F at this time. Traffic congestion within Clinton is still pronounced.

Wisconsin St eastbound and US-67 southbound in Le Claire are still congested.

All roads in Port Byron are operating at LOS B or better. There is also significant congestion in the Shadow Region (CR Z36 northbound and SR 136 eastbound in Fulton) and beyond (approaches to US-61 near Welton, Iowa and Dewitt, Iowa, and Garden Plain Rd at US-30 in Morrison, Illinois).

At 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> and 15 minutes after the ATE, Figure 7-6 shows that all congestion in the EPZ has cleared, excluding Clinton. All routes leaving Clinton are still heavily congested.

At this time, 97% of vehicles have begun their evacuation trips; 81% have evacuated.

Congestion in the Shadow Region persists -SR 136 eastbound in Fulton and CR Z36 northbound toward the reception center in Goose Lake.At 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> and 15 minutes after the ATE, as shown in Figure 7-7, congestion in Clinton is beginning to dissipate as US-67 northbound clears. Traffic congestion in Fulton has cleared.Traffic congestion persists northbound on CR Z36 in the Shadow Region. Almost all vehicles have mobilized; 97% have evacuated.

Finally at 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> and 45 minutes after the ATE (Figure 7-8) the last road within the EPZ to exhibit traffic congestion is 4 4 2 nd Ave northbound at the intersection with SR 136 leaving Clinton. The EPZ and study area completely clear of congestion 10 minutes later.7.4 Evacuation Rates Evacuation is a continuous process, as implied by Figure 7-9 through Figure 7-22. These figures indicate the rate at which traffic flows out of the indicated areas for the case of an evacuation of the full EPZ (Region R03) under the indicated conditions.

One figure is presented for each scenario considered.

Quad Cities Generating Station 7-3 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 As indicated in Figure 7-9, there is typically a long "tail" to these distributions.

Vehicles begin to evacuate an area slowly at first, as people respond to the ATE at different rates. Then traffic demand builds rapidly (slopes of curves increase).

When the system becomes congested, traffic exits the EPZ at rates somewhat below capacity until some evacuation routes have cleared. As more routes clear, the aggregate rate of egress slows since many vehicles have already left the EPZ. Towards the end of the process, relatively few evacuation routes service the remaining demand.The rate of egress for the 2-mile and 5-mile Regions remains relatively constant after the first hour of the evacuation.

As discussed in Section 7.3, there is no congestion within 5 miles of the plant. The rate of egress is equal to the mobilization time for the population in this area. The long "tail" of the evacuation plots is due to the relatively few stragglers within 5 miles who take significantly longer to mobilize.Conversely, the rate of egress for the Entire EPZ decreases sharply after the first 90 minutes of the evacuation as a result of the pronounced congestion within Clinton. The long "tail" for this curve is due to the heavy congestion resulting from a surplus of demand relative to available roadway capacity.Ideally, it would be desirable to fully saturate all evacuation routes equally so that all will service traffic near capacity levels and all will clear at the same time. For this ideal situation, all curves would retain the same slope until the end -thus minimizing evacuation time. In reality, this ideal is generally unattainable reflecting the spatial variation in population density, mobilization rates and in highway capacity over the EPZ.7.5 Evacuation Time Estimate (ETE) Results Table 7-1 and Table 7-2 present the ETE values for all 36 Evacuation Regions and all 14 Evacuation Scenarios.

Table 7-3 and Table 7-4 present the ETE values for the 2-Mile region for both staged and un-staged keyhole regions downwind to 5 miles. The tables are organized as follows: Tabl Conent ETE represents the elapsed time required for 90 percent of the 7-1 population within a Region, to evacuate from that Region. All Scenarios are considered, as well as Staged Evacuation scenarios.

ETE represents the elapsed time required for 100 percent of the 7-2 population within a Region, to evacuate from that Region. All Scenarios are considered, as well as Staged Evacuation scenarios.

ETE represents the elapsed time required for 90 percent of the 7-3 population within the 2-mile Region, to evacuate from that Region with both Concurrent and Staged Evacuations.

ETE represents the elapsed time required for 100 percent of the 7-4 population within the 2-mile Region, to evacuate from that Region with both Concurrent and Staged Evacuations.

Quad Cities Generating Station 7-4 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 The animation snapshots described above reflect the ETE statistics for the concurrent (un-staged) evacuation scenarios and regions, which are displayed in Figure 7-3 through Figure 7-8.There is no congestion within the 2- and 5-mile regions. There is congestion beyond the 5-mile radius in Clinton. This is reflected in the ETE statistics: " The 9 0 th percentile ETE for Region R01 (2-mile region) are 15 to 30 minutes shorter than Region R02 (5-mile region) for good weather and rain and range between 1:20 (hr:min)and 1:25 (higher for snow). These ETE are the time needed to mobilize 90 percent of the population within the 2-mile region. The 100th percentile ETE are equal to the mobilization time of 3:30 (5:00 for snow).* The 90th percentile ETE for Region R02 (5-mile region) are on average approximately 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> shorter than for Region R03 (full EPZ) due to the prevalence of traffic congestion in Clinton beyond the 5-mile radius, and generally range between 1:40 and 1:50 (higher for snow).These ETE are also the time needed to mobilize 90 percent of the population within the 5-mile region. These ETE are longer than the 2-mile region because the percentage of residents versus employees/transients is higher in the 5-mile region and residents take longer to mobilize.

The 100th percentile ETE are approximately equal to mobilization time -3:35 for good weather and rain, 5:05 for snow." The 9 0 th percentile ETE for Region R03 (full EPZ) generally range between 2:30 and 3:00 (higher for snow). The 100th percentile ETE exceed mobilization time by about 30 minutes in good weather and rain as a result of the congestion in Clinton. The 1 0 0 th percentile ETE are equal to mobilization time -5:10 -for snow.Comparison of Scenarios 5 and 13 in Table 7-1 indicates that the Special Event -Friday night fireworks at the Great River Tug Fest -does not have a significant impact on ETE at the 9 0 th or 100th percentiles.

The additional 1,116 vehicles present for the event increase local congestion in Le Claire and Port Byron; however, the traffic congestion in Clinton lasts longer and dictates the ETE.Comparison of Scenarios 1 and 14 in Table 7-1 indicates that the roadway closure -one lane on 1-80 and one lane on 1-88 (see Section 2.2, item 7 for additional information)

-does not have a material impact on ETE at the 90th or 100th percentiles.

Although Port Byron and Le Claire rely on these roads as major evacuation routes, the single lane access ramps to these roadways are bottlenecks such that the loss of a lane on the main thoroughfare has no impact.Despite the results of the roadway impact scenario, events such as adverse weather or traffic accidents which close a lane on a major evacuation route, could impact ETE. State and local police could consider traffic management tactics such as using the shoulder of the roadway as a travel lane or re-routing of traffic along other evacuation routes to avoid overwhelming any of the major evacuation routes. All efforts should be made to remove the blockage, particularly within the first 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> of the evacuation when most people begin their evacuation trip.Quad Cities Generating Station 7-5 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0

7.6 Staged

Evacuation Results Table 7-3 and Table 7-4 present a comparison of the ETE compiled for the concurrent (un-staged) and staged evacuation studies. Note that Regions R26 through R36 are the same geographic areas as Regions R02 and R04 through R13, respectively.

The times shown in Table 7-3 and Table 7-4 are when the 2-mile region is 90% clear and 100% clear, respectively.

To determine whether the staged evacuation strategy is worthy of consideration, it must be shown that the ETE for the 2-mile region can be reduced without significantly affecting the exposure of those in the region between 2 miles and 5 miles. In all cases, as shown in these tables, the ETE for the 2 mile region is unchanged when a staged evacuation is implemented.

The reason for this is that the nearest traffic congestion to the plant is in Camanche, Iowa -just beyond the 5-mile radius. This congestion does not extend upstream to the extent that it penetrates to within the 2-mile region. Consequently, the impedance, due to this congestion within the 5-mile region, to evacuees from within the 2-mile region is not sufficient to materially influence the 9 0 th or 1 0 0 th percentile ETE for the 2-mile region.To determine the effect of staged evacuation on residents outside the 2-mile Region, Regions R02 and R04 through R13 are compared to Regions R26 through R36, respectively, in Table 7-1.The ETE for most keyholes increases when staging evacuation with some regions increasing by up to 35 minutes. As shown in Figure 5-5, staging the evacuation causes a significant "spike" (sharp increase) in mobilization (trip-generation rate) of evacuating vehicles:

nearly 80 percent of the evacuating vehicles between 2 and 5 miles who have sheltered in place while residents within 2 miles evacuated, begin their evacuation trip over a 15 minute timeframe.

This spike oversaturates evacuation routes, causing significant traffic congestion, rerouting and prolonged ETE.In summary, the staged evacuation protective action strategy provides no benefit to the 2-mile Region and adversely impacts many evacuees located beyond 2 miles from QDC. Staged evacuation is not recommended.

7.7 Guidance

on Using ETE Tables The user first determines the percentile of population for which the ETE is sought (The NRC guidance calls for the 9 0 th percentile).

The applicable value of ETE within the chosen Table may then be identified using the following procedure:

1. Identify the applicable Scenario: " Season" Summer" Winter (also Autumn and Spring)" Day of Week" Midweek" Weekend" Time of Day 0 Midday Quad Cities Generating Station 7-6 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 E Evening* Weather Condition" Good Weather" Rain" Snow* Special Event" Great River Tug Fest" Road Closure (One lane on 1-80 eastbound and westbound, one lane on 1-88 eastbound and westbound)" Evacuation Staging" No, Staged Evacuation is not considered" Yes, Staged Evacuation is considered While these Scenarios are designed, in aggregate, to represent conditions throughout the year, some further clarification is warranted:

• The conditions of a summer evening (either midweek or weekend) and rain are not explicitly identified in the Tables. For these conditions, Scenarios (2) and (4) apply.0 The conditions of a winter evening (either midweek or weekend) and rain are not explicitly identified in the Tables. For these conditions, Scenarios (7) and (10) for rain apply.0 The conditions of a winter evening (either midweek or weekend) and snow are not explicitly identified in the Tables. For these conditions, Scenarios (8) and (11) for snow apply.* The seasons are defined as follows: " Summer assumes that public schools are not in session." Winter (includes Spring and Autumn) considers that public schools are in session.0 Time of Day: Midday implies the time over which most commuters are at work or are travelling to/from work.2. With the desired percentile ETE and Scenario identified, now identify the Evacuation Region:* Determine the projected azimuth direction of the plume (coincident with the wind direction).

This direction is expressed in terms of compass orientation:

towards N, NNE, NE, ...* Determine the distance that the Evacuation Region will extend from the nuclear power plant. The applicable distances and their associated candidate Regions are given below: 0 2 Miles (Region R01)0 To 5 Miles (Region R02, and R04 through R13)0 To EPZ Boundary (Regions R03, R14 through R25)* Enter Table 7-5 and identify the applicable group of candidate Regions based on the distance that the selected Region extends from the plant. Select the Evacuation Region identifier in that row, based on the azimuth direction of the plume, from the first column of the Table.Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-7 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0

3. Determine the ETE Table based on the percentile selected.

Then, for the Scenario identified in Step 1 and the Region identified in Step 2, proceed as follows:* The columns of Table 7-1 through Table 7-4 are labeled with the Scenario numbers.Identify the proper column in the selected Table using the Scenario number defined in Step 1.* Identify the row in the table that provides ETE values for the Region identified in Step 2.* The unique data cell defined by the column and row so determined contains the desired value of ETE expressed in Hours:Minutes.

Example It is desired to identify the ETE for the following conditions:

• Sunday, August 10th at 4:00 AM.* It is raining.* Wind direction is toward the northeast (NE).* Wind speed is such that the distance to be evacuated is judged to be a 5-mile radius and downwind to 10 miles (to EPZ boundary).

• The desired ETE is that value needed to evacuate 90 percent of the population from within the impacted Region.* A staged evacuation is not desired.Table 7-1 is applicable because the 90th percentile ETE is desired. Proceed as follows: 1. Identify the Scenario as summer, weekend, evening and raining. Entering Table 7-1, it is seen that there is no match for these descriptors.

However, the clarification given above assigns this combination of circumstances to Scenario 4.2. Enter Table 7-5 and locate the Region described as "Evacuate 5-Mile Radius and Downwind to the EPZ Boundary" for wind direction toward the NE and read Region R16.3. Enter Table 7-1 to locate the data cell containing the value of ETE for Scenario 4 and Region R20. This data cell is in column (4) and in the row for Region R16; it contains the ETE value of 3:10.Quad Cities Generating Station 7-8 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 Table 7-1. Time to Clear the Indicated Area of 90 Percent of the Affected Population Summer Summer Summer Winter Winter Winter Summer Sme Midweek Weekend MdekMidweek Weekend Miidweekdee Weekend Weekend Weekend Midday Midday Evening Midday Midday Evening Evening Midday Region Good Good Good Good Good Good reat Roadway Weather Rain Weather Rain Weather Weather Weather RaiWeather River Tug Impact Fest Entire 2-Mile Region, 5-Mile Region, and EPZ RO 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R02 1:50 1:50 1:40 1:40 1:40 1:50 1:50 2:15 1:40 1:40 2:10 1:40 1:40 1:50 R03 2:45 2:55 2:35 2:55 2:35 2:45 3:00 3:20 2:30 2:40 3:05 2:35 2:35 2:45 2-Mile Region and Keyhole to 5 Miles R04 1:45 1:50 1:40 1:40 1:40 1:50 1:50 2:15 1:40 1:45 2:10 1:40 1:40 1:45 ROS 1:45 1:45 1:40 1:40 1:40 1:45 1:45 2:10 1:40 1:40 2:10 1:40 1:40 1:45 R06 1:40 1:40 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:40 1:40 2:00 1:30 1:35 2:00 1:35 1:30 1:40 R07 1:45 1:45 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:45 1:45 2:10 1:35 1:35 2:05 1:35 1:35 1:45 ROB 1:35 1:35 1:30 1:30 1:35 1:35 1:40 2:00 1:35 1:35 2:00 1:35 1:35 1:35 R09 1:45 1:45 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:45 1:45 2:10 1:35 1:35 2:05 1:35 1:35 1:45 R10 1:40 1:40 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:40 1:45 2:05 1:35 1:35 2:05 1:35 1:35 1:40 R11 1:45 1:45 1:40 1:40 1:40 1:45 1:50 2:15 1:40 1:40 2:10 1:40 1:40 1:45 R12 1:45 1:45 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:45 1:45 2:10 1:35 1:40 2:05 1:40 1:35 1:45 R13 1:40 1:45 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:45 1:45 2:05 1:35 1:40 2:05 1:40 1:35 1:40 S-Mile Region and Keyhole to EPZ Boundary R14 3:00 3:10 2:55 3:05 2:45 3:00 3:15 3:35 2:45 3:00 3:30 2:45 2:45 3:00 RIS 3:00 3:10 2:55 3:05 2:45 3:00 3:15 3:35 2:45 3:05 3:30 2:45 2:45 3:00 R16 2:55 3:05 2:50 3:10 2:45 2:55 3:10 3:30 2:40 2:55 3:25 2:40 2:45 2:55 R17 1:50 1:50 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:50 1:55 2:10 1:45 1:45 2:05 1:45 1:45 1:50 R18 1:55 1:55 1:50 1:50 1:45 1:55 1:55 2:15 1:50 1:55 2:10 1:45 1:45 1:55 R19 1:55 1:55 1:50 1:50 1:45 1:55 1:55 2:10 1:50 1:50 2:10 1:45 1:45 1:55 R20 1:55 2:00 1:55 1:55 1:50 1:55 2:00 2:10 1:55 1:55 2:05 1:50 1:55 2:00 R21 1:55 2:00 1:55 1:55 1:50 2:00 2:00 2:10 1:55 1:55 2:10 1:55 1:55 2:00 R22 1:55 2:00 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 2:00 2:10 1:55 1:55 2:10 1:50 1:55 2:00 R23 1:50 1:50 1:40 1:45 1:40 1:50 1:50 2:20 1:40 1:45 2:10 1:40 1:40 1:50 R24 1:50 1:50 1:40 1:45 1:40 1:50 1:50 2:15 1:40 1:45 2:10 1:40 1:40 1:50 R25 3:00 3:10 2:55 3:05 2:45 3:00 3:15 3:35 2:45 3:00 3:30 2:45 2:45 3:00 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-9 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Summer Summer Summer Winter Winter Winter Summer Summer Midweek Midweek Midweek Midweek Weekend Weekend Midweek Weekend weekend dweek Midweek Weekend Weekend Weekend Midday Midday Evening Midday Midday Evening Evening Midday Region Good Good Good Good Good Good Great Roadway RanRain Rain Snow Rin Snow River Tug Ipc r Rain Weather Weather Weather Weather Weather Impact Fest Staged Evacuation Mile Region and Keyhole to 5 Miles R26 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:10 2:15 2:35 2:10 2:15 2:35 2:10 2:10 2:10 R27 2:15 2:15 2:15 2:15 2:15 2:15 2:15 2:40 2:15 2:20 2:40 2:15 2:15 2:15 R28 2:10 2:15 2:10 2:15 2:10 2:15 2:15 2:35 2:10 2:15 2:35 2:10 2:10 2:10 R29 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 2:05 1:45 1:45 2:05 1:45 1:45 1:45 R30 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 2:10 1:50 1:50 2:05 1:50 1:50 1:50 R31 1:45 1:50 1:45 1:50 1:50 1:45 1:50 2:05 1:50 1:50 2:05 1:50 1:50 1:45 R32 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 2:10 1:50 1:50 2:10 1:50 1:50 1:50 R33 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 1:50 2:10 1:50 1:50 2:10 1:50 1:50 1:50 R34 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 2:20 1:55 1:55 2:15 1:55 1:55 1:55 R35 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 2:15 1:55 1:55 2:15 1:55 1:55 1:55 R36 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 1:55 2:15 1:55 1:55 2:15 1:55 1:55 1:55 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-10 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 7-2. Time to Clear the Indicated Area of 100 Percent of the Affected Population Midweek Weekend Eire2 R Midweek Weekend Midweek Midwee Midweek Weekend Weekend Weekend Midday Midday Evening Midday Midday Evening Evening Midday Region Good Good Good Good Good Good Get Roadway Weather RanWeather Ran Weather Weather Ri SnwWeather Ri Snw Weather RvrTg Impact Fest Entire 2-Mile Region, 5-Mile Region, and EPZ R01 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R02 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R03 4:00 4:20 3:50 4:10 3:50 4:00 4:25 5:10 3:50 3:55 5:10 3:50 3:50 4:00 2-Mile Region and Keyhole to 5 Miles R04 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 ROS 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R06 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R07 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R08 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R09 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 RIO 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R11 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R12 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R13 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 S-Mile Region and Keyhole to EPZ Boundary R14 3:55 4:20 3:50 3:55 3:50 3:55 4:25 5:10 3:50 3:55 5:10 3:40 3:50 3:55 RIS 4:00 4:20 3:50 3:55 3:50 4:00 4:25 5:10 3:50 3:55 5:10 3:50 3:50 4:00 R16 3:50 4:15 3:45 4:10 3:50 4:00 4:20 5:10 3:50 3:50 5:10 3:45 3:50 3:50 R17 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 3:40 R18 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 3:40 R19 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 3:40 R20 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 3:40 R21 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 3:40 R22 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 3:40 R23 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 3:40 R24 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 5:10 3:40 3:40 3:40 R25 4:00 4:20 3:50 3:55 3:50 3:55 4:25 5:10 3:50 3:55 5:10 3:50 3:50 4:00 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-11 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Summer Summer Summer Winter Winter Winter Summer Summer Midweek Midweek Midweek Midweek Weekend Weekend Midweek Weekend weekend dweek Midweek Weekend Weekend Weekend Midday Midday Evening Midday Midday Evening Evening Midday Region Good Good Good Good Good Good Great Roadway WahrRain WahrRain Wahr eterRain Snow WahrRain Snow WahrRiver Tug Ipc Weather Weather Rain Weather Weather TWeather Weather est Impa Staged Evacuation Mile Region and Keyhole to 5 Miles R26 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R27 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R28 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R29 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R30 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R31 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R32 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R33 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R34 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 R36 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 5:05 3:35 3:35 3:35 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-12 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 7-3. Time to Clear 90 Percent of the 2-Mile Area within the Indicated Region Summer Summer Summer Winter Winter Winter Summer Summer Midweek Weekend Miwe Midweek Weekend MidweekMiwe Mdek Weekend Weekend Weekend Midday Midday Evening Midday Midday Evening Evening Midday Great Region Good Ran Good Ran Good Good Ri Snw Good Ri Snw Good RvrTgRoadway Weather Weather Weather Weather Weather Weather T Impact Fest Un-staged Evacuation Mile and S-Mile Region R01 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1 :1:251:25 1:45 [1:25 1:25 1:20 R02 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 J 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 Un-staged Evacuation Mile Ring and Keyhole to 5-Miles R04 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 ROS 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R06 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R07 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R08 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R09 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 RIO 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R11 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R12 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R13 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 Staged Evacuation Mile Region R14 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1 1:20 1:20 1 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 Staged Evacuation Mile Ring and Keyhole to 5 Miles R1S 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R16 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R16 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R17 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R18 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R19 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R21 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R22 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R23 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 R24 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:20 1:25 1:20 1:20 1:40 1:25 1:25 1:45 1:25 1:25 1:20 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-13 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 7-4. Time to Clear 100 Percent of the 2-Mile Area within the Indicated Region Region Good GodGod Good GoTdGo ra Roadway Summer RaWter Summer W in Snow Rain Snow ter iver Tug Impact WeterWahe an eterWate eahrWete Fest _____SUn-staged Evacuation Mile and 5-Mile Region RO 3:01 3:3013:301 3:30 3:3013:30 3:30 [5:00 [3:3013:3015:0013:30 T3:30 33 R0 0 3:30 3:30 1 3:30 3:30 3:30 1 3:30 1 5:00 13:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 Un-staged Evacuation Mile Ring and Keyhole to 5-Miles R04 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 ROS 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R06 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R07 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 ROB 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R09 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 RIO 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R11 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R12 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R13 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30_ 3:30_ 3:30_ 3:30 :30 :30 :30 :30Staged Evacuation-_5 -Mile Region3 _ _ _0:30 R14 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 1 3:30 [ 3:30 [ 5:00 1 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 Staged Evacuation Mile Ring and Keyhole to 5 Miles R1S 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R16 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R16 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R17 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R18 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R19 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R20 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R21 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R22 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R23 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 R24 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 5:00 3:30 3:30 3:30 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-14 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 7-5. Description of Evacuation Regions ISub-Area

_ _ _ _ _ILl IL2 IL3 IL4 1IL5 1IL6 I IAM Sub-Area I IA3 I IM I lA5 I IA6 I IA7 I iA8 I iA9 I IA10 I IAll I IA12 I Region R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 Wind Direction Toward: N NNE NE, ENE E ESE,SE SSE i lLl IL2 IL3 IL4 ILS IL6 IA1 IA2 IA3 IM IAS IA6 IA7 i I 1A 19 IAlO Il IA12 Sub-Area--I Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-15 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-16 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Figure 7-1. Voluntary Evacuation Methodology Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-17 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Figure 7-2. QDC Shadow Region Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-18 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Figure 7-3. Congestion Patterns at 30 Minutes after the Advisory to Evacuate Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-19 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Figure 7-4. Congestion Patterns at 1 Hour after the Advisory to Evacuate Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-20 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 C o n g e s t i o n P a t t e r n s a t 0 1 : 3 0 -, t * .....s ........... .i .-- .' ..---. -; -.- -.. -, ...... .I,- {.'. "tt ..- 7 .- 1 ".. y "- ,/' " ", '.. ... .IA7 84 ILA/ 1;~ ~ ~ ~" I Aa ......Y- -..<-K2 I;; .....;-'Do*u .... x, J -" " '> "- d ,. ... k ..... ... .,+ .. .......... --Legen .......Fiue7-.CngsinPatrs tIHurad30Mnts fe1teAvso&0 Eaut O, ucl itis GeeraingStaion

-21KLDEngieerngP.I Evauaio Time Rockat Rev.l 0ý Figure 7-6. Congestion Patterns at 2 Hours and 15 Minutes after the Advisory to Evacuate Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-22 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Congestion Pattem s at 03:15 ./ .,"... .. .."" -....../ / --, :il :.:- 4A9... .............

i ~ ~ D .: 'tt .-: -' : 1.,",-',. ,N.;" tw Legenow Af P5 [A ,ILAre , .c AfA 2, 5,1, 5MieRig Figure -7. Conestion atternsat3Horan15MntsferheAvoytoEcue O,~~~~V ua iisGnrtngSain724L Egneig .: 4Acato TieEsiat ev Congestion Patterns at 03:45 ..54.IAI -1 ... ..... ....--V-U

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EvacuationioTime.Estimate ReM.l0 Fiur 78 Cngsto Pttrn t Hur nd45Miuesaferte dvsoytoEvcut Evanono TieEsiae 2e 78 Evacuation Time Estimates Summer, Midweek, Midday, Good (Scenario 1)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 0 90% 0 100%hO 4-U m w a,-'5 a, 0 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 S 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-9. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 1 for Region R03 Evacuation Time Estimates Summer, Midweek, Midday, Rain (Scenario 2)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 0 90% 0 100%On C 4.(U U w In a, U a, C In 0 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 10s 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-10. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 2 for Region R03 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-25 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Evacuation Time Estimates Summer, Weekend, Midday, Good (Scenario 3)-2-Mile Region Mile Region I Entire EPZ 9 90%* 100%45 40 M 35 m 30 M 25 o 20* -15> 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-11. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 3 for Region R03 Evacuation Time Estimates Summer, Weekend, Midday, Rain (Scenario 4)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 0 90% 0 100%45 40 35 m '7 30 U, I 20* E 15 U 0> 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-12. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 4 for Region R03 7-26 KID Engineering, P.C.Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-26 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Evacuation Time Estimates Summer, Midweek, Weekend, Evening, Good (Scenario 5)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 0 90% a 100%45 40 an 35.1_S30 U5 o20 15 15> 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)Figure 7-13. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 5 for Region R03 Evacuation Time Estimates Winter, Midweek, Midday, Good (Scenario 6)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 0 90%9 100%an U5'=IA-f:.45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-14. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 6 for Region R03 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-27 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Evacuation Time Estimates Winter, Midweek, Midday, Rain (Scenario 7)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ* 90% 0 100%4.r IA C'U In 0 I-45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-15. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 7 for Region R03 Evacuation Time Estimates Winter, Midweek, Midday, Snow (Scenario 8)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 0 90% 0 100%-Uj 0C 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 2 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)270 300 330 Figure 7-16. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 8 for Region R03 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-28 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Evacuation Time Estimates Winter, Weekend, Midday, Good (Scenario 9)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ

• 90%0 100%LU:E-o C'U 0 I-50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-17. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 9 for Region R03 Evacuation Time Estimates Winter, Weekend, Midday, Rain (Scenario 10)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 0 90% 0 100%45 40 to 35'7 30 r 25 0 20* 15> 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 2107 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-18. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 10 for Region R03 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-29 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Evacuation Time Estimates Winter, Weekend, Midday, Snow (Scenario 11)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 9 90% 0 100%M LU:E U'-U C Eu IA 0-C I-50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)Figure 7-19. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 11 for Region R03 Evacuation Time Estimates Winter, Midweek, Weekend, Evening, Good (Scenario 12)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 0 90% 0 100%45 40 bA 35 t- 3 30 E 25 IM FA 20 7 15> 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-20. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 12 for Region R03 7-30 KLD Engineering, P.C.Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-30 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Evacuation Time Estimates Summer, Midweek, Weekend, Evening, Good, Special Event (Scenario 13)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ* 90% 0 100%45 40 a0.35 S30 25 0o 20 2- 15 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-21. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 13 for Region R03 Evacuation Time Estimates Summer, Midweek, Midday, Good, Roadway Impact (Scenario 14)-2-Mile Region Mile Region -Entire EPZ 0 90% 0 100%an.6-LU-o 4A 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Elapsed Time After Evacuation Recommendation (min)240 270 Figure 7-22. Evacuation Time Estimates

-Scenario 14 for Region R03 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 7-31 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 8 TRANSIT-DEPENDENT AND SPECIAL FACILITY EVACUATION TIME ESTIMATES This section details the analyses applied and the results obtained in the form of evacuation time estimates for transit vehicles.

The demand for transit service reflects the needs of three population groups: (1) residents with no vehicles available; (2) residents of special facilities such as schools, medical facilities, and correctional facilities; and (3) homebound special needs population.

These transit vehicles mix with the general evacuation traffic that is comprised mostly of"passenger cars" (pc's). The presence of each transit vehicle in the evacuating traffic stream is represented within the modeling paradigm described in Appendix D as equivalent to two pc's.This equivalence factor represents the longer size and more sluggish operating characteristics of a transit vehicle, relative to those of a pc.Transit vehicles must be mobilized in preparation for their respective evacuation missions.Specifically:

• Bus drivers must be alerted* They must travel to the bus depot* They must be briefed there and assigned to a route or facility These activities consume time. It is estimated that bus mobilization time will average approximately 90 minutes for schools and 120 minutes (210 for snow) for transit dependent buses extending from the Advisory to Evacuate, to the time when buses first arrive at the facility to be evacuated.

During this mobilization period, other mobilization activities are taking place. One of these is the action taken by parents, neighbors, relatives and friends to pick up children from school prior to the arrival of buses, so that they may join their families.

Virtually all studies of evacuations have concluded that this "bonding" process of uniting families is universally prevalent during emergencies and should be anticipated in the planning process. The current public information disseminated to residents of the QODC EPZ indicates that schoolchildren will be evacuated to relocation centers, and that parents should pick schoolchildren up at the relocation centers.As discussed in Section 2, this study assumes a fast breaking general emergency.

Therefore, children are evacuated to relocation centers. Picking up children at school could add to traffic congestion at the schools, delaying the departure of the buses evacuating schoolchildren, which may have to return in a subsequent "wave" to the EPZ to evacuate the transit-dependent population.

This report provides estimates of buses under the assumption that no children will be picked up by their parents (in accordance with NUREG/CR-7002), to present an upper bound estimate of buses required.

This study assumes that pre-schools and day-care centers are also evacuated to relocation centers and parents will pick up these children at the relocation centers.Quad Cities Generating Station 8-1 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 The procedure for computing transit-dependent ETE is to:* Estimate demand for transit service* Estimate time to perform all transit functions* Estimate route travel times to the EPZ boundary and to the relocation centers and reception centers 8.1 Transit Dependent People Demand Estimate The telephone survey (see Appendix F) results were used to estimate the portion of the population requiring transit service based on the percentage of households with no vehicle available.

Table 8-1 presents estimates of transit-dependent people. Note:* Estimates of persons requiring transit vehicles include schoolchildren.

For those evacuation scenarios where children are at school when an evacuation is ordered, separate transportation is provided for the schoolchildren.

The actual need for transit vehicles by residents is thereby less than the given estimates.

However, estimates of transit vehicles are not reduced when schools are in session.It is reasonable and appropriate to consider that many transit-dependent persons will evacuate by ride-sharing with neighbors, friends or family. For example, nearly 80 percent of those who evacuated from Mississauga, Ontario who did not use their own cars, shared a ride with neighbors or friends (IES, 1981). Other documents report that approximately 70 percent of transit dependent persons were evacuated via ride sharing. We will adopt a conservative estimate that 50 percent of transit dependent persons will ride share, in accordance with NUREG/CR-7002.

The estimated number of bus trips needed to service transit-dependent persons is based on an estimate of average bus occupancy of 30 persons at the conclusion of the bus run. Transit vehicle seating capacities typically equal or exceed 60 children on average (roughly equivalent to 40 adults). If transit vehicle evacuees are two thirds adults and one third children, then the number of "adult seats" taken by 30 persons is 20 + (2/3 x10) = 27. On this basis, the average load factor anticipated is (27/40) x 100 = 68 percent. Thus, if the actual demand for service exceeds the estimates of Table 8-1 by 50 percent, the demand for service can still be accommodated by the available bus seating capacity.[20 + (32 x 10)] + 40 x 1.5 = 1.00 Table 8-1 indicates that transportation must be provided for 404 people. Therefore, a total of 14 bus runs are required to transport this population to reception centers.Quad Cities Generating Station 8-2 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 To illustrate this estimation procedure, we calculate the number of persons, P, requiring public transit or ride-share, and the number of buses, B, required for the QDC EPZ: P = (EPZ Population

+ Average HH Size of EPZ) x % of HH with 0 Vehicles x Average HH Size of HH with 0 Vehicles P = (46,387 + 2.24) x 3.9% x 1.00 = 808 B = (0.5 x P) + 30 = 14 According to the telephone survey results, 3.9% of households do not have access to a vehicle (Figure F-2); there are 1.00 people per house -on average -in households with no vehicles available.

The estimate of transit-dependent population in Table 8-1 far exceeds the number of registered transit-dependent persons in the EPZ as provided by Exelon (discussed below in Section 8.5).This is consistent with the findings of NUREG/CR-6953, Volume 2, in that a large majority of the transit-dependent population within the EPZs of U.S. nuclear plants does not register with their local emergency response agency.8.2 School Population -Transit Demand Table 8-2 presents the school and preschool population and transportation requirements for the direct evacuation of all facilities within the EPZ for the 2012 school year. The column in Table 8-2 entitled "Buses Required" specifies the number of buses required for each school under the following set of assumptions and estimates:

• No students will be picked up by their parents prior to the arrival of the buses.* While many high school students commute to school using private automobiles (as discussed in Section 2.4 of NUREG/CR-7002), the estimate of buses required for school evacuation do not consider the use of these private vehicles.Bus capacity, expressed in students per bus, is set to 70 for primary schools and 50 for middle and high schools.Those staff members who do not accompany the students will evacuate in their private vehicles.No allowance is made for student absenteeism, typically 3 percent daily.It is recommended that the counties in the EPZ introduce procedures whereby the schools are contacted prior to the dispatch of buses from the depot, to ascertain the current estimate of students to be evacuated.

In this way, the number of buses dispatched to the schools will reflect the actual number needed. The need for buses would be reduced by any high school students who have evacuated using private automobiles (if permitted by school authorities).

Those buses originally allocated to evacuate schoolchildren that are not needed due to children being picked up by their parents, can be gainfully assigned to service other facilities or those persons who do not have access to private vehicles or to ride-sharing.

Quad Cities Generating Station 8-3 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 Table 8-3 presents a list of the relocation centers for each school and preschool in the EPZ.Students will be transported to these schools where they will be subsequently retrieved by their respective families.8.3 Medical Facility Demand Table 8-4 presents the census of medical facilities in the EPZ. A total of 724 people have been identified as living in, or being treated in, these facilities.

The current census for each facility was provided by Exelon and county emergency management personnel.

This data includes the number of ambulatory, wheelchair-bound and bedridden patients at each facility.The transportation requirements for the medical facility population are also presented in Table 8-4. The number of ambulance runs is determined by assuming that 2 patients can be accommodated per ambulance trip; the number of wheelchair van runs assumes 4 wheelchairs per trip and the number of bus runs estimated assumes 30 ambulatory patients per trip.8.4 Evacuation Time Estimates for Transit Dependent People EPZ bus resources are assigned to evacuating schoolchildren (if school is in session at the time of the ATE) as the first priority in the event of an emergency.

In the event that the allocation of buses dispatched from the depots to the various facilities and to the bus routes is somewhat"inefficient", or if there is a shortfall of available drivers, then there may be a need for some buses to return to the EPZ from the reception center after completing their first evacuation trip, to complete a "second wave" of providing transport service to evacuees.

For this reason, the ETE for the transit-dependent population will be calculated for both a one wave transit evacuation and for two waves. Of course, if the impacted Evacuation Region is other than R03 (the entire EPZ), then there will likely be ample transit resources relative to demand in the impacted Region and this discussion of a second wave would likely not apply.When school evacuation needs are satisfied, subsequent assignments of buses to service the transit-dependent should be sensitive to their mobilization time. Clearly, the buses should be dispatched after people have completed their mobilization activities and are in a position to board the buses when they arrive at the pick-up points.Evacuation Time Estimates for transit trips were developed using both good weather and adverse weather conditions.

Figure 8-1 presents the chronology of events relevant to transit operations.

The elapsed time for each activity will now be discussed with reference to Figure 8-1.Activity:

Mobilize Drivers (A--)B3C)Mobilization is the elapsed time from the Advisory to Evacuate until the time the buses arrive at the facility to be evacuated.

It is assumed that for a rapidly escalating radiological emergency with no observable indication before the fact, school bus drivers would likely require 90 minutes to be contacted, to travel to the depot, be briefed, and to travel to the transit-dependent facilities.

Mobilization time is slightly longer in adverse weather -100 minutes when raining, 110 minutes when snowing.Quad Cities Generating Station 8-4 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 Activity:

Board Passengers (C-)D)A loading time of 15 minutes (20 minutes for rain and 25 minutes for snow) for school buses is assumed.For multiple stops along a pick-up route, (transit-dependent bus routes) estimation of travel time must allow for the delay associated with stopping and starting at each pick-up point. The time, t, required for a bus to decelerate at a rate, "a", expressed in ft/sec/sec, from a speed,"v", expressed in ft/sec, to a stop, is t = v/a. Assuming the same acceleration rate and final speed following the stop yields a total time, T, to service boarding passengers:

T=t+B+t=B+2t=B+

2, a Where B = Dwell time to service passengers.

The total distance, "s" in feet, travelled during the deceleration and acceleration activities is: s = v 2/a. If the bus had not stopped to service passengers, but had continued to travel at speed, v, then its travel time over the distance, s, would be: s/v = v/a. Then the total delay (i.e. pickup time, P) to service passengers is: a a Assigning reasonable estimates:

B = 50 seconds: a generous value for a single passenger, carrying personal items, to board per stop S v = 25 mph = 37 ft/sec* a = 4 ft/sec/sec, a moderate average rate Then, P = 1 minute per stop. Allowing 30 minutes pick-up time per bus run implies 30 stops per run, for good weather. It is assumed that bus acceleration and speed will be less in rain; total loading time is 40 minutes per bus in rain, 50 minutes in snow.Activity:

Travel to EPZ Boundary (D->E)School and Preschool Evacuation Transportation resources available were provided by Exelon and are summarized in Table 8-5.Also included in the table is the number of buses needed to evacuate schools, medical facilities, transit-dependent population, and homebound special needs (discussed below in Section 8.5).These numbers indicate there are sufficient resources available to evacuate all transit-dependent people in a single wave.The buses servicing the schools and preschools are ready to begin their evacuation trips at 105 minutes after the advisory to evacuate -90 minutes mobilization time plus 15 minutes loading time -in good weather. The UNITES software discussed in Section 1.3 was used to define bus routes along the most likely path from a school being evacuated to the EPZ boundary, traveling toward the appropriate relocation center. This is done in UNITES by interactively selecting the series of nodes from the school to the EPZ boundary.

Each bus route is given an identification number and is written to the DYNEV II input stream. DYNEV computes the route length and outputs the average speed for each 5 minute interval, for each bus route. The specified bus Quad Cities Generating Station 8-5 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 routes are documented in Table 8-6 (refer to the maps of the link-node analysis network in Appendix K for node locations).

Data provided by DYNEV during the appropriate timeframe depending on the mobilization and loading times (i.e., 100 to 105 minutes after the advisory to evacuate for good weather) were used to compute the average speed for each route, as follows: Average Speed(-r)Zý= length of link i (mi) 60 min.X hr.Delay on link i (min.) + length of link i (mi.) 60 min.L=1(mi.x 1 hr.current speed on link i The average speed computed (using this methodology) for the buses servicing each of the schools and preschools in the EPZ is shown in Table 8-7 through Table 8-9 for school evacuation, and in Table 8-11 through Table 8-13 for the transit vehicles evacuating transit-dependent persons, which are discussed later. The travel time to the EPZ boundary was computed for each bus using the computed average speed and the distance to the EPZ boundary along the most likely route out of the EPZ. The travel time from the EPZ boundary to the Relocation center or Reception Center was computed assuming an average speed of 55 mph, 50 mph, and 45 mph for good weather, rain and snow, respectively.

Speeds were reduced in Table 8-7 through Table 8-9 and in Table 8-11 through Table 8-13 to 55 mph (50 mph for rain and 45 mph for snow) for those calculated bus speeds which exceed 45 mph, as the school bus speed limit for state routes in Illinois and Iowa is 55 mph.Table 8-7 (good weather), Table 8-8 (rain) and Table 8-9 (snow) present the following evacuation time estimates (rounded up to the nearest 5 minutes) for schools and preschools in the EPZ: (1) The elapsed time from the Advisory to Evacuate until the bus exits the EPZ; and (2)The elapsed time until the bus reaches the relocation center. The evacuation time out of the EPZ can be computed as the sum of times associated with Activities A->B-->C, C--)D, and D--E (For example: 90 min. + 15 + 8 = 1:55 for Riverdale Elementary School, in good weather, rounded up to the nearest 5 minutes).

The evacuation time to the Relocation center is determined by adding the time associated with Activity E--F (discussed below), to this EPZ evacuation time.Evacuation of Transit-Dependent Population The buses dispatched from the depots to service the transit-dependent evacuees will be scheduled so that they arrive at their respective routes after their passengers have completed their mobilization.

As shown in Figure 5-4 (Residents with no Commuters), the majority (89%)of evacuees will complete their mobilization when the buses will begin their routes, approximately 120 minutes after the Advisory to Evacuate (210 minutes for snow).Quad Cities Generating Station 8-6 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 Those buses servicing the transit-dependent evacuees will first travel along their pick-up routes, then proceed out of the EPZ. The county emergency plans do not define bus routes to service the transit dependent population.

The 6 bus routes shown graphically in Figure 8-2 and described in Table 8-10 were designed as part of this study to service the major routes through each Sub-area with a resident population greater than 500. It is assumed that residents will walk to and congregate along these routes to flag down a bus, and that they can arrive at the stop/route within the 120 minute and 130 minute bus mobilization time during good weather and rain, respectively (210 minutes in snow).Due to the high transit-dependent population of Clinton, IA, more buses are required for Sub-area IAll than any other Sub-area (Table 8-10). As such, two unique routes were developed for Sub-area IAll.As previously discussed, a pickup time of 30 minutes (good weather) is estimated for 30 individual stops to pick up passengers, with an average of one minute of delay associated with each stop. Longer pickup times of 40 minutes and 50 minutes are used for rain and snow, respectively.

The travel distance along the respective pick-up routes within the EPZ is estimated using the UNITES software.

Bus travel times within the EPZ are computed using average speeds computed by DYNEV, using the aforementioned methodology that was used for school evacuation.

Table 8-11 through Table 8-13 present the transit-dependent population evacuation time estimates for each bus route calculated using the above procedures for good weather, rain and snow, respectively.

For example, the ETE for the bus route servicing Sub-areas IL2 and IL4 is computed as 120 + 13 + 30 = 2:45 for good weather. Here, 13 minutes is the time to travel 10.4 miles at 46.3 mph, the average speed output by the model for this route starting at 120 minutes. The ETE for a second wave (discussed below) is presented in the event there is a shortfall of available buses or bus drivers, as previously discussed.

Activity:

Travel to Reception Centers (E--F)The distances from the EPZ boundary to the reception centers are measured using GIS software along the most likely route from the EPZ exit point to the reception center. The reception centers are mapped in Figure 10-1. For a one-wave evacuation, this travel time outside the EPZ does not contribute to the ETE. For a two-wave evacuation, the ETE for buses must be considered separately, since it could exceed the ETE for the general population.

Assumed bus speeds of 55 mph, 50 mph, and 45 mph for good weather, rain, and snow, respectively, will be applied for this activity for buses servicing the transit-dependent population.

Activity:

Passengers Leave Bus (F--G)A bus can empty within 5 minutes. The driver takes a 10 minute break.Activity:

Bus Returns to Route for Second Wave Evacuation (G->C)The buses assigned to return to the EPZ to perform a "second wave" evacuation of transit-dependent evacuees will be those that have already evacuated transit-dependent people who Quad Cities Generating Station 8-7 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 mobilized more quickly. The first wave of transit-dependent people depart the bus, and the bus then returns to the EPZ, travels to its route and proceeds to pick up more transit-dependent evacuees along the route. The travel time back to the EPZ is equal to the travel time to the reception center.The second-wave ETE for the bus route servicing Sub-area 112 and IL4 is computed as follows for good weather: Bus arrives at reception center at 2:55 in good weather (2:45 to exit EPZ + 10 minute travel time to reception center).Bus discharges passengers (5 minutes) and driver takes a 10-minute rest: 15 minutes.Bus returns to EPZ and completes second route: 10 minutes (equal to travel time to reception center) + 13 minutes (10.4 miles @ 47.6 mph) + 11 minutes (10.4 miles @55 mph)= 34 minutes* Bus completes pick-ups along route: 30 minutes.* Bus exits EPZ at time 2:45 + 0:10 + 0:15 + 0:34 + 0:30 = 4:15 (rounded to nearest 5 minutes) after the Advisory to Evacuate.The ETE for the completion of the second wave for all transit-dependent bus routes are provided in Table 8-11 through Table 8-13. The average ETE for a one-wave evacuation of transit-dependent people is slightly longer than the ETE for the general population at the 9 0 th percentile.

The two-wave evacuation of transit-dependent people is 1 to 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> longer than the ETE for the general population at the 9 0 th percentile.

The relocation of transit-dependent evacuees from the reception centers to congregate care centers, if PEMA and the counties decide to do so, is not considered in this study.Evacuation of Medical Facilities The evacuation of these facilities is similar to school evacuation except: Buses are assigned on the basis of 30 patients to allow for staff to accompany the patients.

Wheelchair vans can accommodate 4 patients, and ambulances can accommodate 2 patients.Loading times of 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 15 minutes per patient are assumed for ambulatory patients, wheelchair bound patients, and bedridden patients, respectively.

Table 8-4 indicates that 19 bus runs, 68 wheelchair van runs and 11 ambulance runs are needed to service all of the medical facilities in the EPZ. According to Table 8-5, the counties can collectively provide 403 buses, 122 wheelchair accessible vans, and 70 ambulances.

Thus, there are sufficient resources to evacuate the ambulatory, wheelchair-bound, and bed-ridden persons from the medical facilities in a single wave.As is done for the schools, it is estimated that mobilization time averages 90 minutes (100 in rain and 110 in snow). Specially trained medical support staff (working their regular shift) will Quad Cities Generating Station 8-8 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 be on site to assist in the evacuation of patients.

Additional staff (if needed) could be mobilized over this same 90 minute timeframe.

Table 8-14 through Table 8-16 summarize the ETE for medical facilities within the EPZ for good weather, rain, and snow. Average speeds output by the model for Scenario 6 (Scenario 7 for rain and Scenario 8 for snow) Region 3, capped at 55 mph (50 mph for rain and 45 mph for snow), are used to compute travel time to EPZ boundary.

The travel time to the EPZ boundary is computed by dividing the distance to the EPZ boundary by the average travel speed. The ETE is the sum of the mobilization time, total passenger loading time, and travel time out of the EPZ. Concurrent loading on multiple buses, wheelchair vans, and ambulances at capacity is assumed such that the maximum loading times for buses, wheelchair vans and ambulances are 30, 20 and 30 minutes, respectively.

All ETE are rounded to the nearest 5 minutes. For example, the calculation of ETE for Alverno Health Care Facility with 92 ambulatory residents during good weather is: ETE: 90 + 1 x 30 + 46 = 166 min. or 2:50 rounded to the nearest 5 minutes.It is assumed that medical facility population is directly evacuated to appropriate host medical facilities outside of the EPZ. Relocation of this population to permanent facilities and/or passing through the reception center before arriving at the host facility are not considered in this analysis.8.5 Special Needs Population The special needs population was estimated from the transit-dependent population data provided by local OROs. There is 85 homebound special needs people within the EPZ who require transportation assistance to evacuate.

Using average percentages from Table 8-4, approximately 52 transit dependent people would require a bus, 31 would require wheelchair capable vehicle, and 1 would require an ambulance.

ETE for Homebound Special Needs Persons Table 8-17 summarizes the ETE for homebound special needs people. The table is categorized by type of vehicle required and then broken down by weather condition.

The table takes into consideration the deployment of multiple vehicles to reduce the number of stops per vehicle.It is conservatively assumed that ambulatory and wheelchair bound special needs households are spaced 3 miles apart and bedridden households are spaced 5 miles apart. Van and bus speeds approximate 20 mph between households and ambulance speeds approximate 15 mph in good weather (10% slower in rain, 20% slower in snow). Mobilization times of 90 minutes were used (100 minutes for rain, and 110 minutes for snow). Loading times of 5 minute, 5 minutes, and 15 minutes per person are assumed for ambulatory people, wheelchair bound people, and bedridden people, respectively.

The last HH is assumed to be 5 miles from the EPZ boundary, and the network-wide average speed, capped at 55 mph (50 mph for rain and 45 mph for snow), after the last pickup is used to compute travel time. ETE is computed by summing mobilization time, loading time at first household, travel to subsequent households, Quad Cities Generating Station 8-9 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 loading time at subsequent households, and travel time to EPZ boundary.

All ETE are rounded to the nearest 5 minutes.For example, assuming no more than one special needs person per HH implies that 52 ambulatory households need to be serviced.

Given a bus capacity of 30 people, 2 buses are needed to service the population.

While only 2 buses are needed from a capacity perspective, if 8 buses are deployed to service these special needs HH, then each would require about 7 stops. The following outlines the ETE calculations:

1. Assume 8 buses are deployed, each with about 7 stops, to service a total of 52 HH.2. The following outlines the ETE calculations:

a. Bus arrive at the first pickup location:

90 minutes b. Load HH members at first pickup: 5 minutes c. Travel to subsequent pickup locations:

6 @ 9 minutes = 54 minutes d. Load HH members at subsequent pickup locations:

6 @ 5 minutes = 30 minutes e. Travel to EPZ boundary:

12 minutes (5 miles @ 24.6 mph).ETE: 90 + 5 + 54 + 30 + 12 = 3:15 rounded up to the nearest 5 minutes Table 8-5 indicates that there are sufficient transportation resources available in the EPZ to evacuate the medical facilities and the homebound special needs population simultaneously.

The average ETE for homebound special needs is approximately 30 minutes longer than the general population ETE at the 9 0 th percentile for a single wave.8.6 Correctional Facilities As detailed in Table E-7, there is one correctional facility within the EPZ -Clinton County Jail.The total inmate capacity of these facilities is 32 persons. According to the discussions with Exelon and local OROs, the inmates would shelter-in-place if an evacuation were ordered. Thus, ETE are not computed for this facility.Quad Cities Generating Station 8-10 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 (Subsequent Wave)Time A Advisory to Evacuate B Bus Dispatched from Depot C Bus Arrives at Facility/Pick-up Route D Bus Departs for Reception Center E Bus Exits Region F Bus Arrives at Reception Center/Host Facility G Bus Available for "Second Wave" Evacuation Service A-->B Driver Mobilization B->C Travel to Facility or to Pick-up Route C-->D Passengers Board the Bus D---E Bus Travels Towards Region Boundary E---F Bus Travels Towards Reception Center Outside the EPZ F--*G Passengers Leave Bus; Driver Takes a Break Figure 8-1. Chronology of Transit Evacuation Operations Quad Cities Generating Station 8-11 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 Figure 8-2. QDC Transit-Dependent Bus Routes Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-12 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-1. Transit-Dependent Population Estimates Avrg Percent.Percent~~~~S H Sie TtlPope Pplto Avrg H. wit Toa H for HH Pepe Etmtd Reurn eurn Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-13 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-2. School and Preschool Population Demand Estimates 1L6 1 Riverdale Senior High School 346 7 116 Riverdale Junior High School 250 4 116 Riverdale Elementary School 599 9 Rock Island County Subtotal:

1,195 20 Clinton Couny IAll Ashford College 340 0 IAll Bluff Elementary School 507 8 IA5 Camanche Elementary School 381 6 IA5 Camanche High School 326 6 IA5 Camanche Middle School 345 7 IAll Clinton Community College 400 0 IAll Clinton Community College Technology Center 100 0 IAll Clinton High School 1,250 23 IAll Eagle Heights Elementary School 580 9 IAll Jefferson Elementary School 471 7 IAll Lincoln High School 98 2 IAll Lyons Middle School 342 7 IAll Prince of Peace Catholic School 291 6 IAll Washington Middle School 630 12 IAll Whittier Elementary School 309 5 Clinton County Subtotal:

6,370 98_Scott County IA12 Bridgeview Elementary School 331 5 IA12 Cody School 332 5 IA12 Pleasant Valley Junior High School 572 11 IA6 Virgil Grissom Elementary School 264 4 SoffCounty Sub Total 1,499 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-14 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Sub Buse Rock Isl and Co u nty IL6 Life's Little Miracles Inc. 20 1 IL6 Messiah Lutheran Church Preschool 18 1 Rock Island County Subtotal.

38 2 Clinton County____

IAll Ashford Pre-School 50 1 IAll Clinton Head Start 88 2 IA5 Kids' First Academy 133 2 IAll Mercy Child & Pre 147 3 IAll St John Lutheran Preschool 24 1 IAll Stay & Play Daycare 52 1 IAll Unity Christian 50 1 IAll Wee School 90 2 IAll YWCA 92 2 IAll YWCA Children's Center 103 2 IAll Zion Day Care 115 2 Clinton County Subtotal:

944 19 Scott County _05_IA12 Kiddie Karrasel Academy 105 2 rnftf rnnt, Cih Tntnl lna I 2 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-15 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-3. School and Preschool Relocation Facilities Schoo Reoato Cente Life's Little Miracles Inc.Messiah Lutheran Church Preschool Riverdale Elementary School Riverdale Junior High School Rock Island High School Riverdale Senior High School Iowa Clno Cont Ashford College Northeast Senior High School Ashford Pre-School Bluff Elementary School North High School Camanche Elementary School Camanche High School Central High School Camanche Middle School Clinton Community College Clinton Community College Technology Northeast Senior High School Center Clinton Head Start Clinton High School West High School Eagle Heights Elementary School Jefferson Elementary School Kids' First Academy North Scott Senior High School Lincoln High School DeWitt Central Middle/ High School Lyons Middle School Calamus/Wheatland Elementary School Mercy Child & Pre Northeast Senior High School Prince of Peace Catholic School Wood Junior High School St John Lutheran Preschool Stay & Play Daycare Northeast Senior High School Unity Christian Washington Middle School Calamus/Wheatland High School Wee School Northeast Senior High School Whittier Elementary School North High School YWCA YWCA Children's Center Northeast Senior High School Zion Day Care Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-16 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 School, ReoainCne Bridgeview Elementary School Cody School Kiddie Karrasel Academy North Scott Junior High School Pleasant Valley Junior High School Virgil Grissom Elementary School Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-17 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-4. Medical Facility Transit Demand Whel Wheel.. .-Sub- Curn 0.bu chi Bed Bus 0chair~IAll Alverno Health Care Facility Clinton 126 30 92 4 1 23 2 IAll Bickford Cottage Clinton 37 27 10 0 1 3 0 IAll Country Side Clinton 33 33 0 0 2 0 0 IAll Eagle Point Nursing and Rehabilitation Center Clinton 69 58 10 1 2 3 1 IAll Lyons Manor Clinton 50 41 8 1 2 2 1 IAll Mercy Hospital Clinton 66 43 19 4 2 5 2 IAll Mercy Living North Clinton 67 9 58 0 1 15 0 IAll Mercy Living South Clinton 79 23 48 8 1 12 4 IAll Park Towers Clinton 71 59 11 1 2 3 1 IAll Prairie Hills Clinton 79 77 2 0 3 1 0 IAll Sarah Harding Retirement Clinton 47 44 3 0 2 1 0 Quad Cities Generating Station 8-18 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 Table 8-5. Summary of Transportation Resources Clinton County, IA 1 50 1 60 1 9 1 Scott County, IA 149 60 22 Rock Island, IL 100 2 4 Whiteside, IL 104 0 35 Schools and Preschools/Daycares (Table 8-2): 166 0 0 Medical Facilities (Table 8-4): 19 68 11 Transit-Dependent Population (Table 8-10): 14 0 0 Homebound Special Needs (Section 8.5): 8 8 1 Correctional Facilities (Section 8.6): Shelter-In-Place Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-19 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-6. Bus Route Descriptions Bus Nube De scito Noe Trvese fro Rout Str to Boudar Camanche Elementary School, 848, 938, 623, 192, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 97, 96, 100, 1 Middle School, & High School 401, 101, 102, 103 2 Mercy Living North and Mercy 134,135,136,579,555,556,557,583,558,559 Living South Sara Harding Retirement and 611, 612, 613, 614, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 579, 555, Mercy Child and Preschool 556, 557, 583, 558, 559 4 Alverno Health 413, 412, 411, 580, 557, 583, 558, 559 5 Bickford Cottage 411, 580, 557, 583, 558, 559 6 Country Side and Wee School 412, 411, 580, 557, 583, 558, 559 7 iagle Point "Nursing & KenaD, Messiah Preschool, St John Lutheran Preschool, YWCA Day Care, and Lyons Manor 579,555,556,557,583,558,559 8 Park Towers 127, 128, 129, 130, 742, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 579, 555, 556, 557, 583, 558, 559 Prairie Hills, Zion Day Care, and 410,580,557,583,558,559 YWCA Day Care Riverdale Elementary School, 10 Middle S lmenHigh School 797, 800, 439, 503, 440, 465, 464, 79, 78, 943 Middle School, & High School 376, 378, 379, 377, 380, 375, 374, 287, 280, 303, 281, 11 Grissom Elementary School89 891 Lincoln High School, Clinton High 12 School and Bluff Elementary 605, 604, 98, 97, 96, 100, 401, 101, 102, 103 School 13 Eagle Heights Elementary School 98, 97, 96, 100, 401, 101, 102, 103 Lyons Middle School, Prince of Peace High School, Whittier 14 Elementary School, Jefferson 99, 625, 604, 98, 97, 96, 100, 401, 101, 102, 103 Elementary School, and Washington Middle School 15 Pleasant Valley Jr High School 819, 707, 820 16 Bridgeview Elementary School 443, 175, 164, 442, 40, 39, 38, 445 289, 288, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 176, 175, 164, 442, 17 Cody Elementary School40393845 40, 39, 38, 445 848, 849, 624, 195, 196, 99, 109, 110, 111, 112, 922, 18 Kids' First Academy 113, 114, 115, 116, 127, 128, 129, 130, 742, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 579, 555, 556, 557, 583, 558, 559 19 IECT Clinton Head St 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 579, 555, 556, 557, 583, 558, 559 20 Ashford Pre-School 612, 413, 412, 411, 580, 557, 583, 558, 559 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-20 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Bus .** .6 I* ..21 Stay & Play Day Care and Unity Christian 110, 111, 112, 922, 113, 114, 115, 116, 127, 128, 129, 130, 742, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 579, 555, 556, 557,583,558,559 22 Life's Little Miracles Inc. 841,232,233,234,235 23 Kiddie Karrasel 161,162,163,176,175,164,442,40,39,38,445 24 US 61 South 920, 919, 918, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 344, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 1, 25, 26, 27 25 US 61 North 27, 26, 25, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 344, 13,14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 918, 919, 920 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 445, 38, 39, 40, 41, 805, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 27 1-80Westbound 50,49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,805,41,40,39,38, 445,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28 28 1-74 Eastbound 51, 52, 53, 936, 54, 55, 902, 905, 917, 903, 904 29 1-74 Westbound 904, 903, 917, 905, 902, 55, 54, 936, 53, 52, 51 95, 94, 93, 92, 91, 90, 89, 88, 87, 86, 85, 84, 83, 82, 81, 30 1-88 Westbound 80, 79, 78, 943, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 72, 71, 70, 69, 68, 67, 66 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 943, 78, 79, 31 1-88 Eastbound 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95 32 112 & 1-4 201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211, 527,528,889 33 I16 223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,841,232, 233,234,235 34 IA6 & IA12 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,176,175,164,442,40,39,38,445 181,182,183,184,185,186,187,197,188,189,198, 35 IA3 & IA5 190,191,192,618,619,830,831,832,833,834,354, 355,356 98,604,625,99,109,110,111,730,844,609,610,611, 36 IAll (1) 612,613,614,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139, 140,141 111, 112, 922, 113, 114, 115, 116, 127, 128, 129, 130, 37 IAl (2) 742,548,549,550,551,552,133,414,413,412,411, 580,557,583,558,559 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-21 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-7. School and Preschool Evacuation Time Estimates

-Good Weather I Riverdale Elementary School I 90 Riverdale Junior High School IRiverdale Senior Hi~yh School 15 6.3 46.6 8 15 6.3 46.6 8 15 6.1 46.6 8 25.7 28 25.7 28 25.7 28 I I Bluff Elementary School 90 15 13.7 49.6 17 Camanche Elementary School 90 15 13.9 46.7 18 Camanche High School 90 15 14.3 46.7 18 Camanche Middle School 90 15 14.3 46.7 18 Clinton High School 90 15 14.4 49.6 17 Eagle Heights Elementary School 90 15 16.7 50.3 20 Jefferson Elementary School 90 15 16.1 49.2 20 Lincoln High School 90 15 13.2 49.6 16 Lyons Middle School 90 15 18.6 49.1 23 Prince of Peace Catholic School 90 15 15.5 49.2 19 Washington Middle School 90 15 16.1 49.2 20 Whittier Elementary School 90 15 16.9 49.1 21 Scott County Bridgeview Elementary School 90 15 3.9 55.0 4 Cody School 90 15 6.6 35.2 11 Pleasant Valley Junior High School 90 15 0.2 27.7 0 Virgil Grissom Elementary School 90 15 10.3 52.2 12 School Maximum for EPZ: School Average for EPZ: 21.8 24.7 24.7 24.7 26.8 21.8 21.8 5.1 21.2 23.5 21.2 21.8 24 27 27 27 29 24 24 6 23 26 23 24 13.7 15 13.7 15 16.3 18 4.3 5 School Maximum: School Average: Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-22 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-23 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-8. School and Preschool Evacuation Time Estimates

-Rain Riverdale Elementary School 100 I 20 I 6.3 1 44.5 I 9 Riverdale Junior High School 100 20 6.3 44.5 9 Riverdale Senior High School 100 20 1 44.7 1.......o Couny Bluff Elementary School 100 20 13.7 44.7 18 Camanche Elementary School 100 20 13.9 42.4 20 Camanche High School 100 20 14.3 42.6 20 Camanche Middle School 100 20 14.3 42.6 20 Clinton High School 100 20 14.4 44.7 19 Eagle Heights Elementary School 100 20 16.7 45.1 22 Jefferson Elementary School 100 20 16.1 44.4 22 Lincoln High School 100 20 13.2 44.7 18 Lyons Middle School 100 20 18.6 44.4 25 Prince of Peace Catholic School 100 20 15.5 44.4 21 Washington Middle School 100 20 16.1 44.4 22 Whittier Elementary School 100 1 20 16.9 44.4 23... ... ... .::Scott County Bridgeview Elementary School 100 20 3.9 50.0 5 Cody School 100 20 6.6 29.6 13 Pleasant Valley Junior High School 100 20 0.2 44.8 0 Virgil Grissom Elementary School 100 20 10.3 47.7 13 School Maximum for EPZ: School Average for EPZ: 25.7 31 25.7 31') C '1 21.8 26 24.7 30 24.7 30 24.7 30 26.8 32 21.8 26 21.8 26 5.1 6 21.2 25 23.5 28 21.2 25 21.8 26 13.7 16 13.7 16 16.3 20 4.3 5 School Maximum: School Average:_Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-24 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 I Life's Little Miracles Inc.100 20 2.5 43.4 4 21.3 21.3 Messiah Lutheran Church Preschool 100 20 2.5 _F 6.8 22 Clinton County Ashford Pre-School 100 20 3.5 2.6 82 Clinton Head Start 100 20 4.7 5.8 48 Kids' First Academy 100 20 11.2 11.3 60 Mercy Child & Pre 100 20 6.0 6.2 58 St John Lutheran Preschool 100 20 2.8 6.8 25 Stay & Play Daycare 100 20 8.1 8.8 55 Unity Christian 100 20 7.0 8.6 49 Wee School 100 20 3.5 4.4 48 YWCA 100 20 5.2 6.3 50 YWCA Children's Center 100 20 3.3 6.9 28 Zion Day Care 100 20 5.2 6.3 50 Scott County Kiddie Karrasel Academy 100 20 4.1 127.7 9 Preschool Maximum for EPZ: Preschool Average for EPZ: 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13.7 16 Preschool Maximum: Preschool Average: Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-25 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-9. School and Preschool Evacuation Time Estimates

-Snow Riverdale Elementary School 1 110 Riverdale Junior High School 1 Riverdale Senior High School 1 25 6.3 38.2 10 25 6.3 38.2 10 25 6.1 38.2 10 25.7 34 25.7 34 25.7 34 Bluff Elementary School 110 25 13.7 40.5 20 Camanche Elementary School 110 25 13.9 38.5 22 Camanche High School 110 25 14.3 38.5 22 Camanche Middle School 110 25 14.3 38.5 22 Clinton High School 110 25 14.4 40.5 21 Eagle Heights Elementary School 110 25 16.7 41.0 24 Jefferson Elementary School 110 25 16.1 40.3 24 Lincoln High School 110 25 13.2 40.4 20 Lyons Middle School 110 25 18.6 40.4 28 Prince of Peace Catholic School 110 25 15.5 40.3 23 Washington Middle School 110 25 16.1 40.3 24 Whittier Elementary School 110 25 16.9 40.4 25_________________

______ ____Scott County___Bridgeview Elementary School 110 25 3.9 45.0 5 Cody School 110 25 6.6 40.2 10 Pleasant Valley Junior High School 110 25 0.2 40.0 0 Virgil Grissom Elementary School 110 25 10.3 42.2 15 School Maximum for EPZ: School Average for EPZ: 21.8 24.7 24.7 24.7 26.8 21.8 21.8 5.1 21.2 23.5 21.2 21.8 29 33 33 33 36 29 29 7 28 31 28 29 13.7 18 13.7 18 16.3 22 4.3 6 School Maximum: School Average: Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-26 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Life's Little Miu Inc.I 110 I I 2.5 38.2 4 21.3 28 21.3 28 i I.I I rch P ol I 110 I I 2.5 I 6.8 1 23 Ashford Pre-School 110 25 3.5 2.6 83 Clinton Head Start 110 25 4.7 5.0 56 Kids' First Academy 110 25 11.2 9.4 72 Mercy Child & Pre 110 25 6.0 5.6 64 St John Lutheran Preschool 110 25 2.8 6.8 25 Stay & Play Daycare 110 25 8.1 7.4 66 Unity Christian 110 25 7.0 7.1 58 Wee School 110 25 3.5 3.9 54 YWCA 110 25 5.2 5.4 58 YWCA Children's Center 110 25 3.3 6.8 29 Zion Day Care 110 25 5.2 5.4 58 Scott County Kiddie Karrasel Academy 110 25 4.1 1 43.2 6 Preschool Maximum for EPZ: Preschool Average for EPZ: 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 13.7 18 Preschool Maximum: Preschool Average: Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-27 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-10. Summary of Transit-Dependent Bus Routes N. ofLnt Route ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I Bue Rot ecito ML IL2 & IL4 1 From plant entrance, follow IL-84 northbound to Garden Plain Road. Make a right turn onto Garden Plain Road and follow to EPZ boundary.

Continue to Morrison High School.10.4 IL6 1 Take IL-84 southbound from 171st Ave North through Port Byron and to the EPZ 7.9 boundary at Rapids City. Continue to Rock Island High School.From Lost Grove Rd take US-67 South into Le Claire. Make a right turn onto the IA6 & IA12 2 1-80 westbound entrance ramp. Follow 1-80 westbound to the EPZ boundary.

11.0 Continue to North Scott Senior High School.From 380th Ave take US-67 north towards Camanche.

Make a right turn onto S Washington Blvd. Continue on S Washington Blvd and make a right onto 4th Ave. Follow 4th Ave to the right turn at the end onto 2nd St. Make a right turn IA3 & IAS 2 off of 2nd St onto 9th Ave. Continue on 9th Ave and follow it around the bend to 18.0 the left where the road turns into 21st Street. Take 21st Street to 380th Ave and make a right turn. Follow 380th Ave out of the EPZ. Continue to Northeast Senior High School.Starting at Mill Creek Parkway head east on US-30 towards Clinton. Make a left onto S 14th Street. Continue to end and make a right onto S Bluff Blvd. Follow S IAll (1) 4 Bluff Blvd to 2nd Ave S. Make a right onto 2nd Ave S and continue until S 3rd St. 8.9 Make a Left onto S 3rd Street and take to the EPZ boundary.

Continue to Northeast Senior High School.Starting at S 14th St drive east on US-30. Follow US 30 around a large bend to the left and continue north on S 3rd Street. Make a right onto 2nd Ave S and IAll (2) 4 then a left onto US-67. Make a Left onto 13th Ave N and follow until 16th St 7.9 NW. Follow 16th St NW to State Road 136. Make a left onto State Road 136 and follow to the EPZ boundary.

Continue to Northeast Senior High School.Total: 14 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-28 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-11. Transit-Dependent Evacuation Time Estimates

-Good Weather Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-29 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-12. Transit-Dependent Evacuation Time Estimates

-Rain 112 & 1L4 1 130 10.4 41.6 15 40 IL6 1 130 7.9 45.6 10 40 IA6 & IA12 2 130 11.0 40.1 16 40 IA3 & IAS 2 130 18.0 44.1 24 40 IAll (1) 4 130 8.9 10.3 52 40 IAll (2) 4 130 7.9 5.1 92 40 Maximum ETE: Average ETE: 9.0 11 5 10 37 40 21.5 26 5 10 45 40 12.2 15 5 10 41 40 7.0 8 5 10 52 40 12.3 15 5 10 35 40 9.9 12 5 10 30 40 Maximum ETE: Average ETE: Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-30 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-13. Transit Dependent Evacuation Time Estimates

-Snow I112 & IL4 1 210 10.4 1 36.91 17 50 9.0 12 5 1 10 1 40 50 116 1 210 7.9 39.9 12 50 IA6 & IA12 2 210 11.0 41.2 16 50 IA3 & IA5 2 210 18.0 39.0 28 50 IAll (1) 4 210 8.9 18.8 28 50 IAll (2) 4 210 7.9 8.4 56 50 Maximum ETE: Average ETE: 21.5 29 5 10 48 50 12.2 16 5 10 44 50 7.0 9 5 10 53 50 12.3 16 5 10 38 50 9.9 13 5 10 32 50 Maximum ETE: Average ETE: Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-31 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-14. Medical Facility Evacuation Time Estimates

-Good Weather Moiizto (mi per Toa Loadin Dit To.0 onar Alverno Health Care Ambulatory 90 1 92 30 3.2 46 2:50 Facility Wheelchair bound 90 5 4 20 3.2 47 2:40 Bedridden 90 15 1 15 3.2 49 2:35 Ambulatory 90 1 10 10 2.4 24 2:05 Bickford Cottage Wheelchair bound 90 5 10 50 2.4 23 2:45 Bedridden 90 15 10 30 2.4 22 2:25 Ambulatory 90 1 0 0 5.6 64 2:35 Country Side Wheelchair bound 90 5 0 0 5.6 64 2:35 Bedridden 90 15 0 0 5.6 64 2:35 Eagle Point Nursing and Ambulatory 90 1 10 10 2.9 26 2:10 Rehabilitation Center Wheelchair bound 90 5 10 50 2.9 18 2:40 Bedridden 90 15 10 30 2.9 22 2:25 Ambulatory 90 1 8 8 2.9 26 2:05 Lyons Manor Wheelchair bound 90 5 8 40 2.9 21 2:35 Bedridden 90 15 8 30 2.9 22 2:25 Ambulatory 90 1 19 19 6.0 60 2:50 Mercy Hospital Wheelchair bound 1 90 1 5 ] 19 [ 75 6.0 29 3:15 Bedridden 90 15 191 30 6.0 52 2:55 Ambulatory 90 1 58 30 3.9 36 2:40 Mercy Living North Wheelchair bound 90 5 58 75 3.9 26 3:15 Bedridden 90 15 58 30 3.9 36 2:40 Ambulatory 90 1 48 30 6.0 52 2:55 Mercy Living South Wheelchair bound 90 5 48 75 6.0 36 3:25 Bedridden 90 15 48 30 6.0 52 2:55 Ambulatory 90 1 11 11 5.3 52 2:35 Park Towers Wheelchair bound 90 5 11 55 5.3 34 3:00 Bedridden 90 15 11 30 5.3 45 2:45 Quad Cities Generating Station 8-32 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 Ambulatory 90 1 2 2 2.2 18 1:50 Prairie Hills Wheelchair bound 90 5 2 10 2.2 19 2:00 Bedridden 90 15 2 30 2.2 15 2:15 Ambulatory 90 1 3 3 2.6 40 2:15 Sarah Harding Retirement Wheelchair bound 90 5 3 15 2.6 34 2:20 Bedridden 90 15 3 30 2.6 28 2:30 Maximum ETE: 3:25 Average ETE: 2:40 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-33 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-15. Medical Facility Evacuation Time Estimates

-Rain Alverno Health Care Ambulatory 100 1 92 30 3.2 46 3:00 Facility Wheelchair bound 100 5 4 20 3.2 49 2:50 Bedridden 100 15 1 15 3.2 52 2:50 Ambulatory 100 1 10 10 2.4 29 2:20 Bickford Cottage Wheelchair bound 100 5 10 50 2.4 24 2:55 Bedridden 100 15 10 30 2.4 28 2:40 Ambulatory 100 1 0 0 5.6 72 2:55 Country Side Wheelchair bound 100 5 0 0 5.6 72 2:55 Bedridden 100 15 0 0 5.6 72 2:55 Eagle Point Nursing and Ambulatory 100 1 10 10 2.9 27 2:20" L.: I: ; Wheelchair bound 100 5 10 50 2.9 20 2:50 rnte adIIt LIUI on cen~ Iter I ~ I I I I Bedridden 100 15 10 30 2.9 23 2:35 Ambulatory 100 1 8 8 2.9 27 2:15 Lyons Manor Wheelchair bound 100 5 8 40 2.9 21 2:45 Bedridden 100 15 8 30 2.9 24 2:35 Ambulatory 100 1 19 19 6.0 58 3:00 Mercy Hospital Wheelchair bound 100 5 19 75 6.0 32 3:30 Bedridden 100 15 19 30 6.0 54 3:05 Ambulatory 100 1 58 30 3.9 37 2:50 Mercy Living North Wheelchair bound 100 5 58 75 3.9 28 3:25 Bedridden 100 15 58 30 3.9 37 2:50 Ambulatory 100 1 48 30 6.0 55 3:05 Mercy Living South Wheelchair bound 100 5 48 75 6.0 40 3:35 Bedridden 100 15 48 30 6.0 55 3:05 Ambulatory 100 1 11 11 5.3 52 2:45 Park Towers Wheelchair bound 100 5 11 55 5.3 36 3:15 Bedridden 100 15 11 30 5.3 45 2:55 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-34 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 LodngTaelTm Rate o EP Mobilzatio (mi pe To .a Lodn Dst To

• Boudr E.Medica Failt Pain (min pesn P.eopl Ti e( i) .0y( i mi)(r Ambulatory 100 1 2 2 2.2 19 2:05 Prairie Hills Wheelchair bound J 100 5 2 J 10 2.2 [ 22 1 2:15 Bedridden 100 15 2 30 2.2 22 2:35 Ambulatory 100 1 3 3 2.6 41 2:25 Sarah Harding Retirement Wheelchair bound 100 5 3 15 2.6 36 2:35 Bedridden 100 15 3 30 2.6 30 2:40 Maximum ETE: 3:35 Average ETE: 2:50 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-35 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-16. Medical Facility Evacuation Time Estimates

-Snow Lodn Trve Time.Ambulatory 110 1 92 30 3.2 55 3:15 Alverno Health Care Facility Wheelchair bound 110 J 5 1 4 20 1 3.2 57 3:10 Bedridden 110 15 1 15 3.2 58 3:05 Ambulatory 110 1 10 10 2.4 33 2:35 Bickford Cottage Wheelchair bound 110 5 10 50 2.4 31 3:15 Bedridden 110 15 10 30 2.4 32 2:55 Ambulatory 110 1 0 0 5.6 85 3:15 Country Side Wheelchair bound 110 5 0 0 5.6 85 3:15 Bedridden 110 15 0 0 5.6 85 3:15 Eagle Point Nursing and Ambulatory 110 1 10 10 2.9 28 2:30 Rehabilitation Center Wheelchair bound 110 5 10 50 2.9 27 3:10 Bedridden 110 15 10 30 2.9 25 2:45 Ambulatory 110 1 8 8 2.9 28 2:30 Lyons Manor Wheelchair bound 110 5 8 40 2.9 25 2:55 Bedridden 110 15 8 30 2.9 25 2:45 Ambulatory 110 1 19 19 6.0 66 3:15 Mercy Hospital Wheelchair bound 110 5 19 75 6.0 47 3:55 Bedridden 110 15 19 30 6.0 63 3:25 Ambulatory 110 1 58 30 3.9 48 3:10 Mercy Living North Wheelchair bound 110 5 58 75 3.9 42 3:50 Bedridden 110 15 58 30 3.9 48 3:10 Ambulatory 110 1 48 30 6.0 71 3:35 Mercy Living South Wheelchair bound 110 5 48 75 6.0 55 4:00 Bedridden 110 15 48 30 6.0 71 3:35 Ambulatory 110 1 11 11 5.3 59 3:00 Park Towers Wheelchair bound 110 5 11 55 5.3 49 3:35 Bedridden 110 15 11 30 5.3 57 3:20 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-36 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Moiizto (mi pe Tota Lodn Dist. To .0 ondr Ambulatory 110 1 2 2 2.2 24 2:20 Prairie Hills Wheelchair bound J 110 5 1 1 1 10 2.2 1 26 2:30 Bedridden 110 15 2 30 2.2 23 2:45 Ambulatory 110 1 3 3 2.6 38 2:35 Sarah Harding Retirement Wheelchair bound 110 5 3 15 2.6 34 2:40 Bedridden 110 15 3 30 2.6 30 2:50 Maximum ETE: 4:00 Average ETE: 3:10 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-37 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 Table 8-17. Homebound Special Needs Population Evacuation Time Estimates Requres 52ice Wete 5im 60 St0 3:30en usqun ondr T Buses 52 8 7 Rain Snow 100 110 5 60 66 30 14 13 3:30 3:45 Good 90 27 12 2:30 Wheelchair 31 8 4 Rain 100 5 30 15 14 2:45 Vans Snow 110 33 13 2:55 Good 90 20 12 2:35 Ambulances 2 1 2 Rain 100 15 22 15 13 2:45 Snow 110 25 12 3:00 Maximum ETE: 3:45 Average ETE: 3:00 Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 8-38 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0 9 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGY This section discusses the suggested traffic control and management strategy that is designed to expedite the movement of evacuating traffic. The resources required to implement this strategy include:* Personnel with the capabilities of performing the planned control functions of traffic guides (preferably, not necessarily, law enforcement officers)." Traffic Control Devices to assist these personnel in the performance of their tasks. These devices should comply with the guidance of the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S.D.O.T.

All state and most county transportation agencies have access to the MUTCD, which is available on-line: http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov which provides access to the official PDF version.* A plan that defines all locations, provides necessary details and is documented in a format that is readily understood by those assigned to perform traffic control.The functions to be performed in the field are: 1. Facilitate evacuating traffic movements that safely expedite travel out of the EPZ.2. Discourage traffic movements that move evacuating vehicles in a direction which takes them significantly closer to the power plant, or which interferes with the efficient flow of other evacuees.We employ the terms "facilitate" and "discourage" rather than "enforce" and "prohibit" to indicate the need for flexibility in performing the traffic control function.

There are always legitimate reasons for a driver to prefer a direction other than that indicated.

For example: " A driver may be traveling home from work or from another location, to join other family members prior to evacuating.

• An evacuating driver may be travelling to pick up a relative, or other evacuees.* The driver may be an emergency worker en route to perform an important activity.The implementation of a plan must also be flexible enough for the application of sound judgment by the traffic guide.The traffic management plan is the outcome of the following process: 1. The existing TCPs and ACPs identified by the offsite agencies in their emergency plans serve as the basis of the traffic management plan, as per NUREG/CR-7002.

2. Computer analysis of the evacuation traffic flow environment (see Figures 7-3 through 7-8).This analysis identifies the best routing and those critical intersections that experience pronounced congestion.

Any critical intersections that would benefit from traffic or access control which are not already identified in the existing offsite plans are suggested as additional TCPs and ACPs.Quad Cities Generating Station 9-1 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0

3. The existing TCPs and ACPs, and how they were applied in this study, are discussed in Appendix G.4. Prioritization of TCPs and ACPs.Application of traffic and access control at some TCPs and ACPs will have a more pronounced influence on expediting traffic movements than at other TCPs and ACPs. For example, TCPs controlling traffic originating from areas in close proximity to the power plant could have a more beneficial effect on minimizing potential exposure to radioactivity than those TCPs located far from the power plant. These priorities should be assigned by state/local emergency management representatives and by law enforcement personnel.

The ETE simulations discussed in Section 7.3 indicate that the evacuation routes leaving Clinton are oversaturated and experience pronounced congestion due to the limited capacity of the roadways and the large number of evacuating vehicles.

During preliminary simulations, the intersection of CR Z36 (3 8 0th Ave) and CR F12 (Elvira Rd) exhibited significant congestion due to the 4-way stop control at the intersection.

The intersection of CR Z36 and State Route 136 also exhibited pronounced congestion.

Evacuees within Clinton County use CR Z36 northbound to access the Northeast Senior High School Reception Center in Goose Lake. These vehicles must stop at the intersection with Route 136 which is also servicing evacuees from Clinton attempting to access the Northeast Senior High School Reception Center. Positioning a traffic control officer at these intersections will override the stop signs and hasten the evacuation of these vehicles.

It is recommended that the intersection of CR Z36 and CR F12 and the intersection of CR Z36 and State Route 136 be considered as additional TCPs to facilitate the evacuation of the QDC EPZ. These additional TCPs were included in developing the ETE values documented in Section 7 after preliminary simulations showed a decrease in ETE of up to two hours and 5 minutes when the intersections were considered as TCPs.The use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies can reduce manpower and equipment needs, while still facilitating the evacuation process. Dynamic Message Signs (DMS)can be placed within the EPZ to provide information to travelers regarding traffic conditions, route selection, and reception center information.

DMS can also be placed outside of the EPZ to warn motorists to avoid using routes that may conflict with the flow of evacuees away from the power plant. Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) can be used to broadcast information to evacuees en route through their vehicle stereo systems. Automated Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) can also be used to provide evacuees with information.

Internet websites can provide traffic and evacuation route information before the evacuee begins their trip, while on board navigation systems (GPS units), cell phones, and pagers can be used to provide information en route. These are only several examples of how ITS technologies can benefit the evacuation process. Consideration should be given that ITS technologies be used to facilitate the evacuation process, and any additional signage placed should consider evacuation needs.The ETE analysis treated all controlled intersections that are existing ACP or TCP locations in the offsite agency plans as being controlled by actuated signals. Appendix K, Table K-2 identifies those intersections that were modeled as TCPs.Quad Cities Generating Station 9-2 KLD Engineering, P.C.Evacuation Time Estimate Rev. 0 Chapters 2N and 5G, and Part 6 of the 2009 MUTCD are particularly relevant and should be reviewed during emergency response training.The ETE calculations reflect the assumption that all "external-external" trips are interdicted and diverted after 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> have elapsed from the ATE.All transit vehicles and other responders entering the EPZ to support the evacuation are assumed to be unhindered by personnel manning ACPs and TCPs.Study Assumptions 5 and 6 in Section 2.3 discuss ACP and TCP staffing schedules and operations.

Quad Cities Generating Station Evacuation Time Estimate 9-3 KLD Engineering, P.C.Rev. 0